Overview of India & China:The Peoples Republic of China commonly known as China located in East Asia and governed

by the communist party of China. Worlds third largest country after Russia and Canada and has second largest land area in the world. It is the second largest economy by both nominal GDP and purchasing power parity. Republic of India or India located in south Asia and seventh largest country by geographical area, worlds largest democracy. It is the 4th largest economy in the world. If we compare both countries china is at first position in terms of population and India is at second, but according to Economic Times of India; Indias population is rising and over the next couple of decades the working population should increase by 200 million. Chinas working age population will rise 4 million over the next decade. By 2020 the average age in India will be 29 years compared with 37 in china.

Comparison charts of India and China.

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Challenges and opportunities for China and India:India and china both are worlds largest economies and largest countries but they both are still poor countries with lots of challenges in front of them like population, illiteracy, education, corruption, infrastructure, energy, transportation, food, etc... The challenges are large in both countries but there are some opportunities also like travel and tourism, automobile industry, IT sector, exports and many more.

China Challenges
Sustainable development is essential for chinas future. China is growing faster than any other country and as a big future economy but country is facing lots of economic, social and ecological problems. These problems are large like lack of clean water, insufficient land, unemployment, migration of farmers and rising gender imbalance.

1) Environment:A huge rapidly growing economy such as china, places demands on the natural resources of the whole world. Chinas consumption of energy from coal, Oil, and natural gas together has risen by 260 %over the last 20 years. If china continues her demand of energy China will be facedwith difficulties in the shortage of energy reserves, production capacity and transport capacity as well as environmental capacity for the discharge of waste gas and other industrial waste. China ranks second globally in overall water resources still China is facing with serious water problem. According to the world resources institute (WRI) most of chinas domestic and industrial wastewater is released untreated into its waterways. Approximately half of the drinking water is contaminated with human and animal waste. Poor efficiency of water use leads to lack of water in china; there are some factors for insufficient water like evaporation from canals and from fields, poor maintenance, rapid growth and development of industries, increasing demand of water, and increased population. Due to rapid development of industries and deforestation now china has been facing problems like flooding. Chinas air pollution is another major challenge. According to world health organization seven of ten of the earths most polluted cities are in china. Due to high air pollution the peoples of china are facing respiratory diseases like lung cancer, heart disease, bronchitis. China overtook the United States as the worlds leading emitter of greenhouse gases. Chinas rise in the world economic power have come a more use of energy and doubling energy demand. China has ample coal, with estimates indicating that, chinas coal reserves will last for 100 to 200 years. According to (chinas environment and challenges of sustainable development, Kristen A. Day, pg. no.9) with chinas rapidly growing appetite and automobiles, the countries increase in greenhouse gas emissions over the next thirty years will equal that of the rest of the developed world. 2) Food:-

China faces a problem with how to feed its growing population. China has lost over one fifth of its cropland since 1949 because of industrialization, and increasing in roads, parking lots, and housing. Soil pollution in china is another problem due to industrialization. And now demand of meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and butter has dramatically increased. Increased global temperature from anthropogenic greenhouse gases may also add to chinas impending food/water shortage. China can, off course replace domestic food production with imports. But the damage done to agriculture exacerbates Chinas social problem. It will create even greater unemployment in the rural areas and increase the pressure to create more jobs in manufacturing and services to avoid social unrest. It will increase the income disproportion between rural and urban areas. 3) Communication :Communication is important part for any business. Language barrier is a huge issue for many foreign companies when they want to enter into any other country. Usually English is the common language in international business, and most of the Chinese are unable to communicate in English and many foreigners are unable to speak the Chinese language; more Chinese companies need the help of translators to communicate with the locals. Yet china has facing lots of problems and challenges regarding environment, infrastructure, education, social, ecological but there are still opportunities in china.

China Opportunities
Low labor and land costs are chinas competitive advantages. However they are not only the factors that have helped make china the worlds largest factory. This not only makes massive production possible, but also facilitates the transportation of raw materials in to the country and finished products out to the world.

