2009 World Population Data Sheet

As World Population Approaches 7 Billion, the Youth Population Is More and More Concentrated in Africa and Asia.

AUGUST 2009

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A population is the collection of interbreeding organisms of a particular species; in sociology, a collection of human beings.

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Causes of Population
Decline in the Death Rate

The fall in death rates that is decline in mortality rate is one fundamental causes of overpopulation. Owing to the advancements in medicine, man has found cures to the previously fatal diseases. The new inventions in medicine have brought in treatments for most of the dreadful diseases. This has resulted in an increase in the life expectancy of individuals. Mortality rate has declined leading to an increase in population. Owing to modern medications and improved treatments to various illnesses, the overall death rate has gone down. The brighter side of it is that we have been able to fight many diseases and prevent deaths. On the other hand, the medical boon has brought with it, the curse of overpopulation.
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Rise in the Birth Rate

The new discoveries in nutritional science,
have been able to bring in increase in the fertility rates of human beings. Medicines of today can boost the reproductive rate in human beings. There are medicines and treatments, which can help in conception. Thus, science has led to an increase in birth rate. This is certainly a reason to be proud and happy but advances in medicine have also become a cause of overpopulation.
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Migration
Immigration is a problem in some parts of the

world. If the inhabitants of various countries migrate to a particular part of the world and settle over there, the area is bound to suffer from the ill effects of overpopulation. If the rates of emigration from a certain nation do not match the rates of immigration to that country, overpopulation makes its way. The country becomes overly populated. Crowding of immigrants in certain parts of the world, results in an imbalance in the density of population.

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The United States Will Continue to Become More Racially and Ethnically Percent of U.S. Population by Race and Ethnicity: At 300 Million and Diverse. 400 Million
AT 300 MILLION (2007) White Alone* Black or African American Alone* Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Islander Alone* 66 12 5 AT 400 MILLION (2039) 51 12 7

American Indian and Alaska Native Alone*

Two or More Races*

1
1

1
3

Hispanic (of any race)

TOTAL
* Excludes Hispanics.

15
100

26
100

Source: Population Reference Bureau, analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau.
2008 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
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Lack of Education
Illiteracy is another important cause of overpopulation. Those lacking education fail to understand the need to prevent excessive growth of population. They are unable to understand the harmful effects that overpopulation has. They are unaware of the ways to control population. Lack of family planning is commonly seen in the illiterate lot of the world. This is one of the major factors leading to overpopulation. Due to ignorance, they do not take to family planning measures, thus contributing to a rise in population.
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EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION

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Effects of Population
Depleting Natural Resources Technological advancements have not only transformed
human life but also the face of this planet. Cars, trains, aircrafts..., all have helped us save time which has added immensely to the efficiency of human beings. However, the numerous factories and industries, that manufacture goods without which, living a day would be unthinkable, need a regular supply of energy. For years, we have fallen back on fossil fuels, but so rampant has been the growth of industries that, we have practically dug up all the known deposits of coal, oil and natural gas. The state of affairs is so grim, that we have raged ghastly wars against other nations for want of energy. Deforestation and loss of ecosystems
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Extinction of Species To accommodate more people, we need more land. For setting up more industries and factories, we again need land. To build power plants, we require land. Our needs do not seem to end, but the land, definitely, is limited. But, so desperate is our requirement for space that we have been recklessly cutting down trees and clearing large areas of forests. With this we have been, and still are, wiping out hundreds of species, each day. These species are important for maintaining the delicate balance of nature on which existence of every life form on this planet depends, including ours. Mass species extinctions from reduced habitat in tropical forests due to slash-and-burn techniques that sometimes are practiced by shifting cultivators, especially in countries with rapidly expanding rural populations; presentextinction rates may be as high as 140,000 species lost per year. As of February 2011, the IUCN Red List lists a total of 801 animal species having gone extinct during recorded human history.[

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Environmental Effect
Pollution Other than guzzling down tonnes of fuel everyday, the thousands of industries, factories and vehicles that have become our lifeline, are continuously spewing out toxic gases. Besides, the harmful effects on our health, one of the gravest consequences of these gases is global warming. With the average temperature of the planet increasing at a steady rate, the levels of seas and oceans are also rising at an alarming rate. These elevated levels of water threaten to submerge low lying areas in the world.
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Effect on the Economy

