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STANDARDS REPORT
NBS REPORT
1973
10 987
NBS PROJECT
2321121
January 24 ,
B. Nelson Norden
S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
".
was established by an act of Congress March 3 1901. The Bureau s overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation s science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end , the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation s physical measurement system , (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government , (3) a technical basis for equity in trade , and (4) technical services to promote public safety,
The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the
Technology, and the Office for Information Programs,
Institute for Materials
Research , the Institute for Applied Technology, the Center for Computer Sciences and
THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential . services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation s scientific community, industry, and commerce, The Institute consists of a Center for Radiation Research , an Office of Measurement Services and the following divisions: Applied M athem atics- EI ectri ci ty- Heat - M echani cs-Opti cal Physics- L inac Radiation Nuclear Radiation Applied Radiation2-Quantum Electronics
Electromagnetics"- Time and Frequency" genies
THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards , and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce , educational institutions , and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops , produces, and distributes standard reference materials, The Institute con. sists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials and the following divisions: Anal ytical Chemistry~Pol ymers- Metallurgy-Inorganic Materials-Reactor
Radiation-Physical
Chemistry,
THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice. and services to Government agencies upon request. The Institute also monitors NBS engineering standards activities and provides liaison between NBS and national and international engineering standards bodies, The Institute . consists of a Center for Building Technology and the following
divisions and offices:
Engineering Standards Services- Weights
and Measures-Invention
and Inno-
Codes Services
THE CENTER FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improv. ing cost effectiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection , acquisition and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus within the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques , and computer languages, The Center
consists of the following
f'o
-Systems Development-Information Processing Technology. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world, and directs the public information activities of the Bureau, The Office consists of the following organizational units:
Publications-Library-Office
of International Relations,
uniess otherwise noted; majiing address
t Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, lIfar~' I"nd WashIngton , D, C, 20234, 2 Part of the Center for RadIation Resear('h.
3 Located at Boulder ,
Colorado 80302,
. .
NBS REPORT
1973
10 987
B. Nelson Norden
S. DEPA.RTMENT OF COMMERCE
Foreword
In view of the future NBS three-dimensional facility, we have sought to review some of our current calibration procedures and,
fac i1 i ty.
the fac ts
(1)
performed,
(2)
(3)
During recent months, with the installation of a computer timesharing facility, we have adopted more automated procedures of data
prOcess ing wherever poss ible.
in achieving the s
ta ted goals.
Introduc t ion
To measure accurately the pitch diameter (PD)* of a threaded plug,
a standard uniform practice has been established which utilizes small
(Fig. 1).
is perfect, this size, called the "best size wire " for any given pitch,
is given by the equation:
D = -See
where
D is diameter of wire
P is pitch
Ot
The measured value for the pitch diameter depends upon the accuracy
groove and
thread.
, "
The
(1)
axis)
(2) (3) (4)
variations from a true cylindrical contour (out of roundness)
surface finish
second order terms; i. e. various mechanical properties of the
investigated object, such as the non-homogeneity of the material and the anisotropicity of the elasticity, which have an effect upon the
deformation properties of the cylinder.
limits:
wire shall not exceed 10 micro-
(1)
(2)
exceed 10 microinches over the central one inch of the wire as determined
by measuring between a flat contact and . a 600 V-groove.
290 Stub Acme, and Buttress thread wires, the cylindrical contour limit
. .
(3)
(4)
(Ml or
wire which is to be used in measuring 600 threaded plugs, the measuring algorithm for our concept means measuring the wire diameter between a flat contact and a cylinder (with a surface roughness not
grea ter than 2 microinches AA).
brating a 600 thread wire are outlined below for all USA standard 600
thread wires, 290 Acme, and Buttress thread measuring wires.
(1)
Pitch
(TPI)
Measuring Force
Cylinder Size
(Diame ter)
20 or less
Above Above Above
lbs.
1.0
750 inch
750
125
20 thru 40 thru
80 thru 140
050
125
Above 140
(l)From NBS Handbook H28
020
Wires which are to be used where the contact is line contact, such as occurs when measuring the pitch diameter of gears, are standardized at I- pound force between plane parallel steel measuring sur-
faces.
When measuring a 600 threaded plug the wire presses on the flank
with a force applied by the measuring instrument.
Thus, it is desirable
limited.
600 thread wires that are used as reference masters are cali-
(Fig. 2).
inch.
urement error are random observational errors and, for larger diameter
conditions.
(round-
first.
To achieve
the preassigned accuracy for reference wires, usually two or more independent measurements were required to adequately describe the process.
There
self-checking
wires.
calibration.
of times over the past few years, we have a most probable value for
each master which is more reliable than any single " customer calibration
value we could do.
The process
thus involves a mechanical transfer from the NBS masters to the customers f produc t.
. master wir.es
inherent.
A com-
a significant advantage.
used in the least squares solution as a restraint and the difference is used as a check to determine if the measurement process is in sta-
Ml Tl Tl M2 Ml Ml
then:
where
iff1
:1/2
:ff:l
glance
model . ambiguity. " Th~ Ml-M2 col'tiInI1, indicat~s the observed differences
in the two NBS masters in microinches to p~rmit a quick check of either
ma. ster change or comparator scale constant drift.
deviation of the instrument and the fact that on~ uses redundant measurements of the test wir~s.
control.
the observed check value with the accepted check value and performs a
T-Test.
microinches.
