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1. Babys Nine Month Development Journal 2. Babys Birth Announcement 3. Babys Birth Certificate 4. Babys Karyotype Sheet 5. Karyotype questions 6. Doctors Letter 7. Genetic Disorder Report 8. Special Needs Letter 9. Completed Parent Information Sheets for both parents 10. Completed Zygote Information Sheet 11. Babys First Portrait 12. Babys Genetics Problems Set
Karyotyping A karyotype is a picture of the chromosomes found in cells. These cells have been allowed to grow in culture, and then their growth is arrested at metaphase, when the chromosomes are most visible. These chromosomes are then photographed, and pairs made according to size and banding pattern. They are then arranged in order from largest to smallest. They are grouped with chromosomes of similar size and banding pattern and a picture of them is made that looks like this one:
From this picture, a doctor or geneticist can determine what the persons sex is, and whether or not there are any apparent chromosomal abnormalities such as a deletion, translocation or duplication. Obtaining cells for fetal karyotyping is done using a procedure known as amniocentesis. During an amniocentesis, a needle is used to penetrate the mothers uterus and a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the amniotic sac. Fetal skin cells are found in the fluid. The fluid is centrifuged and the cells separated from the liquid, removed and cultured as described above. For the first part of this activity, you and your partner will be given a chromosome smear of your baby. You will then construct a karyotype from the chromosome smear, which will help you determine the sex of your child. Karyotyping Procedure 1. Get a chromosome smear and karyotyping form from your teacher. There should only be one smear and form per pair of students. 2. Using a pair of scissors, cut out each chromosome, leaving only a small margin around each one. Your karyotype must be neat and clean looking when it is finished, and this will help ensure that it will be professional looking and easy to read. 3. Together, you and your partner need to match up the chromosomes you cut out based on their size and banding patterns. You need to arrange them so that they look somewhat like the example given above. Your karyotype may have extra chromosomes, or it may have some missing. It will depend on which smear you and your partner have picked out. 4. Carefully tape down the chromosome pairs to their appropriate spot on the karyotyping sheet. Use the grouping descriptions on the karyotyping sheet to help you place the chromosomes into the correct groups. Chromosomes should be laid down so that their centromeres are centered on the line above the pair number and they should be laid down neatly before being taped down. DO NOT TAPE DOWN CHROMOSOMES UNTIL YOU ARE CONFIDENT THAT THEY BELONG TOGETHER AND THAT THEY ARE IN THE CORRECT ORDER! 5. When you are done, determine the sex of your child from the karyotype you have created. Record this information on your karyotyping form. Also note if there are
from http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/zooweb/Phelps/ZWK99004k.jpeg
any chromosomal abnormalities. Be sure to do a good job, as this not only counts as a part of your test grade but will count as a lab grade as well. If your child DOES have a chromosomal abnormality You will need to do a little research about your childs disorder so that you can adequately prepare for any special needs your child may have upon his/her arrival. You will need to fill out the Genetic Disorders Report and attach it to your project. You will also need to prepare a letter addressed to one of the following people: 1. Home health aide/home health nurse 2. Preschool teacher 3. School teacher (K-12)
To whom you address your letter to will depend on the life span of your child. For genetic disorders which are not immediately fatal, you may choose any one of the three people above to write to. In the body of the letter, you need to explain the following to this person: 1. What your childs disorder is 2. How this disorder affects your childs quality of life 3. Any medical treatment your child may need to have administered while in the care of this person (i.e., medications given, specialized diet, therapeutic treatments) 4. If the child is able to, and attends school, any symptoms the child may demonstrate that will affect their ability to function in a learning environment 5. If the child is able to, and attends school, any sort of accommodations that must be made in order to make your childs learning experience a positive and productive one This letter must be typed and written with a professional tone. It must be at least one page in length with an appropriate salutation and closing. If your child DOES NOT have a chromosomal abnormality You will receive a letter from the doctors office informing you as to what your childs disorder is. Then you will also need to do a little research about your childs disorder so that you can adequately prepare for any special needs your child may have upon his/her arrival. You will need to fill out the Genetic Disorders Report and attach it to your project. You will also have to write the letter as described above. Now Heres the Genetics: Day Two Now that you know what the sex of your child is, and what any possible chromosomal defects might be, you and your partner will deliver your baby in class, without the pain or mess. To do this, you will need to do the following: 1. Between the two of you, decide who will represent the father and who will represent the mother. 2. Get a blue cup and mark it as sperm and get a red cup and mark it as egg. 3. The mother partner should get a pink chromosome sheet and the father partner should pick up a blue chromosome sheet. 4. Using the Human Phenotype and Genotype guide, each parent should determine their own phenotypes for their physical characteristics. a. NOTE #1: You need to use your natural eye and hair color when attempting to determine your phenotype for these characteristics. b. NOTE #2: If you are dominant for a trait, then flip a coin to determine if you are heterozygous or homozygous for that trait. 5. On the appropriate Parent Information sheet, in the spaces provided, you need to write down what your phenotype and genotype are for each trait. 6. Now, using the appropriate chromosome model sheet, write down the alleles for each genotype in the gene spaces provided on the model. 7. Cut out the chromosomes. Cut along the dashed lines to separate the genes from one another and place them into the cup which represents you.
