"if'o'T$3"

H" R.4286

To csblish nationl spacc anil aronautics policy, and for other purposes

IN THE I{OUSE ON' REPRESENT.4.TI\IES

Ju,v 28, 1981 Mr. Grxcnror (for himself, Mr. Errnav, Mr. Donta of Clifornia, Mr' \{nru, Mrr. .Dontrxsrc, Mr. Munrrl, Mr. I'r'llox, lvlr. Wurrrnsr, l{' YarnoN, Mr, X'onsrrno, Mr. Iloe, trf. Jpnms, Itfr. Doucnlnrr, and l,{. l\tr,soi inlroduced thc following bill; which ws referreil lo thc Committce on Scicnce and TechnologY

. BTLL
To establish a n&tion,I spece g,ntl a,erona,utics policy, antl for other urPoscs.

L Be it encted by the Sennte and, Eote of Eepresenl2 titxs of the [Inited, States of Amcrin in Congrcss senlbld,
3
5 6
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Tht this Act may be cited

0,s

the "National Space antl Aero-

4 na,utics Policy Act of 1981r'.

TITI,E I*DECI,ARATION OF POIJCY

FINDINGS
-

Seo. 101. The Congress finils and tloclares that:

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1

(1) The ectivities of the Uniteal ,States related to

the explorations, utiliztion, a.nil scientific stuily of tho

spa.ce enviro1mqrrt have vastly ,,inpeaseil

our

knory-

4
5 6
7

edge of the Eath,i'its history, its rsources, anil their

futue linitations. (2) The scientific ancl technical aclvancements rsulting from the acivities of the Uniteil States in spaco

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11

and aeronautics are contributing

in

ever-increasihg

ways to the improvoment of lifc on Earth, particularly

in the rreas of heo,lth, etlucation, footl protluction, envirnment, protective resource uiilization,
tlefense,

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13

energy protluction antl conscrv&tion, communicatons,

transportation, antl protection from natural hazartls.

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75 16

(3) The retrenchmnt of United States space antl

aeronautical acivities sincc the early 19?0's has resuted in a sorious theat to ou economic progress, our

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national clefense, ancl to ou oaorship role in the establishment of the facilities of our civilization

in

space.

19

(4)

In

recont years, the Nation's civilian space

20

progra,m has sufferetl

for its lack of: an

open-entled

2l
22 oq

series of connecteil long-rango goals. An appropriate

first step would be the tlesign, tlevelopment, antl

struction of a permanent, mannecl, mutipu4rose
operations center in low Earth orbit.

con-

24

H- IL 4286-th

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(5) The Unitetl Staes is facetl incrcasingly with

competition in the economics of 'space, and this compe-

tition poses a tangible commercia challenge to American industry antl government.

(6) The measuretl acceleration of

space and aeronautics activiies

well-manage

il

6
I

by the United States,

a,nal

State and loca governments, public

priva.te institu-

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11 L2

tions, and industry wili further beno{it the Nation far

exceecling the cost of such actir,-ities.

(?)

strong and vibrant United Sttes civiian

sp,ce program

will, in atltlition to

provicling many

other important benfics, do as much to enhance the Nation's security as a necessarily strong and military space progr,m.
sepa,ra,te

13 L4

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16

(8) The future potential of automated

satellites

which ,collect antl distribute many kintls of information

rouncl the,arth inctude major iiirprovements
:

77 18
19.

in

tele-

comrnunications, weather antl ocean forecasting ariil rnonitoring, natural hazaril preilictions, Earth resources
sensing" antl. communiotion, services.

20
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(9) The activities of the United Stites in the

space environment hve tlemonstratetl the great poten-

,.)
9e
9./1

tial for the beneficial application of weightlessness; infinite .volumes of vacuum antl the orbital view of the Earth, Sun, and stars.

I
2

(10) The future potential of pormancnt mnod

antl automateil facilities in orbit arountl the Eath inclutlo thoso aspects of our civiization that provide for
roseo,rch, eilucation, powor protluctioir, manufacuring,

and health care.

6
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(11) Tho continued exploration. anil uiization of the solar sysem, inoluding the Moon antl Mars; is m,,portant to presont antl future generations of Americans

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and should be.a long-term goal of lhe United Stetes

spce progra,m.

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(12) The future sp*ce antl eronautical activities

.of the Uniteil States must be sustainetl by a variety of

interrelated research, development, antl demonstratiop progrems which create the knowledge anil capability
necessary to mintin leaderqhip in such activities.

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(13) The futue spaco antl aeronautical actii'ities

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18 19

of the Uniteit States must encourage he coperativo

paricipation of commercial, institutional, antl interna. tionl interests

in all

appropriato unclerta.kings, antl

20

that these activities provide new oiportunities for international cooperation in the ea,lization of benefits for ll mankind.

