Assessment chapter 1 1. Which of the following is a base SI quantity?

A Weight B Energy C Velocity D Mass Which of the following is a derived quantity? A Length B Mass C Temperature D Voltage Which of the following is not a basic unit? A Newton B kilogram C ampere D second Which of the following quantities cannot be derived? A Electric current B Power C Momentum D Force C D 0.12 mm 1.2 x 10-11 km

2.

10. The diameter of a particle is 250 m. What is its diameter in cm? A 2.5 x 10-2 B 2.5 x 10-4 -6 C 2.5 x 10 D 2.5 x 10-8 11. Which of the following prefixes is arranged in ascending order? A mili, senti, mikro, desi B mikro, mili, senti, desi C mili, mikro, desi, senti D desi, mikro, mili, senti 12. are A B C D 13. Velocity, density, force and energy basic quantities scalar quantities derived quantities vector quantities

3.

4.

5. Which of the following quantities is not derived from the basic physical quantity of length? A Electric charge B Density C Velocity D Volume 6. Initial velocity u, final velocity v, time t and another physical quantity k is related by the equation v - u = kt. The unit for k is A m s-1 B m-1 s -2 C ms D m2 s-2

Which of the following shows the correct conversion of units? A 24 mm3 =2.4 x 10-6 m3 B 300 mm3=3.0 x 10-7 m3 C 800 mm3=8.0 x 10-2 m3 D 1 000 mm3=1.0 x 10-4 m3

7. Which of the following has the smallest magnitude? A megametre B centimeter C kilometre D mikrometre 8. 4 328 000 000 mm in standard form is A 4.328 x 10-9 m B 4.328 x 10-6 m C 4.328 x 106 m D 4.328 x 109 m 9. Which of the following measurements is the longest? A 1.2 x 10-5 cm B 120 x 10-4 dm

14. Which of the following measurements is the shortest ? A 3.45 x 103 m B 3.45 x 104 cm C 3.45 x 107 mm D 3.45 x 1012 m 15. The Hitz FM channel broadcasts radio waves at a frequency of 92.8 MHz in the north region. What is the frequency of the radio wave in Hz? A 9.28 x 104 B 9.28 x 105 7 C 9.28 x 10 D 9.28 x 1010 16. An object moves along a straight line for time, t. The length of the line, s is

given by the equation s = SI unit of g is

1 2 gt . The 2

A m2 s2 C s-1

B m s-2 D s-2 m

Part B : Structure Question 1. A car moves with an average speed of 75 km h-1 from town P to town Q in 2 hours as shown in Figure 1. By using this information, you may calculate the distance between the two towns. P Q

(a)

Figure 1 (i) Based on the statements given, state two basic quantities and their respective SI units. (ii) State a derived quantity and its SI unit.

(b)Convert the value 1 5 x 10-3

. m to standard form.

(c) prefix.

Complete Table 1 by writing the value of each given

Table 1 (d)Power is defined as the rate of change of work done. Derive the unit for power in terms of its basic units.

(e) Calculate the volume of a wooden block with dimension of 7 cm, 5 cm breadth and 12 cm height in m3 and convert its value in standard form.

2.

Figure 2 shows an ammeter of 03 A range.

Figure 2 (a) (i) Name component X. ... (ii) What is the function of X? . (b)Table 2 shows three current readings obtained by three students.

Table 2 (i) Did all the students use the ammeter in Figure2? .. . (ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i). 3. Figure 3 shows the meniscus of water in a measuring cylinder K, L, and M are three eye positions while measuring the volume of the water.

Figure 3

Figure 4

(a) (i) Which of the eye positions is correct while taking the reading of the volume of water? . (b) The water in the measuring cylinder is replaced with 30 cm3 of mercury. (i) In Figure 4, draw the meniscus of the mercury in the measuring cylinder. (ii) Explain why the shape of the meniscus of mercury is as drawn in (b)(i).

Assessment chapter 2 Part A : Objective Questions 1. When a coconut is falling to the ground, which of the following quantities is constant? A. B. C. D. 2. Velocity Momentum Acceleration Kinetic energy

C. D. 6.

12 N 20 N

14 N 17 N

The graph below shows the motion of a trolley with mass 1.5 kg. Velocity / ms-1 4

In an inelastic collision, which of the following quantities remains constant before and after the collision? A. Total acceleration B. Total velocity C. Total momentum D. Total kinetic energy Calculate the weight of a stone with mass 60 g on the surface of the moon. (The gravitational acceleration of the moon is 1/6 that of the Earth.) A. B. C. D. E. 0.1 N 0.2 N 0.4 N 0.6 N 0.8 N 7.

