Acronymns, Abbreviations and Notations

NUMBERS 1D-C 1D-P 1-D 2D-C 2D-GA2 2D Grey 25 2D Grey 40 2D-P 2-D 3-D 3M SUBSCRIPTS a B c clr cld cs i lc T uc GREEK cloud albedo or reflectance; cloud extinction coefficient; off-axis angle for Fraunhofer diffraction cloud albedo diffuse cloud albedo surface reflectivity clear-sky diffuse albedo coefficient of volume expansion; volume backscatter coefficient; backscatter fraction; lidar relative backscatter; aspect ratio backscatter cross-section per unit volume extinction cross-section per unit volume extinction coefficient backscatter cross-section anisotropic reflectance correction factor; off vertical beam axis angle difference difference in equivalent brightness temperature

PMS optical array probe; 20-600 m @ 20 m resolution PMS optical array probe; 0.3-4.5 m @ 0.3 m resolution one-dimensional PMS optical array probe; 31-992 m @ 31 m resolution (PMS optical aerosol probe; cloud particles) aerosol probe(25 m < D < 1.5 mm) aerosol probe(40 m < D < 2.6 mm) PMS optical array probe; 100 m to 6 millimeters two dimensional three dimensional Minnisota Mining and Manufacturing, Inc. refers to atmospheric signal bottom of cloud layer refers to cloud signal clear sky cloudy sky clear sky channel number lower level cloud top of cloud layer upper level cloud

c d s sd

(R) (R)

ext
p

BT

N
qt

R r T z
c s

t *
v

m
o

; e; THETAE
l o v w

i L s

1 e u w

*
a c L nir

change in cloud drop concentration jump in total water mixing ratio change in upward radiance; range resolution cloud top total water jump temperature difference cloud geometrical thickness depolarization ratio; optical thickness of cloud correction term for reduced cloud emission correction term for scatter into radiometer FOV sampling interval turbulent dissipation rate; TKE dissipation rate; cloud emissivity; emittance IR downward effective emmitance scan angle; viewing azimuth relative to solar plane(=0o is forward scatter) ERBE spectral response function volume reflrctivity; radar backscatter coefficient wavelength cosine of viewing zenith angle; coefficient of molecular viscosity; droplet radius; mean; cos micrometer(10-6) cosine of solar zenith angle shape parameter angle of incidence equivalent potential temperature; satellite zenith angle(measured from downward normal direction) liquid water potential temperature or saturation point potential temperature solar zenith angle virtual potential temperature wet bulb potential temperature visible reflectance; ice density ice crystal density water density clear-sky bidirectional reflectance albedo backscatter cross-section; Stefan-Boltzmann constant; volume extinction coefficient; standard deviation standard deviation of downward longwave radiation extinction coefficient rms horizontal wind fluctuation rms vertical wind fluctuation visible optical depth; Reynolds stress; momentum flux; persistance time; laser pulse length optical thickness IR absorption optical depth optical thickness of cloud; surface flux time for complete homogenization NIR optical depth

ratio of scattering optical depth to absorption optical depth wave number single scattering albedo measured liquid water content stream function; relative azimuth angle shortwave effective extinction; vorticity; zenith angle member of Arctic Working Group; ascending; measured sampling area width; particle radius Adjacent Arctic Ocean cloud absorption doppler wind field analysis using Cartesian coordinate system[CETP] atmospheric boundary layer; albedo Arctic Boundary Layer Experiment; first part of third mission in ABLE series absorption Aerospace Corporation; Ackerman & Cox; total accepted counts altocumulus clouds; fractional cloud cover aircraft ARINC Communications, Addressing and Reporting System first mission in Aerosol Characterization Experiment atmospheric cloud radiative forcing Arctic Climate System Study(WCRP) analog to digital Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler addvection first Advanced Earth Observing Satellite(Japan) angle of attack airborne data system(NAILS) Alaska Daylight Time; anomalous diffraction theory effective sampling area Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project(NASA) effective radius of particle second Applications Explorer Mission(ERBS) Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer Atmosphere-Ocean Chemistry Experiment Atmospheric Environment Service(Canada) Air Force Base Air Force Geophysical Laboratory(USAF) Air Force Global Weather Center angle of attack Automated Forcasting Operational System; Automation of Field Operations and Services Air Force Office of Scientific Research Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program

ALPHABETICAL A a AAO Ab ABCD ABL ABLE 3A absorp AC Ac A/C ACARS ACE-1 ACRF ACSYS A/D ADCP addv ADEOS-1 ADIFR ADS ADT Ae AEAP aeff AEM-2; AEM-B AERI AEROCE AES AFB AFGL AFGWC AFIXL; AFIXR AFOS AFOSR AGASP

AGL AGU AIDJEX AIMR AIP-3 AIR AIRS AK AL Al ALACE AlCu; Acu ALPHA-1; -2 ALS alt alto cu ALWIND m AM-1 AMA AMC AMEX AMI AMIPS AMMR-1 AMMR-2 AMMS AMP AMPR AMS AMSR AMSU AMTEX ANA AN/APN ANG angl ANSI Ant AN/TPQ-11 AOA AOC AOML AOSS

above ground level American Geophysical Union Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment Airborne Imaging Microwave Radiometer Algorithm Intercomparison Project(GPCP) Atmospheric Instrumentation Research, Inc.; (CSU sonde) Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Akademik Kurchatov R/V above cloud layer aluminum Autonomous Lagranagian Circulation Explorer(float) altocumulus SRI downward-viewing lidar; upward Airborne Lidar System altitude alto-cumulus cloud along(with) wind direction 10-9 meter first EOS Satellite; AM Equator crossing time Amarillo, TX met station designator Atlantic Marine Center Australian Monsoon Experiment Advanced Microwave Instrument(ERS-1) (GLA simulation model) Airborne Multichannel Microwave Radiometer-nadir viewing AMMR viewing at 45 deg through left window Advanced Microwave Moisture Sounder ARGOS Meteorological Platform Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer Alternate Mission Scientist; American Meteorological Society Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit Air-Mass Transportation Experiment(Japan) Santa Maria airport building designator (military equipment designator) Air National Guard angle American National Standards Institute antenna radar designator airplane angle of attack Aircraft Operations Center Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory(NOAA) airplane angle of sideslip

Ap APD APL APS APT AR Ar ARAD ARAT ARC ARCHV ARCS ARCSS ARCSyM ARGOS ARINC ARK ARL FRD ARM ARMAR ARMCAS ARO AROS ARS AS As; as ASAP ASASP Asc ASCII ASD ASF AS IAP ASL ASM ASRC ASSP AST ASTER ASTEX ASTRAIA AT ATB ATC

antenna area; plate area avalanche photo-diode Applied Physics Laboratory Aerodynamic Particle Sizer(ER-2) Autonomous Picture Transmission system(DC-8) Atmospheric Research(company) receiver area; lidar telescope effective area (should have been ARAP) Aeronautical Research Associates of Princeton Avion de Recherche Atmospherique(France) Ames Research Center(NASA) archive Atmospheric Radiation and Clouds Station Arctic System Science(NSF) Arctic Regional Climate System Model (satellite used to telemeter data to shore station[France]) Aeronautical Radio, Inc. Arkansas, KS met station designator Air Resources Laboratory-Forecast Research Development(NOAA) Atmospheric Radiation Measurments program(DOE) Airborne Rain Mapping Radar Arctic Radiation, Microphysics, Clouds and Aerosols Study (Army research organization) Automated Regional Operations System Atmospheric Radiance Study Academy of Sciences(Russia); Aircraft Scientist; Arakawa-Schubert altostratus clouds as soon as possible Axially-Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer Probe(PMS) ascent American Standard Code for Information Interchange Atmospheric Sciences Division(LaRC); Analysis and Simulation Division(AFGL) Alaska SAR Facility Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics(Russia) above sea level angular second momentum Atmospheric Sciences Research Center(SUNYA) Aerosol Scattering Spectrometer Probe Arctic Cloud Experiment Science Team Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (NCAR Electra instrument) (ASTEX R/V); air temperature Rosemount temperature sensor Air Traffic Control

ATD ATEX ATI ATKP ATLAS ATMOS Atmos. Chem. Atmos. Environ. Atmos. Res. ATR ATr ATRAD ATRF Ats ATSR/MS AUW AVHRR AVIRIS AVNIR AXBT AXCP AZC, AZF AZIM; AZ; azm B b B1 B3 B-23 BABA BAO BASE BB BBHIR BBHSR BBIR BBR BBSS B.C. BC Bcld BCS BDIFR BE BEN