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(14)

It

is in the national interest to establish

United States space anil aeronautics policy directed

toward the creation

of-

tI. rL 4286-th

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( a worlil information

system iluring the

1980's that coulil consist of permanent, generally

self.financing services

in

telecommunications,

weather antl ocen forecasting, Earth resources sensing, communications services, and natural
ha.zartl pretlictions;

6 7

(B) orbitt faciities during the 19901s that

coultl conqist of permanent, generally self-financ-

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10

ing facilities for research, etlucation, power production manufacturing, anal hea,lth: care;

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13

(C)

solar system exploration capability

during the'first clecatle of the tweny-first century

which provides
mannetl missiorts.,
,:

the r optins

for Moon

bases,

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to Mars, a

Moon settlement,

manned, missions'' to lYenus, anC

a Mars settle-

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(D) space technology.';ilevelopment necessry

to. support the

worlil informstion systems, orbital

facilities anil solar system exploration as set for.Jh

20

in subparagraphs (, (B), antl (C);

'

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qc)

, (E) space research and applicatiors orl.:8,

grdualty accelerating. basis

plantitary sciences,

23

basic space sciencos, a,stronomy' .solar sciences,

and engin eering; antl

24

H. IL 4286-rh

I
.)
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@) aeronautical technology development nec-

cssary
.

to

support gcneral and commorcial avi-

ation, rotorcraft, alternative fubls for aircraft propulsion, ancl appropriate new flight concepfs.
PU&POS

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5

6
.

Sec. 102. f is the purpose of this Act to establish a

,ancl aeronutics poliiry

7, comprensive national civilian;spacc

I'.ihat will provide the .frmework for a wold 10

information

9. systm, Drth orlif,al ,facilities, exploria.tion of the solar

sysem, anrlthe developrnent of other space and aeronautioal to: presorve and expantl the leadership;of
spae'

J"l activities in order

19i' ihe Unlte'drStats
13

in

and aernautics,

) TITI-,D! II-+NATIONI

SPACE,AND AIRONAUTIOS

.14.,

[$;.r,r'ATroNt..bn^"u

AN:'.anrioNlluTrcs Porrrcy

16

Snc. 201. The Congress declares that the United Stts

spbe

f,?.',is conimitedito"he':xpansion of'the peaceful use of

trEt:iail atniospherio;,elvronrnents for tho:benefit of the Natih

.19 anil of all rmankind antl pursuant thereto ostablishes the fol-

20
'2L

lowing national rpaco antl apronauties.pr,inciples:

' I ;(I) The, Uditerl' States,i,

cormitted to the poac':

on'-

22

fu or.ptnslon,of the benefits of fre irtstitutions antl

terprises'basod on free, insitutions into space,.

23

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(2) The Unitetl States is commitecl to the peace-

2
if

ful use of the envionments of

phere.

space ntl the atmos-

4
5

(S) The Unitecl States is oommittetl to the alloca-

tions of an appropriate ' antl oonsistent fraction of its

gross national protluct to tho tlevelopment of space and a,eronauticl capabilities antl to the support of appropri-

6
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9 10
11

ate sustainecl aitivities in space antl the atmosphere.

(a) The Unitod States is committed to the estabIishment of tlircction and continuity in space and aero-

nautical policy

for

pesent and future generations,

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13

while maintaining the necess&ry flexibility to ensure that new scientific tlevelopments can appropriately influence this policy. (5) The United States is committetl to a space hd

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16

aeronautics poicy that

'

is rliroctetl tovard the allevi-

yl
18

:a'tion

,of the major human atlvorsities of hunger, tlis-

ease, poverty; ignorance, and war'

19'
20,

(6) The United States is committod to a space dnrl a.eronautics policy,

','

that integrates budgetary

require-

21

:ments betrueen

all elments of tho policy,

ancl betwoUn

22:.!,,:r 23

participants in ''governmental, private; antl international rolatetl activities. (?)

