Slope Intercept Form Portfolio Project

Audrey Lohmeyer Period 5

The Basics: y=mx+b Y is a variable which stands for the distance on the y axis (vertical) of a point. Usually y is solved for by the substitution of numbers for x. M is the slope of the equation which signifies how far on the y axis and x axis you move from the starting point (rise over run). X is a variable which stands for the distance on the x axis (horizontal) in a point. Usually you substitute numbers for x to solve for y. B is the y-intercept which means its the first point you plot when graphing a line (0, b)

Using y=mx+b to Graph a Line 1. 2. Using b, plot youre starting position. It will be (0, b). VISUAL Use the slope to plot the rest of the points a. Take the numerator (top) of the fraction m; this indicates the rise or distance in the y direction. VISUAL b. Take the denominator (bottom) of the fraction m; this indicates the run or distance in the x direction. VISUAL 3. Connect the resulting points to graph the line. VISUAL Visual on next page

The equation of this line would be y=

x+2, because the y intercept is (0, 2) and distance from

the y intercept from the other points is -3 units in the y direction and 2 units in the x direction.

Making a Table of Values 1. Make a T-chart with the x values on one side and the y values on the other 2. Choose numbers for the x value, usually these numbers will be chosen to give you whole y values or to set the window of the graph. The numbers -3 to 3 are standard numbers and 0 is almost always chosen. 3. Substitute the values for x into the equation and solve for y, writing the y value into the table. 4. The pairs of x and y values are points on the graph (x, y) y= x-4 x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 y -6 -16/3 or -5 -14/3 or -4 -4 -10/3 or -3 -8/3 or -2 -2

For y= x-4, the slope is

y-intercept is -4.

Graph on next page.

y= x-4

Other Forms There are many different forms of equations of lines, such as standard form, slope intercept form, point slope form, and many others. The following pages will instruct on how to graph a line in standard form and how to manipulate a given equation to change it to point slope form. Standard Form: Ax+By=C 1. Substitute 0 for x. Solve for y. A(0)+By=C By=C y=

Because y= when x=0, the y-intercept is (0, ) 2. Substitue 0 for y. Solve for x. Ax+B(0)=C Ax=C x=

Because x= when y=0, the x-intercept is ( , 0) 3. Graph the two points, and connect to make a line. Example: 2x+3y=6 1. 2(0)+3y=6 y=2, (0, 2) 2. 2x+3(2)=6 x=3, (3,0) 3. Graph on next page

2x+3y=6

Manipulating Equations If the line is not in slope intercept form, you simply solve for y (get y by itself) to change it. Ax+By+C=D Ax+By=D-C By=-Ax-C+D y= Example: 6x+3y+5=17 6x+3y=12 3y=-6x+12 y=-3x+4

Real Life Uses for Slope 1. Renting a movie from blockbuster costs $2 for one day. Every day after that has an additional $1 charge. The $1 dollar charge is the slope. X is the amount of days you keep the video. B is the $2 that you have to pay to rent the movie. Y is the total cost. (x-1)+2, where x1 2. Buying out the party room at a restaurant costs a standard $200. Every hour spent in the room costs an additional $20. The slope is $20. B is $200. X is the amount of hours. Y is the total cost. y=20x+200, where x x1 3. Lets say that a worker makes 100$ daily. The company gives 10 minute breaks to employees. If the employees dont return within the 10 minutes, the company docks $5 dollars of pay per minute. The slope is -5 dollars. B is 100 dollars. X is the minutes they spend after break. Y is total days worth of pay. y=-5x+100, where x0 4. Writing the first page of a paper is the hardest, it takes 30 minutes. Every additional page takes 10 minutes. The Slope is 10 minutes. B is 30 minutes. X is the amount of pages the paper is, minus the first page. Y is the total time paper takes. y=10(x-1)+30, where x1 5. Consecutive 400 meter track times for an individual increase due to exhaustion. It takes a person 58 seconds to run the first 400 meter race, and an additional 5 seconds for every consecutive race afterwards. The slope is 5 additional seconds. B is 58 seconds. X is the y=(1)

time you run the race. Y is time it takes to run the 400 meters. y=5(x-1)+58, where x1

Horizontal and Vertical Lines When an equation has a slope of 0, there is no x value. y=mx+b y=(0)x+b y=b This means that for whatever x value, y is a single number. This results in a horizontal line. Example: y=(0)x+3 y=3

A vertical line is perpendicular to a horizontal line. This means its slope will be its opposite

reciprocal. The slope of a horizontal line is , so the slope of a vertical line will then be is an irrational number and will result in no slope. However, it is known that a vertical line

. This

passes through a single x value; so for whatever value y is, x will be the same number again and again. So it can be simplified to x=n. Example: x=3

Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Parallel Lines Line A contains the points (-4,2) and (1,6). Line B contains the points (0,-2) and (5,2).

Thus the slope of line A is

= and the

slope of line B is

= . The equation of

line A is y-6=

and the equation of line

B is y-2=

. These two lines are parallel

because they have the same slope.

Perpendicular Lines

Line A contains the points (-2,2) and (2,-2) and Line B contains the points (-2,-2) and (2,2).

Thus the slope of line A is

and the

slope of line B is

. The equation of

line A is y-2=-[x-(-2)] and the equation of line

B is y-2=

. These two lines are

perpendicular their slopes are opposite reciprocals.