Atmosphere Technology Division(NCAR) Atlantic Tropospheric Experiment area-time integrals; (designator of sonic anemometer type) (Electra fast response temperature sensor) (type of buoy for TOPEX/POSEIDON validation) Atmospheric Trace Molecules Observed by Spectroscopy(JPL) Atmospheric Chemistry Atmospheric Environment Atmospheric Research (attenuated total reflection switch on ARMAR) radar area-time integral algorithm for adding doubling calculations (Electra reverse flow temperature sensor) satellite area-time integral Along-Track Scanning Radiometer and Microwave Sounder (ERS-1) Wausau, UT met station designator Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Advanced Visible and Near-infrared Radiometer Airborne Expendible Bathythermograph Airborne Expendible Current Profiler airplane true heading azimuth angle Planck function; broken; tethered balloon; integrating filter bandwidth buoyancy reflectance of cloud at =1 reduced resolution radiance data(ISCCP) (U. WA cloud and aerosol research aircraft) Balloons Bassee Altitude Boulder Atmospheric Observatory Beaufort Arctic Storms Experiment broad band; black body Broad Bandpass Hemispheric IR Radiometer Broad Bandpass Hemispheric Solar Radiometer broadband IR (ASTEX UKC-130 instrument) Balloon Bourne Sounding System tethered balloon measurments cloud emission Planck function of the cirrus layer temperature backscatter cross section angle of sideslip measured radiance (a type of ship log on ASTEX R/V Le Suroit)

BER BFIXB; BFIXT BL BLW BMAP BMO BNL BOMEX Bound. Lay. Meteor. BOX BPI BPRT BPYR1; TPYR1 BPYRG; TPYRG BR BRDF BS BSCAT BSHR MGO BT B(T) BTD BTDIF Bull. Amer. Met. Soc. BUV; TUV BW C c C1 C2 C5; C6; CI175 C2H4 C4 C7F14 C20 C-130Q C-131A Ca++ CAC CADC CAGES calc CALS

bit error rate angle of sideslip boundary layer below Background Measurement and Analysis Program British Meteorological Office Brookhaven National Laroratory Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment Boundary-Layer Meteorology Functional Box Counting cloud retrival algorithm bytes per inch radiometric surface temperature visible radiation IR radiation briefing room; region of broken stratocumulus clouds bi-directional reflectance distribution function surface emission (related to EOC viewing angle) (ASTEX R/V LeSuroit engine type) brightness temperature Planck function at temperature T brightness temperature difference (related to MAS spectral channels) Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ultraviolet radiation bandwidth member of Cirrus Working Group; centigrade; most of IFA area; cloud amount; average speed of propogation; calibration constant speed of light; particle concentration gridded cloud product(ISCCP) climatological summary product(ISCCP) (equivalent sphere ice particle distributions) ethene Center for Clouds, Chemistry and Climate(SIO) perfluoromethylchlohexane(cyclohexane) ISCCP 20m/20m hexagonal crystal model (NCAR airplane) (University of Washington airplane) calcium ion Climate Analysis Center(NOAA) Central Air Data Computer(NASA DC-8) (Canadian hydrological experiment in Mackenzie river basin) calculated Cloud and Aerosol Lidar System

Cal Tech CAM CAMAC CAP CAPE CaPE CAPPI CAR CARAFE CART CARSS Cb; CB C Band Scatt CBL Cc CCAR CCC CCCL CCD CCl4 CCM CCM1, 3 CCN CCNC cctv Cd CDF CDIU CDR CD-ROM CDT CE CEAREX CEI CENCAL CEPEX CERES CES C.E.T.P. CFA CFADs CFC CFD

California Institute of Technology Centre d'Aeronautique Meteorologique(France) computer-automated measurment and control(component of VIRL) cloud-atmospheric parameter convective available potential energy Convection and Precipitation/Electrification experiment Constant-Altitude Plan Position Indicator Cloud Absorption Radiometer Cloud, Aerosol and Radiation Arctic Field Experiment Cloud and Atmospheric Radiation Testbed facility Center for Atmospheric and Remote Sounding Studies cumulonimbus C-Band Scatterometer cloud boundary layer cirrocumulus Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research(U. CO-Boulder) (organization conducting atmospheric modeling) (POINT SUR instrument on MS; measures surface wind, T and RH) charged-couple device carbon tetrachloride continuous core measurments; Centre de Meteorologie Marine(France); organization conducting atmospheric modeling) Community Climate Model; versions(NCAR) cloud condensation nuclei (ASTEX UKC-130 instrument) closed circuit television cadmium common data format COARE Data Information Unit circular depolarization ratio compact disk-read only memory Central Daylight Time cloudiness element Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment cloudtop entrainment instability Central California Oceanographic Cooperative Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment Clouds and the Earth's Radient Energy System(LaRC) Committee on Earth Sciences Centre d'tudes des Environnements Terrestre et Plantaire(France) cloud fractional absorptance Contoured Frequency by Altitude Diagrams chlorofluorocarbons continuous flow diffusion

CFR CG Cg CH Ch CH3CCl3 CH4 chem chn Ci; CI CIDS CIFKU CIIFO CIMMS CIMSS CIPS CIRES CIRRUS I CIRRUS II CIS CISK CiSt CIT CL Cl CLARET I & II CLASS CLAT CLAVR CLDRADI clds CLDSTATS CLIVAR CLONG cloudtop saw t CLR CLS CM cm CMATRIX CMM CMS

Centre def Faibles Radioactivits(French) (description for LIP lightning locations) total surface cloudiness (ASTEX R/V); high cloud type code channel methyl chloroform methane chemistry channel cirrus clouds CEPEX Integrated Data System conditional instability of the first kind upside-down CIRRUS I IFO(FIRE I) Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies(University of Oklahoma) Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies(U. Wisc.-Madison) continuous ice particle sampler Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences(University of Colorado) Cirrus IFO-I(Wisconsin 1986) Cirrus IFO-II(Kansas 1991) Cryogenic Interferometer Spectrometer conditional instability of the second kind cirrostratus clouds California Institute of Technology low cloud type code chlorine Cloud Lidar and Radar Exploratory Tests Cross-Chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding System aircraft latitude(LORAN) Clouds from AVHRR (GFDL GCM) clouds (WPL program for determining echo boundaries) Climate Variability and Predictability Program(WCRP) aircraft longitude(LORAN) cloudtop saw tooth cloud-free subframes Cloud Lidar System(ER-2) middle cloud type code centimeter(10-2) THIR cloud product Centre de Meteorologie Marine(France) Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale(France); College of Marine Studies(U. of Deleware)

CN Cn CNES CNET CNRM CNRS CNSA CO CO2 COADS COARE coef COF COHMEX Co-I COMSAT conc CONCNC cond conf contin COPLAN copol COR cor corr COS COSSA cov CP Cp cP, mT CP-2 CPE CPU CR-1 CRAY YMP CRF CRL CRM cross pol CRPE CRS CS

condensation nuclei refractive index structure function parameter Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales(France) Centre National Etude des Telecommunications(France) Centre National de Recherche Meteorologique(France) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique(France) Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental(Spain) carbon monoxide carbon dioxide Comprehensive Oceanic and Atmospheric Data Set Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment coefficient Coffeyville,KS met station designator Cooperative Huntsville Meteorological Experiment(field experiment) co-investigator Commercial Satellite Corporation concentration aerosol concentrations condition conference; confirmed continuous (doppler radar analysis in a cylindrical coordinate system[CETP]) copolarized cold optics radiometer correlation correlation Cloud Observing System(ASTEX) Commonwealth Office of Space Science and Applications(CSIRO) covariance Conference Publication(NASA); center point; common point specific heat at constant pressure (air mass descriptor) (type of radar used during CaPE) Central Pennsylvania Experiment central processing unit (cryogenic hygrometer model) (large, fast Cray Research computer model) cloud radiative forcing (T/C organization having radar on DC-8) cloud resolving model cross polarization Centre de Recherches en Physiques de l'Environment(France) Center de la Recherche Scientifique(France) ISCCP cirrostratus hexagonal crystal model; cross section; Calahan & Snider

CS Cs CSASP CSC CSH CSI CSIRO CST CSU/PO CT2 CTBL CTD CTEI Ctr CTT CU Cu CuCl2 CUSBL CV-580 CVI CW CX CY D D* D1 D1 De; Dm Dmax Dn DAAC DAB-UL DADS Daedalus DAMTP DAO DAS DAT db DBARM DBMS DBZ

cloud fractional coverage from satellite cirrostratus (Marine Stratocumulus particle spectrometer)(PMS) Computer Sciences Corporation convective stratiform heating Campbell Scientific, Inc. Comonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(Australia) Central Standard Time Colorado State University Project Office structure function of temperature fluctuations cloud-topped boundary layer Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Profiler cloud-top entrainment instability center cloud top temperature ISCCP cirrus uncinus hexagonal crystal model cumulus; copper; cirrouncinus copper chloride cumulus under stratocumulus boundary layer University of Washington airplane; Canadian National Research Council airplane counterflow virtual impactor center wavelength/wave number pixel level cloud product(ISCCP) calendar year lidar off-zenith pointing; diameter; descending; distance between plates; bouyancy reversal parameter; GOES VIS counts; cloud cell diameter; particle long dimension detectivity gridded cloud product with revised algorithm(ISCCP) transmittance of cloud at =1 mean droplet diameter largest ice particle dimension characteristic diameter of the crystal distribution Distributed Active Archive Center dual-polarization and backscatter-unattended LIDAR Data Acquisition and Distribution System(NASA DC-8) (Scanning, Visible and IR(window) Imaging Radiometer[ER-2]) (Cambridge U. organization) Data Assimilation Office(GSFC) data acquisition system digital archival tape decibel equivalent melted diameter data base management system (decibel)

