UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL School of Engineering - Civil

COURSEWORK BRIEFING SHEET

COURSE MODULE (and code): ASSIGNMENT TITLE: Lecturer responsible: Date set: 10 November 2011

Highway Engineering (CIVE251) Highway Engineering Coursework No. 2 Dr H Khalid Required date of submission: 24 November 2011 Standard University penalty scheme for late submission

Aims: To assess students understanding of Highway Engineering and apply the methodologies covered in the lectures. Details: Students should answer the questions given on the attached sheets. Recommended reading: 1. Highway Link Design TD 9/93 - DTp., Design Manual of Roads and Bridges Vol. 6 2. O'Flaherty, Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering', Arnold, 1997 [chapter 19] 3. Rogers, Highway Engineering, (2nd ed.), Blackwell, 2008. [Chapter 7] 4. OFlaherty, Highways: The Location, Design, Construction & Maintenance of Pavements, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002 [Chapters 9, 10 & 15] 5. Highways Agency (2006). Traffic Assessment, HD24/06. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, vol. 7, Section 2. http://www.dft.gov.uk/ha/standards/dmrb/vol7/section2/hd2406.pdf _______________________________________________________________________ At the end of this assignment a student should be able to: Solve problems on the topics covered.

1 of 4

Q1 For a single carriageway road with a 100 kph design speed, a crest curve is to be designed for the situation in Figure 1. For this design speed the K values are: Kdes.min crest Kabs.min crest Kpassing crest (a) = 100m = 55m = 400m

Assuming that the ground line closely follows the gradeline shown and that the cross-sectional area to be excavated is a 20m width formation with 2:1 side slopes (horizontal : vertical), calculate the volume of earth excavation required to provide crest curves for each of the above K values. Comment on your results in (a) and, giving additional reasons, recommend a vertical curve length for the above situation. Determine the chainage and elevation of the highest point on the curve you have chosen in (b) above.

(b)

(c)

Figure 1

2 of 4

Q2 A length of highway scheme has the earthworks cross-sections given below: Chainage (m) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Area (m2) 0 800 400 800 200 600 200 100 Chainage (m) 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Area (m2) -175 -345 -690 -800 -460 -450 -585 -450

The material between chainages 700 and 800m was found to be unsuitable for construction. (a) Draw a mass-haul diagram for the scheme given that the excavated material would have a bulking factor of 1.15 if it were to be used as fill. Draw the balance line such that there is no cut or fill at chainage 100m. Estimate the cost of the scheme from the following rates: Freehaul rate = 1.20/m3 Freehaul distance = 350m Borrow rate = 1.60/m3 Tipping rate = 1.70/m3 Overhaul rate = 0.60/m3 per 100m

(b)

3 of 4

Q3 It is required that a flexible pavement will carry traffic for 20 years on a proposed road improvement scheme. Studies on a comparable road showed the axle load spectrum given in Figure 2. (a) By selecting a suitable axle equivalency equation, estimate the total number of standard axles that the pavement will have to withstand during its design life. Present traffic volume is 300 commercial vehicles per day and growth in traffic is expected to be 3% p.a. Calculate the damage, i.e. axle damage factor, from commercial axles exceeding 10 tonnes in weight (single axle weight limit) within the spectrum of axle weights given. Comment on your answer regarding the occurrence and impact of these axles.

(b)

(Assume 2.7 axles per commercial vehicle.)

Figure 2. Axle load spectrum at Alconbury Hill

4 of 4