24
0

he United

States is committed to the encoui-

agement antl continuetl establishment,

to the maximum

II. R. 4286-ih

I extent praics,ble, of self.finanoing, non_n edera,l, .ce_ 2 dentc, or commeroial enterprises in spaco and aeronau_ 3 tics. (B) The United States is committed 4 to the expan_ ' 5 sion of scientific knowled.ge and rvisclom through the 6 utiization of space,and a.eronautical resources ncl ca_ 7 pabilities. (9) The Unid Sates is comrnitted to the widest I 9 transfer of space.and eronaulical technologies on a 10 national ancl inernational basis. (10) The Unitoil States is committod to ,the rans_ 11 L2 fer, by appropriae antl imely means, of mature, oper_ 13 ational Federal spacie ancl aeronautics programs and 14 technology sysms to the private sector, while main_ 15 iaining signifiqant Fetleral advoncocl research and de_ 16 ,, volopment in hese technology progra,m .reas. 17 (1I) The Unitsd Sttes is committed 0, the main_ '18 tenance a,nil expansion of its world lea.ilership in space 19 arl aeronautical tecbnology as a pr{ncipal means of in_ 20 , suing the free worlil ooonomic and politioal strength: 2L (12) The United.states recooires that,the faili_ 22,' ,.!ios,, bases, of settlements of any naion or internation23 al organization are the property of such nation or in24 ternational organizaton ond have the right of passago 25 tbrough etrd opera,tions.in spaco without interforence,

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anal

that purposeful infeference with such

systems

2
I

shtl be viewecl as an infringemenf, on

sovere rhts.

(13) The United States is commifed o conduct-

4
5

ing cooperative internationl space acivities that pro_ vide econoinic, scienific, echnological, political, anil
ofher benefits to the United States and manliincl. (1+

6
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B

1"

United States is committed to conduct_

ing nationol and ihtcrnational activitios in space with

the maximum possible altenf;ion given to thc safety of
participants

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in

thaf, activity, the safety of people and

facilities on Earth, the cfficieni use of the common

heritager rosoucos
he proteotion of

t2 t3 t4

of

space and the atmosphere, and

the.terrestrial, atmospheric, and space

envronmon"

it

Snc.202. The Congross dcclares that

he United States

i16 is commited to the oxpansicn of froe pooplo and free institu-

LI tions inlo
I,8 i19
I

space:

, TTTLE Itr_PBOGRM
Sec. 01. To assure the ,tinly a.chievement of tho
policy and prrpole of this .A.ct, the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration,

120

21
:

in

cooperation

with appropliate

pri_

i22 va,te, governinenta.l, end international groups, shall pursuo

23
124

aggressive . research,,' systems clovelopment, and demonstra_

tion in sparo and aronautics scisnoe ond echnology. Such

H. rL {286-rh

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activities coulcl include, but not be limited to, the following

2 integrated progra,ms:

(1) The creation of an operational world inJorma-

4
.5

tion system by the year 1990 that woud inclucle, but

not be limifod to, the following elemeis:

6
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B

(A) an expaniletl telecommunications network

hat makes mamum efficient use'of the frequen-

cy. a,nl orbital position rcsources

space;'

in near Dath

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11 L2
18,

(3)

e,n expanclotl wclher and ,oceans fore-

casting and monitoring network that provides all peoples

with short.term

a,ssista,nce

in

preparing

for weather. ncl ocean phenomena antl protection

from natural hazartls;

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(O) an,'operational Drth resources monitor-

16

ing system that collects anil makes available tlata

neccssa,ry for maximum cfficien'and environmon-

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18

telly

sound ,utilization

bf natural anil agricultural

19

resourceb: on.Earth; antl

20.

() .an ,orpantleil comnunicdtions

ervi

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22.,

system thaf: :rLaximizes benefit. available from

a,rth:oibiting' s atllites.

28, 2+,
o

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: (2) llhe;daveloment:of the basicfailities'and sbi-

, lenific and,,teohnological capabilities' by,rhe

year 2000

necessa,ry o cre,to space facilities supportive

of

our

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rzg6-th

'

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terresrial civilization which couid iclude, but nof be

limited o, the following eleinons-

(A) rsearch in basic science and ehgincering

4
5 6
7

' .

that makes use of ths unique characterisl,ics of the

spa,ce environment;

'

(B) education irt sciplines that can

benefi

from instuction, iantL rsearch in.the spacc environment and wlth the space perspeotive; (C) spare polrier availability sufficient to sup-

.B
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11

port the inorbit requirements f other facilities;

L2 19

unique craracteristics of the rpace environment;

: ;r::', (E) health caro'that,makes

use of thc unique

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physiological and psychological charateristics,of

.human lteings in the space environment;

16

. . :
:

(F) an environmentally aoceptable space

to

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:Earth pov.'ei capability that is oconomically com-'

. : ' potitive with powor goneraion on Earth; and

(G) space participation opportunities for as
"btoad e spectrum of hrrman beings as possible. i
(3) The dovelopment of ,sciutific enal technolog!-.
, cal' capabilities ,by' the

20:

2t
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o

yoar,90!0'.to unileiqake further

solar system exploration by marikinil.

24 2

(4) The coorclinaterl devolopment of

economica

and reliable scientific and technological capabilities

H.