DC-8 DCR DDA DDMS DDR DECnet deg DEOF Dept. DESC DET DF DFBS DFO DHG DHL Dia DIAL DIFACS DIR DISORT DL DLR DM DMA DMN DMPL DMPS DMS DMSO DMSP DMWG DN D0 DOC DOD DODR DOE DOGS Domsat Dop DORADE DP Dp

(NASA ARC high altitude research aircraft) Dual Channel Microwave Radiometer discrete dipole approximation Deputy Daily Mission Scientist data description record Digital Equipment Corporation network degree double end of file department descent detector direction finding (model with microphysics specific to marine stratocumulus clouds) Department of Fisheries and Oceans(Canada) double Henyey-Greenstein function (company specializing in express delivery service) diameter Differential Absorption Lidar Digital Facsimile workstation downwelling IR discrete ordinate method Doppler Lidar Deuthsche Forschungsanstalt fr Luft-und Raumfahrt(Germany) Data Manager; member of Data Management Working Group Differential Mobility Analyzer Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale(France) Depolarization Micropulse Lidar Differential Mobility Particle Sizer dimethyl sulfide; Deputy Mission Scientist; Daily Mission Scientist dimethyl sulfoxide Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DOD) Data Management Working Group down day zero Department of Commerce Department of Defense airplane drift angle Department of Energy airplane ground speed Domestic Satellite doppler (ARMAR data type for T/C) Drafting Panel particle diameter

DPB DPBC; DPTC DPL DRAKKAR DRI DRT DS DU DUNDEE DWIPS DX DY DYCOMS Dz E (E) E Ecld Eeff Ei Eo E(r) e EA EC ECHAM-3 ECL ECLIPS ECMWF EDIS EDOP EDP EDT EDX EERC EERM EG&G EHP EI ei EL ELDORA ELP EM

dewpoint temperature Electra dewpoint hygrometers(bottom and top) Dual-polarization Lidar (2-channel vertically pointing MW radiometer[CaPE]) Desert Research Institute(University of Nevada) Del Rio, TX met station designator downwelling solar Drexel University Down Under Doppler and Electricity Equipment Digital Weather Imaging Processing System pixel level cloud product with revised algorithm(ISCCP) day Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus drizzle Eastern part of IFA area; water vapor flux; incomming irradiance evaluation data; for model evaluation spectral solar constant emissivity if the cloud layer effective emissivity collimated irradiance energy of transmitted pulse backscattered power saturated vapor pressure extended area elemental carbon (a coupled global ocean-atmosphere model[MPI]) (ARMAR electronic component) Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Environmental Data Information Service(NOAA) ER-2 Doppler Radar Environmental Definition Program Eastern Daylight Time energy-dispersive x-ray (ASTEX organization) Etablissement d'Etudes et de Recherches Meteorologiques(France) Edgerton, Germeshausen and Grier equivalent horsepower entrainment instability criterion cloud mean emissivity Eppley Laboratories; Electra(NCAR); elevation Electra Doppler Radar El Paso, TX met station designator enhanced monitoring

EMA EMD EMES EMEX EMP ENE ENR ENSO ENT EOC; EO-cam EOCT EOF EOMET EOS EOS-AM(AM-1) EOSDIS EOSP EOS-PM EPOCS ER ERB ERBE ERBS ER-2 ERC ERL EROS ERS-1 ESA ESG ESMR ESS ESTAR ESTEC ET ETA ETH ETL ETLA ETO EUCREX EUROTRAC

enhanced monitoring array (NOAA R/V Oceanus engine type) Earth Moniroring Educational System Equatorial Mesoscale Experiment enhanced monitoring period East-North-East (describes ARMAR noise source) El Nio Southern Oscillation entropy Electro Optics camera(ER-2) Electro-optical Camera(TSEC)(ER-2) end of file(single); empirical othogonal function analysis Electro-Optics Meteorology program(NRL/NOSC) Earth Observing System(NASA) first launch in NASA EOS satellite series(mid-1998); morning equator crossings(descending) Earth Observing System Data and Information System Earth Observing Scanning Polarimeter second launch in NASA EOS satellite series(late 2000); afternoon equator crossings(ascending) Eastern Pacific Ocean Climate Study extended range Earth Radiation Budget instrument(NIMBUS 6 & 7) Earth Radiation Budget Experiment(ERBS)(LaRC) Earth Radiation Budget Satellite(NASA) NASA Ames high altitude aircraft; Extended Resources-2 (NOAA organization) Environmental Research Laboratory(NOAA) Earth Resources Observation System first European Remote Sensing Satellite European Space Agency Empirical Study Group(NOAA) Electronically Scanned Microwave Radiometer University of Essex(UK) Electrically Scanning Thinned Array Radiometer European Space Research and Space Technology Center extended time estimated time of arrival Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule(Switzerland) Environmental Technology Laboratory(NOAA) Extended Time Limited Area extended time observation European Cloud and Radiation Experiment European Experiment on Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents in the Trosposphere over Europe

EVAD exp; expt Ez F-F f f1 F-8, 10, 11, 12 (F) FAA FAPMO FARS FASCOD3(or III) FASINEX FAST fax FCA FCC FCST FD FDDA Fe FFSP FFT FIAMS FIFE FIR FIRE FIRE 86 FIRE 87 FIRE 91 FIRE 93 FIRE I FIRE II FIRE III FIRE IFO II FIRE MS FIRE Stratos FL FL FLORENCE FLT

(analysis of T/C shipborne radar data to reveal kinematic, fluxes and latent heat distribution) experiment (related to cloud amount) (EDOP system) viewing azimuth angle; cloud fraction; Coriolis parameter; fraction of pixel covered by cloud (coefficient depending on particle size distribution) DMSP Satellite designations for forcing at boundaries Federal Aviation Administration (bathythermograph winch) Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing(U. of Utah) (line-by-line radiance/transmittance model developed by AFGL--used to calculate cloud conditions) Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (forward/aft scanning mode) facsimile FIRE Central Archive Federal Communications Commission Federal Council for Science and Technology finite-difference model Four Dimensional Data Assimilation iron (Knollenberg 1-D probe) Fast Fourier Transform Flinders Institute for Atmospheric and Marine Studies First ISLSCP Field Experiment IR flux First ISCCP Regional Experiment first FIRE Cirrus field experiment FIRE I Marine Stratocumulus IFO second FIRE Cirrus field experiment TOGA COARE; FIRE Pilot Tropical Cirrus Experiment FIRE, phase I(1984-1989) FIRE, phase II(1990-1994) Fire, phase III(1995-??) second FIRE Cirrus field experiment FIRE Marine Stratus Marine Stratocumulus IFO(California 1987) flight leg large scale eddy latent heat flux (sea-surface flux model[Mto-France]) flight

FM F&M FMC FM-CW FMO FMT fnct FNOC FNT FOGS FOKKER forc FORTRAN FOV FP Fp Fr fr fra freq FS FS FSL FSM Fsol FSSP300 FST FSET FSU FT FT/BL FTIR ftp FTS FWHH FWHM FWVS FYIB G g GaAs GAC galb GALT

frequency modulation; flow meter FOKKER F-27 & Merlin IV; (ASTEX airplanes) Fort McCoy, WI met station identifier frequency modulated- continuous wave Flatland Meteorological Observatory convective flux function Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center Flint, MI met station identifier (ARC grating spectrometer) (Dutch airplane manufacturer) forcing formula translation; IBM scientific programming language field of view final point reflected flux pulse repetition frequency from fractal(cu cloud structure) frequency full scale small scale eddy latent heat flux Forecast Systems Laboratories(NOAA) Federated State of Micronesia downward solar radiation PMS Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe; (cloud droplets) FIRE Science Team FIRE Science Experiment Team Florida State University free troposphere (description of trace gas and aerosol fluxes and conversion rates) fourier transform interferometer radiometer file transfer protocol fourier transform spectrometer full width half height full width; half maximum (ASTEX UKC-130 instrument) (NPS satellite imager[ASTEX]) gain gravitational acceleration; asymmetry factor gallium arsenide global area coverage(AVHRR) surface albedo airplane GPS altitude

GAMP GAPEX GARP GASP GATE GCE 2D GCEM GCM GCSS GDR GE Gen GenPlot GEO Geophys. Res. Lett. GEOS GEWEX GFDL GGG GHIS Ghz GI GIF GISS GL GLA GLAS GLAT GLDV GLI GLON GMS GMT GOALS GOES GOES-NEXT GOFIRE GPCP GPI GPS GRB GRS-1 GRT GSFC

