TK TramBom

Ch-ng 1 : Tnh hnh chung ca h thng t-i khu t-i knh 4/3
Mu
H thng thu nng Sng Cu - Thc Hung do Php thit k v xy dng t
nm 1922, hon thnh nm 1936. Nhim v thit k chnh ban u l t-i cho
28.000 ha din tch canh tc thuc cc huyn Ph Bnh (tnh Thi Nguyn), Tn
Yn, Vit Yn, Hip Ho v mt phn th x Bc Giang (tnh Bc Giang).
Khu t-i knh 4/3 thuc h thng thu nng Sng Cu - Thc Hung c din
tch ph trch l 2365 ha bao gm t ai ca cc x Tin Sn, Trung Sn, Ninh
Sn, Qung Minh (huyn Vit Yn) v mt phn t ai ca x ng L (huyn
Hip Ho). T tr-c ti nay khu t-i knh 4/3 -c t-i bng n-c ly t knh 3
ca h thng thu nng Sng Cu - Thc Hung; sau ny -c tip n-c thm bi
trm bm Trc Ni ly n-c t sng Cu. Trm bm ny l trm bm t-i tiu kt
hp.
Tuy nhin hin nay khu t-i knh 4/3 c hin t-ng thiu n-c nghim trng,
nht l v v chim xun, m cc nguyn nhn l:
- H thng Sng Cu - Thc Hung qua nhiu nm s dng cng trnh
xung cp,... lm cho h thng ny t nhiu nm nay ch p ng -c 64%
din tch t-i thit k ban u. Knh 4/3 li nm cui ngun n-c, nn t lu
khng cn kh nng cung cp n-c cho khu vc ny, nht l vo v Chim Xun.
- Trm bm tip n-c cng c nhiu tn ti.Trm bm Trc Ni xy dng
nm 1986, nay cng cn sa cha.
- Cc knh chnh nh-: knh 4/3, knh t-i Trc Ni l knh t, -c p
bng loi t c h s thm cao, mt n-c nhiu li th-ng xuyn b st l v bi
lp bi t trn s-n i...
- Do nhu cu thm canh v tng v nn h s t-i v mc t-i ngy cng
nng cao nn l-ng n-c cn v-t qu kh nng thit k ca h thng Sng Cu
- Thc Hung.
Hu qu ca cc tnh trng trn l trong 2365 ha t canh tc ca khu vc,
hin nay ch c khong 500 - 600 ha -c t-i ch ng, phn din tch cn li
khong 1700 1800 ha vn th-ng xuyn b hn nng, dn ti nng sut, sn l-ng
nng nghip ca khu vc t thp. i sng nhn dn trong vng gp kh khn.
V vy, cung cp n-c phc v cho h thng phi xy dng trm bm
t-i Vit Ho mi.
Ch-ng I
Tnh hnh chung ca h thng t-i

khu t-i knh 4/3
1.1. iu kin t nhin
1.1.1. V tr a l, din tch
Vng d n nm pha Nam huyn Vit Yn, tnh Bc Giang bao gm t

ai ca cc x Tin Sn, Trung Sn, Ninh Sn v Qung Minh (huyn Vit Yn) v
mt phn t ai ca x ng L (huyn Hip Ho). Gii hn ca vng nh- sau:
- Pha Bc gip ni Con Voi v Rc Trng Kh L.
- Pha ng gip -ng st H Ni - Lng Sn.
- Pha Nam gip Sng Cu.
Din tch canh tc ca ton khu vc l 2365 ha.
1.1.2. a hnh, a th
a hnh khu vc thuc a hnh trung du, c:

- Cao ph bin: +3,0
+5,0 m
- Cao cao nht: +6.5
+10 m
- Cao thp nht: +2,0
+3,0 m
- H-ng dc t Bc xung Nam, t ni Con Voi v knh 4/3 (cao

+5,0 10 m) xung cnh ng Mai V v cnh ng Hu Ngh (cao +2,0 +3,0
m).
Nhn chung a hnh khu vc t-ng i bng phng, ngoi tr mt s din
tch ven i ni v vng g cao.
1.1.3. Kh t-ng
a) Nhit
Kh hu ca vng ni ring v ca tnh Bc Giang ni chung nm trong
min nhit i gi ma ca min Bc Vit Nam. Vi c tr-ng ma ng l lnh,
kh hanh v t m-a. Ma H nng nng v m-a nhiu.
Nhit trung bnh: 23,30 C, tng nhit c nm khong 8500 0C, hng
nm c 4 thng (T thng XII nm tr-c n thng III nm sau) nhit gim
xung d-i 200 C, thng I lnh nht c nhit trung bnh khong 150C. Ma h
2
nhit trung bnh t thng V n thng IX l 25 0C, thng VIII l thng nng
nng nht c nhit trung bnh trn d-i 300C.
b) m
m t-ng i trung bnh nhiu nm l 92%, m thp nht l thng I vo
khong 88% 90%, cc thng ma Thu v u ma ng l thi k kh lnh,
m trung bnh th-ng xung d-i 80%. m cao nht trong nm c ngy ln ti
98% v thp nht c ngy xung ti 64%.
c) Bc hi
L-ng bc hi trung bnh nm vo khong 1000 1100mm, cc thng u
ma m-a (V, VI, VII) li l nhng thng c l-ng bc hi ln nht trong nm.
L-ng bc hi trong thng V t trn 100mm. Cc thng ma xun(II- IV) c
l-ng bc hi nh nht l nhng thng c m-a phn v m t-ng i cao.
d) Gi bo
- H-ng gi thnh hnh trong ma h l gi Nam, gi ng Nam v ma
ng th-ng c gi Bc v ng Bc.
- Tc gi trung bnh khong 2
3 m/s.
- T thng VII n thng IX l nhng thng c bo hoc p thp nhit i,

tc gi bo ln nht t cp 10 n cp 11 (khong 30 40 m/s).
e) M-a
L-ng m-a bnh qun nm 1455mm, trong m-a v ma chim 85%
l-ng m-a c nm.
1.1.4. Thu vn sng ngi
Sng Cu l ngun n-c t-i v tiu ca khu vc. Sng Cu bt ngun t

dy ni cao khong 1000m tnh Bc Cn. Sng chy theo h-ng Bc - Nam n
Thi Nguyn chuyn sang h-ng Ty Bc - ng Nam, n Ph Li nhp vi sng
Thi Bnh. Sng c chiu di 290km, chy qua tnh Bc Giang 107km. Din tch
l-u vc khong 6000km2. T th-ng ngun v n ca sng, lng sng hp, dc v
c nhiu thc ghnh. H l-u t Thi Nguyn lng sng m rng, c bi v dc
sng ngn l.
1.1.5. Th nh-ng
Rung t trong vng phn ln l t bc mu trn nn ph sa c c thnh

phn c gii nng v trung bnh. Do khng -c t-i mt s din tch t vng
cao ang b qu trnh feralit ho, to kt von st. Thm vo l cc qu trnh ra
tri, xi mn do m-a, gi lm cho t ngy cng gim ph. Mt s din tch
3
vng rung trng ven sng Cu th-ng b ngp n-c nn b gly.
1.1.6. a cht cng trnh
Nhn chung iu kin a cht cng trnh ca khu vc tt. Cc knh t-i
-c p bng loi t trng thi cht, c kh nng chu lc tt, iu kin a
cht cng trnh cng rt tt, cu trc a tng n gin, t cht cng, chu lc tt.
1.1.7. Giao thng
Trong khu vc c -ng quc l 1A chy qua v -ng lin huyn ni t

-ng 1A n ph Thng, Hip Ho v ni vi quc l 3. Nhn chung giao thng
trong khu vc thun tin.
1.1.8. Vt liu xy dng
- Gch c th mua t l sn xut gch ca t- nhn trong vng

- Vi, ct en, ct vng -c khai thc ti ch
- Xi mng, thp mua t th x Bc Ninh
1.1.9. in
Trong khu vc c -ng dy cao th 35Kv chy qua.

1.2. iu kin dn sinh kinh t
Khu vc gm 4 x: Tin Sn, Trung Sn, Ninh Sn v Qung Minh ca huyn
Vit Yn v mt phn ca x ng L ca huyn Hip Ho. i sng ca nhn
dn trong vng cn gp nhiu kh khn.
Dn s ca khu vc: 35.000 ng-i, s lao ng 12.000 ng-i, s h: 7.100 h.
T l tng dn s t nhin l 1,59 %.
Ngnh ngh chnh ca nhn dn trong vng l sn xut nng nghip, trong
trng la l ch yu. Do nguyn nhn chnh l thiu n-c t-i vo v chim v
cui v ma, nn nng sut cy trng trong khu vc t thp. Nng sut trung bnh
v chim l 2,1 T/ha, v ma l 2,3 T/ha.
Ch-ng II
Hin trng thu li v bin php cng trnh

