IT220 Homework Week 7 Networking Standards and Protocols

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS Section 7-2 1. What is a routing table?

2. What is the most common static route used in a host computer? the default gateway

3. What command is used to view a PC computers routing table? route 4. What is meant by a 0.0.0.0 network address entry with a subnet mask of 0.0.0.0 in a PCs routing table? It means the computer is set to get an IP address from a server (called DHCP) and it didn't get one.

5. What is the 127.0.0.1 IP address and what is it used for? Loopback address, used for diagnostic purposes.

7. What is the difference between a routers running-configuration and startup configuration? Running config- is what is saved on the router and the Startup config is like default config that a router defaults back to if the running config is not saved.

8. What is the router command used to view the routes entered into the routers

IT220 Homework Week 7 Networking Standards and Protocols

routing table? show ip route or sh ip route static

9. What is the router command used to configure a static route for a router? Show ip route or show ip route static Section 7-3 14. What is the difference between a static and a dynamic routing protocol? Static routing is when you statically configure a router to send traffic for particular destinations and dynamic routing is when the routing table dynamically updated to account for loss or changes in data traffic. 15. What are the four key issues in dynamic routing protocols? Path determination, Metric, Convergence, Load Balancing.

16. Define hop count.The number of routers the data packet must pass through to reach the destination netork.

17. Which of the following is not a metric used in dynamic routing protocols? a. Hop count b. Cost c. Runs d. Ticks

18. A distance vector protocol typically uses what as the metric? Hop count

IT220 Homework Week 7 Networking Standards and Protocols

22. Link state protocols issue what to update neighbor routers regarding route status? a. Hop status b. Link state advertisements c. Hello packets d. Adjacencies

23. Which of the following are key issues of link state protocols? a. Send updates every 90 seconds b. Send update when routing changes c. Use link lights to establish adjacencies d. Use a hop count metric to determine the best route to a destination

Section 7-4 24. RIP is classified as a a. Distance vector protocol b. Dynamic routing protocol c. Link state protocol d. a and c e. a and b f. b and c 25. Define routing loops.Data is forworded back to the router that sent the data packets.

IT220 Homework Week 7 Networking Standards and Protocols

26. Which of the following are examples of classful addresses? a. 10.10.0.0 b. 192.168.0.0 c. 10.1.0.0 d. 10.0.0.0 Section 7-9 81. What port does TFTP use? Port 69

82. List the command and prompt used to save a router configuration file to the TFTP server. From EXEC mode; RouterC#copy running-config tftp 83. List the command and prompt used to load a save configuration file from the TFTP server. RouterC#copy tftp running-config

84. Use the Finisar Surveyor demo software to capture a file transfer to a TFTP server. Prepare a report on your findings. Identify the port used to establish the TFTP transfer and the source and destination ports used for the TFTP file transfer.

85. Repeat problem 84 for loading a file from a TFTP server.

IT220 Homework Week 7 Networking Standards and Protocols

Section 8-2 2. What is the data rate of a T1 line? 1.544 Mbps

4. Define fractional T1.Indicates that only a portion of the T1 bandwidth is being used.

6. Explain the difference between line of demarcation and point of presence. Line of demarcation is the point where ownership of the communications equipment changes from the communications carrier to the user and the point of presence is the point where the CUSTOMER connects the network data traffic TO the Communications carrier. Demarcation has a middle man and the point of presence is remotely connected by customer.

8. What is ESF? Define the term. Extended superframe framing

10. What is B8ZS and how does it work? B8ZS is bipolar 8 zero substitution and was developed to improve data transmission over T1 circuits.

Section 8-3 12. A user requests a Frame Relay T1 data service with a CIR of 768 kbps. What does this mean? The carrier provides a guaranteed data rate or committed information rate(CIR), based on the service and the bandwidth requested by the user. So the customer requests carrier with Committed Information rate or guaranteed data transfer rate of 768 kbps.

14. Draw a picture of a point-to-point connection to the Frame Relay cloud.

IT220 Homework Week 7 Networking Standards and Protocols

http://kl2217.wordpress.com

16. What is the router command to instruct the interface for Frame Relay? #framework-relay interface-dlci 200

18. A telco provides a dlci number of 150 for a Frame Relay connection. List the router command to configure the assigned dlci number. #frame-relay interface-dlci 150

Section 8-4 20. Define the byte structure for an ATM cell.

22. What is VPI used for? ATM uses an VPI to identify the virtual circuits used to deliver cells in the ATM network.

IT220 Homework Week 7 Networking Standards and Protocols

Section 8-5 24. What is the bandwidth of a voice channel in the public switched telephone network? all signals below 300 Hz and above 3400 Hz

26. What are the data speeds for V.44/V.34 and V.92/V.90? 34 kbps; V.44/V.34 , 56 kbps; V.92 56 kbps; V.92/V.90 27. Cable modems use a technique called ranging. Define this term. A technique used by cable modems to determine the time it takes for data to travel to the cable head end

28. What are the data rates for basic access service ISDN and the ISDN primary access channel? 192 Kbps

30. Define discrete multitone. A multicarrier technique used to transport digital data over copper telephone lines

32. Define PPP and state its purpose. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), PPP helps establish the dial-up connection, manages data exchanges between the user and the RAS, and manages the data packets for delivery over TCP/IP.

Section 8-6 34. Draw a sketch of the encapsulation of a VPN data packet. Show the IP source

IT220 Homework Week 7 Networking Standards and Protocols

and destination address and the VPN tunnel source and destination address encapsulated with the IP packet.

36. List the two router commands for specifying the tunnel destination and source IP address. Include the router prompt tunnel on a router. The router displays the following: Interface IP address OK? Method Status Protocol Tunnel 0 10.10.20.5 YES manual up up. Is the tunnel link working properly? Justify your answer.

38. What router command can be used to check to see whether tunneling has been configured on a router? sh int tunnel 0

40. List five steps for troubleshooting the VPN tunnel link. Troubleshooting the VPN Tunnel Link The following list are steps used to verify that the VPN tunnel is properly configured: 1. Confirm connection to the physical interfaces IP address using a ping. 2. Check the source and destination IP addresses of the tunnel configured on the router. 3. Make sure the IP addresses on the ends of the tunnel are in the same subnet. 4. ping the destination from the source.

IT220 Homework Week 7 Networking Standards and Protocols

5. Use show run to make sure the source and destinations are properly configured. 6. If the problem is not found, try rebooting the routers.

Section 8-7 42. What is the purpose of a wide area network connection? Network multiple computers in the same remote area. 44. Define the following: a. Stubby areas; do not accept routes from the Internet su Linux command used to become another user (substitute user) on the system b. Totally stubby areas; Use only a default route to reach destinations external to the autonomous system Section 8-8 46. BGP is considered to be a. An external routing protocol b. An internal routing protocol c. Used for routing between the same networks d. Outdated 48. What does the router command router bgp 65003 mean? Step in configuring the router and assigning it a number for bgp.

Section 8-9 50. Define the following: a. Outbound data traffic; data leaving the network b. Inbound data traffic; data coming into the network

IT220 Homework Week 7 Networking Standards and Protocols

52. The protocol analyzer shows that the average frame size of data packets being delivered to and from the campus networks Internet connection is 1203. Is this a reasonable average? Justify your answer. This is a average number of packets. frame size in the 10241518 is an average frame size and it meets within parameters.