Chapter 14: The Judiciary Key Terms Set 1 Match the following terms and descriptions: 1.

A pattern of voting behavior of two or more justices 2. Rules defining relationships among private citizens 3. A ruling that declared that Negroes could not be federal citizens 4. An individual who represents the federal government before the Supreme Court 5. The practice, authorized by statutes, under which the plaintiff is enabled to collect costs from the defendant if the latter loses 6. The meeting at which the justices vote on cases that they have recently heard 7. A means by which one who has an interest in a case but is not directly involved can present arguments in favor of one side 8. A means by which one who has been injured can bring action on behalf of all similarly situated 9. The power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of legislative and executive acts 10. The scope of authority by which a higher court reviews a case from a lower court 11. An issue the Court refuses to consider, believing the Constitution intends another branch to make the decision 12. A requirement that must be satisfied before a plaintiff can have a case heard on its merits 13. A tradition under which the Senate will defer to the judgment of a senator of the president's party when determining the suitability of

candidates for federal judgeships from the senator's state 14. The body of rules defining offenses that are considered to be offenses against society as a whole 15. Litigation in which a citizen of one state sues a citizen of another state and the amount of money in dispute is more than $50,000 16. A court established under Article III of the Constitution 17. A decision that permits a case to be heard by the Supreme Court when four justices approve 18. The rule of precedent 19. The idea that judges should amplify the vague language of the Constitution on the basis of their moral or economic philosophy and apply it to the case before them 20. The idea that judges should confine themselves to applying those rules stated in or clearly implied by the language of the Constitution A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. activist approach amicus curiae appellate jurisdiction bloc voting civil law class action suit constitutional court criminal law diversity case Dred Scott v. Sandford fee shifting Friday conference judicial review political question senatorial courtesy solicitor general standing stare decisis strict-constructionist approach writ of certiorari

Set 2 Match the following terms and descriptions: 1. The federal courts with authority to review decisions by federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and certain other federal courts 2. A brief, unsigned opinion issued by the Supreme Court to explain its ruling 3. The party that initiates a lawsuit to obtain a remedy for an injury to her or his rights 4. A court that is created by Congress for some specialized purpose 5. The doctrine that a citizen cannot sue the government without its consent 6. The view that judges should discern the general principles underlying the Constitution and assess how best to apply them in contemporary circumstances 7. A Supreme Court opinion by one or more justices who agree with the majority's conclusion but for different reasons 8. A Supreme Court opinion written by one or more justices in the majority to explain the decision in a case 9. A procedure whereby a poor person can file and be heard in court as a pauper, free of charge 10. The lowest federal courts, where federal cases begin and the only federal courts in which trials are held

11. A Supreme Court opinion by one or more justices in the minority to explain the minority's disagreement with the Court's ruling 12. The view that judges should decide cases on the basis of the specific language of the Constitution 13. A legal document prepared by an attorney representing a party before a court 14. A judicial order preventing or redressing a wrong or enforcing a right 15. Cases concerning the Constitution, federal law, or treaties over which the federal courts have jurisdiction as described in the Constitution 16. A way of finding out what a person's views are on a controversial question A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. activist approach (judicial) brief concurrent opinion courts of appeal dissenting opinion district court federal question cases in forma pauperis legislative court litmus test opinion of the court per curiam opinion plaintiff remedy sovereign immunity strict-constructionist approach