2.1. hin trng h thng thu l
2.1.1.Vn t-i
1. Tnh hnh t-i

Khu vc -c t-i bi 3 ngun n-c:
- Knh 4/3
- Trm bm Trc Ni
- Trm bm Vit Ho
Tng din tch canh tc ca khu vc l 2365 ha, trong din tch t-i -c
cc ngun n-c m nhim nh- sau:
a) V v Chim (ng Xun)
- Knh 4/3 t-i -c khong 425 ha, c nm khng c n-c t-i.
- Trm bm Trc Ni t-i -c 200 ha.
- Trm bm Vit Ho t-i -c 400 ha,
Din tch cn li cui knh 4/3 khng -c t-i, b hn. Tr-c kia t-i
cho din tch ny, ng-i dn phi bm tt t h n-c -c to bi 400 ha rung t
trng b ngp ng gn thn Ni Ninh. T khi trm bm tiu Ni Ninh hon thnh
i vo vn hnh, khai thc (nm 1997) gii quyt tiu cho 1.350 ha rung t
ca khu vc trong c 400 ha t b trng to thnh h ni trn, bin din tch
ny thnh din tch canh tc. Do vy m din tch b hn ny khng cn n-c
t-i na.
b) V v ma
- Knh 4/3 t-i khong:
1000 ha
- Trm bm Trc Ni t-i khong:
200 ha
- Trm bm Vit Ho t-i khong :
400 ha
Din tch cn li cui knh 4/3 khng -c t-i, b hn v khu vc ny

khng cn ngun n-c t-i do nguyn nhn ni trn.
2. Hin trng cng trnh t-i
a) Knh 4/3
5
Knh 4/3 l knh nhnh ca knh 3 thuc h thng thu nng Sng Cu Thc Hung. Cng u knh 4/3 c nhim v ly n-c t knh 3 vo knh 4/3.
- Cng u knh 4/3 l cng trn
nay vn cn tt.
100, c my ng m v ca van, hin
- Knh 4/3 l knh t, c chiu di 7,5 km, nhim v thit k ban u l

t-i cho 2.000 ha.
Do cc nguyn nhn:
+ T nm 1954 n nay knh ch-a -c u t- sa cha i tu.
+ Tuyn knh i theo ven chn i, v ma m-a c hin t-ng n-c l t
trn ni di xung mang theo nhiu t ct bi lp vo lng knh v ph hng b
knh.
+ Knh -c p bng loi t c h s thm cao, dn ti l-ng n-c tn
tht dc trn knh ln.
Nn knh 4/3 khng cn p ng tt yu cu dn n-c -c na.
Cc cng trnh trn knh 4/3 cng xung cp nghim trng khng p ng
-c vic dn n-c v ly n-c theo yu cu thit k.
b) Trm bm v knh t-i Trc Ni
Trm bm Trc Ni
-c xy dng t nm 1987 v bt u i vo hot ng nm 1989. Nhim
v thit k ca trm bm l:
- m bo tiu cho 407 ha, trong c 300 ha l din tch canh tc ca 2 x.
Tin sn v Trung sn (Vit Yn).
- Kt hp t-i h tr cho 1.425 ha thuc knh 4/3, khi h thng thu nng
Sng Cu thiu n-c.
* Quy m, thng s thit k:
+ S l-ng my bm: 10 my
+ Loi my bm: ly tm trc ngang, Q = 800 m3/ h, H = 8m
+ ng c in: c 2 ng c 33 KW (s 8 v 10), cn li 8 ng c 30 kw
(cc ng c s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9)
+ Trm bin p: c 2 my bin p: 1 my 320 KVA v 1 my 180KVA.
+ Bm chn khng: C hai my bm chn khng BCK9-270
+ Nh trm: Loi mng tch ri rng 6 m, di 15m, cao 5,2m. Kt cu t-ng
gch dy 22 cm, mi b tng ct thp. Cao trnh sn nh: +4,2 m.
+ B ht:
6
Mc n-c b ht thit k khi t-i:
+1,16 m
Cao trnh y b ht:
-0,3 m
+ B x:
Mc n-c b x thit k khi t-i:
+7,1 m
Cao trnh y b x:
+5,5 m
+ Cng ly n-c qua :

Cao trnh y cng thit k:
-0,3 m
Kch th-c:
1,4x1,4 m, di 46
m
+ Knh dn n-c t sng Cu vo b ht trm bm.
Phn trong di 39,5 m, -c lt .
Phn ngoi di 222,5 m, lt -c 109,5 m cn li 113 m
ch-a lt .
Chiu rng y knh b = 2,0 m, mi knh m = 1,5.
* Hin trng
- Phn c kh: Tuy mi -c u t- sa cha i tu nm 1996, nh-ng do u
t- khng ng b, sa cha chp v nn n nay 10 my bm cng khng cn lm
vic -c tt, cc trc, trc, cnh qut b mn, r nhiu.
-ng ng ht: 70m ng ht 300 b han r.
-ng ng x: 30m ng x b thng.
My bm chn khng lm vic km.
- Phn in: 4 ng c: s 5, 8, 9, 10 b hng nng, 6 ng c cn li (1, 2,
3, 4, 6,7) ni chung lm vic tt. Cc thit b iu khin nhn chung vn cn lm
vic tt. Cp h th t trm bin p n ng c b mc, nt.
- Phn cng trnh:
Nh trm, b ht, b x: cn tt, kt cu n nh, khng c hin t-ng rn
nt, ln, st, tr-t. Ring nh trm, 6 b ca s bng g b h- hng.
Cng ly n-c qua kt cu cn tt. Do y cng t cao (-0,3m) nn kh
nng ly n-c ca cng khng m bo. Vo ma kit, c thi k cng khng ly
n-c cho trm bm Trc Ni chy 4 my. y cng cn phi h thp xung cao
trnh -0,8m.
Knh t-i Trc Ni
Knh t-i Trc Ni di 2030m, lm nhim v dn n-c t trm bm Trc
Ni t-i cho 200 ha dc knh v tip n-c cho knh 4/3. Knh t-i Trc Ni i
7
ven theo s-n i nn cng b n-c l t trn i xung mang theo nhiu t
ct lp vo lng knh, ph hng b knh.
Knh t-i Trc Ni cng -c p
bng loi t c h s thm cao nn l-ng n-c thm lu trn knh ln, knh li b
bi lng nhiu do khng -c no vt th-ng xuyn. V vy knh t-i Trc Ni
khng cn p ng -c yu cu dn n-c na.
c) Trm bm Vit Ho v knh Vit Ho
-c xy dng t nm 1966, lm nhim v t-i tiu kt hp. Tri qua my chc
nm hot ng, ti nay b xung cp nghim trng khng cn p ng -c cc
nhu cu v n-c.
2.1.2. Tnh hnh tiu
Nhn chung tnh hnh tiu trong khu vc -c gii quyt tt. Cc trm
bm Trc Ni, Ni Ninh m bo tiu ng cho khu vc.
2.2. nh gi nguyn nhn hn hn
2.2.1. Nguyn nhn th nht l do cc ngun n-c cp khng m bo
Khu t-i knh 4/3 -c cp bi 3 ngun n-c:

- Ngun ca knh 4/3 t h thng sng Cu - Thc Hung.
- Ngun n-c t trm bm Trc Ni.
- Ngun n-c t trm bm Vit Ho.
+ Do thng thu nng Sng Cu - Thc Hung xung cp, mt khc nhu cu
dng n-c trong h thng ny ngy cng tng do vic t-i thm canh v tng s
v gieo trng. Cc nguyn nhn ny lm cho ngun n-c t h thng Thc Hung
khng n -c ti knh 4/3, hoc ch n vi l-u l-ng nh.
+ Trm bm Trc Ni khng m bo -c l-u l-ng thit k v thi gian
t-i m nguyn nhn l:
- y cng ly n-c qua t cao, nn khng ly -c n-c lin
tc, nhng ngy mc n-c Sng Cu xung thp th khng ly n-c cho trm
bm.
- Mt s my bm, ng c b h- hng nh-ng ch-a -c u tsa cha.
+ Ngun n-c khu rung trng Ni Ninh khng cn do trm bm Ni
Ninh i vo hot ng chuyn din tch ng ngp ny thnh t canh tc.
+ Trm bm Vit Ho xy dng lu nm, li khng -c tu b sa cha th-ng
8
xuyn nn khng m bo -c l-u l-ng thit k
2.2.2. Nguyn nhn th hai l do knh v cng trnh trn knh xung cp nghim
trng
- Knh 4/3 xung cp nhiu, nhiu on b l ni bi lp, n-c tn tht trn

knh ln.
- Knh t-i Vit Ho v Trc Ni i trn s-n cao li p bng loi t c
h s thm cao nn l-ng n-c tn tht trn knh nhiu. V li knh li b bi lng
nghim trng khng -c no vt, tu b th-ng xuyn, nu dn l-u l-ng ln s b
trn knh.
- Cc cng trnh trn knh xung cp nhiu, kh nng dn n-c, ly n-c
km.
Tm li, nguyn nhn gy ra hn trong vng l do cng trnh u mi khng
m bo -c l-u l-ng thit k v h thng knh, cng trnh trn knh xung cp
khng cn kh nng dn n-c -c theo yu cu. gii quyt hn hn cho vng
cn phi xy dng Trm bm Vit Ho mi, ph b trm bm Trc Nc.
2.3. bin php cng trnh thu li v nhim v trm bm u
mi
D n xy dng trm bm t-i Vit Ho thuc h thng thu nng Sng
Cu nhm mc ch m bo cung cp n-c t-i , kp thi v ch ng cho
2365 ha t canh tc ca 4 x Trung Sn, Ni Sn, Tin Sn, Quang Minh (huyn
Vit Yn) v mt phn t ca x ng L (huyn Hip Ho), -a nng sut cy
trng tng cao v n nh, gp phn nng cao i sng ca nhn dn trong vng.
CHNG III
tnh ton cc thng s c bn

3.1. Xc nh v tr trm bm v b tr tng th cng trnh u mi.
3.1.1. V tr xy dng cng trnh
Trm bm Vit Ho mi -c xy dng ngay bn cnh trm bm c. Vy v tr

trm bm Vit Ho mi thuc thn L-ng Ti, x Tin Sn, huyn Vit Yn, Tnh
Bc Giang.
3.1.2. Chn tuyn cng trnh v hnh thc b tr
1. Chn tuyn cng trnh

