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End-to-end Arguments
End-to-end arguments in system design, by J.H. Saltzer, D.P. Reed and D.D. Clark, 1981. A function or service should be carried out within a network layer only if
it is needed by all clients of that layer, and it can be completely implemented in that layer.
SONET/SDH Networks
TDM circuit switching Packet switching over SONET/SDH ATM infrastructure on top IP routers connected to ATM switches
Adding signals into (dropping signals from) a path Combination of multiple signals on a path
SONET/SDH Control
Three individual control planes
IP, ATM and SDH
Simplify by introducing yet another protocol layer! MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching)
Unites IP and ATM Use control information from IP to set up MPLS LSPs (Label Switch Paths)
IP routing, RSVP, etc
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Multiplexer
Demultiplexer
Single wavelength
Multiwavelength
Single wavelength
WDM System
Add/drop and cross-connect configuration
Added wavelengths Transponders Demultiplexer Multiplexer
Transponders
Combine receive/transmit on different wavelengths
N x N
Transponders
Dropped wavelengths
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IETF MPLS and CCAMP (Common Control and Measurement Plane) working groups
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GMPLS Rationale
IP MPLS ATM data plane SONET/SDH Fiber Optics IP GMPLS Fiber Optics
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Switching type
Switch capabilities
Packet switch Time slot switch Wavelength switch Fiber (port) switch
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Hierarchical LSPs
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An optical cross connect switches lightpaths, not packets Still, it needs to appear as a router
IP addresses Wavelengths, fibers, are links
N x N
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Yes, but:
We need to decide what is a generalised label in Ethernet Ethernet switches need to recognize and switch between generalised labels
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Conclusions
Large benefit from an operational point of view if we can use IP for controlling the network
Even if it is not a packet switched network
Optical switches need to appear as IP routers, even though they do not forward IP packets If we want to use GMPLS to control different switches, we need to define new generalized switching models
For Ethernet, for instance
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