Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
COMMUNICATION
December 12-13, 2008
Topics:
I. Computer Fundamentals
a. Definition of Computer
b. Computer Terms
c. Computer Basic Units and Functions
1. Software
a. Definition
b. Kinds of Software
c. Examples
2. Hardware
a. Definition
b. Kinds of hardware and Functions
V. Internet Communication
a. Using Yahoo Messenger for Communication
b. Chatting
c. Viewing video thru web cam
.
BASIC COMPUTER REPAIR,
TROUBLESHOOTING AND
INTERNET COMMUNICATION
December 12-13, 2008
Trainers
ABRAHAM P. IMAS
Education Supervisor I (SpED/ICT)
ELADIO J. JOVERO
Division ICT Coordinator (Elementary)
ANGELO B. ARENDAIN
Administrative Aide VI (Technical Support Staff)
CORBETT B. PALMARES
Administrative Aide I (Technical Support Staff)
RENATO S. SENCIDA
ICT Student Support Staff (OJT)
COMPUTER BASICS
A computer is basically a group of electronic devices designed to process data
according to a programmed instruction. It works following the input process - out put
system model. The computer performs data processing operations automatically such
as recording, sorting, computing, classifying, summarizing, storing, and communicating.
The computer consists of the three major components, namely: Input unit, control unit
and output unit.
COMPUTER
Input Unit
- is the component of the computer system that converts source data into
communication, the computer can "understand" the process. It accepts
senses, reads or feeds the data into the storage portion of the control-
processing unit.
- (CPU) is the heart of the computer consisting of the three major components,
namely: (1) storage unit, (2) control unit, (3) arithmetical/logic unit.
Storag Central
Processing
Arithmetic
e Unit Logic Unit
Unit
System Unit
The system unit is the main part of the computer that houses its electronic components. All of
the internal processing capabilities of the computer takes place within the system unit.
The major part of the system unit is the motherboard, which is a circuit board that houses most
of the computer's electronic components. Most of the electronic components on the motherboard
are called chips. Chips are small pieces of semiconducting material made up of circuits that carry
electronic signals.
The most important chip on the motherboard is the Central Processing Unit, or CPU. The CPU
manages the computer's operations by interpreting and carrying out the basic instructions that
run the computer. The CPU is necessary to communicate with the devices that connect to the
computer, such as the monitor or a printer, in order to perform their functions.
The microprocessor, is a single chip that contains the CPU. The microprocessor also contains
the system clock, which controls the speed of the computer. Clock speed is measured in
megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). One megahertz is equal to one million ticks of the system
clock, and one gigahertz is equal to one billion ticks of the system clock. The faster the clock
speed, the faster the CPU can carry out instructions.
Other types of chips on the motherboard include memory chips. Memory stores data and
instructions while the processor performs its functions. There are three main types of information
stored by memory: the operating system and other system software that control the computer,
application software, such as a word processor, and the data while it is being processed by the
application software.
Memory is stored in bytes, which is the basic storage unit of memory. One byte is equal to one
character, such as a letter or number. A kilobyte is equal to about 1,000 bytes (1,024 to be
exact), a megabyte is equal to about a million bytes, and a gigabyte is equal to about a billion
bytes.
There are two types of memory in the system unit: volatile memory and nonvolatile
memory. Volatile memory is erased when the computer loses power. Nonvolatile memory stays
permanently stored even when there is no power.
In the system unit are memory chips called RAM, or random access memory, which are a
type of volatile memory. When you boot up your computer, the operating system files are loaded
from your hard drive into RAM while you are working on your computer. RAM also stores data
while you are working on a document. For instance, if you are typing a paper in a word processor,
but have not saved it to a storage device such as a floppy disk, that work is stored temporarily in
RAM. But if your computer were to suddenly lose power, you would lose all that work. That is why
it is important to save your work often.
The more RAM you have on your computer, the faster it can work and the more
applications and files you can work on at once. When buying software, it is important to check the
amount of RAM it requires and ensure that your computer has the necessary capacity to run that
software.
A type of nonvolatile memory in the system unit is ROM, or read-only memory. ROM
chips store data that does not change, such as the instructions for loading the operating system
when you turn on your computer. ROM is nonvolatile because it does not lose what is stored in its
memory when the computer is turned off.