Chn tuyn cng trnh, chn v tr trm bm phi c bit ch n iu kin
ly n-c, iu kin ly n-c phi thun li t ngun n-c n nh my, khng bi
lng, xi l trong knh. Kh nng khng ch -c ton b khu t-i vi cc cao
trnh khc nhau, khi l-ng cng trnh nh, mt bng thi cng rng, iu kin a
cht tt.
a)Ph-ng n 1
Ton b cng trnh bao gm knh dn, nh my, b tho t ngoi , vung gc
vi .
u im: Khng mt din tch canh tc xy dng trm bm , knh dn
ngn, khi l-ng o p nh, bn ct lng ng t, chi ph o p, qun l nh.
Nh-c im: Bi sng ch yu l t ct nn x l nn mng phc tp. Nh
my t ngoi vn chng l cho nh my, tng ng c cn phi -c tnh
ton cn thn, chiu cao nh my ln. Khi xy dng cng ngm qua dn n-c
vo khu t-i phi x l chng thm, n nh ca trong ma m-a bo. Mun m
bo k thut th gi thnh cng trnh s cao.
b) Ph-ng n 2
Cng trnh t trong thn , ng y chui qua .
u im: N-c t sng bm trc tip vo khu t-i khng cn xy cng
ngm qua , gim gi thnh xy dng knh tho.
Nh-c im: Khng m bo cho cng trnh trong ma l, p lc thm l-u
l-ng thm tng nh h-ng n s lm vic an ton ca . Hin tr-ng thi cng
hp do s gp nhiu kh khn. Nh my t trong thn , trn mt kt hp
lm -ng giao thng nn phi x l nn mng phc tp chng ln, t gy cc
10
b. Chng rung tng trn thng gi cho ton nh my s gp tr ngi. Vn
chuyn, lp t cc thit b, thi gian xy dng, qun l, sa cha khng thun li.
c) Ph-ng n 3
Cng trnh b tr trong , xy dng knh dn v cng ngm qua dn n-c ti
b ht.
u im: V ma l cng trnh lm vic -c m bo an ton, khng b
ngp do chiu cao nh my gim. Nn a cht, iu kin a cht thu vn tt,
x l nn mng khng tn km. Mt bng thi cng rng, vn chuyn lp t cc
thit b thun li, knh tho ngn, h s s dng n-c -c nng ln.
Nh-c im:
- Mt din tch canh tc
- Knh dn di, khi l-ng o p tng, no vt bn ct hng nm ln.
- Xy dng cng ngm qua .
Kt lun: Cn c vo nhng -u nh-c im ca 3 ph-ng n nu ra ta chn
ph-ng n 3 lm ph-ng n xy dng trm bm Vit Ho. Tuyn cng trnh vung
gc vi thn .
11
Sng
Ph-ng n 1
Sng
Ph-ng n 2
Sng
Ph-ng n 3
3.2. Xc nh cp cng trnh , tn sut thit k
12
Mun cng trnh t -c hai yu t l kinh t v k thut th vic tnh ton cc
mc n-c sng ng vi tn sut kim tra ti v tr xy dng trm bm ta phi da
vo cp bc cng trnh .
Cc trm bm nm trong h thng thu nng th da vo din tch t-i, tiu xc
nh cp bc cng trnh .
Trm bm Vit Ho t-i cho 2365 ha theo quy phm TCVN 5060 90 qui nh
cng trnh ny thuc cng trnh cp IV ng vi cp cng trnh qui nh tn sut
tnh ton nh- sau:
+ Mc n-c sng ng vi tn sut thit k: Ptk = 75%.
+ Mc n-c sng ng vi tn sut phng l: P = 1% (mc n-c ln nht).
Mc n-c ln nht trong tp hp thng k l mc n-c c tr s ln nht xut hin
trong tng nm.
Mc n-c thp nht l mc n-c ng vi tn sut kim tra: P = 90%.
Mc n-c thp nht l mc n-c trung bnh ngy c tr s thp nht xut hin
trong tng nm thng k.
3.3. Tnh ton xc nh cc yu t thu vn kh t-ng
3.3.1. Ph-ng php tnh ton
Cc yu t thu vn kh t-ng cn tnh ton y gm cc l-ng m-a thit k

v cc loi mc n-c thit k, -c xc nh theo ph-ng php phn tch thng k
trn c s s liu o -c nhiu nm. Trnh t -c xc nh nh- sau:
1 V -ng tn sut kinh nghim
- Chn lit s liu thng k t-ng ng X (Xv, Xnm, Hv, Hnm, H1 ngy max).
Xv: Tng l-ng m-a v (t thng I n thng V) ca nm.
Xnm: Tng l-ng m-a nm.
Hv: Mc n-c trung bnh v ca nm.
Hnm: Mc n-c trung bnh ca nm.
H1 ngy max: Mc n-c trung bnh ngy ln nht trong nm.
- Sp xp s liu theo th t gim dn (t ln n nh).
- Tnh tn sut kinh nghim Pi theo cng thc:
Pi =
i
n 1
.100%
Trong :
13
i S th t ca s liu thng k t-ng ng trong bng sau khi sp xp.
n- S nm ca lit s liu
Chm cc im c to (Xi, Pi) ln giy tn sut -c cc im tn sut kinh
nghim.
2 V -ng tn sut l lun
Da vo lit s ti liu thng k c nh- gii thiu trn, tnh cc tham s
thng k theo ph-ng php mmen bng cc cng thc sau:
n
Xi
X=
i 1
n
n
(X i
Cv =
X )2
i 1
(n 1). X
3
(X i
Cs =
X)
i 1
( n 3).C v3 . X
Trong :
X : Tr s bnh qun ca i l-ng thng k cn tnh ton.
Xi : Gi tr ca i l-ng thng k nm th i.
n : S nm ca chui s liu.
Cs : H s thin lch.
Cv : H s phn tn.
Da vo cc thng s ny, s dng cng thc phn phi xc sut ca Pearson III
tnh to ca cc -ng tn sut l lun. T tn sut P tra ph lc I trong gio
trnh thu vn cng trnh -c tr s Kp, vi Kp =
X
. Khi ta c: Xp = Kp. X .
X
Chm cc im (P, Xp) ln giy tn sut v ni cc im li -c -ng tn sut

l lun. Thnh th-ng -ng tn sut l lun khng nm trung tm ca bng im
tn sut kinh nghim. Trong ph-ng php -ng thch hp ng-i ta khng
n Cs m chn Cs = m.Cv . Gi thit cc tr s m khc nhau, vi mi gi tr m th
ng vi tn sut P li c mt tr s Kp t-ng ng. Trong thc hnh tr s Kp -c
xc nh theo mt trong hai cch sau:
14
S dng bng tra lp sn ph lc 2 gio trnh thu vn cng trnh . S dng phn
mm tnh ton DFC (ca Nguyn Mai ng Tr-ng i hc Thu Li) .
Trong n ny s dng cch th hai l cch s dng phn mm DFC.
Cch s dng phn mm DFC :
- To file s liu:
+Tn -ng tn sut.
+ n v tnh.
+ B-c nhy ca lit ti liu.
+ di ca lit ti liu.
+ Nm bt u tnh ton.
+ Nhp cc tr s ca lit ti liu.
- Chy ch-ng trnh.
- Chnh sa -ng tn sut l lun.
- In kt qu.
Sau khi v -c -ng tn sut l lun ca i l-ng X cn xc nh ng vi mi
tn sut P tra -c gi tr Xp t-ng ng.
Vi cc b-c thc hin nh- trn s xc nh -c cc l-ng m-a v mc n-c
ng vi cc tn sut thit k.
3.3.2. Tnh cc l-ng m-a thit k.
1. Tnh tn sut cc l-ng m-a.

a- L-ng m-a v: Xv
S liu -c th hin bng 1 Ph lc.
b- L-ng m-a ca nm : Xnm
S liu -c th hin bng 2 Ph lc.
2. Xc nh tn sut cc l-ng m-a ng vi tn sut 75 %.
a- Xv:
Tra trn -ng tn sut Xv (Hnh 1 Ph lc) -c : X 75vu% = 236.74 (mm).
b- Xnm:
Tra trn -ng tn sut Xnm (Hnh 2 Ph lc) -c : X 75nam% = 1196.4 (mm).
3. Phn phi m-a v.
15
Phn phi m-a v.
Phn phi m-a v ng vi tn sut 75%:
X 75vu% = 236.74 (mm) i chiu vi ti liu o trm p Cu trong 25 nm (1970
n 1995), thy nm 1970 c l-ng m-a X 1970
= 245.1 (mm).Vy chn nm
vu
1970 l nm in hnh, kt qu -c th hin bng III-1, vi h s thu phng :
K=
236 .74
245 .1
0.966
Bng III-1
Thng
ngy
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Nm in hnh (1970)
I
II
III
0.2
1.4
0.3
IV
Phn phi m-a v P = 75%

V
II
2.7
0.1
0.3
3.1
0.2
0.2
0.6
2.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.1
3
0.3
0.4
1.2
0.6
0.3
0.1
2.4
0.1
0.1
IV
0.193
1.352
0.290
2.608
0.097
0.290
2.995
0.193
0.8
0.2
2.1
13.3
III
2.1
0.8
0.4
5
5.9
0.9
0.773
8.4
3.6
0.3
0.1
39.6
1.7
1.6
15
2.3
0.193
2.029
12.848
0.8
1.4
0.386
0.097
30.6
8.5
1.1
0.3
44
0.193
0.580
2.318
0.290
0.193
0.193
1.6
0.097
2.898
0.290
0.386
1.159
0.580
0.290
0.097
2.318
0.097
2.029
0.773
0.386
4.830
5.699
0.869
8.114
3.478
0.773
1.352
0.290
0.097
38.254 29.560
1.642 8.211
1.546 1.063
14.490
2.222
0.290
42.504
1.546
0.097
16
29
30
31
1.4
4.5
17.9
1.5
0.1
1.352
4.347
0.097
17.291
1.449
3.3.3. Tnh cc mc n-c thit k tram p Cu
1. Tnh tn sut cc mc n-c

a- H1 ngy max: S liu -c th hin bng 3 Ph lc.
b- Hv
: S liu -c th hin bng 4 Ph lc.
2. Xc nh cc mc n-c
a- Xc nh H 75vu% , H 90vu% :
Tra trn -ng tn sut l lun Hvu ca trm thu vn p Cu (Hnh 3
Ph lc) -c:
H 75vu% = 96.74 (cm)
H 90vu% = 87.45 (cm)
%
b- Xc nh H 11ngay
max :
Tra trn -ng tn sut l lun H1

(Hnh 4 Ph lc) -c:
ngy max
ca trm thu vn p Cu
%
H 11ngay
max = 846.62 (cm)
c- Phn phi mc n-c v: Hv.