Global Atmospheric Measurments Program(ATD) Ground-based Atmospheric Profiling Experiment Global Atmospheric Research Program Global Atmospheric Sampling Program GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment convective scale model(GSFC) Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model global climate model; general circulation model GEWEX Cloud System Studies (TOPEX instrument) General Electric generator (general visualization software tool) geosynchronous Geophysical Research Letters GSFC EOS data assimilation system Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory(Princeton Univ.) Midland, TX met station designator Geostationary High-resolution Interferometer Sounder gigahertz(10+9) Geophysical Institute(University of Alaska-Fairbanks) graphics interchange format Goddard Institute of Space Studies gray level Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres(GSFC) Geoscience Laser Altimeter System airplane GPS latitude gray level difference vector Global Imager airplane GPS longitude Geostationary Meteorological Satellite(Japan) Greenwich Mean Time Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite(NOAA) next generation GOES (NCDS FORTRAN program) Global Precipitation Climatology Project GOES Precipitation Index Global Positioning System Green Bay, WI met station identifier (satellite) (R/V Valdiva dimension) Goddard Space Flight Center(NASA)

GSO GTE GTRI GTS GUM H H() h h* H 2O H 2O 2 H2SO4 HART HBR HBTM HC HDDR HDF HDF/netCDF He HEA HF Hfil HFOVR HFS HG7 HGM; HGME HH HHMMSS HH-VV HIR HIRES HIRS2 HIS HITRAN Hi Vol HL HNO3 HOAG HOH HOM horiz

Graduate School of Oceanography(URI) Global Troposphere Experiment Georgia Tech Research Institute WWW Global Telecommunications System(WMO) Guam met station site designator cloud depth; hydrogen; differential heating in zonal direction;sensible heat flux; shear layer depth observed downwelling IR irradiance hour; moist static energy; cloud thickness saturation moist static energy water peroxide sulfuric acid Height Area Rain Threshold (?,KS met station designator) Hybrid Bispectral Threshold Method hydrocarbons (magnetic tape) hierarchical data format hierarchical data format/net common data format helium high energy approximation high frequency HIS simulated filtered radiance of ERBE Hemispherical Field-of-View Radiometer hierarchical file system Henyey-Greenstein approximation with assumed asymmetry factor of 0.7; phase functions geometric altitude(low and high) hydrometeor heating; ARMAR polarization mode hours, minutes, seconds(each expressed by 2 digits) (ARMAR dual polarization mode) Honiara, SI met station site designator high resolution High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder; part of TOVS High-resolution Interferometric Sounder(ER-2) (database of gas absorption characteristics) high volumn cloud base height nitric acid Honiara Aircraft Operations Group water homogeneity horizontal

h Pa Hq HRD HRPT HRZ HS HSRL HTI Htr hum Hunfil HV hz I (I) I(, ) I Io IAEA IAG IAMAP IAP IAS IBM-PC i/c IC I() Ic ICAA ICAO ICAS ICCP ICDG ICE Ice Col Ice XAL Ici Icl ICR ICRCCM ICSU ICT ICTP ID

hecta Pascals headquarters Hurricane Research Division(NOAA) High Resolution Picture Transmission(AVHRR) hour GMT Hu and Stevens High Spectral Resolution Lidar height-time heater humidity HIS simulated unfiltered radiance of ERBE (ARMAR dual polarization mode); (type of filter) Hertz cloud radiance; detector current input data; for model initialization azimuthally average monochronomatic intensity HIS measured radiance detector current with path length set to zero International Atomic Energy Agency(UN) Interagency Group International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics(ICSU) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(Russia) indicated air speed International Business Machines-Personal Computer icing condition icing condition; intercomparison; ice crystals observed spectral radiance at wavenumber opaque cloud radiance (designation for ASTEX turbulence/sounding intercomparison variant mission) International Civil Aviation Organization International Committee for Atmospheric Sciences(FCST) Intyernational Cloud Climatology Program Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere International Cirrus Experiment Ice Column model of Takano/Liou ice crystal radiance at cloud temperature clear sky radiance Ice Crystal Replicator Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models International Council of Scientific Unions radiometric air temperature International Center for Theoretical Physics(IAEA-UNESCO) identification; ISCCP water droplet model; scene identification

IDL IEEE IFA IFO IFOV IFN IFP IFR IFREMER IGAC IGBP IGDR IGN IILs ILAT ILON IMC IMET imf IMG IN INAA include INDOEX INE InGaAs INL INMARSAT INMG INS inst INSU integ Internet Int. J. Climate inv I/O IOEB IOP IOS IP Ipa() IPITCH IR

Interactive Data Language Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers intensive flux array intensive field observations instantaneous field of view ice forming nuclei intensive field program instrument flight rules Institut Francais de Rechercher Sur la Mer(France) International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Program International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (TOPEX instrument) Institut Geographique Nationale(France) intermediate inversion layers airplane INS latitude airplane INS longitude ice mass content Improved Meteorological Instrumentation(WHOI) ice mass flux Interferometric Monitor of Greenhouse Gases ice nuclei Integrated Neutron Activation Analysis including Indian Ocean Experiment inertial navigation equipment indium gallium arsenide International Falls, MN met station identifier International Marine Satellite Organization National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics(Portugal) inertial navigation system; insulation instrument Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers(France) integration Worldwide computer network International Journal of Climatology inversion input/output (SHEBA buoy) intensive observing period Institute of Ocean Sciences(Canada) Implementation Plan; initial point particulate backscatter phase function airplane IRS pitch angle infrared

IRAMMP IRB; IRT IRF IRIS IROLL IRRAMP IRS IRST IRT Is; Isi IS # 3 ISCCP ISLSCP ISO ISOT ISR ISS ITCZ ITHDG IUGG IVEW IVICS IVNS IW IWC IWP J J. Appl. Meteor.; JAM JASIN J. Atmos. Sci.; JAS J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. J. Clim. Appl. Meteor.; JCAM J. Climate JD JERS-1 JGOFS J. Geophy. Res.; JGR JIC JLE JMA JPL

(ASTEX instrument) infrared radiation instantaneous radiative flux Interactive Radar Information System; Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer(Nimbus 4) airplane IRS roll angle Infrared Analysis, Measurments and Modeling Program(Navy) inertial reference system Infrared Search and Track system(Navy) Infrared Thermometer cloud-free radiance insitu airplane number designation International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project isolation International Scientific Oversight Team Infrared Scanning Radiometer Integrated Sounding System(NCAR) Inter-tropical Convergence Zone airplane IRS true heading International Union of Geology and Geophysics(ICSU) airplane IRS East-West ground speed interactive visual image classification system airplane IRS North-South ground speed ice water ice water content ice water path joule Journal of Applied Meteorology Joint Air-Sea Interaction Experiment Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology Journal of Climate Julian day first Japanese Earth Remote-sensing Satellite Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Journal of Geophysical Research Joint Ice Center (R/V Akademik Kurchatov navigation system type) Japan Meteorological Agency Jet Propulsion Laboratory(NASA)

JW K k ki K+ K&S KA Ka-band; K-band kc KCARTCC KE kg KH kHz KITE km KOSMOS K-R KSHLCNV KTAS kW KVG L l LL LA LAC LAG LAMPS LAN LANDSAT LANL LAOI LaRC LAS-X lat LATC; LATF LBA LBTM LCL LDR

Johnson-Williams Kelvin; potassium; kinetic energy flux; Boltzmann's constant coefficient of conductivity; relative sensitivity; absorption coefficient greybody mass absorption coefficient potassium ion Kipp & Sonn(Germany) King Air airplane 8.6 mm/35 Ghz wavelength radar cloud backscatter/extinction ratio Kansas City Air Regional Traffic Control Center kinetic energy kilogram(10+3) Kelvin-Helmholtz(waves) kilohertz(10+3) Kuiper IR Technology Experiment kilometer(10+3) (Russian meteorological satellite) (related to T/C ARMAR) (GFDL GCM) knots air speed kilowatt(10+3) Kavieng, PNG met station site designation characteristic horizontal scale of cloud elements; cloud height; liquid water content; landing time; length; liquid water path; spectral radiance; latent heat of consendation liter Lyman-Alpha latent heat of vaporization limited area; Laboratoire d'Aerologie(France) local area coverage(AVHRR) lagrangian Limited-Area Mesoscale Prediction System local area network (NASA Earth observing satellite series) Los Alamos National Laboratory(DOE) Laboratory of Atmosphere and Oceanology Institute(Russia) Langley Research Center(NASA) (custom PMS particle counter for 0.15-7.0 m) latitude airplane latitude Large-scale Land Processes in the Basin of the Amazon layer bispectral threshold method lifting condensation level linear depolarization ratio