0 2 4 6 Time / s Calculate the momentum of the trolley from t = 2s to t = 4s. A. B. C. D. E. 1.5 kg m s-1 3.0 kg m s-1 4.0 kg m s-1 6.0 kg m s-1 7.5 kg m s-1

3.

This figure shows an aircraft flying Lift in the air. Thrust Air friction

4.

The momentum of a particle is dependent on A. mass and acceleration B. weight and force C. mass and velocity Which of the following diagrams shows a body moving at constant velocity? A. B. 2N 12 N 2N 7N 8.

Weight The aircraft above accelerates if A. B. C. D. Lift > Weight Thrust > Lift Lift > Air friction Thrust > Air friction m = 0.3 kg 5m

5.

What is the momentum of the stone just before it hits the ground? A. B. C. D. E. 9. 0.15 kg m s-1 0.3 kg m s-1 1.5 kg m s-1 3.0 kg m s-1 15.0 kg m s-1

A big ship will keep moving for some distance when its engine is turned off. This situation happens because the ship has A. B. C. D. great inertia great acceleration great momentum great kinetic energy An iron ball is dropped at a height of 10 m from the surface of the moon. Calculate the time needed for the iron ball to land. (Gravitational acceleration of the moon is 1/6 that of the Earth and g = 9.8 N kg-2) A B C D E 0.6 s 1.4 s 1.7 s 3.5 s 12.0 s

10.

Part B : Structure Questions 1.

(i) Car A Diagram 1.1

(ii) Car B

Diagram 1.1(i) and (ii) show two methods used by the mechanic to move a breakdown car. A constant force, F = 500 N is used to push and pull the car in method A and B. (a) (i) Which method is easier to move the car? (ii) State a reason for your answer in (a)(i). (b) The frictional force acting between the car and track surface in both methods is 200 N. Calculate, the (i) horizontal resultant force in method A.

(ii)

horizontal resultant force in method B.

(iii)

acceleration of the car in method B.

(c)

Suggest a method to move Car B so that the acceleration produced is equal to that of method A. ....

2.

ceiling

Tin P (i) a) Q

water Diagram 2.1

N (ii)

hand

Diagram 2.1(i) shows tin P that is empty and tin Q that is filled with water. A student find difficult to pushed tin Q. Write the inference about the observation. Diagram 2.1(ii) shows a tin being released from the different positions M and N. The hand of a student at position R needs greater force to stop the motion of the tin falling from position M. Explain this observation.

b)

c)

Based on the observation (i) and (ii), state two factors that affect the magnitude of the momentum of the object. If water flows out from a hole at the bottom of the tin Q, how would the inertia of Tin Q depends on time ?

d)

3. P

2 ms-1 iron ball ( 2 kg ) S 3.0 m smooth surface 1.0 m Q Diagram 3 R Rough surface 2.0 m T

The figure shows a iron ball that is rolled through PQRST. The rough surface of QR has frictional force of 4 N. a) Calculate (i) the kinetic energy of the iron ball at P.

(ii)

the potential energy of the iron ball at P.

(iii)

the total of energy of the iron ball at P.

b) c)

(i) (ii)

Calculate the total of energy of the iron ball when it reaches at Q ? Calculate the work done against friction along QR.

d)

Calculate the total kinetic energy of the iron ball at S.

e)

Calculate the speed of the ball at position T.

Part C : Essay Questions 1.

(ii) Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.1(i) shows the condition of a car moving at high velocity when it suddenly crashes into a wall. Diagram 1.1(ii) shows a tennis ball hit with racquet by a player. a) (i) What is the meaning of momentum? (ii) Based on the observations of Diagram (i) and (ii), compare the characteristics of car when it crashes into the wall and the tennis ball when it is hit with a racquet. Hence, relate these characteristics to clarify a physics concept, and name this concept. Explain why a tennis player uses a taut racquet when playing.

