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CIM3562
Hierarchy of Laws
The China Constitution () The Basic Law () Bills of Rights Ordinance () Hong Kong Ordinances () Subsidiary Legislation/Regulations () Case Law (judge-made law)()
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Classification of Laws
Criminal Law ()
In a criminal case, a jury typically must have an abiding conviction, proved by evidence that can be accepted as true because the facts of the case support it beyond reasonable doubt (). This could include eyewitness accounts or other evidence that removes valid questions about guilt. Juries must carefully consider all evidence presented in a trial to ensure that evidence that might lead to a conviction has been proved beyond reasonable doubt.
Civil Law()
In civil cases, by contrast, a preponderance () of evidence can be sufficient to settle the case in either party's favor. A preponderance of evidence means that one side of the case has established greater certainty than the other, usually through the presence of a greater quantity of credible evidence or more persuasive evidence. Even a small amount of additional evidence can make the difference in settling a case when only a preponderance of evidence is necessary (or simply the concept a balance of possibility).
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CRIMINAL LAW ()
Offences against persons() Offences against properties () Regulatory offences () Criminal procedures law () Criminal evidence law ()
CIVIL LAW ()
Contract ()
Torts ()
CIVIL LAW ()
CIVIL LAW ()
Institutions ()
The Courts () The Legislative Council () The National Peoples Congress (NPC)
()
Institutions ()
Court of Final Appeal () Court of Appeal() High Court the jury(-) District Court () Magistracy () Small Claims Tribunal () Labour Tribunal() Obscene Articles Tribunal ()
The Personnel ()
The Lawyers ()
Solicitors () Barristers () government lawyers () In-house legal advisers () the law professors ()