8. Now, both parents will randomly draw genes from their cups and place them on the zygote sheet to create a complete zygote. Tape the genes to the appropriate chromosome space on the zygote sheet. This now represents a diploid pair of chromosomes present in the fertilized egg, or zygote. 9. Fill out the birth certificate and birth announcement for your child. Give your child a name, because the baby cant go home from the hospital without one!
Determining Childs Blood Type Recall that the major blood groups are: A B AB O You will now determine the blood type of your baby. You will need two different coins in order to perform this activity. NOTE: 1. Heads on coin #1 is the A allele; tails on coin #1 is the O allele. 2. Heads on coin #2 is the B allele; tails on coin #2 is the O allele. Flip both coins to determine your childs blood type and write it in the space provided on the zygote sheet. Babys First Portrait Using the information you have collected, you and your partner will need to construct a portrait of your child which reflects the phenotypes from the genotypes you determined in the lab. It should be accurate and in color. Use the space provided to draw your babys portrait. A head and shoulders shot (bust) of the baby will suffice. The portrait must be large enough to be seen at a good distance. In other words, do not draw a tiny baby head! Also, no stick drawings of your child will be acceptable, as this does not reflect the phenotypes your baby will possess. Baby Genetics Problems You may work with your partner to solve the genetics problems attached but you must use YOUR OWN GENOTYPE when solving the problems. Therefore, when this project is turned in, you will turn in two sets of solved genetics problems, not just one. What Gets Turned In and How Here is what you will turn in and in what order and how: How: In a folder with brads (not a report cover; things will fall out and get lost) Make sure that whatever is required to be typed is typed. Anything that is handwritten must be NEATLY WRITTEN.
What Order Should it be in the Folder? Page 1. Cover Sheet Page 2. Table of Contents Page 3. Babys Nine Month Development Journal Page 4. Babys Delivery Journal Page 5. Baby Shower Party Plans Page 6. Babys Birth Announcement Page 7. Birth Certificate (neatly handwritten) Page 8. Babys Karyotype Sheet (neatly handwritten) Page 9. Karyotyping Questions (both parents answer these) Page 10. Doctors Letter given to you in class by Mrs. Berkeley Page 11. Genetic Disorder Report Page 12. Special Needs Letter Page 13. Completed Parent Information Sheet for Father Page 14. Completed Parent Information Sheet for Mother Page 15. Completed Zygote Information Sheet with blood type Page 16. Babys First Portrait Page 17. Babys Genetics Problems (there should be two sets, completed by each parent.)
Our
AP Biology Baby
Was conceived: August 18, 2008 Was born: May 11, 2009
Name Here
Table of Contents . Babys 1st Month Page 3 Babys 2nd Month . Page 4 Babys 3rd Month . Page 5 Babys 4th Month .. Page 6 Babys 5th Month .. Page 7 Babys 6th Month .. Page 8 Babys 7th Month .. Page 9 Babys 8th Month .. Page 10 Babys 9th Month .. Page 11 Babys Delivery Journal Page 12 Babys Shower Party.. Page 13 Babys Birth Announcement Page 14 Birth Certificate . Page 15 Karyotyping Form .. Page 16 Karyotyping Questions . Page 17 Doctors Letter Page 18 Genetic Disorder Report Page 19 Special Needs Letter . Page 20 Parent Information Sheets Page 21 Zygote Information Sheet Page 22 Babys First Portrait .. Page 23 Babys Genetics Problems Set Page 24
Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.
If a boy, what are 3 possible baby names? If a girl, what are 3 possible baby names?
Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.
READING
Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.
READING
Campbell pp. 967-968; Nine Month Miracle handout
Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.
READING
Campbell pp. 274-275; Nine Month Miracle handout
Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.
READING
Campbell pp. 970-972; Nine Month Miracle handout
Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.
Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.
Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.
READING
Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.
What are some ways that the process of birth may need to be assisted and why would they be used?