(i)

b)

c)

In launching a rocket, a few technical problems have to be overcome before the rocket can move upright to the sky. By using appropriate physics concepts, describe the design of a rocket and the launch techniques that can launch the rocket upright.
Properties

2.

Brand

Reaction time / s 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.6

Mass / kg 1.5 1.8 0.9 2.5

A B C D

Engine thrust force / N 10.0 12.5 6.5 16.0

Resistance force / N 4.0 2.4 2.2 6.5

In a radio-controlled car racing competition, 4 mini-cars branded A, B, C and D took part. The information of the 4 cars is given in the table above. Details of the above information are given as below; Reaction time - Duration between the moment the radio-controlled is switched on and the moment the car starts moving. Resistance - Average value of opposing forces includes the friction between wheels and track, and air resistance. (a) What is the meaning of acceleration? (b) Draw a graph of velocity against time that shows a car moving initially with constant acceleration, then moving with constant velocity and followed by constant deceleration until it stops. (c) Explain the suitability of the properties in the above table in constructing a radiocontrolled car racing purpose. Hence, determine which brand of car will win the 50-metre race. (c) If Car B in the above table is moved up the plane at the angle of 30o to the horizon, (i) Show that the car is able to move up the plane. (ii) Determine the acceleration of the car.

Assessment Chapter 3 Part A: Objective Question 1. A cylinder has a mass of 12kg and a cross-sectional area of 200cm2. What is the pressure acting at its base? A. 6 kPa B. 9 kPa C. 12 kPa 2. Wind blows normally on a wall at a pressure of 200kPa. If the wall has an area of 5m2, what is the force acting on the wall? A. 40kN B. 800kN C. 1000kN 3. Which of the following factor does not influence the pressure of a liquid? A. Depth B. Acceleration due to gravity C. Density D. Volume 4. Mercury has density of 13600kgm-3. If the pressure of mercury is 650kPa, what is the depth from its surface? A. 4.0m B. 4.8m C. 5.8m 5. What is the pressure of the gas trapped inside the J-tube, in Pa unit? D. 6.4m E. 8.0m 7. Figure 7 shows a hydraulic jack. Piston A and piston B have crosssectional areas 5cm2 and 100cm2 respectively. If mass of 3kg is placed on piston A, what is the maximum weight that can be lifted by piston B? D. 1200kN E. 1600kN 6. Which instruments is meant for measuring atmospheric pressure? A. Carburetor B. Siphon C. Fortins Barometer D. Hydrometer D. 15 kPa E. 18 kPa A. 1.19 x 105 Pa B. 1.90 x 105 Pa C. 2.19 x 105 Pa D. 2.90 x 105 Pa E. 3.14 x 105 Pa

10. Figure 10 shows metal tube is blowed hardly at the opening. It is observed that the polystyrene ball is lifted to the opening of metal tube. Figure 7 A. 300N B. 600N C. 800N 8. Which of the following device is based on the Pascals Principle of pressure transmission? A. Hydrometer B. Cars hydraulic brake C. Bunsen burner D. Fire extinguisher 9. A ship of mass 80000kg floats on the sea surface. If the density of the sea water is 1250kgm-3, what is the volume of the displaced sea water? A. 6.4 m3 B. 64 m3 C. 640 m3 D. 800 m3 E. 900 m3 D. 900N E. 1000N Polystyrene ball This phenomenon occurs because A. The air velocity at the upper section of the metal tube is less than the air velocity at its lower section. B. The air pressure at the upper section of the metal tube is less than the air pressure at its lower section. C. The air density at the upper section of the metal tube is more than the air density at its lower section. D. The air temperature at the upper section of the metal tube is more than the air temperature at its lower section Blow hard

Metal tube

Part B: Structured Question 1.

FIGURE 1 Figure 1 shows a Perodua Myvi with a mass of 900 kg. Air pressure for each tyre is 2 x 105 Pa. (a) What is the meaning of pressure ? ............................................................................................................................................. (b) Calculate the area in contact with the ground for each tyre.

(c) Zamani drives his car to his school with a distance of 10km and find his car tyre become harder than usual. Explain why this is happen? ................................................................................................................................. ........... ...................................................................................................................... 2. Diagram shows a set up of apparatus for measuring atmospheric pressure.