H 75vu% = 96.74 (cm), chn nm in hnh l nm 1972 c Hv= 96.4 (cm).
Kt qu bng III-2, vi
K=
96.74
96.4
Bng III-2.
Thng
1
Tun
S ngy
Cao trnh mc n-c (cm)
10
80.9
10
99.6
10
84.2
10
51
10
87.6
10
100.4
10
46.6
10
73.6
17
10
77.2
10
84.4
10
93.1
10
72.1
10
75
10
129.2
10
196.9
3.3.4. Tnh cc mc n-c thit k trm Phc Lc Ph-ng
1. Tnh tn sut cc mc n-c

a- Hv: S liu -c th hin bng 5 Ph lc.
b- H1 ngy max: S liu -c th hin bng 6 Ph lc.
2. Xc nh cc mc n-c
c- Tra trn -ng tn sut l lun Hv ca trm Phc Lc Ph-ng hnh 5Ph lc, -c :
H 75vu% = 97.1 (cm)
H 90vu% = 87.81 (cm).
d- Tra trn -ng tn sut l lun H1ngy max ca trm Phc Lc Ph-ng
hnh 6- Ph lc, -c :
%
H 11ngay
max = 851.7 (cm)
3. Phn phi H 75vu%

H 75vu% = 97.1 (cm), chn nm in hnh l nm 1975, c H 1975
vu = 97(cm),
h s thu phng :
K=
97.1
1
97
Kt qu bng III-3.
Bng III-3.
Thng
1
Tun
S ngy
10
113.75
10
113.45
10
97
18
2
10
88.7
10
114.25
10
102.25
10
74.8
10
74.67
10
87.78
10
84.76
10
93.46
10
85.22
10
106.3
10
129.56
10
197.26
3.4. Tnh ton l-u l-ng trm bm

3.4.1. Tnh ton ch t-i cho la chim xun
min Bc n-c ta, ch canh tc gieo cy la th-ng l ch lm i, tc l

sau khi gt ma xong, cy rung, phi i cho t htt kh v thong. Sau cho
n-c vo ba, ngm rung ri gieo cy. Thi gian ny gi l thi gian lm i. Thi
gian lm i l thi gian cn n-c cng thng nht, mc cn n-c khng nhng
ph thuc vo iu kin kh hu, t trng, loi cy trng m iu quan trng hn
l nps cn ph thuc vo hnh thc lm i, c th l hnh thc gieo cy, hnh thc
-a n-c vo rung. Vic -a n-c vo rung trong v chim c th chia lm hai
thi k r rt:
- Thi k lm i, l thi gian -a n-c vo rung, ba ngm rung v cy
ng lot trong ngy cui cng.
- Thi k d-ng la l thi gian sau khi cy xong, ton b cy trng b-c vo
thi k sinh tr-ng v pht trin.
Nh- vy, mc t-i ton b -c xc nh theo :
M = M1 + M2
M1: Mc t-i thi k lm t (mc t-i i) (m3/ha).
M2: Mc t-i thi k d-ng la (m3/ha).
1. Cc ti liu cho tr-c
19
a- Ch tiu c l ca t:
rng A
Ch s ngm
(% th tch t)
0.45
H s ngm
ban u K1
H s ngm n
nh K
(mm)/ngy
(mm)/ngy
40
43
m sn c
trong t
o
(% A)
40
su tng t canh tc H = 0.45 (m).

b- Cc ti liu v nng nghip.
- Thi gian lm t : ta = 13 ngy.
- Thi v v cng thc t-i :
Giai on sinh tr-ng
T ngy
n ngy
S ngy
Cng thc t-i
H s Kc
Cy-bn r hi xanh
20/1
26/1
30-80
1.03
Hi xanh nhnh
27/1
25/2
30
30-80
1.13
nhnh lm ng
26/2
7/3
10
30-80
1.23
Lm ng n ch
8/3
25
30-80
1.12
Ch n chn
2/4
6/5
35
30-80
1.05
Tng s
107
Bc hi mt rung:
Thng
II
III
IV
eo
(mm/ngy)
2,45 2,56 2,85 3,58 5,2
VI
VII
VIII
IX
5,18 5,44 4,74 4,6
XI
XII
3,94 3,22 2,67
2. Tnh ton c th
c- Xc nh M1:
M1= W1 + W2 + W3 + W4 10Po (m3/ha)
W1: L-ng n-c cn thit lm bo ho tng t canh tc
W1= 10.A.H(1 -
) = 10.0,43.450.(1- 0,4) = 1161 (m3/ha).
W2: L-ng n-c cn to thnh lp n-c mt rung (m3/ha).

W2 = 10.a (m3/ha)
a: su lp n-c to thnh u giai on gieo cy a = 30 mm.
W2 = 10.30 = 300 (m3/ha)
W3 : L-ng n-c ngm n nh trong thi gian lm t (m3/ha).
W3 = 10. K.
a H
(t a
H
tb )
(m3/ha)
20
K: H s thm, K = 2 mm/ ngy.
ta : Thi gian lm i, ta = 13 ngy
tb:Thi gian cn thit lm bo ho tng t canh tc.
1
A.H (1
Ko
tb =
K1
1
Vi Ko =
K1: Tc ngm ht cui n v thi gian th nht (mm/ ngy).

: Ch s ngm ca t
Ko =
tb =
= 0,45.
40
1 0,45
72,73
0,43.450.(1 0,4)
72,73
1
1 0 , 45
2,34 ngy.
Chn tb=3 ngy.

W3 = 10. 2.
30 450
(13 3)
450
213 (m3/ha)
W4: L-ng bc hi mt n-c t do.

W4 = 10.e. ta (m3/ha)
e: C-ng bc hi, ly theo ti liu ca trm kh t-ng (mm/ngy).
e = 2,526 (mm/ngy)
W4 = 10.2,526. 13 = 328 (m3/ha)
Po: L-ng m-a hu ch s dng -c (mm).
Trong thi gian lm t P = 0.
Vy : M1= 1161 + 300 + 218 + 328 = 2002 (m3/ha)
d- Xc nh M2:
Mc t-i d-ng M2 -c xc nh theo ph-ng trnh cn bng n-c.
hc = hd + P + m - (e + K) - C
(mm)
Ph-ng trnh ny vit cho su v tnh ton cho tng ngy.

Trong :
21
hc: su lp n-c mt rung cui ngy tnh ton (mm)
hd: su lp n-c mt rung u ngy tnh ton (mm)
P : L-ng m-a trong ngy (mm)
m : L-ng n-c t-i trong ngy (mm).
(e + K) : Tng l-ng bc thot hi n-c v ngm trong ngy (mm).
Bc hi : e = Kc.eo
C: L-ng n-c tho i trong ngy (mm)
Trong hai ph-ng trnh ny c hai n s h c v m. gii ta gi thit m v tm hc
kim tra theo iu kin :
[hmin]
hc [hmax]
hmin, hmax : Xc nh theo cng thc t-i tng sn:

30
80
(mm)
Bng III-4
kt qu tnh ton ch ti cho la chim thi k t-i d-ng
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
L-ng
m-a
(mm)
30 - 80
2
19
Cng
thc
t-i
L-ng
n-c
hao
(mm)
30-80
Xanh -
Cy bn r hi xanh
nhnh
Thng
Giai
on
Ngy
sinh
tr-ng
4.25
4.25
4.25
4.25
4.25
4.25
4.25
4.77
4.77
4.77
4.77
4.77
S thay
i Lp n-c
Mc ti
lp n-c tho i
(mm)
MR
(mm)
(mm)
8
30
40
65.75
61.5
57.25
53.097
51.745
47.785
43.921
40.31
36.12
31.35
66.58
61.81
0.097
2.898
0.29
0.386
1.159
0.58
40
22
30-80
30-80
Lm ng n tr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
nhnh - Lm ng
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.15
5.15
5.15
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
0.193
40
0.193
2.03
12.848
40
0.29
0.097
2.318
0.097
40
0.097
0.193
1.352
0.29
0.773
0.193
0.579
2.318
40
56.91
52.01
47.11
42.21
37.503
32.603
67.703
62.803
57.903
53.196
50.326
58.274
53.374
48.474
43.574
38.674
33.774
68.874
63.974
59.074
54.174
49.564
44.761
42.179
37.376
32.226
67.076
62.023
56.716
52.568
47.358
41.858
36.358
30.858
66.131
60.931
55.731
50.724
46.103
43.221
23
30-80
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Tr n chn
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
6
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
0.29
0.193
0.193
2.029
0.773
0.386
4.83
5.699
0.869
40
40
1.352
4.347
2.608
40
40
8.114
3.478
0.29
0.097
38.253
1.642
1.546
38.311
33.304
68.297
63.097
57.897
52.697
47.497
42.297
39.126
34.699
69.885
69.515
70.014
65.683
60.483
55.283
50.083
46.235
45.382
41.99
36.23
30.47
64.71
58.95
53.19
47.43
41.67
35.91
30.15
64.39
66.744
64.462
58.702
52.942
47.182
41.712
36.049
68.542
64.424
60.21
24
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
7.46
7.46
0.097
7.46
0.29
7.46
2.995
30-80
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
4
5
7.46
7.46
572.65
Tng
68.94
65.402
59.642
53.882
90.626
74.24
68.48
62.72
57.057
49.597
42.234
35.064
30.599
23.139
15.679
14.49
2.222
42.504
0.097
168.955
400
10.626
10.626
Theo kt qu bng tnh ta thy tng mc t-i trong thi k t-i d-ng cho la l :
M2 = 4000 (m3/ha)
M = M1 + M2 = 4000 + 2002 = 6002 (m3/ha).
3.4.2. Tnh ton h s t-i
H s t-i l h l-u l-ng cn cung cp cho 1 n v din tch (1 ha) k