Input Devices
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Web Camera
4. Digital Camera
5. Scanner
Control/Process Device
1. System Unit
Storage Devices
1. Hard Disk Drive
2. Thumb Drive/Flash Disk
3. CD/DVD
4. Floppy Disk
Output Devices
1. Monitor
2. Speaker
3. Printer
The main Components/Internal Parts of the Computer:
Microprocessor
This is the most important chip. This chip gathers data, processes
the
Data and creates some output. This chip is identified by three
factors.
Power Supply
This component supplies the needed electricity of the other
internal parts.
Floppy Disk Drive
This drive is where floppy diskettes are inserted. It sends
information back and forth the floppy disk and the CPU.
Hard Disk
This is a non- removable disk that stores more information
Internal View
External View
Memory Chips
These are small, rectangular pieces attached to the motherboard that
perform different tasks.
Fan
This keeps the inside of the CPU cool so that it won’t overheat. A
humming sound is heard when the computer is turned on.
Boards and Cards/ Daughter Board
These Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) or cards enhance the ability of the
computer.
Examples:
1. Video Card
2. Sound Card
3. LAN Card
4. USB Card
5. Internal Modem Card
Video card
Expansion slots
These are slots where boards and cards are inserted.
Expansion
Slots
CPU/Microprocessor
FDD Controllers Power Supply
AGP
Fan
PCI
The storage unit of the CPU is the file cabinet and memory system of the
computer. Sometimes called main or internal storage, it receives and holds all computer
programs that the computer follows during the processing. Also, it holds the result of
processing until these results are released or printed as output.
Internal Memory
The control unit of the CPU executes the stored programs. It directs the
computer to perform the processes required in the program. It also takes care of
inspecting the instructions and accepting those that are in correct form and rejecting the
deviants. It also issues orders and guides the computer, direct and coordinates the input
and output units, transfer data to and form storage, and control the arithmetic/logic unit.
The arithmetic/logic unit of the CPU carries out calculation function such as
adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing. During processing, it monitors condition
and changes the sequence or made appropriate adjustments or actions when
necessary.
OUTPUT UNIT
The output unit provides the end results of a computer job. The output unit
releases the answer, solution or information from the storage unit in computer print,
punched card, magnetic tape or disks.
Software
- is used to describe any program, application, routine, etc. that is added to the
computer to perform a particular function. Software falls into a number of categories,
such as:
Operating System
Applications
Utilities/Drivers
Security System
Software is required to operate certain peripherals, that is, to interpret commands so that
the computer can communicate with the device.
APPLICATIONS
-are the programs designed to perform those tasks that make your computer truly useful.
Applications packages fall into a number of categories, such as:
Desktop Publishing
Word Processing
Database Programs
Spreadsheets
Integrated Software
Paint & Draw Programs
Communications
Multimedia Programs
- this includes the programs or instruction that direct the hardware to perform data
processing functions.
- programs and applications that can be run on a computer system
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
Hardware - refers to any tangible parts of the computer, any physical components and
phases installed.
Similar to that of a
typewriter, where you can enter
text and graphics.
Serves as the input unit of the
3. Keyboard
computer.
Types of Scanner
This scanner relies on the
steadiness of a human hand to
accurately render an image.
5.1 Hand-held scanner This is generally less expensive
because it doesn’t require a
mechanism to move the scan
head or paper.
In this kind of scanner, the page
is stationary behind a glass
5.2 Flatbed scanner window while the head moves
past the page; similar to the way
a copying machine works.
In a sheet-fed scanner,
mechanical rollers move the
paper past the scan head. It is
5.3 Sheet-fed scanner
captured more accurately but is
limited to scanning single,
ordinary- sized sheets.
Hardware Name Description
Produce audio
frequency or sound, where
music or sound frequency is
8. Speaker System
being heard. Serves as an
output unit of the computer.
Serves as the input and output
9. MODEM- modulator and a unit of the computer.
demodulator Processes International
networking.
Types of MODEM
Type of MODEM, which is
connected inside the computer
9.1 Internal MODEM motherboard.
A combination of a headphone
and a digital microphone. It
serves as the input and out put
12. Headset
unit of the computer for audio
frequency.
Assembling Procedure:
Disassembling Procedure:
Assembling Procedure:
1. Place the motherboard properly in casing aligned to the port casing.
2. Put screws as needed to fasten the mother board.
3. Connect the hard disk drive to its place in the computer casing and put
screws on it.
4. Connect floppy disk drive to its place in the computer casing and put screws
on it.
