AR-664 INFRATRUCTURE PLANNING

REPORT ON

INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITION OF DEHRADUN

SUBMITTED TO: P R O F. R . S H A N K A R

SUBMITTED BY: S U P R I YA G I ROT I MURP-I 11511018

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE

PART I

ABOUT DEHRADUN

REGIONAL SETTING 2

GENERAL INFORMATION

Area : Altitude :

300 sq km. 960 m.

ACCESSIBILITY

Air :

The nearest airport is Jolly Grant, 24 km from Dehradun city.

Railway station is at Dehradun. ISBT at 8 km from the city. Dehradun is connected to other parts of India with a wide network of road and rail routes. Auto rickshaws, taxis, vikrams, buses.

Rail : Bus:

Road :

Local modes of Transport:

ACCESSIBILITY 3

PHYSICAL GROWTH AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT:

There are major issues of overcrowding and haphazard growth, congestion in core city area, unexplained changes in land uses, lack of developed land for affordable housing and non-conforming land uses in both core city and newly developed areas. Coupled with this, there are unmet needs of community facilities, eg., wholesale and local markets, slaughter houses and a range of such facilities. Degradation of riverside and lack of public open spaces, sports and recreational facilities are leading to an unsustainable situation.

TRAFFIC CONGESTION

NON-CONFORMING LAND USE

S I T UAT I O N A L A N A LY S I S 4

WATER SUPPLY:
Unequal distribution of water, low pressures, old dilapidated pipelines, uncontrolled zoning and unsatisfactory operation and maintenance requires thorough reorganization and upgradation of this sector.(Earlier 5 bighas of land had one household (4 people) with orchard. Now, the same piece of land has 400 people. Hence, water shortage is a big problem.)

SEWERAGE:
Inadequate coverage of area under sewerage system, disposal of raw sewage into natural water courses has rendered this sector a cause for environmental and health concern; requires immediate intervention and a careful planning with adoption of appropriate technology to take care of environmental concerns.

STORM WATER DRAINAGE:

Although the natural topography of the city helps in gravity drainage, there are pockets of waterlogging; besides, natural drainage courses require rehabilitation, as they are choked with disposed solid waste and encroached upon, particularly by the urban poor.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:

The city has not met its mandatory obligations under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2000 and is burdened with an inefficient collection system, lack of environmentally sound disposal site(s) and uncontrolled dumping at a site by a rivulet. It thus requires immediate and sustained effort to upgrade to a full service level.

S I T UAT I O N A L A N A LY S I S 5

ROADS AND TRANSPORT:

This sector perhaps is the most troubled one with annual vehicular growth reaching an unprecedented rate of 10 percent, congestion and lack of parking spaces are everyday problems citizens face. The extremely narrow roads in the core city area, inadequate traffic management throughout the city and a general lack of proper road hierarchy requires a sustained effort over a period of time to reorganize the road sector.

URBAN POOR:
The city has about 80 poverty pockets or slums, accommodating about 1.2 lakh population, registering an increase of nearly 40 percent over 1991 population. Approximately, 7.6 percent of the poor are families below poverty line (BPL).

SLUMS

S I T UAT I O N A L A N A LY S I S 6

PART II DEHRADUN NAGAR NIGAM (DNN)

Even before its capital city status, Dehradun had been a major urban node in the Garhwal region. After the formation of the Uttarakhand State in 2000, the City has risen to further prominence in politicoadministrative parlance. Different kinds of institutions and organisations, belonging to various levels, are functioning in the city for the provision of infrastructure and services. Broadly, the institutions involved in infrastructure/service provision in the city are: Dehardun Nagar Nigam(commonly known as Dehradun Nagar Nigam) Mussourie-Dehradun Development Authority Uttarakhand Pey Jal Nigam Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan Town and Country Planning Organisation Public Works Department Regional Transport Office Uttarakhand State Electricity Board Uttarakhand Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board Uttarakhand State Urban Development Agency Uttarakhand Transport Corporation Uttarakhand Power Corporation Owing to the fact that Dehradun is the capital city of the state, various state level agencies are operating here and are responsible for some of the major infrastructures/services provision for the city. The responsibility often is limited to the planning, designing and execution of the projects, which are then transferred to the agencies directly responsible for the provision of infrastructure facilities.