As the population grows, it pushes the GDP per capita of a nation down. While the government tries to meet the needs of its people, with increase in population, the demand for resources keeps growing. With not enough food to take care of its men, such countries can't even think of producing surplus to export and with this starts the vicious cycle of relying on foreign debt. Poverty Starvation, malnutrition or poor diet with ill health and diet-deficiency diseases (e.g. rickets). However, rich countries with high population densities do not have famine.
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High infant and child mortality. High rates of infant mortality are caused by poverty. Rich countries with high population densities have low rates of infant mortality Low life expectancy in countries with fastest growing populations Unhygienic living conditions for many based upon water resource depletion, discharge of raw sewage [ and solid waste disposal. However, this problem can be reduced with the adoption of sewers. For example, after Karachi, Pakistan installed sewers, its infant mortality rate fell substantially Increased chance of the emergence of new epidemics and pandemics. For many environmental and social reasons, including overcrowded living conditions, malnutrition and inadequate, inaccessible, or non-existent health care, the poor are more likely to be exposed to infectious diseases.[ Less personal freedom and more restrictive laws. Laws regulate interactions between humans. Law "serves as a primary social mediator of relations between people." The higher the population density, the more frequent such interactions become, and thus there develops a need for more laws and/or more restrictive laws to regulate these interactions. It was even speculated by Aldous Huxley in 1958 that democracy is threatened due to overpopulation, and could give rise to totalitarian style governments.[204]

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World Population Growth Is Almost Entirely Concentrated in the World's Poorer Countries.
World Population (in Billions): 1950-2050

Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects, The 2008 Revision.
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The Worlds Youth Population Will Become More Concentrated in Africa and Asia.
Population Ages 15-24 by World Region: 1950 and 2050

1950
Source: Carl Haub and Mary Mederios Kent, 2009 World Population Data Sheet.

2050

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The Diversity of Youth

Peru Zambia Mali

27.9 million

12.2 million

12.7 million

2.6 children per woman 76% urban

6.2 children per woman 37% urban

6.0 children per woman 31% urban

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world's fourth largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US)

For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences 19th and early 20th centuries beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, his successor DENG Xiaoping focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight.

Great Wall of China

Tiananmen Square Guard

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Location: Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam Area :total: 9,596,960 sq km land: 9,326,410 sq km water: 270,550 sq km Land boundaries: total: 22,117 km border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km regional borders: Hong Kong 30 km, Macau 0.34 km Natural resources: coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)

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population

Population:1,306,313,812 (July 2005 est.) Age structure

0-14 years: 21.4% (male 148,134,928/female 131,045,415) 15-64 years: 71% (male 477,182,072/female 450,664,933) 65 years and over: 7.6% (male 47,400,282/female 51,886,182) (2005 est.)

Population growth rate 0.58% (2005 est.) Birth rate: 13.14 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) Death rate: 6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Total fertility rate:1.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Literacy: : age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90.9% male: 95.1% female: 86.5% (2002)
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GOVERNMENT

Government type:Communist state Capital:Beijing Administrative divisions:23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 4 municipalities (shi, singular and plural) : provinces: Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang : autonomous regions: Guangxi, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Xizang (Tibet) : municipalities: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin note: China considers Taiwan its 23rd province; see separate entries for the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau

Front of the Great Hall of the People

Picture of Mao Zedong

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Economy

In late 1978 the Chinese leadership began moving the economy from a sluggish, inefficient, Soviet-style centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented system. Whereas the system operates within a political framework of strict Communist control, the economic influence of non-state organizations and individual citizens has been steadily increasing. The authorities switched to a system of household and village responsibility in agriculture in place of the old collectivization, increased the authority of local officials and plant managers in industry, permitted a wide variety of smallscale enterprises in services and light manufacturing, and opened the economy to increased foreign trade and investment.