(a) What is the name for the instrument? (b) Determine the atmospheric pressure as measured by the instrument ,

(i) (ii)

in the cm Hg unit in the Pa unit

.. .. (c) State the change of length of the mercury column above the mercury surface (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) The tube is raised by 10cm ... . The surrounding temperature increases .. The instrument is brought to the peak of a mountain .. Water vapor is brought to the vacuum region Part C: Essay Question 1. (a) A fisherman finds that his boat is at different levels in the sea and in the river, although the boat carries the same load. The density of sea water is 1 025 kg m-3 and of river water is 1 000 kg m-3. Figure 1 and 2 illustrate the situation of the boat in the sea and in the river.

(i) What is meant by density? (ii) Using Figure 1 and 2, compare the levels of the boat and the volumes of water displaced by the boat.

 Relating the mass of the boat with its load, the volume of water displaced and the density of the water, deduce a relevant physics concept. (iii) Name the physics principle that explains the above situation. (b) A submarine can sail on the sea surface and under the sea. Explain how a submarine on the surface submerges. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 2. Figure below shows an iron penetrates a layer of sand placed in a beaker. When water is poured into the beaker, the iron rod makes another penetration into the sand layer as shown in figure below. Iron rod

Water

Sand Based on the observation, a) state one suitable inference that can be made

b) state one appropriate hypothesis for an investigation c) with the use of apparatus such as spring balance, load, thread, eureka can and other apparatus, describe an experiment framework to test your hypothesis. In your description, state clearly the following: i) aim of the experiment ii) variable in your experiment iii) list of apparatus and materials iv) arrangement of the apparatus in a sketch v) the procedure of the experiment vi) the way you list the data vii) the way you would analyse the data

PART A: CHAPTER 4 1. A 5kg iron sphere of temperature 50 C is put in contact with a 1kg copper sphere of temperature 273K and they are put inside an insulated box. Which of the following statements is correct when they reach thermal equilibrium? A. A iron sphere will have a temperature of 273K B. The copper sphere will have a temperature of 500C. C. Both the sphere have the same temperature. D. The temperature of the iron sphere will be lower than 500C
0

D. To allow microwave to penetrate deeper into the lunch box.

2.

In the process to transfer heat from one object to another object, which of the following processes does not involve a transfer to material? A. Convection B. Vaporisation C. Radiation D. Evaporation When we use a microwave oven to heat up some food in a lunch box, we should open the lid slightly. Which of the following explanations is correct? A. To allow microwave to go inside the lunch box B. To allow the water vapors to go out, otherwise the box will explode C. To allow microwave to reflect more times inside the lunch box

Water is generally used to put out fire. Which of the following explanation is not correct? A. Water has a high specific heat capacity B. Steam can cut off the supply of oxygen C. Water is easily available D. Water can react with some material Given that the heat capacity of a certain sample is 5000 J0C-1. Which of the following is correct? A. The mass of this sample is 1kg. B. The energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 kg of this sample is 5000 J. C. The energy needed to increase the temperature of 0.5kg of this sample is 2500J. D. The temperature of this sample will increase 10C when 5 000 J energy is absorbed by this sample. Which of the following statement is correct?

3.

A. The total mass of the object is kept constant when fusion occurs. B. The internal energy of the object is increased when condensation occurs C. Energy is absorbed when condensation occurs. D. Energy is absorbed when vaporization occurs. 10.

A. the average speed of gas molecules increases B. the number of gas molecules increases C. the average distance between the gas molecules increases D. the rate of collision between the gas molecules and the walls increases A plastic bag is filled with air. It is immersed in the boiling water as shown in diagram below.

7.

Water molecules change their states between the liquid and gaseous states A. only when water vapour is saturated B. at all times because evaporation and condensation occur any time C. only when the vapour molecules produce a pressure as the same as the atmospheric pressure D. only when the water is boiling Based on the kinetic theory of gas which one of the following does not explain the behaviour of gas molecules in a container? A. Gas molecules move randomly B. Gas molecules collide elastically with the walls of the container C. Gas molecules move faster as temperature increases D. Gas molecules collide inelastically with each other A cylinder which contains gas is compressed at constant temperature of the gas increase because

Which of the following statements is false? A. The volume of the plastic bag increases. B. The pressure of air molecules increases C. The air molecules in the bag move faster D. The repulsive force of boiling water slows down the movement of air molecule

8.

9.

