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SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2024

BIOLOGY KERTAS 2 / PAPER 2 NOV. / DIS. 3JAM / 3HOUR

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JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
1. This question paper consist of two section: Section A and Section B. 2. Answer all questions in Section A and four questions from Section B. 3. Write your answers on the `writing paper provided by the invigilators. 4. Answer the questions in Section B in detail. You may use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer. 5. Show your working. It may help you to get marks. 6. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated. 7. Marks allocated for each question or part question are shown in brackets. 8. The time suggested to answer Section A is 1 hours and Section B is 2 hours. 9. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator. 10. Hand in your answer sheets at the end of the examination.

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Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 12 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman tidak bercetak.

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2 Section A (50 marks) Answer all question.

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1. An experiment to study osmoregulation in human was carried out by relating the volume of water intake to the volume of urine produced. Four groups of students which are group P,group Q, group R and group S were given different volume of plain water to drink. After one hour, each student in the groups urinated and collected their urine in a measuring cylinder. The volume of urine produced is recorded in Table 1. (a) (i) Based on Table 1,state two different observations that can be made in this experiment. ( 3 marks ) (ii) Hence, state the inference which corresponds to each observations in (a) (i) . ( 3 marks ) (b) (i) State the variables and the method to handle variables. ( 6 marks ) (ii) State the hypothesis for this experiment. ( 3 marks ) (iii) Construct a table and record the data collected in this experiment. Your table should contain the following titles: ( 3 marks )

Volume of water intake Volume of urine produced by each student Average volume of urine produced

(c) Use the graph paper provided to answer this part of question.

Using the data in 1(b)(iv), draw the graph of average volume of urine produced against the volume of water intake. ( 3 marks ) (d) Based on the graph in 1(c) , explain the relationship between the volume of water intake to the average volume of urine produced. ( 3 marks ) (e) Another group of student is given 100 ml of plain water which is added with 10g of table salt. Predict the average volume of urine produced after one hour. Explain your prediction. ( 3 marks ) (f) Based on the results from the experiment, what can be deduced about osmoregulation? ( 3 marks )

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Table 1

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2. Answer any one task.

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Task I : Plants require carbon dioxide and water to synthesize organic compounds in the presence of light energy in a process called photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis is affected by factors such as concentration of carbon dioxide, light intensity, and temperature. Based on the above information, plan a laboratory experiment to study the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant. Task II : Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from plants, especially in leaves. Transpiration occurs mostly through stomata. The amount of water lost by a plant depends on the number of leaves, light intensity, temperature, humidity and wind speed. Based on the information, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of the number of leaves on the rate of transpiration in a hibiscus plant. TABLE 2.1

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects: Problem statement Hypothesis Variables List of apparatus and materials Experimental procedure Presentation of data ( 20 marks )

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5 Section B (80 marks) Answer four question only.

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3. Diagram 3.1 shows a food pyramid.

Diagram 3.1

(a) Explain why ice-cream and butter cake are placed at level 4 in the food pyramid. ( 6 marks )

(b) Explain the importance of consuming food from level 2 in our daily diet. ( 4 marks )

Diagram 3.2 show a few examples of fresh food and processed food.

Diagram 3.2 (c) Discuss the good effects and bad effects of processed food in our daily life. ( 10 marks )

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4. Diagram 4.1 shows the distribution zones of mangrove trees K and L found in Kuala Kedah.

Diagram 4.1

(a) Explain how mangrove trees K able to survive in zone U. ( 10 marks )

(b) Mangrove tree L is a successor of mangrove tree K. Explain how the process of succession occurs. ( 10 marks )

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows the growing of pollen tube in the style and the process of double fertilisation in flowering plant.

Diagram 5.1 (a) Describe the growing process of pollen tube in the style and the process of double fertilisation in flowering plant. ( 10 marks )

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Diagram 5.2 shows the stages of secondary growth in a dicotyledonous stem.

Diagram 5.2

(b) Explain the process of secondary growth in a dicotyledonous stem. ( 10 marks )

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6. Diagram 6.1 shows the respiratory centre and chemoreceptors which are involved in the regulation of carbon dioxide content in the body.

Diagram 6.1

(a) Based on diagram 6.1 explain how respiratory centre responses when the carbon dioxide content in the body increases during vigorous exercise. ( 10 marks )

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10

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Diagram 6.2 shows the respiratory structure X and Y in the fish and human

(b) Explain the similarities between respiratory structure X and Y in order to function efficiently. ( 10 marks )

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7. Diagram 7.1 shows the stages in blood clotting.

(a) Based on the diagram and on your biological knowledge, describe how the mechanism of blood clotting help to prevent infection when a wound occurs. ( 10 marks ) The statement below describe the lymphatic system.

Lacteals in interstinal villi transport products of lipids. About 10% of interstitial fluid returns to the circulatory system via the lymphatic system.

(b) (i) State another two statement that describe the lymphatic system. ( 2 marks ) (ii) Based on these statements, explain why the lymphatic system is considered complementary to the blood circulatory system. ( 8 marks )

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8.

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Movement of substances across the plasma membrane in the cell is important for the continuity in life of organisms. The process helps to maintain a constant internal environment.
(a) (i) Explain the importances of plasma membrane for the survival of living organism. .( 6 marks ) (ii) Hence, differentiate the characteristics of the cell wall and the plasma membrane. ( 4 marks ) (b) Diagram 8.1 shows two types of transport of substances through plasma membrane.

Diagram 8.1

Explain the two types of transport of substances through plasma membrane shown in diagram above. ( 10 marks )

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13

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END OF QUESTION PAPER / KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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