Major health problems in india : Major health problems in india communicable disease problem population problem environmental sanitation

problem medical care problem nutritional problem

COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES:

INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE (ICDS) SCHEME : Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) scheme was launched on 2nd October, 1975 (5th Five year Plan) in pursuance of the National Policy For Children started in 33 experimental blocks Success of the scheme led to its expansion to 2996 projects by the end of March 1994. Now the goal (Ninth Five Year Plan ) is universalization of ICDS throughout the country. Beneficiaries : Beneficiaries 1. Children below 6 years 2. Pregnant and lactating women 3. Women in the age group of 15-44 years 4. Adolescent girls in selected blocks Objectives : 1. Improve the nutrition and health status of children in the age group of 0-6 years 2. Lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child 3. Effective coordination and implementation of policy among the various departments 4. Enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutrition needs through proper nutrition and health education. The Package of services provided by ICDS : 1. Supplementary nutrition, Vitamin-A, Iron and Folic Acid 2. Immunization 3. Health check-ups 4. Referral services 5. Treatment of minor illnesses 6. Nutrition and health education to women 7. Pre-school education of children in the age group of 3-6 years 8. Convergence of other supportive services like water supply, sanitation, etc VITAMIN A PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAMME(1970) : Programme launched by Ministry of H&FW Component of National programme for control of blindness.1968,1976 Single massive dose of oily preparation of Vitamin A containing 200000 IU orally to all preschool children in the community every 6 months through peripheral health workers

PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA : Launched by Govt of India during 4th five year plan Distribution of iron and folic acid tablets to pregnant women and young children (1-12 years MCH centers and ICDS projects implement this programme SCHEME FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLS (KISHORI SHAKTI YOJNA) : A scheme for adolescent girls in ICDs was launched by the Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development in 1991. Targeted all adolescent girls in the age group of 11-18 years SCHEME FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLS (KISHORI SHAKTI YOJNA) : Common services 1. Watch over menarche, 2. Immunization 3. General health check-ups once in every six-month 4. Training for minor ailments 5. De-worming 6. Prophylactic measures against anemia, goiter, vitamin deficiency, etc. 7. Referral to PHC. District hospital in case of acute need. IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER PROGRAMME : Launched in 1962 Focuses on Use of Iodized Salt Replace of common salt with iodized salt, Cheapest method to control IDD Use of Iodized tablets iodine tablets administered to school children (not widely accepted) Use of Iodized oil 1ml Injection of Iodized oil to those suffering from IDD, Oral administration as prophylaxis in IDD severe areas Mass communication Public awareness through mass media and public health programmes MID-DAY MEAL PROGRAMME : MID-DAY MEAL PROGRAMME Also known as School lunch programme in operation since 1961 Objective to attract more children for admission to schools Principles of Mid Day Meal programme : Principles of Mid Day Meal programme The meal should be supplement and not a substitute to home diet. The meal should supply at least one third of the total energy requirement and half of the protein needed The cost of meal should be reasonably low. The Meal should be prepared easily in schools, no complicating cooking procedures involved Locally available foods should be used The menu should be frequently changed Mid Day Meal programme Recommendations : Mid Day Meal programme Recommendations Cereals 75gm/day/child Pulses 30 Oils and fats 8 Leafy vegetables 30 Non leafy vegetables 30

BALWADI NUTRITION PROGRAMME :

Nutritional support to preschool children Started on 1970 Under the Department of Social welfare For children age group 3-6 years in rural areas Programme implemented through Balwadis Food supplement 300kcal and 10grams of protein per child per day NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR NUTRITION SUPPORT TO PRIMARY EDUCATION This system was called provision of dry rations. Government of India will provide grains free of cost and the States will provide the costs of other ingredients, salaries and infrastructure On November 28, 2001 the Supreme Court of India gave direction that made it mandatory for the state governments to provide cooked meals instead of dry rations AKSHAYA PATRA AND PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN MID-DAY MEALS Successfully involved private sector participation in the programme The programme is managed with an ultra modern centralized kitchen that is run through a public/private partnership. Food is delivered to schools in sealed and heat retaining containers just before the lunch break every day EMERGENCY FEEDING PROGRAMME 2001 : This was introduced in May, 2001 in selected states (Orissa) Emergency Feeding Programme, is a food-based intervention targeted for old, infirm and destitute persons belonging to BPL households to provide them food security in their distress conditions. Cooked food containing, rice- 200gms, Dal (pulse)- 40 gms, vegetables- 30 gms is provided in the diet of each EFP beneficiary daily by the Government. VILLAGE GRAIN BANKS SCHEME: Implemented by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to provide safeguard against starvation during the period of natural calamity or during lean season when the marginalized food insecure households do not have sufficient resources to purchase rations. WHEAT BASED NUTRITION PROGRAMME (WBNP) : Implemented by the Ministry of Women & Child Development providing nutritious/ energy food to children below 6 years of age and expectant /lactating women from disadvantaged sections Implemented through ICDS SC/ST/OBC HOSTELS : Introduced in October, 1994 by Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public The residents of the hostels having 2/3rd students belonging to SC/ST/OBC are eligible to get 15 kg food grains per resident per month. SAMPOORNA GRAMIN ROZGAR YOJANA : 50 lakh tones of food grains is to be allotted to the States/UTs free of cost by Ministry of Rural Development NATIONAL FOOD FOR WORK PROGRAMME : To provide supplementary wage employment and food security Implemented in tribal belts. The scheme will provide 100 days of employment at minimum wages for at least one able-bodied person from each household in the country

GRAIN BANK SCHEME : Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution to establish Grain Banks in chronically food scarce areas.

PULSE MISSION : Pulse production has been stagnant for five decades. Pulse Mission (Indias Food Security Mission) aimed at increasing pulse production. Aimed to improve pulse production by 2 million tones by2011-12 NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAMME : Launched in 1954 Provide safe water supply and adequate drainage facilities for the entire urban and rural population of the country MINIMUM NEEDS PROGRAMME: Launched on 1974 Objective To provide basic minimum needs and thereby improve the living standards of people It Includes Rural Health Rural water Supply Rural electrification Elementary education Adult education Nutrition Environmental improvement of urban slums House for landless laborers 20 POINT PROGRAMME 1975 : Objectives: Eradication of poverty, raising productivity, reducing inequality, improving quality of life. NATIONAL CHILDREN'S FUND 1979 This Fund Provides, support to the voluntary organizations that help the welfare of children. National Plan of Action for Children1990 United Nations Children's Fund National Rural Health Mission2005-2012: Reduce the infant mortality rate (IMR) and the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) To have universal access to public health services Prevent and control both communicable and non-communicable diseases, including locally endemic diseases To have access to integrated comprehensive primary healthcare Create population stabilization, as well as gender and demographic balance Revitalize local health traditions and mainstream AYUSH Finally, to promote healthy life styles INDIRECT PROGRAMMES : INDIRECT PROGRAMMES NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL PROGRAMME 1975-76 NATIONAL DIABETES CONTROL PROGRAMME POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROTECTED WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMME LITERACY PROGRAMME