DEHRADUN WARD MAP (60 WARDS)

INSTITUTIONS I N VO LV E D I N INFRASTRUCTURE
8

Nagar Nigam Functions The functions of DNN are listed in Uttar Pradesh Nagar Nigam Act, 1956. It provides for mandatory functions as well as discretionary functions of DNN. The major functions of DNN are: city cleanliness, solid waste management, maintenance of gardens/dividers/circles, street light, bio-medical waste, slaughter house, flood control, encroachment removal, stray cattle management, community toilets, community halls, all storm water and wastewater drainage, parking lots, development works, advertisement, sale of land, house tax, and licensing. Although the act lists water supply and waste water management as ULB responsibilities these have been adopted by the State through Jal Nigam and Jal Sansthan.

FUNCTIONS OF DNN 9

PART III

INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITION OF DEHRADUN

10

WATER SUPPLY
Water for the city was supplied only from surface sources earlier but later ground water sources also started being used to supplement the surface source. The total water supply to the city is 127.05 mld of which 76% (102.51 mld) is supplied from ground water sources while the remaining 24.54 mld is supplied from surface sources. The average per capita supply in the city is 124 lpcd at present. The total water losses amount to 30%. The average duration of supply in the city is 4 hours, twice a day. Based on the socio-economic survey of 1160 households it has been that about 71% of the population in the city is covered by piped water supply. This estimate, or actual position, needs to be obtained from UJS and should not be based on a survey of a small number of households. There are two water treatment plants in the city with a total capacity of 34 mld. The northern part of the city is supplied water through gravity, the central part with gravity and pumping while the southern part is supplied water through pumping. The water supply is operated and maintained in the city by Uttaranchal Jal Sansthan. Large capital works and overall planning is carried out by Uttaranchal Pey Jal Nigam. Unequal intra-city distribution is one of the problems being faced in the city due to which some localities are facing acute water shortage. Deterioration in the quality of water, inefficient network hydraulics, old and dilapidated networks are some of the other major problems related to water supply in the city. (mld= mega litres per day, lpcd = litres per capita per day)

A WOMAN FILLING WATER AT A SLUM AREA IN DEHRADUN.

WAT E R S U P P LY 11

Distribution System Dehradun is broadly divided into three water supply zones; Gravity flow zone, Pumping flow zone and mixed flow zone. The northern part of the town mainly Rajpur Road and localities around it falls under the gravity flow zone, while the southern part of the town including old city area receive water through pumping. The third zone has come into existence which is in between these two zones and can be called as mixed zone where water is supplied through pumping as well as from surface sources.

WAT E R S U P P LY Z O N E S 12

TUBEWELLS, P U M P I N G STAT I O N S 13

Per Capita Water Supply Considering 30% line and production losses the total quantity of water reaching to 5,80,000 population of the town (including a floating population of 35,000) is about 72 MLD. The average per capita supply rate may therefore be assumed as 124 litre per day which is slightly below the norm of 135 lpcd prescribed by the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) of Government of India. The supply rate varies throughout the town.

WAT E R AVA I L A B I L I T Y 14

Majority (90%) of the households have in-house water supply connection. Of the BPL households 63.3 percent and 86.8 percent of the poor have house connection. The number of house connection increases with higher income.

S I T UAT I O N A L A N A LY S I S 15

On an average people from the lower and lower-middle income groups travel less than 50 metres and spend half an hour for collection of drinking water.

S I T UAT I O N A L A N A LY S I S 16

Suggested Interventions to Achieve Sectoral Vision in Water Supply Essential works, along with the immediate needs as estimated by UJS for proper running and maintenance of the water supply system and to cater to the vision of stakeholders up to the year 2036 have been included in this plan after discussions with UJS officers, stakeholders and peoples representatives. The provision of water has been made @ 135 lpcd keeping an allowance of 15% for wastage. Sourceworks In order to meet the demand on the above basis it is suggested to continue with the present source i.e. Tubewells until the year 2036. The suggested areas for the proposed Tubewells upto 2021 (i.e., Phase 1) are given below.