The result has been a quadrupling of GDP since 1978. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, China in 2004 stood as the secondlargest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still poor. Agriculture and industry have posted major gains especially in coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan and in Shanghai, where foreign investment has helped spur output of both domestic and export goods. The government has struggled to (a) sustain adequate jobs growth for tens of millions of workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, migrants, and new entrants to the work force; (b) reduce corruption and other economic crimes; and (c) keep afloat the large state-owned enterprises, many of which had been shielded from competition by subsidies and had been losing the ability to pay full wages and pensions. From 100 to 150 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time, low-paying jobs.

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ECONOMY

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $5,600 (2004 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 13.8% industry and construction: 52.9% services: 33.3% (2004 est.) Labor force:760.8 million (2003) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 49%, industry 22%, services 29% (2003 est.) Unemployment rate:9.8% in urban areas; unemployment (including rural areas) for 2003 at 20% (2004 est.) Population below poverty line:10% (2001 est.)

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China's Population Growth, A.D. 0 - 2050

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Population density in selected Chinese provinces and countries of comparable population size
Selected Chinese provinces
Total population*
(millions)

Countries of comparable population size

Population density
(people / km2)

Total population**
(millions)

Population density
(people / km2)

Shandong Guangdong / Hainan Jiangsu Hunan

86.2 72.6 68 62.5

562 343 663 306

Mexico Germany

84.5 79.4

43 222

Iran

58.9

36

Anhui
Hubei

58.7
55.9

420
301

Italy
France

57
56.7

189
103

Liaoning
Shanxi Inner Mongolia Tianjin Ningxia

39.8
29.6 22 8.9 4.9

273
189 19 787 95

Spain
Canada Australia Sweden Finland

39.3
27.8 16.9 8.6 5

78
3 2 19 15

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The Impact of Fertility Assumptions on Total Population Projections in China

Fertility Estimate / Projection 1994 Period Revision 1998 Revision Difference Year 1950 1950-55 1955-60 1960-65 1965-70 1970-75 1975-80 1980-85 1985-90 1990-95 1995-00 2000-05 2005-10 2010-15 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30 2030-35 2035-40 2040-45 2045-50 6.11 5.48 5.61 5.94 4.76 3.26 2.5 2.41 1.85 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 6.22 5.59 5.72 6.06 4.86 3.32 2.55 2.46 1.92 1.77 1.65 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.1 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 1994 Revision 554,760 609,005 657,492 729,191 830,675 927,808 998,877 1,070,175 1,155,305 1,216,089 1,265,889 1,301,231 1,326,814 1,348,339 1,361,692 1,363,000 1,350,678 1,325,808 1,292,860 1,250,899 Population Estimate / Projection 1998 Revision 554,760 609,005 657,492 729,191 830,675 927,808 998,877 1,070,175 1,155,305 1,220,516 1,276,213 1,315,885 1,345,998 1,370,923 1,388,265 1,394,280 1,386,891 1,367,471 1,338,371 1,298,948 Difference 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,427 10,324 14,654 19,184 22,584 26,573 31,280 36,213 41,663 45,511 48,049

1,199,919 1,250,100 50,181 2009 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org

Population Control Programs

Promotion on the use of Birth Control Methods (Birth Control Campaign) Setting Up Birth Control Offices in urban and rural areas One Child Policy

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ONE CHILD POLICY

The one-child policy was a highly ambitious population control program. Like previous programs of the 1960s and 1970s, the one child policy employed a combination of propaganda, social pressure, and in some cases coercion. The one-child policy was unique, however, in that it linked reproduction with economic cost or benefit. Under the one-child program, a sophisticated system rewarded those who observed the policy and penalized those who did not. Couples with only one child were given a "one-child certificate" entitling them to such benefits as cash bonuses, longer maternity leave, better child care, and preferential housing assignments. In return, they were required to pledge that they would not have more children. In the countryside, there was great pressure to adhere to the one-child limit. Because the rural population accounted for approximately 60 percent of the total, the effectiveness of the one-child policy in rural areas was considered the key to the success or failure of the program as a whole. Rapid fertility reduction associated with the one-child policy has potentially negative results. For instance, in the future the elderly might not be able to rely on their children to care for them as they have in the past, leaving the state to assume the expense, which could be considerable.

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PHILIPPINES

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 2009 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org

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