homework 08 TING, JEFFREY Due: Feb 5 2008, 4:00 am 1

Question 1, chap 4, sect 4.

part 1 of 3 10 points
A ball is thrown and follows the parabolic
path shown. Air friction is negligible. Point
Q is the highest point on the path. Points P
and R are the same height above the ground.
Q
R P
How do the speeds of the ball at the three
points compare?
1. v
R
< v
Q
< v
P

2. v
Q
< v
P
= v
R
correct
3. v
P
= v
R
< v
Q

4. v
P
< v
Q
< v
R

5. v
Q
< v
R
< v
P

Explanation:
The speed of the ball in the x-direction is
constant. Because of gravitational accelera-
tion, the speed in the y-direction is zero at
point Q. Since points P and R are located at
the same point above ground, by symmetry
we see that they have the same vertical speed
component (though they do not have the same
velocity). The answer is then v
Q
< v
P
= v
R
.
Question 2, chap 4, sect 4.
part 2 of 3 10 points
Which of the following diagrams best indi-
cates the direction of the acceleration, if any,
on the ball at point R?
1.
2.
correct
3. The ball is in free-fall and there is no
acceleration at any point on its path.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Explanation:
Since air friction is negligible, the only ac-
celeration on the ball after being thrown is
that due to gravity, which acts straight down.
Question 3, chap 4, sect 4.
part 3 of 3 10 points
Which of the following diagrams best indi-
cates the direction of the net force, if any, on
the ball at point Q?
1.
2.
correct
3.
homework 08 TING, JEFFREY Due: Feb 5 2008, 4:00 am 2
4.
5. The ball is in free-fall and there is no
acceleration at any point on its path.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Explanation:
By Newtons second law, the force is in the
direction of the acceleration (downward).
Question 4, chap 4, sect 4.
part 1 of 2 10 points
You are standing at the top of a cli that
has a stairstep conguration. There is a verti-
cal drop of 5 m at your feet, then a horizontal
shelf of 8 m, then another drop of 5 m to the
bottom of the canyon, which has a horizontal
oor. You kick a 0.56 kg rock, giving it an
initial horizontal velocity that barely clears
the shelf below. The acceleration of gravity is
9.8 m/s
2
. Consider air friction to be negligi-
ble.
8 m
x
1
0
m
v
5 m
5 m
What initial horizontal velocity v will be
required to barely clear the edge of the shelf
below you?
Correct answer: 7.9196 m/s (tolerance 1
%).
Explanation:
Let : y
1
= 5 m,
y
2
= 5 m, and
x = 8 m.
Basic concepts: Since all of the vertical
motion is down, we can consider down to
be positive, and deal with positive gravity,
vertical velocities, and distances. Thus v
oy
=
0, and vertical distances are dened by
y =
1
2
g t
2
There is an initial horizontal velocity but
a
ox
= 0, so horizontal distances are dened
by
x = v
ox
t
Solution: Once launched, the vertical mo-
tion denes the time to drop to the rst shelf
2 y
1
= g t
2
1
so
t
1
=
_
2 y
1
g
Thus the horizontal distance traveled is
x = v
ox
t
1
so
v
ox
=
x
t
1
= x
_
g
2 y
1
= (8 m)

(9.8 m/s
2
)
2 (5 m)
= 7.9196 m/s .
Question 5, chap 4, sect 4.
part 2 of 2 10 points
How far from the bottom of the second cli
x will the projectile land?
Correct answer: 3.31371 m (tolerance 1
%).
Explanation:
homework 08 TING, JEFFREY Due: Feb 5 2008, 4:00 am 3
The time to drop the distance y = y
1
+ y
2
to the bottom of the cli is
t =

2 [y
1
+ y
2
]
g
,
and the total horizontal distance traveled in
that time is
x
2
= v
ox
t
= v
ox

2 [y
1
+ y
2
]
g
= (7.9196 m/s)

2 [(5 m) + (5 m)]
9.8 m/s
2
= 11.3137 m.
Thus the projectile will land a distance
x = x
2
x
= (11.3137 m) (8 m)
= 3.31371 m ,
from the bottom of the cli.
Question 6, chap 4, sect 4.
part 1 of 1 10 points
For your information: g = 9.8 m/s
2
.
A car is parked near a cli overlooking the
ocean on an incline that makes an angle =
31.7

with the horizontal. The negligent driver

leaves the car in neutral, and the emergency
brakes are defective. The car rolls from rest
down the incline and has velocity 5 m/s when
it reaches the clis edge, 16.4 m above the
ocean.
When the car hits the water, how far is it
from the clis base?