Chinas seaports have been the most important gateway for its foreign trade. Currently the nation ranks first in terms of both cargos through put by weight and by the number of containers handled. Expressways are another important transportation which plays main role in domestic transport of materials and containers. While roadway transportation plays important role in transportation, railway system play very important role in bulk cargo and passenger transportation. Chinese railway system ranks third in the world after United States and Russia. Chinas rapid economic growth has attracted the attention of foreign investors all over the world, and the flow of foreign investment into china has had much to do with the countrys establishment of development zone and industrial parks. (Industrial parks economic and technological zones, high-tech industrial development zones, free trade zones, and export processing zones) According to the 12th five-year plan, government is focusing on improving peoples living standards, building affordable housing, and cutting carbon emissions, among other things.

India challenges and opportunities:India is one of the largest growing economies in the world but still India is a poor country and to become a powerful nation it have to face lots of challenges and problems like improve infrastructure, governance, education quality, agricultural productivity, and environment. But still there are lots of opportunities for India in different sector like IT sector, travel and tourism, in public and private sector.

Challenges
The main challenges for India are infrastructure, governance, education and environment. 1) Improve governance:-

Without better government system India will find it difficult to educate its citizens, build its infrastructure, increase agricultural productivity, and a good environment. The main problem of government is corruption; India is one the most corrupt countries. There are lots of opportunities in country but without proper governance it is not possible to achieve proper growth of nation. 2) Raise educational achievement:Education is one of the important parts of any countries development. Indias educational achievement is a major requirement to help achieve the nations potential. Currently vast number of Indias young people receives no education or the basic education. To become a powerful economy education is very important. 3) Increase agricultural productivity:In India agriculture is main source of income for more than 50% of population of India. And increasing agricultural growth is very important for country. Currently 60% of the labor force is employed in agriculture, which contributes less than 1% of overall growth. At this time increasing agricultural growth is great opportunity for India, it could allow India to benefit from the global thirst for good quality food demand from developing countries. 4) Improve infrastructure:Indias constraints in infrastructure are obvious to first-time visitors or long term residents. The problem of clogged airports, poor roads, inadequate power, and delays in ports has been well recognized as impending growth. India companies on average lose 30 days in obtaining an electricity connection, 15 days in cleaning exports through customs, and lose 7% of the value of their sales due to power outages.

5) Improve air quality :-

India is high in population; it has extreme climate and economic dependence on its natural resource base make environmental sustainability critical in maintaining its development path. India is emerging as a powerful economy in the world but now India is facing problems like pollution, flooding, imbalance of environmental quality, the mountains of Himalayas are melting and it results in flooding in northern part of India. Due to rapid development , urbanization, industrialization and global climate change will take a heavy toll on Indias environment.

The opportunity
Currently India is facing many challenges but country has lots of opportunities in business. The main challenge of unemployment is good opportunity for India to provide skilled man power to the rest of the world while they are facing shortage in human power. Indias population is growing but in next few decades Indias working age population will be younger than any other country. In future India can provide skilled, educated manpower to the developing countries; other developing countries like Russia and china facing shortage in skilled manpower it is great opportunity for India. The challenges face by other nations presents opportunity for India. With its large population of educated youth, India can provide a host of service to such a nation.

India can provide various services like IT services, telemedicine, e learning, health care, education service, tourism, leisure tourism service etc. And there are various kind of services that can be offered to India in near future they are1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Telemedicine E- learning IT services Tourism IT enabled services:- 1) HR and admin outsourcing 2) Animation 3) Data analysis 4) Technology 6) Tourism for corporate client, medical tourism, adventure tourism, etc. Currently India has a very small share of the world tourism market. There are very good reason behind this, lots of international tourist visits India every year and they return with mixed kind of experience. And image of India is not positive due to some reasons like lack of cleanliness, quality of infrastructure, and many more. if India improves infrastructure then India will improve his share in world tourism. For that India needs to develop few world class tourist destinations and need to improve quality of service. There are lots of opportunities for India, but they are available only when India improves its Infrastructure and governance otherwise India will miss a huge opportunity to boost its economic growth and provide employment to millions of educated young people.

Conclusion
India and china both are largest emerging economies and they can be stand as powerful nations in the world but they need to improve their infrastructure, educational quality, environment, they need to improve quality of service. If both countries stand together then they can change whole world and they become strongest economies in the world. Both countries must focus on improving environment, their cropland.to control pollution they must implement and enforce strict pollution standards. If they provide good quality education they will be powerful countries and their future will be bright.