Internet Access via Cable TV network

Abstract
Demand for the high-speed (or broad band) internet access for fast web browsing and more effective telecommuting. India has a cable penetration of 80 million homes, offering a vast network for leveraging the internet access. Cable TV has a strong reach to the homes and therefore offering the Internet through cable could be a scope for furthering the growth of internet usage in the homes. The cable is an alternative medium for delivering the Internet services in the US, there are already a million homes with cable modems, enabling the highspeed internet access over cable.

In India, we are in the initial stages. We are experiencing innumerable local problems in Mumbai, Bangalore and Delhi, along with an acute shortage of international Internet connectivity. Accessing the Internet on the public switched telephone networks (PSTN) still has a lot of problems. Such as drops outs its takes along time to download or upload large files one has to pay both for the Internet connectivity as well as for telephone usages during that period. Since it is technically possible to offer higher bandwidth by their cable, home as well as corporate users may make like it. Many people cannot afford a PC At their premises. Hardware obsolescence in the main problem to the home user who cannot afford to upgrade his PC every year and Cable TV based ISP solution s offer an economic alternative.

The connection to other computers is possible with the help of ISP (Internet Service Provider). Each Internet users depend dialup connections to connect to Internet. This has many disadvantages like very poor speed, may time cut downs etc. To solve this problem, Internet data can be transferred through Cable networks wired to the user computer. Internet via Cable networks has various advantages like High availability, High bandwidth to low cost, high speed data access, always on connectivity etc.

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Introduction
Internet is a network of networks in which various computers connect each other throughout the world. The connection to other computers is possible with the help of ISP (Internet Service Provider). Each Internet users depend dialup connections to connect to Internet. This has many disadvantages like very poor speed, may time cut downs etc. Miraculous developments in telecommunication systems and information technology have created marvels for the new generation i.e. Internet using a phone line. Internets via phone connections are painfully slow, especially when downloading photographs, graphics, or video images and large files. To solve the problem, Internet data can be transferred through Cable networks wired to the user computer. The cable modem technology for the Internet provides an 'always on' feature for individuals to access the Internet rapidly, while its digital broadband network technology allows user to move around quickly. Various advantages are High availability, High bandwidth to low cost, high speed data access, always on connectivity etc. The huge growth in the number of Internet users every year has resulted in the traffic congestion on the net, resulting in slower and expensive internet access .As cable TV has a strong reach to homes, it is the best medium for providing the internet to house-holds with faster access at feasible rates. The huge growth in the number of Internet users every year has resulted in the traffic congestion on the net resulting in slower and expensive Internet access. As cable TV has a strong reach to homes, it is the best medium for providing the Internet to house - holds with faster access at feasible rates. There is a higher demand from residential and business customers, especially in the last few years, for access to the Internet, corporate intranets and various online information services. The Internet revolution is sweeping the country with a burgeoning number of the Internet users. As more and more people are being attracted towards the Internet, traffic congestion on the Net is continuously increasing due to limited bandwidths resulting in slower and expensive Internet access. The number of household getting on the Internet has increased exponentially in the recent past. First time internet users are amazed at the internet's richness of content and personalization, never before offered by any other medium. But this initial awe last only till they experienced the slow speed of internet content deliver. Hence the popular reference "World Wide Wait"(not World Wide Web).
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How to Access the Internet via Cable Network?

Use the dial-up telephone services provided by your Cable Company in conjunction with a modem. To Use a cable Modem

Figure1. Working of Cable Internet

Network Setup:
A propose typical cable network is shown in below figure. It consists of Internet backbone connectivity from internal service protocol. It then goes to the router and to the switch. The switch connects to the server as well as the cable modem termination system (CMTS). The CMTS output goes to the up converter before finally being fed in to the cable network. Information will reach your doorstep, which is a great extended development of satellite technology and communication technology to help develop and design such type of networks to
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save the wealth of nation and its potential to parental organization to adopt such a technology. The kind of technology has been already. Existing in the US and UK for the last few years. There are several methods for computer connection, but Ethernet 10 Base T is emerging as the most predominant method. Although it probably would be cheaper to produce the cable modem as an internal card for the computer, this would require different printed-circuit cards for different kinds of computers, and additionally would' make the demarcation between cable network and the customers computer too fuzzy.

Figure2.Traditional Cable Network

Figure 2 shows traditional cable network, which contains the only one head end. This head end is connected to the Ethernet cable, this cable is attached to each individual home TVs.

Figure 3 shows the modern cable network, which contains the head end with multiple pin to connect different networks. Which enhance the easy way to connection to the homes.

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Figure3. A Modern Cable Network

Cable Modem
A "Cable Modem" is a device that allows high-speed access to the Internet via a cable TV (CATV) network. The cable modem attaches to computer through an Ethernet Network Interface Card It takes a signal from the computer and converts it for transmission over the cable network. For Cable Internet access on PC, a Cable Modem is required at users end. It has two connections; one to the TV cable wire and the other to a computer. A Cable Modem sends and receives data to and from the Internet by using the existing coaxial cable network. The modem translates cable signals the same way a telephone modem translates signals from a telephone line.