Your pair must come up with one (1) baby shower game to be played on the date of the delivery. List that game here:
BIRTH ANNOUNCEMENT
Our new babys name is _________________________. _____________________ was born on Monday, May 11, 2009 at Torrance Memorial Hospital at 6:47 pm. __________________________ weighed __________________ and is
(babys name here) weight, in pounds and ounces
2. Sex
3b. if twin or triplet, this 4a. Date of birth child born 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc?
4b. Time:
1:45 pm
5c. Inside city limits?
PLACE OF BIRTH
Presbyterian Hospital
5d. City or Town 6a. Mothers first name 7a. Residence of Mother
Riverdale
MOTHER OF CHILD
Prince Georges
8b. Fathers last name
Yes
8c. Birthplace
Prince Georges
Yes
10b. Physicians Maryland License Number:
10a. Physician (or other person who attended this birth) Signature, Degree, and title Dawn L. Berkeley, MD
11.
Local registrarSignature
Karyotyping Form
_________ 1
_________ 2
_________ 3
_________ 4
_________ 5
_________ 6
_________ 7
_________ 8
_________ 9
_________ 10
_________ 11
_________ 12
_________ 13
_________ 14
_________ 15
_________ 16
_________ 17
_________ 18
Group D: Medium length chromosomes; centromeres at or near very end _________ 19 _________ 20 _________ 21
_________ 22
_________ X
_________ Y
Sex Chromosomes
Number of Chromosomes: _______________ Sex of Subject: ______________ Type of Disorder (if any):_____________________________
Karyotyping Questions
These questions plus your completed karyotype also count as a lab gradebe thorough in your answers! You should not have the exact same answers as your partner. Doing so will result in a zero for this assignment. 1. What diagnostic procedure is done to obtain cells for karyotyping of a fetus? Describe the procedure here. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _______ 2. Why would a doctor perform an amniocentesis? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 3. What is a trisomy? What is a monosomy? What causes these chromosomal aberrations to occur? During what cellular process do they occur? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _______ 4. Name two chromosomal abnormalities that can be diagnosed from a karyotype. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ ____
Parents of Newborn 6001 Good Luck Road Riverdale, MD 20737 Dear Sir or Madam: We would like to thank you for your recent visit to our office. Unfortunately, upon your recent visit, we discovered some abnormalities with your childs lab work. After some preliminary post natal blood tests and careful observation, we believe that your child may have the following genetic abnormality: ___________________. We would like to see you and your child in our office as soon as possible for further tests, including a genetic profile. This will enable us to provide you with a more clear diagnosis as well as explore possible treatment options. We will also set up a meeting with our clinics genetic counselor, so that they can explain to you more about your childs condition. Please contact our office at your earliest convenience. Our office phone number is 301432-5377. Our secretary will graciously make an appointment that is most convenient for you. Yours truly,
Parent
Chromosome 1
Face shape
Chromosome 2
Face shape
Hairline
Hairline
Hair type
Hair type
Eyebrow type
Eyebrow type
Eyebrow shape
Eyebrow shape
Eye spacing
Eye spacing
Eye slant
Eye slant
Eyelashes
Eyelashes
Nose shape
Nose shape
Lips
Lips
Ears
Ears
Eye Set
Eye Set
determine it since you do not know the natural hair color of your childs new spouse. After speaking with and observing your new in-laws, you have been informed that your childs new spouse has a natural hair color of brownish blonde. What are the possible genotypes of your in-laws that could have produced this genotype in your new daughter-in-law /son-in-law?
Sex-linked Traits 1. Your father was a hemophiliac and your mother had normal blood clotting and was not a carrier for the hemophilia trait. What does this make your genotype for this trait? Both partners in this project must determine their genotype for this question, as the information gathered here will be used in the next question. 2. Once you have determined your genotype for the hemophilia trait, construct a Punnett square that shows the potential genotypes for your child for this trait. 3. Assume that your child possesses the normal blood clotting trait, and is not a carrier for the trait. What is the probability of your child and his/her new spouse having a child with hemophilia if the spouse is a hemophiliac themselves? 4. Your child was diagnosed as being colorblind back in elementary school because they had trouble seeing the colors red and green. Your new daughter-in-law /sonin-law has normal color vision, but they have a father who is color blind and a mother with normal color vision who is a carrier for the colorblindness trait since her father was colorblind as well. What is the genotype of your new daughter-inlaw /son-in-law? What are the genotypes of your daughter-in-law/son-in-laws parents? What is the probability that any one of your grandchildren will be colorblind?
Our