LE LEADEX Least Sq St Dev LED LERTS LES LF LGC LIDAR LIMA LIP LIP 90 Liq LIRAD LIS LIT LITE LLNL LLP Lm LMD LMN LMS LN2 LNA LNC; LNR Lo loc lon; long LONC; LONF LONDON LORAN-C LOWS LOWTRAN 7 Ls LSA LSD LST LT LTN LW LWC LWIR

latent heat flux Lead Experiment least squares standard deviation light emitting diode Laboratoire d'Etudes et Recherches en Teledetection Spatial(France) large eddy simulation model lower fuselage radar nadir IR radiation light detection and ranging Laboratoire d'Instrumentation Meteorologique Aeroportee(France) Lightning Instrument Package (independent component of LIP liquid Lidar and IR Radiometer Lightning Imaging Sensor Little Rock, AK met station designator Lidar In-space Technology Experiment(LaRC) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Lightning Location and Prediction measured downward longwave radiation; cloud top radiance Laboratorie de Meteorologie Dynamique(France) (?, OK met station designator) Lead Mission Scientist liquid nitrogen (ARMAR electronic component) nadir visible radiation downward longwave radiation for clear sky conditions location longitude airplane longitude (GFDL GCM) long range navigation system; third generation Lake Ontario Winter Storms Project (USAF atmospheric model) downward longwave radiation for stratocumulus conditions; latent heat of sublimation large scale area; Large-scale Soundings Array large-scale domain local standard time; local solar time left; local time Litton liquid water; long wave liquid water concentration longwave infrared

LWP Lx M M3 m MABL MAC MAD MADT MAGE MAGNAVOX MAHS MAJ MAMS MANDOP MAPS MARS MARSS MAS MAST MASTER MAVS max MAXAR mb MB MBL MBLCC MCC McIDAS-X MCR MCS MCTEX Meas MEGALIDAR MESO mest met METEO METEOR Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. METEOSAT

liquid water path wavelet wavelength in-cloud parcel Measurments, Modeling and Monitoring meter; cosine of viewing zenith angle; cloud microphysical model index marine atmospheric boundary layer Macintosh computer Madison, WI met station designator Modified Anomalous Diffraction Theory Marine and Aerosol Gas Exchange (R/V Valdivia satellite system) (ASTEX NCAR Electra instrument) Majuro, FSM met station site designator Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor (doppler radar analysis providing polynomial decomposition of 3-D wind field[CETP]) Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System Meteorological Airborne Radar Data System(NOAA) (ASTEX UKC-130 instrument) MODIS Airborne Simulator Monterey Area Ship Track Experiment MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (ASTEX UKC-130 and ER-2 instrument) maximum (Motorola radio and antenna;voice link to aircraft) millibar Malcolm Baldridge marine boundary-layer marine boundary-layer convective complexes Mesoscale Convective Complex; mesoscale cellular convection Man-computer Interactive Data Access System for UNIX(U. Wis.) Multispectral Cloud Radiometer Mesoscale Convective System Marine Continental Thunderstorm Experiment measurement Wright-Patterson AFB 100-inch collimator lidar mesoscale estimated mean value meteorology Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale(France) (operational weather satellite[Russia]) Meteorological and Atmospheric Physics geosynchronous meteorological satellite(ESA)

MFDP/FRONTS 87 Mfil MFLPOS MFOV MFR MFRSR Mg++ MHS Mhz micro MILE mils MIMR min MIR MISR miss MISTRC MIT MIUH MIZEX MJO MLO MLT MM4 MMCR MMM MMP MMR MMS MN Mn mo MOA MOD Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 MODIS-N MODTRAN MONEX Mon. Wea. Rev. MPAA

Mesoscale Frontal Dynamics Project/yearly focus(English, French & German) ERBE scanner filtered radiance million floating-point operations per second multi-field-of-view radiometer; multiple-fields-of-view Multifilter Radiometer Multifilter Rotating Shadow Band Radiometer magnesium ion Microwave Humidity Sounder; multi-aircraft horizontally separated megahertz(10+6) microwave (oceanographic experiment) micrometers Multi-frequency Imaging Microwave Radiometer minute; minimum Micro-wave Imaging Radiometer(ER-2) Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer mission (six channel radiometer[CCAR]) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Meteorologisches Institut der Universitat Hamburg(Germany) Marginal Ice Zone Experiment Madden and Julian oscillation Mauna Loa Observatory multi-layered cloud system NCAR Mesoscale Model version 4 Millimeter Cloud Radar Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division(NCAR) Microphysical Measurment Package (Barnes 8-channel narrowbeam radiometer[CIRRUS I]) Meteorological Measurement System month manganese cosine of solar zenith angle military operating areas Ministry of Defense(UK) (lidar max rep rate; e.g. 1 pulse per 2 seconds) (lidar low rep rate; e.g. 1 pulse per 30 seconds) (lidar intermittant mode; e.g. 1 pulse per 15 minutes) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Nadir Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Radiance and Transmittance Model(AFGL moderate resolution model for LOWTRAN 7) Monsoon Experiment Monthly Weather Review (WPL organizational element)

MPI MPIOR MPL MPM MPT MR M(R) mrad MRF MRF Hercules XV 208 MRI MRU MS MSA MSC MSc MSFC MSI MSIFO MSL MSMR MSP MSS MST MSU mT MTPE MTR mtrue MTS MUC mult Munfil MUS MVR MVS MW MWD MWIR MWR MYF N N 2O

Max Planck Institute Multispectral Pushbroom Imaging Radiometer Micropulse Radar microphysical model mission planning team (descriptor of SARI buoy measurment) contribution from multiple scattering milliradian(10-3) Meterological Research Facility(UK) (MRF airplane) Meteorological Research Institute(Japan) Meteorological Research Unit(UK) mission scientist; marine stratocumulus methane sulfonic acid(CH3SO3) Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo(Spain) marine stratocumulus Marshall Space Flight Center(NASA) multi-spectral imagery Marine Stratocumulus IFO(FIRE I) mean sea level multispectral, multiresolution method Multi-Scale Profiler Multi-spectral Scanner(LANDSAT) mission selection team; mission science team Microwave Sounding Unit (air mass descriptor) Mission To Planet Earth(NASA) mini-temperature recorder true mean value Microwave Temperature Sounder(ER-2) mesoscale uncinus complex multiple ERBE scanner unfiltered radiance Muskogee, OK met station designator maneuver multi-aircraft vertically stacked mission microwave (ASTEX cloud radar type) medium wave infrared microwave radiometer San Diego, CA met station designator North; droplet concentration; satellite field of view; crystal number density; total cloud cover code nitrous oxide

N.A. Na+ NaCl NADC NAG NAILS NAM NARE NAS NASA NASIS NASNI naut mi NAV NAVSWC NBS Nc N/C NCAR NCDS NCEP Ncld NCLE Nclr NCPO NCSA N(D); n(r) NDS Nd:YAG NET NEC NEBA NEDT Neff NEI NERF NESDIS NetCDF NF NFOV NFOVR N.G.C.C. NGDC NGM

now available sodium ion sodium chloride Naval Air Development Center designator for NASA grant NCAR Airborne Infrared Lidar System Navy Aerosol Model North Atlantic Regional Experiment Naval Air Station; National Academy of Sciences National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Aerospace Safety Information System Naval Air Station at San Nicolas Island, CA nautical mile navigation Naval Surface Weapons Center National Bureau of Standards number of cloud type/observing condition cases no coverage National Center for Atmospheric Research NASA Climate Data System National Center for Environmental Prediction radiance from the cirrus layer with the cloud present (bispectral cloud retrieval algorithm-Stowe et al.) radiance from the cirrus layer if it were clear National Climate Project Office(NOAA) National Center for Supercomputing Applications particle size distribution function (?, KS met station designator) neodymium:ytterbium-aluminum-garnet noise equivalent temperature North Equatorial Current NASA Employees Benefit Association noise equivalent temperature effective downward radiance noise equivalent irradiance Naval Electromagnetic Radiation Facility; provides NORAPS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service(NOAA) Network Common Data Format (describes ARMAR electronic component) near field of view Narrow Fielf-of-view Radiometer (Canadian Coast Guard R/V designation) National Geophysical Data Center (type of meteorological analysis)

NH NH3 NH4+ Ni Ni NIMBUS NIP NIR NIRS Nl nm NMC Nmcld Nmclr NMHC NO No NO2 NO3NOx NOy NOAA NOAA 9 NOAA 10 NOAA K NODS NOGAPS NOPC NORAPS NOSC NOTAM NOVAM NPS N(r) NRC NRe,max NRL NRT NRZI Ns NSA NSCAT NSF NSI

Northern Hemisphere; low or middle cloud amount code ammonia ammonia ion nickel number of ice crystals being formed NASA meteorological research satellite series(1-7) Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer near infrared Near-Infrared Spectroradiometer radiance from the atmosphere below the cirrus layer nanometer(10-9) National Meteorological Center(WMO); Numeric Meteorologic Center (NOAA) measured radiance at surface with cirrus present measured radiance at the surface with clear sky non methane hydrocarbons nitric oxide number density nitrogen dioxide nitrate ion nitrogen oxides(NO, NO2, NO3) reactive nitrogen species National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (launched 12/12/84; polar orbiter) (launched 9/17/86; polar orbiter) eleventh polar orbiting satellite in TIROS series NASA Ocean Data System (organization involved in T/C data analysis) NOAA Ocean Products Center Naval Operations Regional Atmospheric Prediction System model Naval Ocean Systems Center(San Diego-DOD) Notice To Airmen Naval Oceanic Vertical Aerosol Model Naval Postgraduate School number of cloud particles per unit volume; atmospheric molecular number density National Research Council maximum Reynolds Number Naval Research Laboratory (R/V Valdivia dimension) Non Return To Zero Invert nimbostratus; number of independent samples North Slope of Alaska NASA Scatterometer National Science Foundation San Nicolas Island, CA met station designator