PART B; 1. A research student wishes to carry out an investigation on the temperature change of the substance in the temperature range -500C to 500C. The instrument used to measure the temperature is a liquid in glass thermometer.
Thermometer Liquid Freezing point of liquid (0C) Boiling point of liquid (0C) Diameter of capillary tube Cross section A Mercury -39 360 Large B Mercury -39 360 Small C Alcohol -112 360 Large D Alcohol -112 360 Small

Table 1 (a) (i) State the principle used in a liquid- in glass thermometer.(1m) ............................................................................................................................ ........ (i) Briefly explain the principle stated in (a)(i) (3m) (b) Table 1 shows the characteristic of 4 types of thermometer: A,B C and D. On the basis of the information given in Table 1, explain the characteristics of, and suggest a suitable thermometer for the experiment.(5 m)

 (c) The length of the mercury column in uncalibrated thermometer is 6.0cm and 18.5 cm at 00C and 1000C. respectively. When the thermometer is placed in a liquid, the length of the mercury column is 14.0cm (i) Calculate the temperature of the liquid

(ii)

State two thermometric properties which can be used to calibrate a thermometer. (6m)

2.

A metal block P of mass 500 g is heated is boiling water at a temperature of 1000C. Block P is then transferred into the water at a temperature of 300C in a polystyrene cup. The mass of water in the polystyrene cup is 250 g. After 2 minutes, the water temperature rises to 420C.

Figure 2

Assuming that the heat absorbed by the polystyrene cup and heat loss to the surroundings are negligible.{Specific heat capacity of water 4 200 j kg-1 C-1) Calculate (a) the quantity of heat gained by water the polystyrene cup

(b)

the rate of heat supplied to the water

(c)

the specific heat capacity of the metal block P

3.

A student performs an experiment to investigate the energy change in a system. He prepares a cardboard tube 50.0 cm long closed by a stopper at one end. Lead shot of mass 500 g is placed in the tube and the other end of the tube is also closed by a stopper. The height of the lead shot in the tube is 5.0 cm as shown in Figure 3.1. The student then holds both ends of the tube and inverts it 100 times (Figure 3.2).

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

(a)

State the energy change each time the tube is inverted.

(b) What is the average distance taken by the lead shot each time the tube is inverted? (c) Calculate the time taken by the lead shot to fall from the top to

the bottom of the tube.

(d) i.

After inverting the tube 100 times, the temperature of the lead Calculate the work done on the lead shot.

shot is found to have increased by 30C.

ii.

Calculate the specific heat capacity of lead.

iii.

State the assumption used in your calculation in (d)ii.

PART C: EXPERIMENT 1. Before travelling on a long journey, Luqman measured the air pressure the tyre of his car as shown in Figure (a) He found that the air pressure of the tyre was 200 kPa. After the journey, Luqman measured again the air pressure of the tyre as shown in Figure (b) He found that the air pressure had increase to 245 kPa. Luqman also found that the tyre was hotter after the journey although the size of the tyre did not change. Using the information provided by Luqman and his observations on air pressure in the tyre of his car:

Figure (a) (a) (b) (c)

Figure (b) [1 mark]

State one suitable inference that can be made. [1 mark] State appropriate hypothesis for an investigation. Design an experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b).

Choose suitable apparatus such as pressure gauge, a round-bottomed flask and any other apparatus that may he necessary. In your description, state clearly the following: i. ii. iii. iv. Aim of the experiment, Variables in the experiment, List of apparatus and materials, Arrangement of the apparatus,

v. vi. vii. Inference Hypothesis Aim Variable

The procedure of the experiment including the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable, The way you would tabulate the data, The way you would analyse the data. [10 marks]

Constant variable

Manipulate variable : Responding variable : Material and Apparatus Arrangement of apparatus

Procedure

Tabulation of Data

Analysis of Data

Assessment chapter 5 Light Part A: 1. Between the following statements about reflection of light, which is not true? A. All light energy incident on a plane mirror is reflected. B. The angle of incidence is always the same as the angle of reflection. C. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the point of incidence, all lie on the same plane. D. The speed of the reflected ray is the same as the speed of the incident ray. 2. A boy stands in front of a plane mirror. He observes the image of some letterings printed on his shirt. The letterings on his shirt is as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Between the following images, which is the image observed by the boy? C A B D