Correct answer: 6.72526 m (tolerance 1

%).
Explanation:
First, lets nd out the ight time of the car.
Consider the vertical motion of the car it
has constant acceleration g. Initially, when
the car goes o the clis edge, its vertical
velocity is
v
0y
= v
0
sin = 2.62736 m/s .
When the car hits the water, its vertical veloc-
ity has increased. To calculate the increase,
we use
v
2
y
= v
2
0y
+ 2 g h
= (2.62736 m/s)
2
+ 2 (9.8 m/s
2
) (16.4 m)
= 328.343 m
2
/s
2
,
which gives us v
y
= 18.1202 m/s. Conse-
quently, in light of
v
y
= v
0y
+ g t
the time of ight is
t =
v
y
v
0y
g
= 1.58091 s .
Now consider the horizontal motion of the
car. The horizontal velocity is constant,
v
x
v
0x
= v
0
cos
= 4.25406 m/s.
Therefore, the horizontal displacement of the
car during its fall is simply
x = v
x
t = 6.72526 m.
Question 7, chap 4, sect 4.
part 1 of 2 10 points
Consider the motion of a projectile. It is
red at t = 0. Its initial speed is 44 m/s
and its initial projection angle is 48

from the
horizontal.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s
2
.
homework 08 TING, JEFFREY Due: Feb 5 2008, 4:00 am 4
x
y
v
0
4
8

h
R
What is the maximum height, h, of its
trajectory?
Correct answer: 54.5502 m (tolerance 1
%).
Explanation:
At its maximum height, the y component
of its velocity vector is 0, so
0 = v
y0
2
2 g h.
Solving for h yields
h =
v
y0
2
2 g
=
v
2
0
sin
2

0
2 g
=
(44 m/s)
2
sin
2
(48

)
2 (9.8 m/s
2
)
= 54.5502 m .
Question 8, chap 4, sect 4.
part 2 of 2 10 points
Consider two cases, where the initial speed
v
0
is xed. The initial angle for the rst case
is
1
and the initial angle for the second case
is
2
.
x
y
v
0

2
v
0
1
h
2
h
1
R
2
R
1
R
2
The ratio of the time of ights
t
1
t
2
is given
by
1.
t
1
t
2
=
_
sin
2
sin
1
_
2
2.
t
1
t
2
=
cos
1
cos
2
3.
t
1
t
2
=
_
tan
1
tan
2
_
2
4.
t
1
t
2
=
_
cos
2
cos
1
_
2
5.
t
1
t
2
=
sin
1
sin
2
correct
6.
t
1
t
2
=
cos
2
cos
1
7.
t
1
t
2
=
tan
1
tan
2
8.
t
1
t
2
=
sin
2
sin
1
9. 1
10.
t
1
t
2
=
tan
2
tan
1
Explanation:
Use the kinematic relation
v
y
= v
0y
g t .
At the top of its trajectory, the vertical com-
ponent of its velocity is 0. Hence the time it
takes for the projectile to reach its maximum
height is
t
rise
=
v
0y
g
.
The total time of ight, t
trip
is twice t
rise
.
Hence the ratio is
t
trip1
t
trip2
=
2 v
0y1
g
2 v
0y2
g
=
v
0
sin
1
v
0
sin
2
=
sin
1
sin
2
Question 9, chap 4, sect 4.
part 1 of 1 10 points
Jimmy is at the bottom of a hill while Billy
is on the hill a distance 42 m up the hill from
homework 08 TING, JEFFREY Due: Feb 5 2008, 4:00 am 5
the bottom. Jimmy is at the origin of an xy
coordinate system, and the line that follows
the slope of the hill has an equation y =
(0.34) x . Jimmy throws an apple to Billy at
an angle of 53

with respect to the horizontal.

The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s
2
.
53

y
=
0
.
3
4
x
v
0
4
2
m
Billy
Jimmy
y
x
With what speed v
0
must he throw the
apple to reach Billy?
Correct answer: 23.3461 m/s (tolerance 1
%).
Explanation:
Let : = 53

,
d = 42 m, and
b = 0.34 , where
y = b x .
The kinematic equations in the x and y
directions give
x = (v
0
cos ) t (1)
y = (v
0
sin ) t
1
2
g t
2
. (2)
Eliminating t in Eq. 2 with t =
x
v
0
cos
yields
y =
v
0
x sin
v
0
cos

g x
2
2 v
2
0
cos
2

= x tan
g x
2
2 v
2
0
cos
2

.
Solving for v
0
we obtain
v
0
=

g x
2
2 cos
2
(x tan y)
. (3)
Billys location is at (x, y) and the distance
separating Billy and Jimmy is given by d =
42 m, so
d =
_
x
2
+ y
2
=
_
x
2
+ b
2
x
2
= x
_
1 + b
2
.
Solving for x and y = b x, and plugging in the
appropriate values yields
x =
d

1 + b
2
(4)
=
(42 m)
_
1 + (0.34)
2
= 39.7645 m, and
y = b x
= b
d

1 + b
2
(5)
= (0.34)
(42 m)
_
1 + (0.34)
2
= 13.5199 m.
Hence, for the apple to reach Billy the
ball must go through the point (39.7645 m,
13.5199 m). Using Eq. 3 and 5, we have
v
0
=

g x
2
2 cos
2
(x tan y)
=

g x
2
2 cos
2
(x tan b x)
=
_
g
2 cos
2

x
(tan b)
_
1/2
(6)
=
_
(9.8 m/s
2
)
2 cos
2
53

(39.7645 m)
(tan53

0.34)
_
1/2
= 23.3461 m/s .
Alternate Solution: Using Eq. 4 for x and
Eq. 6 for v
0
, (and the parameters values given
in the question) we have
v
0
=
_
g
2 cos
2

x
(tan b)
_
1/2
(6)
=
_
g
2 cos
2

1
(tan b)
d

1 + b
2
_
1/2
=
_
(9.8 m/s
2
)
2 cos
2
53

1
(tan53

0.34)