hiu l q(l/s/ha).
q=
.m
3,6.n.t
(l/s/ha).
m: Mc t-i.
n : S gi t-i trong mt ngy (n = 24 gi).
t : Thi gian t-i.
: T l din tch mi loi cy trng.
1. Tnh ton s b h s t-i
Da vo bng III-4 ta c bng tnh ton s b h s t-i :
tnh ton s b h s t-i
Bng III- 5.
Thi gian
STT Loi cy H s T n S Thi gian
ngy ngy ngy hao n-c
trng
Ngy ti n-c
chnh
Mc t-i(m3/ha) H s t-i q(l/s-ha)
25
5
19/1
6
13
7
13
9
2002
10
1.76
20/1 23/1
20/1
400
1.15
29/1
1/2
28/1
400
1.15
6/2
9/2
11
7/2
400
1.15
17/2 20/2
18/2
400
1.15
La chim
1
1
4
7/1
0.99 26/2
1/3
27/2
400
1.15
6/3
9/3
7/3
400
1.15
14/3 17/3
15/3
400
1.15
22/3 25/3
12
23/3
400
1.15
10
3/4
6/4
4/4
400
1.15
11
10/4 14/4
26
11/4
400
0.93
2. Hiu chnh gin h s t-i

Gin h s t-i s b cn nhiu ch bt hp l v vy ta tin hnh hiu chnh
cho h s t-i t-ng i ng u nhau.
Ta thy h s t-i trong nhng ngy lm i qu cao v thi gian lm i ngn m
l-ng n-c yu cu ln, nn ta hiu chnh bng cch tng thi gian lm i ln 20
ngy s hp l hn.
Bng III-6: Bng kt qu h s t-i hiu chnh.
Hiu chnh h s t-i.

Bng III-6
Thi gian
STT
H s
T
ngy
n
ngy
4
31/1
5
19/1
20/1
23/1
20/1
400
1.15
29/1
1/2
28/1
400
1.15
6/2
9/2
11
7/2
400
1.15
17/2
20/2
18/2
400
1.15
26/2
1/3
27/2
400
1.15
6/3
9/3
7/3
400
1.15
4
5
La chim
1
1
Loi cy
trng
2
0.99
S
ngy Thi gian hao
n-c
6
7
20
20
Ngy ti nc
chnh
8
H s t-i q(l/sMc t-i(m3/ha)

ha)
9
10
2002
1.16
26
8
14/3
17/3
15/3
400
1.15
22/3
25/3
12
23/3
400
1.15
10
3/4
6/4
4/4
400
1.15
11
10/4
14/4
26
11/4
400
0.93
3. Chn h s t-i thit k

- H s t-i thit k l h s t-i m bo hai iu kin :
+ C gi tr ln nht.
+ C thi gian t-i di nht.
T gin h s t-i sau khi hiu chnh ta c:
qmax = 1,16 (l/s/ha).
qmin = 0,93 (l/s/ha).
- Chn qtk : Ta thy qmax = 1,16 (l/s/ha), c t = 20 ngy. Vy chn:
qtk = qmax = 1,16 (l/s/ha).
3.4.2. Xc nh Qtk, Qmax, Qmin cho trm bm
1. Chn l-u l-ng thit k : Qtk

Qtk =
qtk .
qtk .
m
ht
ht
: H s li dng n-c ca h thng,
ht
= 0,7.
:H s li dng knh m-ng ng vi cc thi k kt qu ghi bng III-7.

Theo bng III-7 vi qtk = 1,16 (l/s/ha), ta c l-u l-ng thit k l:
Qtk =
1,16.2365
0,7.1000
3,92 (m3/s).
2. Xc nh l-u l-ng gia c-ng : Qgc

Qgc = k . Qtk
1(m3/s) < Qtk < 10 (m3/s) => ly k = 1,2 => Qgc = 1,2 . 3,92 = 4,704 (m3/s).
3. Xc nh l-u l-ng nh nht: Qmin
27
q min .
Qmin =
0,93.2365
= 3,23 (m3/s).
0,68.1000
Bng III-7
Thi gian
Ngy t-STT Loi cy H s
T ngy n ngy S ngy i n-c
trng
chnh
5
12
14
16
31/1
19/1
20
1.16
1.00
0.70
3.92
20/1
23/1
20/1
1.15
0.99
0.70
3.89
29/1
1/2
28/1
1.15
0.99
0.70
3.89
6/2
9/2
7/2
1.15
0.99
0.70
3.89
17/2
20/2
18/2
1.15
0.99
0.70
3.89
26/2
1/3
27/2
1.15
0.99
0.70
3.89
6/3
9/3
7/3
1.15
0.99
0.70
3.89
14/3
17/3
15/3
1.15
0.99
0.70
3.89
22/3
25/3
23/3
1.15
0.99
0.70
3.89
10
3/4
6/4
4/4
1.15
0.99
0.70
3.89
11
10/4
13/4
11/4
0.93
0.80
0.68
3.23
5
6
7
8
0.99
Qi(m3/s)
qi/qtk
10
La chim
1
1
H s t-i
q(l/s-ha)
28
CHNG IV
Tnh ton thit k trm bm

4. 1. Tnh ton cc mc n-c.
4.1.1. Xc nh qu trnh mc n-c sng thit k .
T qu trnh mc n-c sng Cu ti v tr trm thu vn Phc Lc Ph-ng (bng

III-3) v ti v tr trm thu vn p Cu (bng III-2), ta xc nh qu trnh mc
n-c sng Cu ma kit ti v tr xy dng trm bm Vit Ho ng vi tn sut
thit k ( P = 75% ) bng cch ni suy theo cng thc:
ZVH = ZPLP LPLP-VH .{(ZPLP ZC)/ (LPLP - C)} (IV 1)
ZVH: Cao trnh mc n-c sng ti v tr xy dng trm bm Vit Ho.
ZPLP: Cao trnh mc n-c sng ti v tr trm thu vn Phc Lc Ph-ng.
ZVH: Cao trnh mc n-c sng ti v tr trm thu vn p Cu.
LPLP-VH : Khong cch t trm thu vn Phc Lc Ph-ng n trm bm Vit
Ho; LPLP-VH = 16 (km).
LPLP-C : Khong cch t trm thu vn Phc Lc Ph-ng n trm thu vn
p Cu; LPLP-C = 30 (km).
Qu trnh mc n-c sng Cu ma kit tai v tr xy dng trm bm Vit Ho
Thng
Tun
S ngy
10
97.32
10
106.52
10
90.6
10
69.85
10
100.92
10
101.32
10
60.7
10
74.35
10
82.49
10
84.58
10
93.28
10
75.66
10
90.65
10
129.38
29
3
10
197.08
4.1.2. Tnh mc n-c ln nht v nh nht (Zmax, Zmin).
- Mc n-c ln nht b ht c ngha rt quan trng trong vic thit k

trm bm . N nh h-ng trc tip n cao trnh t sn ng c. Ngoi ra n c
lin quan n vn chng thm, chng m ngp lt trong ma m-a bo.
- Mc n-c nh nht b ht quyt nh qu trnh lm vic n nh ca trm
bm , dng tnh ton ct n-c a hnh ln nht phc v cng tc kim tra my
bm hot ng vng hiu sut thp, c kh thc xut hin v qu ti ng c.
1. Mc n-c nh nht ng vi tn sut kim tra :Vi P = 90%
+ Trm Phc Lc Ph-ng :
H = 0,878 (m)
+ Trm p Cu
H = 0,874 (m)
Bng ph-ng php ni suy theo cng thc IV - 1 ta -c
Zmin = 0,876 (m)

Mc n-c ln nht ng vi tn sut kim tra: P = 1%.
+ Trm Phc Lc Ph-ng : H = 8,52 (m)
+ Trm p Cu
: H = 8,47 (m).
Bng ph-ng php ni suy theo cng thc IV - 1 ta -c :

Ni suy -c
: Zmax = 8,49 (m)
4.2. Thit k knh dn knh tho.

thit k knh cho trm bm Vit Ho ta phi thit k hai loi knh l
knh dn n-c t sng ti b ht v knh tho. Khi thit k phi m bo knh n
nh, nh my vn hnh phi chuyn -c l-u l-ng thit k .
Trong tnh ton knh ta dng ph-ng php i chiu vi mt ct li nht v mt
thu lc.
4.2.1. Thit k knh tho.
1. Nhim v:
Knh tho c nhim v dn n-c t b tho ti mt rung. Knh phi m bo
dn n-c, n nh, khng b bi lng v xi l. Thng qua tnh ton thu lc
xc nh kch th-c mt ct knh.
Phn trn ta c cc l-u l-ng :
30
QTK = 3,92 (m3/s).
Qgc = 4,704 (m3/s).
Qmin = 3,23 (m3/s).
i vi a hnh ng bng ven sng t-ng i bng phng ta chn : i = 2.10-4.
QTK = 3,92 (m3/s) t tht pha st nng v va tra trong gio trnh thu nng:
n = 0,0225
H s mi m:
Mi trong : m = 1.
Mi ngoi : m = 1.
2. Xc nh cc kch th-c knh.
Theo kinh nghim :
hk = A. 3 QTK .
Trong A l h s : A = 0,7
1 chn A = 0,8, ta c :
hk = 0,8. 3 3,92 = 1,26 (m)