3 micro-
.'
process, allows us to maintain overall system accuracy of approximate1y t 5 microinches for the calibration of reference wires.
transfer.
It offers
some of the same features of self-checking as the more elaborate system in that the three test wires are intercompared with two NBS masters
masters.
taken.
In this case
we have be
able to give the customer increased Gonfidence with less time for
performing the test and compiling the results.
There is little doubt that this change makes the NBS and the cus-
The answer to
size wires; and, since the uncertainty of the NBS masters is krtown to
be approximately I 3 microinches, we can still retain our I 5 micro
Detailed evidence to
ms.
and the results are summarized for one wire calibration using fourcolor interferometry versus a two-wire calibration utilizing the
four ones 'l
mas ters.
design
Future Procedures
(1)
An unusually large number of master wires are now being cataThis is psychologically disturbing in that these
(2)
system for the calibration of any special wires which may arrive.
. '
design of the anvils and the fitting of the data by the least squares adjustment of the 4-1 and calculation of any deformation corrections
whicy may be necessary.
Thus,
Conclusion
(1) (2)
Allows higher overall confidence in the measurement process, is economically more attractive in the calibration of cer-
(3)
any future
Appendix
Investigated Ob1ect
Cancept
.of theareti~
ics.
an which the magnitude
Unit
is expressed.
Uni t
Errar:
(arbitrarily)
Made 1 :
cancept
Signal
Model Ambb;uity
Le. the
Measurement Algorithm
object.
Algorithm Error
Measurement Station:
algorithm- is
implemented.
Prototype
-.----.--- -.-----
_O__.
_---n. -. _0_.
MlASURlNG CONTACT
FIGURE I
HREE -
DIAMETERo
, Interferometric Measurement
of a Thread
Heasurinp; Hire
c t..
Cadmium Spectrum
Red
(',reen
Blue
4 ()
Blue
9$"
IEillI
IT~4)J~
ANVIL POSITION
Nominal Hire sizc(NS).
Frac.t. (Anvil
and Wire)
SSIS"
.:IS"
Di He renee
Nom. Fractions (NF)
9.s-
S-,
SCJ
Obs.
Nom.
Nom
(::r
. ObS'
0/6040
nds per
332 X
red .
inch NS
inch
orders (N). NF
0000 00"
0/'01
O/GO.t!/-
/266"
/~o2
06e /,
8 X
000000"
031
021 X
73- X
0/604
ol6D4
IG97
37- X
/71/ ; 77
in c h
S-'l
O/e,
wavelen~th to inchl
or N . -h3.i
.Ao( ..:-..
AHfiIENT CONDITION
rel1din~,
(T) temp.
2o. /S7t.5:a...s-m
1-,
- 3~
0000127" X
"4,
(;.4
/4
S-
2?,2.
'I
(P) harom.
7' /.
f1
0000100" X 0000094" X
vapor
(e)
Sum
= . - 23.
pressure
. u
C wet
n2 .
.. Sum
0000092" X
' dry
.s:
/.1
A.( ...:..
for steel
If. ()/~O4
. (T )X(NS)X(200 C - T) =
(1\.) C
OlbO4
0073
-O,
oS
\..Tavelength corr
K = 0. 36 (760-P) + 0. 05
Slit & Obliquity Factor
"l~d
3'/
Ji'IGURE 2
, .
TIMEXo::OOOOl. 2 , HIT K, R, OR CK
?XBASIC THD41
RUN
THIS PROGRAM IS WRITTEN TO ANALYZE 4-1 SERIES DATA FOR THE CALIBRATION OF THREAD WIRES. THE DATA IS INPUT THROUGH A SEPARATE DATA FILE NAMED DATAW.
THE PROGRAM WILL FUNCTION PROPERLY ONLY WHEN ALL FOUR WIRES HAVE THE , SAME BASIC SIZE.
THE COMMAND IS CREATE DATAW, THEN BEG,I,
LINE NO PITCH
LINE NO MASTER 4/:1 MEAS, MASTER #2, TEST #1 , TEST
4/:2
!o-1
!1
2=29, 3=G)
A(I)
14. 15.
-8.
I.
, -7.
24.
-6.
26.
022206
-8.
22.
30.
1.40
616
810
578
-8. 583
-9. 000
891
FIGURE 3
017
HOW MANY WIRES EXCEED: (1) 10 MICRO.INCHES IN ROUNDNESS AS DETERMINED BY MEASURING BETWEEN FLAT CONTACT AND 60 DEGREE V -GROOVE FOR THE 60 DEGREE WIRES; (2) 50 MICROINCHES IN ROUNDNESS FOR 29 DEGREE ACME AS DETERMINED BY MEASURING BETwEEN FLAT CONTACT AND A 29 DEGREE V -GROOVE.
!0
216536
192449
128300
. 115475
42,
-1. 34 -1. 67
-22. 98
-24. SO
096232
173220 144358
-16. 1.00
11. 88
-18. 00
057741 052498
044423
086621
078765
-2.
20.
20. SO
066653 061891
-1. 00
11. 96
10. 72
041250
018048
027080
012014
010294
017999 015418
-2. 1.17
14. 15.
-10.
-10.
4000 EXIT
FIGURE 4
.... ::)
min)
k1
Cleaning
Thermal ize
Readings
STEPS IN CALIBRA
TION OF WIRES
FIGUR E
COM PARISI ON , OF TIME . FOR FOUR -COLOR INTERfEROMETRIC THREAD WIRES 4 -I SERIES FOR CALIBRATION OF
600