NSIDC NSS NSSDC NSSL NSSTS NSWC Nt NTIS Nu NUC NUKC-130 NW NWP NWS N.W.T. NZ O O2 O3 O-A OAB OAII OAO OAP-200X Obs OC OCAR OCCG OCD OCM OCTS ODRA ODW OFAP OFPS OGCM OGP OGSC; OGSF OH OLR OLS OLS-L OLS-T

National Snow and Ice Data Center non-sea salt sulfate National Space Science Data Center National Severe Storms Laboratory(NOAA) Near-surface Salinity and Temperature System Naval Surface Warefare Center total number of samples required; total numbe in distribution National Technical Information Service radiance from the atmosphere above the cirrus layer nucleation of ice crystals (UK airplane) Northwest National Weather Prediction National Weather Service(NOAA) Northwest Territories New Zeland optical propagation sensor oxygen ozone coupled oceanographic-atmosphere Ocean Affairs Board(NAS) Ocean-Atmosphere-Ice Interaction Office of Aircraft Operations(NOAA) (PMS optical array probe) observation operations coordinator (NOAA organization) Operations Center Coordinator Group Ocean Chemistry Division(AOML) OLR climatological minimum Ocean Color Temperature Scanner(Japan)(ADEOS-1) aircraft drift angle Omega Drop Windsonde System Observational Facilities Advisory Panel Office of Field Project Support(UCAR) ocean general circulation model Office of Global Programs(DOC) aircraft ground speed hydroxyl radical outgoing longwave radiation Optical Line Scanner; Over Larger Scale(out to 100 km); Operational Line-scan System(DMSP) broadband visible channel(0.4-1.1um)(DMSP) broadband IR channel(10.2-12.8um)(DMSP)

OM OMA OMEGA OMM Omnet ONR ONT OP Op OPC OPG OPO ops; op Opt. Lett. opt ORG ORI OSA OSC OSSA OSU OUN ovlp OWCP P (p) p* P-3 P-3B P(, , `) PA PAC PALACE PAMS PAN PAR 210 Pb PBL PC Pc PCAB PCASP PCDS

Operations Manager Omahe, NE met site identifier (long range navigation aid) (ARC Medium Altitude Missions Branch organization designator) (a subnet of Telemail) Office of Naval Research(DOD) (Navy program) Operations Plan; operation operational Ocean Products Center Optical Precipitation Gauge optical parametric oscillator operations; operational Optics Letters optical optical rain gauge Ocean Research Institute outer soundings array Ocean Science Committee(OAB) Office of Space Science and Applications(NASA) Oregon State University Norman, OK met station designator cloud overlap conditions Office of Workers Compensation Program lidar pointing mode: off-zenith direction; particle; potential vorticity; lidar emitted power; pressure as a function of pressure saturation point pressure NOAA airplane NASA Wallops airplane azimuthally averaged phase function highest priority Pacific profiling ALACE Portable Automated Mesonet Stations peroxyacetyl nitrate parallel lead isotope planetary boundary layer personal computer; lowest priority cloud-top pressures cabin static pressure Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Pilot Climate Data System(NASA-GSFC)

PCLASS PCM PD PDF PDL PDT perp PERT Pf ph; phas Ph. D. PI PIA PIN PIR PITCH PLA PLS-PMT PLTHD PLWC; XLWC PLWCF PM PMEL PMM PMS PMT PMTC PNG PNI PO POINT SUR pol POLDER POLES POMMAR PORP POSEIDON ppb PPI ppm pptn PR P(R)

Processed CLASS Profiling Current Meter photodiode probability density function; power density function; probability distribution function Polarization Diversity Lidar Pacific Daylight Time perpendicular Program Evaluation and Review Technique probability of freezing phase Doctor of Philosophy Principal Investigator; pristine ice Peoria, IL met station identifier Pacific Island Network Precision Infrared Radiometer(model of Eppley Lab pyrgeometer[0.3-3.0 m]) aircraft pitch angle Platteville, WI met station identifier (night time-only low-light sensor[0.45-0.95um][OLS]) inertial platform heading cloud liquid water content profiles of liquid water content program manager Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory(DOE) Probability Matching Method Particle Measurment Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO photo-multplier tube Pacific Missile Test Center Papua, New Guinea Pohnpei, FSM met station site designator polar orbiter MS R/V polarization Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances experiment Polar Exchange at the Sea Surface (designator for Le Suroit met station) porpoise motion (French component of TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite) parts per billion radar mode; azimuth scan @ fixed elevation parts per million precipitation Precipitation Radar; pressure; precipitation rate power incident upon receiver

PRC precip press pressr alt PRF PROBE Proc PROFS PROTEUS PRT-4, -5, -6 PS Ps PSA PSB; PSW PSC PSFD PSP PSS pstat PSU PSUCS PSW Pt PTCE PTCH PTS PVM-5 PVM-100A PV-WAVE PW Q q Q 1; Q 2 q* QABS qb qE qh QL q1 qo qr qs

Peoples Republic of China precipitation pressure pressure altitude pulse repetition frequency Pilot Radiation Observation Experiment proceedings Program for Regional Observing and Forecasting Services(FSL) Profile Telemetry of Upper Ocean Currents models of Barnes Engineering precision radiation thermometers power supply surface pressure particle surface area static pressure Polar Stratospheric Clouds fuselage static pressure Precision Solar Pyranometer(model of Eppley Lab pyranometer[4.0-50.0 m]); pitot-static pressure photostationary state static pressure Pennsylvania State University Penn State University Continental Stratus wing static pressure transmitted power Pilot Tropical Cirrus Experiment aircraft pitch angle points (Kwajalein lidar test series) Particulate Volumn Monitor model (software used to create browse images) precipitable water total-water mixing ratio; extinction efficiency viewing zenith angle; moisture; specific humidity; water vapor mixing ratio apparent heat sources and sinks saturation mixing ratio particle absorption efficiency net upward longwave radiation equivalent potential temperature latent heat loss (related to cloud amount) liquid water mixing ratio solar zenith angle total water content; unfiltered liquid water content sensible heat loss

qv qE QZ Q-bay QCB; QCW QCF; QCR; QCW Qext QJRMS QM qT QTOT, q QUAD Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. R r R1 R2 R3 R+3% R R RA Ra RAAF RAB rad RADN RAE RAF Ram RAMS RASS R & AT Ravg rb RBAR rc Re Rcld Rclr Rd

(mean boundary layer turbulence measure) mixing ratio from EG & G detector (related to cloud amount) (ER-2 instrument equipment compartment) indicated air speed indicated airspeed pressure extinction efficiency Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society quality monitoring sea surface net heat flux total water(vapor and liquid) mixing ratio (type of aircraft flight leg on T/C) Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society results; instrumentation site; rain rate; variance; rawinsonde; range; cloud albedo; scattering ratio; measured cloud reflectance ratio: viewed direction to nadir; ratio range enhanced deployment mode for met soundings intensive deployment mode for met soundings minimal deployment mode for met soundings reflectance threshold cloud retrieval algorithm normalized nadir reflectance ideal gas constant for water vapor Radar Altimeter(ERS-1) Raleigh Number Royal Australian Air Force Rabaul, PNG met station site designator radiation; radian; radiometer; radar radiation Royal Aerospace Establishment(UK) Research Aircraft Experiment; Research Aviation Facility(NCAR) moist Raleigh number Radiation Measurment System(ER-2); Regional Atmospheric Modeling System(CSU) Radio Acoustic Sounding System Research and Advanced Technology average rain rate cloud base altitude weighted aerosol radius reflectivity of broken clouds; cloud albedo eddy Reynolds number average cloudy pixel reflectance clear-sky reflectance ideal gas constant for dry air