R {286-th

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to carry out thc progrems defined by pa.ragraphs 301 (, (2), and (9) which wourl include, bu
ecessa.ry

not be limitcd to, he following element

s:

4
.5
6
7

() Earth o nea-Earth spsce trensporta,tion

systems;

() modern hbitaion a.ntl /ork units nocos'

sary to construct orbitl facilif,ies;

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11

(C) high power production and l.ransmission.

syscms for use in orbi and from orbit;

(D) large spa.oe gfructures;

. (E) large mutipurpose

,

plaforms

in

tow

72.
1B

Darth orbit;

@ large cupanity Earh to orbit booster

toms;

sy-

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(G) reusable orbit-to-orbil,, ransfer vehiclo to

ca,rry manod enl unma.nied payloads botwe tow Iia,rth and geosynabronous orbif,;

16

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18
:

(60 Eah, to Moon,ad return transportetion

sysom;

19

20

( doop spaco boostor syotem fe

solar systom exploration; and
'.

mannd

21,
'22: 28

( planotary suface struciures for habittiol

antl work.

IL R' {286-ttr

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(5) The establis'hment and maintenance of research and applicaion programs that would include,

but no be l;mi o, activities in he following arees:

() planetary scinces;

4
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a

@) basic space sciences, including physics,

chemistry, anl biology;
(C) astronomy antl astrophysics;

(D) solar sciencos; and

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@) cngineering.

(6) The establishmen ancl mainenanco of

aero_

nauticl ochnology prograrns essentil to maintain and

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enance United Sttes preeminence in the

des,

op_

eratioh, and manufafue of aircraf; Such programs

should include, bu not be limitod
bsic and applied reserch

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to

systems

des;

in

aerodJmamics, materials,

structules, propulsion, and manufacuring techniques;

the sfudy and simulation of operational concepts;

end

he design, procurement, and operation of experimental

aircraft in the field.s

of-

20

(A) goneral aviation;

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2

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(B) commercial aviation, incluiling commuer

aircra.ft;

(C) rotora.ft;

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(D) alternae fuels for aicraft

propulsion;

H. R. {286-t

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(E) new flight concepts af; he froniers of

aviaf;ion f;echnology. THIII'Y-T-ET' POI,ICY GO.AIS

4
5.

Spc. 302. The Adninistrator of the National Aeronautics and Space .A.dministration, together with the Director of

6 the Office
7

of Science and Technology Policy, and after con-

sultation with appropriate n'ederal B,gencies, shall develop

and submit to'the Congress for review anil comment no late

I I

than one hundred and eighty days after enactment of this

10 .Lat, '

preliminary five-year progrB,m including proposetl

11 annual funding .roquirements and a detailed research and de-

t2 vclopmcnl schedulc. No lalcr fhan

13

one ycar

aftcr thc dal,e of

onaptment of the ..ct, the .dministrator shall submit a final

.8,

L4 fivc-year progrm,

ten-yea,r plan, anil a thirty-year policy

15 .goals" Status reports and revisions to the program, plan, antl 16 policy goals shall be submitted to the Congress on an annual

lt

basis

in conjunction with the submission of budget request

with the thid fiscal year after enactdent of this

18 beginning 19 Act.

20 2L

.A.UTHOBIZATION FOB A.PPBOP&IATIONB

Sec. 303. Beginaing with the third fiscal year beginAct

22 ning a.fer the ilate of its enactment, the provisions of this

23

shall be the general basis for, authorizations of furds for the

.

24: National

.Aeronutics antl Space .A.dministration consisfnt

H. B- f 286-th

1 with the provisions of the National

Aeronautics and Space

2 Act oI 1958. 3 TITLE TV-GOYERNMDNT OF SPACD 4 T]!,RRITORITS coNsrrrurroNAr PRoTECTToN 5 Snc. 401. All persons residing in any community in 6 7 space organizeri under tho a,uthority and flag of the United.
B
States shall be entitlod to the protection of the Constitution

9 of the United States. 10 sprrn covDRNMDNT 11 Snc. 402. Whenever any such community
13 14
16

shall have

12 acquired twenty thousanil inhabitants, on giving ilue proof

thereof to Congress, they shall receive from Congress authoriy with appointmcnt of time ancl ploco to call a convention of
ancl

15 representatives to establish a permanent constitution

government {or themselves. DMrssroN To srTrrooD

L7 18
20 22

Sec. 403" Whenever any such community shall have as

leas

19 many inhabitants as shall then be in any one of the

numerous of the United States such community shall be ad-

21 mitted a,s e Stte into the Congress of the Uniteil States on

an equal footing with he original States.