(42 m)
_
1 + (0.34)
2
_
1/2
= 23.3461 m/s .
homework 08 TING, JEFFREY Due: Feb 5 2008, 4:00 am 6
Question 10, chap 4, sect 4.
part 1 of 2 10 points
Consider the setup of a gun aimed at a
target located at the point A, as shown in the
gure. At t = 0 the gun is red at the same
time the target is dropped from A. The bullet
hits the target at a point P which is along the
vertical line AB. Let the initial speed of the
bullet be v
o
= 138 m/s and the angle between
the vector v
0
and the x-axis be = 55.4

and AB = 55.1 m. The distance OB is the

x-coordinate of the target.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s
2
.
A
P
B
v

0
O
O
x
y
The time taken to hit the target, t
P
is given
by
1.
PB
v
0
cos
2.
OA
v
0
sin
3.
AP
v
0
sin
4.
PB
v
0
sin
5.
OB
v
0
tan
6.
OB
v
0
sin
7.
PB
v
0
tan
8.
OA
v
0
tan
9.
OA
v
0
cos
10.
OB
v
0
cos
correct
Explanation:
Basic Concept:
Two-dimensional motion with constant accel-
eration
Solution:
Let t
P
stand for the time lapse. The motion
in the x direction is with constant speed.
OB = v
x
t
P
v
x
= v
0
cos
t
P
=
OB
v
0
cos
. (1)
Digression: It is instructive to note that
t
P
=
OAcos
v
0
cos
=
OA
v
0
. (2)
Note that both t
P
-expressions (1) or (2) imply
that t
P
is independent of g.
Question 11, chap 4, sect 4.
part 2 of 2 10 points
Determine the height of BP.
Correct answer: 53.9471 m (tolerance 1
%).
Explanation:
The motion of the target in the y-direction is
under the inuence of gravity with v
0y
= 0
y(t) = y
0

1
2
g t
2
By inspection t
AP
= t
OP
. This leads to
BP = AB
1
2
g t
2
OP
The time taken to hit the target is
t
OP
= t
OB
=
OB
v
0
cos
.
Since
tan =
AB
OB
, OB = AB
cos
sin
.
So
t
OP
=
AB
v
0
sin
= 0.485066 s.
homework 08 TING, JEFFREY Due: Feb 5 2008, 4:00 am 7
Thus
BP = 55.1 m
1
2
(9.8 m/s
2
)(0.485066 s )
2
= 53.9471 m
Question 12, chap 4, sect 6.
part 1 of 1 10 points
A rowboat crosses a river with a velocity
of 1.26 m/s at an angle 43

North of West
relative to the water.
1
.
2
6
m
/
s
43

Waters frame of reference

The river is 546 mwide and carries a current
of 1.32 m/s due East.
W E
+
S
v
s

s
1.32 m/s
5
4
6
m
Shores frame
of reference
When the boat reaches the opposite bank,
how far East or West (downstream + or
upstream ) from its starting point (on the
opposite bank) does it land.
Note: In your answer, take an Eastward
displacement to be positive and a Westward
displacement to be negative.
Correct answer: 253.198 m (tolerance 1
%).
Explanation:
Let : v
b
= 1.26 m/s ,
v
w
= 1.32 m/s ,

w
= 43

y = 546 m, and

s
= with respect to West
v
s
= with respect to Shore
Let the x-axis point East (downstream) and
the y-axis point North (across the stream).
Let v
b
denote the boats velocity relative to
the water and v
w
denote the waters velocity
relative to the shore.
v
b
v
s
v
w
As shown in the diagram above, the boats
velocity v
s
relative to the shore is
v
s
= v
b
+v
w
,
or in components,
v
x
= v
b
(cos
w
) + v
w
= (1.26 m/s) cos(43

) + (1.32 m/s)
= 0.398494 m/s ,
v
y
= v
b
(sin
w
)
= (1.26 m/s) sin(43

)
= 0.859318 m/s , so
v
s
=
_
v
2
x
+ v
2
y
=
_
(0.398494 m/s)
2
+ (0.859318 m/s)
2
_
1/2
= 0.94722 m/s

s
= 180

arctan
_
v
y
v
x
_
= 180

arctan
_
0.859318 m/s
0.398494 m/s
_
= 114.879

.
The time it takes the boat to cross the river is
t =
y
v
y
=
(546 m)
(0.859318 m/s)
= 635.388 s ,
homework 08 TING, JEFFREY Due: Feb 5 2008, 4:00 am 8
and during this time, the boats downstream
displacement is
x = t v
x
= (635.388 s) (0.398494 m/s)
= +253.198 m ,
that is, 253.198 m Eastward.