RDF RDP RDS RDSS Refl REORDER rep REQMTS re re; reff res RESSAC RESURS Rev. Geophys. RG8; WG7 RGD RGPS RH RHGT RHI RHOLA r.h.s. RHw Ri RICE RM rm RMS Rn 222 Rn ROCEW ROLL ROWS RP rp RPN R. S. rs Rsat RSC RSM RSMAS

real data fine Research data Program real data smooth Research and Data Support System(NCAR) reflectance (NCAR software for radar data analysis) repetition requirements desired cloud reflectivity effective particle/droplet radius; cirrus cloud effective radius resolution Radar d'Etude du Spectre de Surface par Analyse Circulaire(France) Russian satellite designed for Earth observations and for carrying high resolution multi-spectral cameras Reviews of Geophysics (pyranometer dome type) Raleigh-Gans-Debye approximation Radarsat Geophysical Processing System working group(NASA) relative humidity aircraft geometric altitude range-height indicator(scans); radar mode; elevation scan @ fixed azimuth; relative humidity wrt ice Lyman- hygrometer right hand side relative humidity wrt water Richardson number Rosemount Icing detector Rosemount mean radius of cloud droplets root-mean-square Fresnel reflectance radon isotope Role of Clouds, Energy and Water program(NSF) aircraft roll angle Radar for Observing the Wave Spectrum Reference Publication(NASA) aperature radius Recherche en Precision Numerique(Canada AES) radiosounding reflectivity for cloud-free ocean background; sphere radius saturation reflectance attenuated scattering ratio Randall, Shao, Moeng reference Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science

RSTB RT R-T rt RTI R/V rv RWU S s s, sec SA SACM SAGE I SAGE II SAGEM SAIC SAIL samp SAR SARE SARI SASS sat SATA SATNAV SBIR SBUV SC Sc sc ScaRaBE SCAR A SCAR B Scat Scatt scc SCICEX SCM SCMS SCR SCSI SCT

radiometric surface temperature right rainrate history cloud top altitude range-time indicator research vessel mean volumn-radius; mean droplet radius; volumn-averaged radius (descriptor of measured water) lidar scanning mode: stepped or continuously pointed in different directions; stratus; South; sodar; slope of regression line dry static energy; path length second lidar scan by rotating azimuth angle; Service d'Aeronomie(France); single aircraft Smart Acoustic Current Meter Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment I(AEM-B) Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II(ERBS) (R/V Valdivia log) Science Applications International Corporation Serial ASCII Instrumentation Loops sample Synthetic Aperature Radar (Mto France/SETIM system) Subduction Accelerated Research Initiative Subsonic Assessment Program(AEAP) satellite Servio Aoreano de Transportes Areos(Azores) satellite navigation Small Business Innovative Research Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument spatial coherence cloud retrieval algorithm; Stevens and Ciesielski stratocumulus clouds; critical supersaturation entirely cloudy region Scanner for Radiation Budget Experiment Sulphates, Clouds and Radiation-Atlantic Smoke, Clouds and Radiation-Brazil mission(NASA) scatter scatterometer super cloud cluster Submarine Science Ice Experiment(ONR) single-column model Small Cumulus Microphysical Study Surface Contour Radar small computer systems interface stratus-to-cumulus transition

sct Scu scud SD SDD SDF SDG SDS SDSMT SDST SeaCat SeaDAS SeaDataTPR SeaMail SEAS SEASOAR SeaWIFS sec Seff SEM SEMAPHORE sens sensi sest SET SETIM SF SF6 SFC SFMR SFS SGL SH SHEBA SHFG SHOM SHP SHSG SI Si Si SIO SIRIS Skihi

scattered stratocumulus cloud (cloud condition) size distribution; standard deviation (type of rawinsonde) standard data format; stored data fine Snow Depth Gauge stored data smooth South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Science Data Support Team(MODIS) sea category (UK C-130 recording system);(SeaWifs Data Analysis System) Sea Data Temperature and Pressure Recorder COMSAT communications Shipboard Environmental Automated System Towed Profiling CTD and ADCP system Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor second effective supersaturation scanning electron microscopy (specific objective experiment supporting ASTEX[France]) sensor sensible estimated standard deviation (NASA Hq. organization) Service des Equipments et des Techniques Instrumentales(France) upward source function sodium hexafluoride surface Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer sequential forward selection single-layered cloud system with retrieved cloud properties Southern Hemisphere Surface Heat Budget in the Arctic(DOE) Spherical Harmonic Spatial Grid Method(CSU) Service Hydrographique et Oceanographique de la Marine(France) shaft horsepower Spherical Harmonic Spatial Grid Solomon Islands silicon ice supersaturation Scripps Institute of Oceanography(University of CA-San Diego) Stratospheric Infrared Interferometric Spectrometer (GISS atmospheric model)

SL SLP SLW sm SMA SMB SM Isl SML SMMR SMSST SNI SNOW SNR so SO2 SO4-SOA SOB SOC SOCEX I & II SOD SODAR SOFIA sol sound; snd SOW SP SPAN SPCZ SPDT SPEC Spec Hum SPECTRE SPERAD SPFR SPOT Sr SRB SRI ss SSB SSEC SSFR SSG

Saberliner airplane super long play supercooled liquid water region of small cumulus clouds Santa Maria, Azores met station ID Systems Management Branch Santa Maria Island surface mixed layer Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer satellite-measured skin surface temperature San Nicolas Island Service d'Hydrographie at d'Oceanologie de la Marine(France) signal to noise ratio solar spectral flux sulfur dioxide sulfate ion (ASTEX experiment-flux) (ASTEX experiment-MESO) (ASTEX experiment-POLDER) Southern Ocean Cloud Experiments (ASTEX experiment-water) Sound Detection and Ranging Surface of the Ocean Fluxes and Interaction with the Atmosphere solar sounding statement of work lidar scan by rotating about pointing direction Space Physics Analysis Network Southern Pacific Convergence Zone single-pole double-throw switch Stratton Park Engineering Co., Inc. specific humidity Spectral Radiation Experiment Spectrally-scanning Radiometer Spectral Flux Radiometer System pour l'observation de la Terre(French satellite) steradian Surface Radiation Budget Stanford Research Institute (activity during aircraft flight leg) single side band Space Science and Engineering Center(University of Wisconsin-Madison) Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer Scientific Steering Group

SSH2 SSM SSM/I SSM/T SSM/T2 SSR SSRP SSS SSSF SST SSU Ssw ST St STA stack STBL STC STD RES STEP STERAO STI STORM STP STR Strato 2C Strato cu strue STX SUCCESS SUN sun fol SUNYA surf SVCA S-VHS SW Sw SWB; SWBT SWcorr SWG SW-NE SWR Swtr

(16 channel radiometer used in Cirrus IFO-II on NCAR King Air) Sault Ste. Marie, MI met station identifier; Special Sensor Magnetometer(DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature Sounder Special Sensor Microwave/Water Vapor Sounder Soviet Socialist Republic Spectral Surface Radiation Program sea-surface salinity Surface and Soundings Systems Facility(NCAR) sea surface temperature Statospheric Sounding Unit swirling intensity ship track mission; radiometric surface temperature stratus met station aircraft tracks above/below each other stratus-topped boundary layer St. Cloud, MN met station identifier standard resolution Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project Stratospheric-Tropospheric Experiments: Radiation, Aerosols and Ozone (optical rain gage) Stormscale Operational and Research Meteorology program static pressure (weather pattern) UAV for atmospheric measurments(Germany) stratocumulus clouds true standard deviation S T Systems Corporation Subsonic Aircraft: Contrails and Cloud Effects Special Study (workstation) sun following State University of New York-Albany surface (type of weather report) Super/Video Home System short wave vertical velocity skewness visible radiation corrected irradiance Science Working Group Southwest-Northeast short-wavelength radar sea water

Symp. (syn) Sys SZ sza T (T-Td) t T-3K T-39 T TA Ta Ta TACAN TAMU TAO TAR TASP TATDI TATND TB TBB Tb TBD TBS TC; T/C TC Tc Tc TCA TCBL TCG TCIPO Tcld Tclr TCM TCPIP TCP/IP TCPO Tcs TCST

symposium synchro system lidar scan by stepping zenith angle solar zenith angle Temperature; tethered; tower system; mean temperature along flight leg; above cloud parcel; measured IR temperature; cloud optical thickness dew point depression optical thickness temperature threshold cloud retrieval algorithm NASA Wallops airplane equivalent blackbody temperature tail antenna air temperature atmospheric transmittance above cloud Tactical Air Navigation system Texas A & M University tropical atmosphere ocean UNIX archive file extension Tropical Area Special Product de-iced total air temperature total air temperature equivalent blackbody temperature; boundary temperature Black-body temperature (GCE cloud model output related to precipitation profile) to be determined Tethered Balloon System TOGA COARE cloud temperature cloud top temperature cosmic noise temperature; cloud transmittance to downward direct radiation TOGA COARE Central Archive trade-wind cumulus boundary layer time code generator TOGA COARE International Project Office average cloudy pixel temperature; transmittance of the cirrus layer with the cloud present clear-sky brightness temperature; transmittance of the cirrus layer if it were clear time compression multiplexing TOGA COARE Program International Panel Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TOGA/COARE Project Office clear-sky temperature; clear-sky temperature TC Science Team

TDDR Tdp; Tdew; Td Tech. Telemail TEM TEMP TEO3C Texas A & M TFOV Tg TH THI THIR ti TIC TIFF TIROS N TISO TIWE tk TKE TL Tl TM TMI TMR TMS T/O TOA TOC TOGA COARE TOMS TOP TOPEX Tot TOVS TP T. Prof. TPYR1; BPYR1 TPYRG; BPYRG TR T/R