4.mo i
Tnh f(Rln) =
QTK
7,312. 2.10
3,92
= 0,026
Vi n = 0,0225 tra ph lc 8-1 bng tra thu lc ta c : Rln = 0,94 (m)

Lp t s :
h
R ln
1,26
0,94
1,34
m = 1 tra ph lc 8-3 bng tra thu lc =>

b = Rln.
b
R ln
0,94.4,36
b
R ln
4,36 .
4,1(m)
= (b+ m.h).h = (4,1 + 1.1,26).1,26 = 6,75 (m2)

3. Kim tra iu kin xi l bi lng.
a) m bo iu kin xi l.
Knh tho khng b xi l khi m bo iu kin : Vmax < [VKX]
Vmax : L-u tc dng chy trong knh ng vi QGC.
[VKX] : L-u tc dng chy khng xi cho php.
Tnh hmax :
31
Tnh f(Rln) =
4.mo i
QGC
7,312. 2.10
4,704
= 0,022

4,1
0,99
b
R ln
Lp t s :
4,059

h
R ln
hmax = Rln.
max
h
R ln
1,3855
0,99.1,3855 1,37(m)
= (b+ m.hmax).hmax = (4.1 + 1.1,37).1,37 = 7,49 (m2)
Vmax =
Q GC
max
4,704
7,49
0,628 (m/s)
[VKX] = k.Q0,1 vi t tht pha st va tra ph lc 8-7 gio trnh thu nng -c : k
= 0,62
[VKX] = 0,62.4,7040,1 = 0,724 (m/s)
Vy Vmax < [VKX] knh khng b xi l.
b) m bo iu kin bi lng.
lng knh khng b mc c th Vmin > 0,3 (m/s).
Vmin : L-u tc dng chy trong knh ng vi Qmin.
Tnh hmin :
4.mo i
Tnh f(Rln) =
Qmin
7,312. 2.10
3,23
= 0,032

Lp t s :
b
Rln
3,24
0,877
4,675

hmin = Rln.
min
h
Rln
h
Rln
1,292
0,877.1,292 1,133(m)
= (b+ m.hmin).hmin = (4.1 + 1.1,133).1,133 = 5,928 (m2)
Tnh -c : Vmin =
Q min
min
3,23
5,928
0,544 (m/s)
32
Nhn thy Vmin > 0,3 (m/s) nn lng knh khng b mc c.
c) Kim tra n nh ca knh:
Mun cho lng knh -c n nh th khng nhng khng cho mt ct
knh khng b bi lng hoc xi l m ng th phi gi cho tuyn knh khng b
x dch sang bn tri hoc bn phi v bn xi bn bi. Do vy tr s = b/h phi
hp l knh khng b bi lng, xi l, tuyn knh khng b x dch, ng thi
khi l-ng o p l nh nht. tho mn iu kin trn th > [ ]:
Theo kt qu thit k knh trn th c: =
4,1
= 3.25
1,26
Tr s [ ] -c xc nh theo cng thc :

[ ] = 3.Q0.25 m = 3.3,920,25- 1 = 3,22
Nhn thy > [ ] nn chiu rng b = 4,1 m v su hTK = 1.26 m m ta thit k
-c cho knh dn l hp l.
Vy : bK = 4,1 m
m=1
hTK = 1,26 m
i = 2.10-4
d) Xc ng cao trnh y v b knh tho.
+ Cao trnh y : Zk = Zyc - hyk
Zyc : Cao trnh mc n-c yu cu u knh t-i.
Zyc = A0 + h + i.l + hc
Trong :
A0 : Cao trnh mt rung trung bnh ca khu vc t-i, A0 = 5 m
h : Chiu su lp n-c n-c mt rung, h = 0,3 m
i.l : Tng tn tht dc -ng, vi i l dc bnh qun ca knh t-i
i = 0,0002, l l chiu di on knh t-i l = 9 km
hc : Tng tn tht u n-c qua cc cng trnh trn h thng knh
Zyc = 5 + 0,3 + 1,8 + 0,4 = 7,5 (m)
htk: su dng chy trong knh khi dn l-u l-ng thit k : htk = 1,26 (m)
Zk = 7,5 -1,26 = 6,24 (m)
+ Cao trnh b knh tho :
Zbk = Zk + hGC + a
33
hGC: su dng chy trong knh khi dn l-u l-ng gia c-ng : h GC = 1,37 (m)
a : Chiu cao an ton ca nh b knh.
Vi QGC = 4,704 (m3/s) chn a = 0,4 (m).
Zbk = 6,24 + 1,37 + 0,4 = 8,01 (m).
+ Chiu rng b knh:
B knh kt hp lm -ng giao thng nn chn b rng b knh l 2 (m).
4.2.2. Thit k knh dn.
1. Nhim v:
Knh dn lm nhim v dn n-c t ngun n-c vo b ht ca trm bm .
2. Mt ct knh dn v dc y knh.
Do knh dn cng chuyn n-c vi l-u l-ng nh- knh tho nn ta chn mt ct
ca knh dn nh- knh tho.
Chiu su mc n-c trong knh : htk = 1,26 m.
Chiu rng y knh
: bk = 4,1 m.
dc mi knh
:m=1.
dc y knh
: i = 2.10-4.
3. Xc nh cao trnh y knh dn.
Zk = Zbhmin - htk
Zbhmin : Cao trnh mc n-c thp nht b ht ng vi tn sut P = 90%.
Zbhmin = Zsmin - hms
Zsmin : Cao trnh mc n-c thp nht ngoi sng ng vi tn sut P = 90%
Zsmin90% = 87,63 (cm) = 0,876 (m)
hms : Ct n-c tn tht t sng ti b ht, s b chn chn h ms = 0,15 (m)
Zbhmin = Zsmin90% - hms = 0,876 - 0,15 = 0,726 (m).
Vy: Zk = 0,726 -1,42 - 0,7 (m) .
4. Xc nh cao trnh b knh dn.
Zbk = Zbhmax + a
a: cao an ton a = 0,4 (m)
Zbhmax: Cao trnh mc n-c ln nht b ht.
i vi trm bm t trong , cao rtnh mt t thp, v ma l phi dng ca
34
cng khng ch mc n-c trong knh. n nh b knh, n nh ca cng ta
quy nh mc n-c b ht ln nht Zbhmax = 2,2 (m).
Zbk = 2,2 + 0,4 = 2,6 (m).
2m
+8,01
4,1m
m=
1
m=
1
+6,24
Mt ct knh tho
+6,5
2m
m
4,1m
+4,1
-0,534
Mt ct knh dn
4.3. Tnh ton cc ct n-c ca trm bm
4.3.1. Tnh ct n-c thit k ca trm bm (Htk)
Ct n-c thit k ca trm bm cng chnh l ct n-c thit k ca my bm.

-c xc nh theo cng thc:
Htk = hhbq+ hms
Trong :
35
hhbq l ct n-c a hnh bnh qun. -c xc nh theo cng thc:
hhbq =
Qi hi t i
Qi t i
d dng xc nh -c ct n-c a hnh (hi) v thi gian bm t-i (ti). V

ln cng mt h trc to -ng quan h mc n-c b ht vi thi gian l:
(Zbh~t). V -ng quan h mc n-c b tho vi thi gian l (Zbt~t). Ri lp bng
thng k v tnh ton nh- bng IV-2.
+ Tnh cc tr s trong bng IV-2 nh- sau:
- Qi l l-u l-ng yu cu u knh t-i.
- Zbti l mc n-c b tho ng vi l-u l-ng yu cu Qi. Bng IV-3.
- Zbhi l mc n-c b ht ng vi mc n-c sng Cu tai v tr xy dng
trm bm Vit Ho tr i tn tht ct n-c qua cng iu tit l 0,15 m kt qu
tnh nh- bng IV-1
Bng IV-1
Thng
Tun
S ngy
10
97.17
10
106.37
10
90.45
10
69.7
10
100.77
10
101.17
10
60.55
10
74.2
10
82.34
10
84.43
10
93.13
10
75.51
10
90.5
10
129.23
10
197.93
36
- hdhi l ct n-c a hnh th i -c tnh theo cng thc:

hdhi = Zbti Zbhi
Bng IV-2: Tnh ton ct n-c a hnh bnh qun

Ln Thi gian ti
ti T ngy n ngy
31/12
9/1
1
10/1
19/1
2
20/1
23/1
3
29/1
1/2
4
6/2
9/2
5
17/2
20/2
6
26/2
1/3
7
6/3
9/3
8
14/3
17/3
9
22/3
25/3
10 3/4
6/4
11 10/4
14/4
S
Qi
Zbt
ngy (m3/s)
Zbh
hdhi
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
0.97
1.06
0.90
0.90
0.70
1.01
1.01
0.61
0.74
0.82
0.84
0.93
6.53
6.44
6.59
6.59
6.79
6.48
6.48
6.88
6.75
6.67
6.65
6.44
3.92
3.92
3.89
3.89
3.89
3.89
3.89
3.89
3.89
3.89
3.89
3.23
7.50
7.50
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.37
Qiti
(m3)
Qihiti
(m3)
Qi3
Qi3ti
39.2
39.2
15.56
15.56
15.56
15.56
15.56
15.56
15.56
15.56
15.56
16.15
234.6
255.91
252.30
102.47
102.47
105.70
100.86
100.80
107.12
105.00
103.73
103.41
103.99
1543.77
60.24
60.24
58.86
58.86
58.86
58.86
58.86
58.86
58.86
58.86
58.86
33.70
683.95
602.36
602.36
235.46
235.46
235.46
235.46
235.46
235.46
235.46
235.46
235.46
168.49
3492.32
hdhbq = 1543,77/234,6 = 6,6 (m)

Bng IV-3
STT
Qi(m3/s)
f(Rln)
Rln
b/Rln
h/Rln
h(m)
Zbti (m)
4,704
0,022
0,99
4,059
1,5855
1,37
7,61
3,92
0,026
0,94
4,36
1,34
1,26
7,5
3,89
0,0266
0,93
4,41
1,35
1,25
7,49
3,23
0,032
0,877
4,675
1,292
1,133
7,37
Tng hms l tn tht ct n-c trong ng ht v ng y do ma st.