5. Connect the CD/DVD ROM/Writer to its place in the computer casing and put
screws on it.
6. Insert the CPU/Microprocessor to its socket and locked it with the heat sink.
7. Carefully insert the memory chips on the memory slots of the motherboard.
8. Connect the power supply to the computer casing and put screws on it.
9. Connect the HDD IDE/SATA connector/Bus to the IDE slot of the
motherboard, to the hard disk drive and to the CD/ DVD ROM/Writer.
10. Connect the FDD connector to the mother board and to the Floppy Disk
Drive.
11. Connect the power supply connectors to the mother board power supply
socket/s, hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, DV/DVD ROM/Writer.
12. Be sure the connections are correctly connected and properly arranged the
wires to look professionally connected.
Booting a computer
Procedure:
Cold Boot- the process of turning ON a computer unit at off mode.
1. Press the power switch button of the System Unit.
2. Wait for the computer to beep once.
3. Wait for the computer to load the programs/software.
Flash Disk
1. Insert the flash disk to the USB port.
2. Wait for the computer to detect the thumb drive.
3. Open My Computer icon.
4. Point and right –click the drive for flash disk, a pop-up menu will open as
shown below.
5. Select Format command and the type of File System and Format Options.
Start Button
8. Select Rename option and type the name, then press Enter key to activate
the flash disk name.
Floppy Disk
1. Insert the floppy disk to the floppy drive.
2. Open Windows Explorer, then right –click floppy disk drive: A.
3. Pop-up menu will open, select format command.
4. Click Start button to start formatting.
5. Then close button after formatting.
Installing/Uninstalling Software
Installing Software
Printer Driver
1. Connect the printer to the computer.
2. Wait for the computer to detect the printer.
3. Insert the printer cd driver.
4. Then follow the instruction/steps to install the printer software.
CD/DVD Writer
1. Insert the CD/DVD cd software driver.
2. Select from the item for installation.
3. Follow the instructions to install the software.
MS Office 2000/2003
1. Insert the CD to the CD/DVD drive.
2. If the installer is bootable, wait for the instruction to install the software.
3. Encode the CD key needed.
4. Click NEXT buttons and Install button until the software has finished
installing.
Uninstalling Software
1. Click Start button and click Control Panel.
2. From the control panel dialog box, select Add or Remove Programs as
shown below.
Music
1. Insert the blank CDR/CDRW in the CD/DVD drive.
2. Open Nero Start Smart of any software available for CD/DVD burning.
3. Select copy disk from the option if you want to copy the from the CD/DVD
disk.
4. If the music from your computer, click ADD button and select the music from
the directory. (See the indicator to fit the total space used.
5. Then click NEXT button.
6. Then click BURN button.
7. Wait for the computer to finish burning the file/data.
8. Automatically the CD/DVD drive will automatically eject the CD.
9. Then close the CD/DVD burning software.
Video
1. Insert the blank CDR/CDRW in the CD/DVD drive.
2. Open Nero Start Smart of any software available for CD/DVD burning.
3. Select COPY DISK from the option if you want to copy the from the CD/DVD
disk.
4. If the music from your computer, click ADD button and select the video from
the directory. (See the indicator to fit the total space used.
5. Then click NEXT button.
6. Then click BURN button.
7. Wait for the computer to finish burning the file/data.
8. Automatically the CD/DVD drive will automatically eject the CD.
9. Then close the CD/DVD burning software.
Internet Fundamentals
A. Browsing/Surfing
1. Open Firefox/Internet Explorer as your browsers.
2. Start browsing by type the address in the address bar where you normally
type a web address. (ex. http://google.com)
URL Address
Bar
3. Press Enter or the icon that represent.
4. Then you can continue surfing by repeating same steps.
Sign Up Button
Sign In button
Attach Button
Browse Buttons
Send Buttons
D. Uploading/downloading files
Uploading/Attaching File/s
Note: See attaching files procedure.
Inbox Folder
3. From your inbox, click the subject attach file/s link to open the
message.
B. Monitor (CRT/LCD)
C. PS2/USB Mouse
D. PS2/USB Keyboard
E. Headset
F. AVR with AC Cords and Extension Cord
G. Printer any brand (USB/parallel) with CD Driver
Blank CD/DVDR/CD/DVDRW
Web Camera/ Digital Camera
Flash Disk/Thumb Drive (Any brand/memory capacity)
Floppy Disk
Philips Screw driver