Total-Direct-Diffuse Radiometer dew point temperature technical (self-contained commercial network providing e-mail and bulletin board services) transmission electron microscopy temperature (ozone monitor) Texas Agriculture and Mechanical University telescope field of view surface temperature cloud top temperature aircraft true heading Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer(Nimbus 7) cloud mean transmissivity Turbulence Instrument Clusters tag image file format fourteenth Television Infrared Observation Satellite; third generation of NOAA operational meteorological satellites Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation Tropical Instability Wave Experiment time to reach Kalmogorov turbulence scale thermodynamic kinetic equilibrum; turbulent kinetic energy aircraft landing time lidar rerived cloud top temperature; transmittance of the atmosphere above the cirrus layer Thematic Mapper(LANDSAT); Technical Memorandum(NASA) TRMM Microwave Imager TOPEX Microwave Radiometer Thematic Mapper Simulator take off time top of the atmosphere Table of Contents Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere/Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer Topeka, KS met station designator Ocean Topography Experiment(NASA) total TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder(NOAA PO) self-contained temperature pod temperature profile visible radiation IR radiation temperature recorder (ARMAR electronic component)

Tr Trkr TRMM Trx TS Ts TSCC TSDIS TSEC TSF TSI TSV Tt TTB; TTF; TTR TTFH; TTWH TTKP Tu Turb TUS TUV; BUV TUVR TV TWC TWP TWTA U U; Univ U* u UA UA UAV U AZ UB UBLF Uc UCAR UC-I UCLA UC-SD; U Cal-SD UDE; U. Denver; UD UF UGC Uh

room temperature; cloud transmittance; PRT-5 derived cloud top temperature tracker Tropoical Rainfall Measuring Mission(Japan) receiver noise temperature clear-sky temperature static air temperature; surface temperature Tilt-scan CCD Camera TRMM Science and Data Information System Translinear Scanning Electro-Optical Camera(ER-2) Typical Shape Function analysis Thermal Systems, Inc. Townsville, Australia met location designator cloud-top temperature reverse flow total air temperature total air temperature(deiced) total air temperature(fast response K-probe) cloud transmittance to upward direct radiation turbulence Tucson, AZ met station designator ultraviolet radiation Total ultraviolet radiation television total water content Tropical Western Pacific Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier North-South wind component university friction velocity wind speed; cloud total optical depth University of Alaska vertical air velocity unmanned aerial vehicle; upper atmosphere vehicle University of Arizona University of Birmingham(UK) (R/V Akademik Kurchatov radio communication call sign) cell speed University Corporation for Atmospheric Research University of California-Irvine University of California at Los Angeles University of California-San Diego University of Denver universal format zenith IR radiation aircraft constant altitude wind measurement; wind speed in the shear zone

UHA; UH UHB UHF UI UID UIR UIUC UK UKMO UKMRF UL ULI ULIS ULS Um UMD UMIST UN UNC; UNR UND UNISYS UNIX UNOLS UPS URI URL US USAF USB UT UTC UTH Utrech; UUTR UUT; U. Utah UV UVB; UVT UV-b UW; UWA; U of Wash u'w' U. Wis.; UWI UWO V

University of Hawaii University of Hamburg(Germany) ultra high frequency University of Illinois east velocity component upwelling infrared University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United Kingdom United Kingdom Meteorological Office Meteorological Research Facility(UK) upper cloud layer University of Lisbon(Portugal) (Merlin IV INS type) Upward Looking Sonar cross-roll velocity University of Maryland Univ. of Manchester(UK) Institute of Science and Technology United Nations zenith visible radiation University of North Dakota United Information System (AT&T Bell Labs operating system) University National Oceanographic Laboratory System United Parcel Post University of Rhode Island Uniform Resource Locator(Internet) upwelling solar; United States United States Air Force University of Sabatier(France) universal time; upper troposphere Universal Time Code upper troposphere humidity University of Utrecht(Netherlands) University of Utah ultraviolet ultraviolet radiation ultraviolet radiation; 280-320 nm University of Washington surface flux of water vapor University of Wisconsin University of Wormley(UK) vertical resolution; East-West axis wind component; ventilation mass flux; sampling volume

(VT) (VTd) v v2 V&H Va V-AC VACM VAD VAFB VALD VAS VAWR VAX Vc VCR VCT Vd VE Vf VFR VGA VH V&H VH-CAT VHF VHS VID VIGO VIL VIPS VIR VIRL VIRS VIS VISSR VIZ VLA VLF Vm VMCM VME

temperature advection dewpoint advection volometric rainfall; mean reflectivity; volts; thermopile voltage; eddy diffusivity; true air speed eddy diffusivity term vertical and horizontal resolution vertical air motion voltage-alternating curret Vector Averaging Current Meter velocity-azimuth display; vapor-phase axial deposition analysis Vandenberg Air Force Base R/V Valdivia(Germany) VISSR Atmospheric Sounder(GOES) Vector Averaging Wind Recorder (type of computer) voltage output of radiometer being calibrated video cassette recorder Victoria, TX met station designator mean doppler velocity; radiometer dark voltage East component of aircraft ground speed particle fall velocity visual flight rules (type of video monitor) (ARMAR polarization mode) vertical and horizontal resolution (descriptor of FOKKER F-27) very high frequency Video Home System north velocity component (ASTEX Spanish R/V) Volumn Imaging Lidar Video Ice Particle Sampler cloud cover determined from visible and IR data Visible and Near IR Lidar Visible and Infrared Scanner visible Visible/Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer(GOES) VIZ Manufacturing Co., Phila., PA; NWS and SPECTRE sonde absolute humidity very low frequency voltage output of source monitor at Tr; along-roll velocity; doppler velocity of particle Vector Measuring Current Meter virtual memory environment

VN vol VOR VORTAC VOS VPP Vs Vt VV VZ VZ VZI W w w/ w'v w* WAU WB-57F WC WCRP WD WDC-A we WEFAX WETNET WFF WG WG/DM WHOI WID WISP WL WMC WMO wo WOCE WP WP-3D WPDN WPL wrt

North component of aircraft ground speed volumn VHF omnidirectional range VHF omnirange TACAN volunteer observer ships (related to Mie scattering phase function) volume in which radar backscatter occurs terminal velocity (ARMAR polarization mode) aircraft vertical velocity viewing zenith angle aircraft IRS vertical velocity West; wind component along axis perpendicular to Earth; column integral of atmospheric water vapor; integrated liquid water content; ice-water content vertical velocity; Western part of IFA area; air velocitywatts; mass flux velocity; mixing ratio with virtual potential temperature of water vapor convective velocity Wausau, WI met station designator (NASA and NCAR airplanes) water closet World Climate Research Program(WMO) wind direction World Data Center-A entrainment velocity Weather Facimile(via geosynchronous weather satellites) (network for distribution and joint analysis of SSM/I data[MSFC]) Wallops Flight Facility(NASA) Working Group Working Group on Data Management(ISCCP) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute vertical velocity Winter Icing and Storms Project wavelength World Meteorological Center World Meteorological Organization cloud single scattering albedo World Ocean Circulation Experiment(WCRP) wind profiler; way point (NOAA airplane) Wind Profiler Demonstration Network Wave Propogation Laboratory(NOAA) with respect to

WS WSCMO WSfI WSFO WSI WSMO WSO WSW wT WW WWB WWW W(Z) X x Xals X-band XBT XLWC; PLWC XRF xs XVI Xwind XXX YAG YR YSI YVI YYY Z z [Delta]Z za Zb; ZLC Zc zc ZDR Ze ZEB Zeb Zen Zi ZIP

wind speed Weather Service Contract Meteorological Observatory Whole Surface Imager Weather Service Forecast Office Whole Sky Imager Weather Service Meteorological Observatory Weather Service Office West SouthWest in-cloud circulation speed present weather code Westerly wind bursts World Weather Watch(WMO) water vapor profile no priority vapor mixing ratio of mixed eddy; wavelet location crystals 5.2-10.9 GHz Expendible Bathythermograph hot wire cloud liquid water content x-ray fluorescence saturation mixing ratio of mixed eddy aircraft East-West ground speed cross wind direction single-layered cloud system with retrieved cloud properties yittrium-aluminum-garnet year Yellow Springs Instrumentation, Inc. aircraft North-South ground speed no cloud property retrieval altitude; lidar zenith pointing: Zulu(local) time altitude vertical resolution; cloud thickness zenith angle cloud bottom height cloud top altitude; effective cloud center altitude cloud top[ height (differential reflectivity) observed radar reflectivity zenith-enhanced backscatter (NCAR software for radar data analysis) zenith angle radar reflectivity; boundary layer depth; ice reflectivity factor zone of priority investigation

ZnSe ZNTH Z-R zsc Zsi; Zt; Zuc zt

zinc selenide zenith rain rate-altitude profile satellite cloud-top altitude cloud top height cloud top altitude; height of capping temperature inversion

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