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Cable modems translate radio frequency (RF) signals to and from the cable plant into Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol spoken by all computers connected to the Internet.

At the customer premise, a high quality two way splitter is installed on the Cable TV line, with one output connected to the Cable Modem and the second output connected to the TV.

Ethernet over Coaxial Cable

The Ethernet over Coax adapter provides a simple and inexpensive way to create a reliable home network, without running CAT5 cables through your walls. It delivers high speed internet, voice and video over coaxial cable. Ideal for homes, apartment buildings or hotels seeking to add high-speed internet capabilities over existing coaxial TV cables.

Fig1.CableAdaptor

Changes in Cable Network

The cable network was designed to deliver TV signals in one direction from the HeadEnd to the subscribers homes. To provide TV services Cable Operators had to recreate a portion of the over-the-air radio frequency (RF) spectrum within a sealed coaxial cable line.
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Operators had to upgrade the cable network so that signals could flow in both directions. Cable Operators assign a spectrum of signal frequencies to the cable network. One spectrum is used for the signals that move from the Head-End towards the cable subscriber. Another spectrum of signal frequencies are used for the signals that move from the cable subscriber towards the Head-End. By replacing existing one way amplifiers with two way amplifiers Cable Operators are able to separate the upstream and downstream signals and amplify each direction separately in the right frequency range.

How fast is a Cable Modem?

Cable modem speeds vary widely depends on the cable modem system Cable network architecture Traffic load. In the downstream direction (from the network to the

computer), network speeds can be up to 27 Mbps. BUT, this is an aggregate amount of bandwidth that is shared by users. Few computers will be capable of connecting at such high speeds or have exclusive access to the network. A more realistic number is 1 to 3 Mbps. In the upstream direction (from computer to network), speeds can be up to 10 Mbps. However, most modem producers have selected a more optimum speed between 500 Kbps and 2.5 Mbps. And many cable operators limit the upstream bandwidth to 128 or 384kbs. An asymmetric cable modem scheme is most common. The downstream channel has a much higher.

Real-world performance
The theoretical performance of a Cable Modem is based upon all other devices being able to work at the same speed and performance as the Cable Modem. However, in a similar way that the actual usable bandwidth on a 10MbpsEthernet connection reduces to a 4Mbps, so too will the performance of a Cable Modem connection be reduced.

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The Cable network itself will suffer the same problems of Internet performance as any other Internet Service Provider (ISP). Although performance to services on the cable network itself can be amazingly fast, access to 'the outside world will be slowed down by the performance of other connections on the way.

As usage on your segment grows (as more customers are added) the bandwidth must be shared by more people.

Support for Multiple PCs

A cable modem can provide Internet access to multiple PCs, if they are connected via a local area network (LAN) Cable modems typically have an Ethernet output, so they can connect to the LAN with a standard Ethernet hub or router. Each PC must have an assigned IP address The cable ISP usually sells at a premium of $5-$10 a month per PC. NAT (Network Address Translation) can allow multiple PCs to "hide" behind a single IP Address

Some company names of Cable Modem

3Com Cisco Systems Com21 General Instrument Motorola Nortel Networks Phasecom Samsung Terayon, Toshiba Zenith

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 And many others

Advantages
A cable modem can provide Internet access to multiple PCs, if they are connected via a local area network (LAN) Cable modems typically have an Ethernet output, so they can connect to the LAN with a standard Ethernet hub or router Each PC must have an assigned IP address o The cable ISP usually sells at a premium of $5-$10 a month per PC o NAT (Network Address Translation) can allow multiple PCs to "hide" behind a single IP Address Advanced High Speed Internet Access Service. No new software is required. No reconstruction of the cable system necessary. Use Of free frequency range from 3 to 5 MHz without TV program reorganization. Integration of the modem in the Billing System via router, accounting per space of time or volume possible. Components and amplifiers must have only return path ability.

Limitations
Bandwidth is shared over the same cable line. Connection speed is affected by the number of people using the internet at the same time in your neighbourhood. Higher security risk than dialup (personal firewall is needed). Not available to all cable TV networks. Usually tied with cable TV subscription

Conclusion
Cable TV has a strong reach to the homes and therefore offering the Internet through cable be a scope for furthering the growth of internet usage in the homes. The cable is an alternative medium for delivering the Internet Services in the US, there are a million homes with cable modems, enabling the high-speed internet access over cable.
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References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_Internet_access http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modem http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Access http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modem_termination_system http://computer.howstuffworks.com/cable-modem.htm http://www.hathway.com/brodband/prod_broadband_faq3.asp www.slideshare.net/.../internet-access-via-cable-network - United States www.scribd.com/doc/38687880/Internet-Access-via-Cable-TV-Network www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-internet-access-via-tv-cable-network

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