Gm c tn tht cc b v tn tht dc -ng v ch-a chn -c my bm nn
ch-a thit k -c ng ht v ng y. Chn tng h ms theo kinh nghim. Theo gio
37
trnh h-ng dn n trm bm th-ng chn:
Tng hms = 1- 1,5 m. Chn Tng hms = 1,4 m.
Vy: HTK = 6,6 + 1,4 = 8 (m).
4.3.2. Tnh ton ct n-c ln nht v nh nht
1. Ct n-c thit k ln nht (HTKmax).

HTKmax = hhmax + hms
hhmax : Ct n-c a hnh ln nht ng vi tn sut thit k P = 75%.
hhmax = 6,88 (m)
Chn hms = 1,3 (m)
Thay vo cng thc -c : HTKmax = 6,88 + 1,3 = 8,18 (m)
2. Ct n-c thit k nh nht (HTKmin).
HTKmin = hhmin + hms
hhmin : Ct n-c a hnh nh nht ng vi tn sut thit k P = 75%.
hhmin = 6,44 (m)
Chn hms = 1,4 (m)
Thay vo cng thc -c : HTKmax = 6,44 + 1,4 = 7,84 (m)
4.3.3. Tnh ton ct n-c ln nht nh nht ng vi tn sut kim tra
Pl = 1 %
1. Ct n-c ln nht (HKTmax).
PKit = 90 %
HKTmax = hhmaxKT + hms

hhmaxKT : Ct n-c a hnh ln nht sut hin khi mc n-c b tho l ln
nht v mc n-c b ht l nh nht. Mc n-c b tho ln nht khi bm vi
l-u l-ng gia c-ng Qgc = 4,704 (m3/s). Mc n-c b ht ng vi tn sut kim
tra P = 90 %.
hhmaxKT = Zk + hgc - Zbhmin = 6,24 + 1,37 0,726 = 6,884 (m)
HKTmax = 6,884 + 1,3 = 8,184 (m)
2. Ct n-c nh nht (HKTmin).
HKTmin = hhminKT + hms
hhminKT : Ct n-c a hnh nh nht sut hin khi mc n-c b tho l nh
38
nht v mc n-c b ht l ln nht. Mc n-c b tho nh nht khi bm vi
l-u l-ng gia Qmin = 3,23 (m3/s). Mc n-c b ht ln nht nh- chn:
Zbhmax = 2,2 (m)
hhminKT = Zk + hmin - Zbhmmax = 6,24 + 1,133 2,2 = 5,173 (m)
HKTmax = 5,173 + 1,4 = 6,573 (m)
3. Kt lun:
Vy kt qu tnh ton tho mn bt ng thc:
HminTK < HTK < HmaxTK < HmaxKT
4.4. Chn my bm v ng c
4.4.1. Chn my bm chnh
1. Chn s my bm (n).
n l s my ca mt trm bm. C ngha kinh t, k thut rt ln. C v mt
thit k cng nh- mt qun l, vn hnh ca trm bm sau ny. N quyt nh trc
tip n loi my bm v loi nh my bm.
Khi chn my bm phi lm sao m bo cung cp n-c theo biu l-u
l-ng yu cu mt cch chnh xc vi hiu qu kinh t cao nht. Vy phi da vo
biu l-u l-ng yu cu chn s my bm . Hai l qua kinh nghim vn hnh,
qun l cho thy tt nht cho thy s my bm ca mt trm bm sao cho :
3
n+1
8 Nu n+ 1 m l th cng tt.
Biu l-u l-ng yu cu
Q1my
Ph-ng n I
39
Q1my
Ph-ng n II
Qua biu l-u l-ng yu cu d kin -a ra 2 ph-ng n s my t-ng i hp
l hn c l:
+ Ph-ng n 1 chn n = 5 my.
QTK
1 my
Tram
QTK
=
n
3,92
5
0,784(m 3 / s )
+ Ph-ng n 2 chn n = 6 my.

QTK
1 my
Tram
QTK
=
n
3,92
6
0,653(m 3 / s )
V mt l-u l-ng yu cu m phn tch, th thy ngay :

+ Ph-ng n 1 c 5 my th l-u l-ng tha thiu ln hn ph-ng n 2.
Khi l-u l-ng yu cu l 3,23 m3/s th phi vn hnh 4 my l 4 x 0,784 = 3,136
m3/s s thiu 0,094 m3/s . Cn khi l-u l-ng yu cu l 3,92 m3/s th vn hnh 5
my l ph hp vi l-u l-ng yu cu v tha 0,03 m3/s so vi l-u l-ng yu cu Q
= 3,89 m3/s.
+ Ph-ng n 2 c n = 6 my s tt hn. V n ph hp vi kh nng cung cp l-u
l-ng i hi ca cy trng qua tng thi k. L-u l-ng tha thiu cc thi k
rt nh.
Vi l-u l-ng yu cu l 3,23 m3/s th vn hnh 5 my l 5 x 0,65 = 3,25 m3/s.
L-u l-ng tha ch l 0,02 m3/s. Khi l-u l-ng yu cu l 3,92 m3/s th phi vn
hnh 6 my. L-u l-ng my bm cung cp va l-u l-ng yu cu v tha 0,03
m3/s so vi l-u l-ng yu cu Q = 3,89 m3/s.
Trong thc t chn ra -c mt ph-ng n s my bm c li nht, cn phi so
snh nhiu mt khc nhau na. Nh- vy s chn loi my bm cho c hai ph-ng
n so snh tm ra mt ph-ng n c li nht.
40
2. Chn loi my bm
My bm -c chn phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Vi ct n-c thit k HTK m bo cung cp l-u l-ng QTK.
- C hiu sut cao nht trong cc thi k lm vic.
- Kh nng chng kh thc cao khng phi xy nh my qu su.
- C cht l-ng tt (lp rp thun li, cc b phn nh- bi, vng m chng
r r, thit b chng lc dc trc cht l-ng yu cu)
- C s vng quay ln s gim -c trng l-ng ca my bm v ng c.
Hin nay trn th tr-ng c nhiu loi my bm khc nhau. C my bm ni a do
nh my ch to bm Hi D-ng sn xut. V c my bm nhp ngoi ca cc
n-c trn th gii.
*V my bm ni a:
+ u im: Khng phi nhp t n-c ngoi v. Cho nn c th ch ng v thi
gian xy dng cng trnh. Gi thnh r v ph tng thay th li c sn trong
n-c.
+ Nh-c im : Ch-a c nhiu trng loi khc nhau. Nht l cc loi my bm
c l-u l-ng ln m dng my bm ni th s my s nhiu. S my bm nhiu th
qun l vn hnh cng phc tp. Hn na do trnh k thut sn xut ch to
my bm cn nhiu hn ch, nn cht l-ng my cn thp, my bm hay hng v
kh nng chng kh thc km.
* V my bm ngoi:
+ u im: C nhiu loi my bm kch c khc nhau, thit k ng b. Khi
trm bm c l-u l-ng ln th khng cn phi dng nhiu my. Do kt cu nh
my ngn, thun li cho vic qun l vn hnh. Hai l cht l-ng my tt t hhng v kh nng chng kh thc cao.
+ Nh-c im: Do my bm phi nhp t n-c ngoi v, do khng ch ng
v thi gian xy dng cng trnh. Gi thnh t (nh- i vi my bm ca Thu
in...),vt t- thit b thay th khi cn cng kh khn.
Qua phn tch -u nh-c im cc my bm ni a v my bm ngoi nhp.
trm bm hot ng lu di, m bo an ton khi vn hnh, thun li trong qun l
th i vi trm bm Vit Ho nn chn my bm ca Lin X c ch to.
41
a. Xc ng thng s k thut ca cc my bm .
T biu sn phm my bm ( trong s tra cu my bm v thit b) cn c vo
HTK , QTK chn -c loi my bm v cc thng s theo cc ph-ng n nh- bng
IV.4:
Bng IV.4
STT
Thng s cng tc
n v Cc ph-ng n
Ph-ng n I
Ph-ng n II
Loi my bm
OB5- 47
20 pB-60
S t my
Ct n-c bm
L-u l-ng
m3/s
0,9
0,6
Hiu sut
83
87
Vng quay
V/ph
960
960
-1
-1
7
su dm my
b. Xc nh cao trnh t my .
Cao trnh t my bm c ngha quan trng i vi gi thnh v tui th cng

trnh. Nu cao trnh t my bm thp, p lc trong khe cnh qut tng nn chng
-c hin t-ng kh thc lm tng tui th my bm.Nh-ng kinh ph xy dng ln.
Nu cao trnh t my bm cao , p lc trong khe cnh qut thp nn d pht sinh
hin t-ng kh thc lm gim tui th ca my bm , nh-ng kinh ph xy dng
nh.
Ta thy -ng c tnh ca my bm 20 pB 60 khng c -ng quan h
[ h ]~ Q hay [Hck] ~ Q. Tr-ng hp ny ta tnh h theo cng thc kinh nghim ca
Tom:
[ h] = K. hth
Vi hth =
th
.H
42
K: H s d tr do iu kin k thut n nh th-ng ly K
1,15
hth : d tr kh thc ca my bm .
H : Ct n-c ca my bm
th
: H s kh thc ti hn.
i vi my bm h-ng trc c th dng cng thc kinh nghim ca Vin nghin

cu thu lc Lin X (c):
th
= 2,05.10-4.ns4/3
ns : H s t tc ca my bm ta ang xt, xc nh theo cng thc :

ns = 3,65.n.
Q
(v/ph)
4 3
H
n: S vng quay ca my bm , n = 960 (v/ph)