3. Figure 2 shows an object, O placed in front of a plane mirror. Between the positions A, B, C and D, which is the position of the image? A Plane mirror O Figure 2 4. A student is moving with a velocity of 2 m s-1 towards a plane mirror. The distance between the student and his image will move towards each other at the rate A. 2 m s-1
1

B. 3 m s-1

C. 4 m s-1

D. 5 m s-1

E. 6 m s-

5. The table below shows the characteristics of the images formed by a concave mirror for various positions of the object. All symbols used have the usual meanings. Which of them is not true? A B C D Position of object u > 2f f < u < 2f u=f u<f Characteristics of image Diminished, inverted, real Magnified, inverted, real Same size, inverted, real Maginfied, upright, virtual

6. Which of the following ray diagram is correct? A 50o 50o C F C F B C

Plane mirror

Convex mirror

Concave mirror

7. The depth of a swimming pool appears to be less than its actual depth. The light phenomenon which causes this is A. B. C. D. Reflection Refraction Diffraction Interference

8. The critical angle in glass is 42o. What is the refractive index of glass? A. 1.2 B. 1.3 C. 1.4 D. 1.5 E. 1.6

9. Which of the following are the characteristics of an image formed by a magnifying glass? A. B. C. D. Magnified, virtual, inverted Diminished, real, upright Magnified, virtual, upright Diminished, virtual, inverted

10. A student is given three convex lenses of focal lengths 2 cm, 10 cm and 50 cm. He wishes to construct a powerful astronomical telescope. Which of the following arrangements should he choose? Focal length of objective lens / cm 50 10 2 50 Focal length of eye lens / cm 2 10 50 10

A B C D Part B 1.

Eye

air water

Figure 3 Figure 3 shows the eye of a person looking at a fish. a) Sketch a ray diagram consisting of 2 rays originating from the eye of the fish to show why the image of the fish is seen closer to the surface. b) The fish is at a depth of 2 m. If the refractive index of water is 1.33, calculate the apparent depth of the fish.

2. a) Starting with the lens formula, u + v = f , derive an equation that gives the relationship between liner magnification, m and the image distance, v. Hence sketch the graph of m against v on the axes provided below. m
1 1 1

(b) State the value of m at the point of intersection of the graph with the vertical axis.

(c) Describe how you would determine the focal length of the lens using the graph.

Part C 1. A student used a slide projector to project a picture onto the screen. Figure 1a and 1b show the relative positions of the slide, projector lens and the screen. It is observed that when the screen is moved further away (Figure 1b), the lens of the projector has to be moved nearer to the slide to obtain a sharp image.

Projector lens Screen Slide image

Figure 1a Projector lens Screen Slide image Figure 1b Based on your observations and knowledge of lenses; a) make one suitable inference.

b)

state an appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated.

c) describe how you would design an experiment to test your hypothesis using a convex lens, filament bulb and other apparatus. In your description, state clearly the following: (i) aim of the experiment

(ii)

variables in the experiment

(i)

List of apparatus and materials

(ii)

Arrangement of the apparatus

(iii)

The procedure of the experiment, which includes the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable

(iv) (v)

The way you tabulate the data The way you would analyse the data

2. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the relationship between object distance, u, and image distance, v, for a convex lens. The student used various values of u and recorded the corresponding values of v. The student then plotted the graph of uv against u + v as shown in Figure 2.
uv/ cm2

500 450 400 35055 3000 250

2000 150 100 50

10

20

30

40

50 u + v / cm

Figure 2

a)

Based on the graph in Figure 2, (i) state the relationship between uv and u + v [1 mark] (ii) determine the value of u + v when the value of uv = 400 cm2. Show on the graph how you obtained the value of u + v. From the value of u + v obtained, calculate the image distance, v when u = 20 cm.

[3 marks] (iii) calculate the gradient of the graph. Show clearly on the graph how you obtained the values needed for the calculation.

[3 marks] b) Given that the relationship between u, v and focal length, f of the convex lens used, is represented by the equation 1 + 1 = 1 u v f Derive an equation which gives the relationship between uv and (u + v ).

[2 marks] c) Using the equation derived in (b), and the value of gradient calculated in (a)(iii), determine the focal length of the lens used in the experiment.

[2 marks] d) State one precaution taken to ensure the accuracy of the experiment. [1 mark]