1. Matawala Bagh 2. Circuit House 3. Sachivalaya 4. Jakhan 5. Trans Bindal 6. Lakhi Bag 7. .Canal Road 8. Kishanpur 9. Chidowali 10. Sahastradhara Road

11. Badrish Colony 12. Trans Bindal 2 Nos. 13. D.L. Road 14. Vijay Colony 15. Curzon Road 16. Tagorevilla 17. Yamuna Colony 18. Khurbuda 19. Jhanda Mohalla 20. Kaonligaon

21. Gandhi Gram 22. Laxman Chowk 23. Patel Nagar24. Green Park 25. Majra Upper 26. Pathribagh 27. Vidya Vihar 28. Rest Camp 29. Race Course 30. Mothrowala 31. Adhoiwala

VISION ( WAT E R S U P P LY ) 17

An ambitious rehaul of the water supply and sewage systems is under way in the state capital.

REPLACEMENT OF WAT E R P I P E L I N ES 18

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The city generates about 200 MT of municipal solid waste per day @ 0.4 kg per capita per day. Primary collection system exists in very few localities of the city and covers only about 5-6% of the citys population. According to Dehradun Nagar Nigam (DNN), 70% of the waste generated is removed daily. The solid waste disposal site (area approx. 4 ha) is located about 7 kms away from the city and is being used for the last 3 years. DNN has identified 15 acres of land located at a distance of 22 kms from the city for future solid waste disposal.

Disposal of Carcass: At present the dead animals are disposed in two places namely Bhandari Bagh and Kargi. These localities are getting populated day by day. Shifting of the carcass disposal site therefore becomes essential to avoid further environmental degradation of these areas. Uttarakhand Government has already taken initiatives by identifying four alternative sites at different locations outside the city limits for future disposal of dead animals.

SWM 19

Institutional Setup Public Health Department (PHD) of DNN is responsible for solid waste management of the city. The Senior Health Officer heads the department and Zonal Sanitary Officers, Chief Sanitary Inspectors, Inspectors and Supervisors support him. DNN has divided the municipal wards into 5 SWM Circles for better management of solid waste.

SWM INSTITUTIONAL SETUP 20

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES 21

Of all the families about 85 percent do not segregate solid waste at source. Segregation is done mainly by the women member of the family. Municipal collection is not uniform in the city. Higher income groups usually appoint private worker for solid waste collection and they pay for this monthly. About 20 percent of the residents burn waste in the locality. Burning is more frequent in BPL localities. Of the households 87 percent sell old newspaper, plastic, glass, bottles, etc.

A solid waste disposal site

SWM 22

ENCOURAGED BY JNNURM

Private Sector Participation in SWM: The private sector has been involved in door-to door collection of solid waste, street sweeping in a limited way, secondary storage and transportation and for treatment and disposal of waste 23

GARBAGE CARRIERS IN THE CITY

GARBAGE BINS

TRICYCLE TATA ACE

WHEEL BARROW

TRACTOR WITH TROLLEY

24

PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVING SWM SYSTEMS

1 Prohibit Littering: ensure source segregation of recyclables and storage of waste at source. 2 Quantity of waste to be treated( 80%) and land filled. 3 Awareness programmes for segregation of waste. 4 Citizens participation and involvement/community participation. 5 Measure for Households. 6 Types of waste to be put in the bin meant for food wastes and bio-degradable wastes 1- Food wastes of all kinds, cooked and uncooked, including egg shells, bones 2- Flower and fruit waste including juice peels and house plant wastes 3- Sanitary towels/toilet papers and tissue papers 4- Disposable diapers and incontinence pads 5- Ashes 7 Types of recyclables wastes to be kept for collection by informal sector / for processing 1- Paper and plastic of all kinds 2- Cardboard and cartons 3- Old stored news papers waste 4- Plastic and metallic containers 5- Packaging material waste of all kinds 6- Glass and metallic waste 7- Rags, rubber, pouches, sachets and tetra packs (rinsed)

SWM 25

CITY LEVEL SWOT A N A LY S I S

26

CITY LEVEL SWOT A N A LYS I S

27