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Natural Energy Balance and Green House Effect 16000 years ago
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Energy Security due to Sustainability Solar Technologys Acceptance by Public New Market Creation due to Climate Change Political Interests World View ---USA as Leader in Innovation ----Solar Technology & Markets 7. Anti-Movements for Fossil Fuel Electricity 8. Investors acceptance 9. Venture Capital Investments Available for Solar Industries Expansion
1. The amount of raw material used is few microns as compared to Si-Solar Cells, which uses a lot of raw material which is expensive and at this time difficult to find 2. The cost of 5MW Industry is around US$10 M 3. Pay back period for the total investment is 3-4 years 4. Low production cost /Wp 5. Life of the module is 20 years + 6. The modules are Flexible and do not break unlike the silicon solar cells 7. Tandem Thin-film Cells gives 30 to 35% more electric output as compared to the Silicon Cells
Benefits of PV Benefits of PV
1. PV Industry Creates jobs 2. Help reduce poverty 3. Socio Economic Uplift 4. Very Versatile 5. Stand Alone Systems
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1978 Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) 1978 Energy Tax Act provided personal income tax release 1980 Federal R & D for renewable peaked at $1.3 billions 1980 Windfall profits Tax Act with tax credit for Altern. Fuel 1992 Calf. Delayed property Tax for Solar Thermal-giving loss to businesses 1992 Energy Policy Act provided tax credits for Ethanol 1994 Fed. Production Tax Act (PTC) became a part of Energy Policy Act of 1992 1996 Net Metering Law started in many states 1997 States started to establish Policies for Renewable portfolio Standards ---(RPS) Act 2001 Some States began to mandate utilities to offer green power
2001 Fed. Production tax credit (PTC) expired and was not renewed until later in the year, causing the wind industry to suffer a major downturn. Federal production Tax Credit (PTC) was again not renewed causing a bigger blow to the wind industry
2004 Five new States enacted renewable energy portfolio Standards (RPS) policies in 2004 bringing the total to 18 states plus Washington DC. 2004 Public benefit funds (PBF) were operating in 15 States
Carbon Credits Sold in 2004 370 Millions Carbon Credits Sold in 2005 4.4 Billion
1. INDUSTRY RECRUITMENT May 2005, A Law was Enacted For USA Industrial Manufacturers for a Reduced Tax Rate of 0.2904% is 40% lower than the standard rate of 0.484%. This Tax has a great impact on the Business and Occupation (B & O Tax) giving a boost to the Industries.
2. PRODUCTION INCENTIVES Sustainable Natural Alternative Power Producer Program Encourages Customer to install alternatives power generation such solar Panels and wind, with an incentive payback to both the customers and producer based on system production
3. SALES TAX EXEMPTION In USA there is no Sales Tax on the equipment used to generate electricity from sun, wind or biomass or fuel cells of 200 watts or more. There was an amendment in 2006 to add solar hot water heater. This Tax credit applies to labor and services related to installation of equipment.
4. UTILITY LOAN PROGRAM This Incentive offers financing for those who wants to purchase and install residential solar equipment. Loans up to $3000/= are available for solar pool heaters, up to $ 4000/= for solar water heaters, and up to $20,000/ for PV systems for home.
The total Investment in the above four Clean Energies in 2005 was $ 40 Billions The Estimated Venture Capital Investment Available in the Above Four Clean Energies in 2015 is $ 167 Billions A four fold Investment in ten yeas time Which is an exponential increase in the Investment Worldwide in Renewables Thus a very Bright Future for the Renewable Technologies
The world PV module market today is close to 1GW The world PV module market is projected to reach
12 to 25 GWp by 2015, Based on past experience, it is important to base projections for the relative short nine-year time span only on what is known today, with breakthroughs having little or no effect on actual manufacturing in 2015.
Source: REN. Jr. Sept. Data for 2006 -2015