Q,H : L-u l-ng v ct n-c tra trn -ng c tnh ng vi im cng tc c
hiu sut cao nht.
Ta thy khi my bm lm vic vi ct n-c H = 8,4 m, Q = 0,73 (m 3/s), hiu sut
cao nht = 87 % nn tnh ns theo nhng gi tr ca Q, H trn .
ns = 3,65.960.
th
0, 73
= 606,76 (v/ph)
4 8, 4 3
= 2,05.10-4.( 606,76)4/3 = 1,05
[ h] = 1,15.1,05.8 = 9,66 (m)

Khi my bm lm vic vi ct n-c ln nht
KT
Vi H max
= 8,184 (m)
hth = 1,05.8,184 = 8,59 (m)

[ h] = 1,15.8,59 = 9,88 (m)
Khi my bm lm vic vi ct n-c nh nht:
KT
Vi H min
= 6,573(m)
hth = 1,05.6,573 = 6,9 (m)

[ h] = 1,15.6,77 = 7,94 (m)
Ti trm bm Vit Ho lp my bm h-ng trc trc ng do vy cao trnh t
my phi tnh theo 2 iu kin:
43
*iu kin 1: m bo my bm khng sinh ra hin t-ng kh thc khi lm vic
vi ct n-c thit k. Khi cao trnh t my Z1m -c xc nh theo cng thc:
Z1m = Zminbh +[hs]
Trong :
Zminbh: Cao trnh mc n-c b ht thp nht, Zminbh = 0,726 (m).
[hs]: cao ht n-c a hnh cho php t mc n-c b ht thp nht n trung
tm bnh xe cnh qut, my khng sinh ra hin t-ng kh thc, [h s] -c xc
nh theo cng thc :
[hs] = Hat - Hbh - hmsoh - [ h]
Hat: Ct n-c p lc kh tri trn b mt thong ca b ht -c xc nh theo cng
thc :
min
Z bh
0,726
Hat = 10,33 = 10,33 = 10,33 (m)
900
900
Hbh: Ct n-c p lc bc hi ca n-c bm ln. Trong tr-ng hp nhit n-c

trung bnh t = 30o tra ph lc 2 sch Bi tp v n mn hc trm bm c
Hbh = 0,43 (m)
hmsoh : Tn tht v ma st trn -ng ng ht, s b ly hmsoh= 0,5 (m).
[ h]: d tr kh thc cho php -c xc nh bng cch tra trn -ng c tnh
my bm ng vi HTK =8 (m).
Kt qu tnh cao trnh t my theo iu kin 1 ca c 2 ph-ng n -c th hin
bng sau:
PA
Loi my
min
Z bh
(m)
Hat (m)
Hbh (m)
Hmsoh (m)
[ h] (m)
Zm (m)
OB5- 47
0,726
10,33
0,43
0,5
6,5
3,626
II
20 pB-60
0,726
10,33
0,43
0,5
9,66
0,466
*iu kin 2: Tnh cao trnh t my theo yu cu v ngp bnh xe cnh qut
do nh my ch to quy nh. Theo iu kin ny cao trnh t my Z2m -c xc
nh theo cng thc:
Z2m = Zminbh + hyc
hyc: cao ht n-c cho php theo yu cu ch to ca nh my
Kt qu tnh cao trnh t my theo iu kin 2 ca c 2 ph-ng n -c th hin
bng sau:
PA
Loi my
min
Z bh
(m)
hyc (m)
Z2m(m)
OB5- 47
0,726
-1
- 0,274
44
II
0,726
20 pB-60
-1
- 0,274
Cao trnh t my -c chn l cao trnh tho mn c hai iu kin. Nh- vy cao
trnh t my ca c hai ph-ng n l: Zm = - 0,274 (m).
*Kim tra cao trnh t my:
Cao trnh t my -c chn hp l v mt k thut nu khng pht sinh hin
t-ng kh thc khi vn hnh trong iu kin bt li. Bi vy phi kim tra kh nng
pht sinh hin t-ng kh thc khi trm bm lm vic vi cc ct n-c HmaxKT ,
HminKT .
+Tr-ng hp my bm lm vic vi HmaxKT.
Cao trnh t my Zm cho php khng pht sinh hin t-ng kh thc trong
tr-ng hp ny -c xc nh theo cng thc:
Zm = Zminbh + [hs]
Vi [hs] = Hat - Hbh - hmsoh - [ h] = 9,4 - [ h]coi Hat, Hbh , hmsoh khng i.
[ h] : d tr kh thc cho php ng vi HmaxKT , xc nh bng cch tra -ng
c tnh ca tng loi my bm ng vi HmaxKT = 8,184 (m)
Kt qu tra -ng c tnh v tnh ton c th -c th hin bng sau:
PA
Loi my
min
Z bh
(m)
[ h](m)
[hs](m)
Zm (m)
Ghi ch
OB5- 47
0,726
6,5
2,9
3,626
Khng sinh ra kh thc
II
20 pB-60
0,726
9,88
- 0,48
0,246
Khng sinh ra kh thc
+Tr-ng hp my bm lm vic vi HminKT.

Cao trnh t my Zm cho php khng pht sinh hin t-ng kh thc trong
tr-ng hp ny -c xc nh theo cng thc:
Zm = Zmaxbh + [hs]
Vi [hs] = Hat - Hbh - hmsoh - [ h] = 9,4 - [ h] coi Hat, Hbh , hmsoh khng i.
[ h] : d tr kh thc cho php ng vi HminKT , xc nh bng cch tra -ng
c tnh ca my bm ng vi HminKT = 6,573 (m).
PA
Loi my
min
Z bh
(m)
[ h](m)
[hs](m)
Zm (m)
Ghi ch
OB5- 47
0,726
Khng sinh ra kh thc
II
20 pB-60
0,726
7,94
1,46
2,2
Khng sinh ra kh thc
45
i vi my bm OB5-47 (n=960 v/ph) ng vi tr-ng hp kim tra HminKT th
khng xc nh -c cc thng s chy my. Trong thc t do HminKT xut hin vi
thi on ngn nn i khi khng kim tra tr-ng hp ny.
Nhn xt : Vi cao trnh t my chn cho trm bm Vit Ho nh- trn th
my bm lm vic an ton vi c hai ct n-c kim tra (HminKT, HmaxKT ).
Nh- vy chn cao trnh t my thit k l:
Ph-ng n I: Z TK
dm = - 0,274 (m).
Ph-ng n II: Z TK
dm = - 0,274 (m).
c. Nhn xt hai ph-ng n:
Cc thng s k thut ca 2 ph-ng n khi lm vic thit k , -c th hin trong
bng IV.5:
Bng IV.5
STT
Thng s cng tc
n v Cc ph-ng n
Ph-ng n I
Ph-ng n II
Loi my bm
OB5- 47
20 pB-60
S t my
Ct n-c bm
L-u l-ng
m3/s
0,784
0,653
Hiu sut
83
86,7
Vng quay
V/ph
960
960
su dm my
-1
-1
d tr kh thc
6,5
9,568
NTrc
Kw
74,13
58,5
-3o20
17o
10
My bm ca ph-ng n I v ph-ng n II ch to theo cng ngh ca Lin X

c, hin -c s dng rng ri n-c ta gi thnh ca hai loi my ny ph hp
vi kh nng u t- ca nh n-c hin nay. V trm bm Vit Ho c dao ng
mc n-c b ht nh ( + 0,726 - +2,2 m ), do vy nu s dng 2 loi my ny th
chiu cao nh my va phi.
46
-
<
iu cho thy ph-ng n II lng ph in hn ph-ng n I.
- d tr kh thc ca ph-ng n II ln hn ph-ng n I nn kh nng

chng kh thc ca ph-ng n II tt hn ph-ng n I.
- L-ng Q tha thiu ca ph-ng n II nh hn ph-ng n I nn ph-ng n
II p ng l-u l-ng yu cu trong tng thi on tt hn ph-ng n I.
- Ph-ng n II c s my l, thun li cho qun l vn hnh.
Kt lun: Qua so snh -u nh-c im ca tng ph-ng n trn ta nhn thy v
mt k thut ph-ng n II -u vit hn ph-ng n I. Do vy ta chn ph-ng n II
(ph-ng n 6 my) lm ph-ng n thit k cho trm bm Vit Ho.
Vy chn 6 my 20 pB-60 (n = 960 v/ph) v mt my d tr thit k cho
trm bm Vit Ho.
4.4.2. Kim tra ng c i km
ng c lm vic an ton theo iu kin lm vic thc t ca trm bm th

phi kim tra cng sut v s vng quay cu ng c .
1. Kim tra cng sut
My bm 20 pB-60 (n=960v/ph) l my bm h-ng trc trc ng nn c cng
sut ln nht khi lm vic vi ct n-c bm ln nht H max. Do vy ta phi kim tra
cng sut ca ng c khi my bm lm vic vi ct n-c ln nht Hmax.
Cng sut thc t ln nht m ng c s phi lm vic trong mi tr-ng hp
phi nh hn cng sut nh mc ca ng c . Tc l Nmax < NH.
Trong :
NH : Cng sut nh mc ca ng c .
Nmax: Cng sut thc t ln nht m ng c s phi lm vic, Nmax -c xc nh
theo cng thc :
Nmax =
9,81.K.Qb H b
b
tr
K: H s d tr v thiu chnh xc ca -ng c tnh ca my bm c tnh n

cc tn tht bt th-ng. Theo kinh nghim ly K = 1,1
Hb : Ct n-c ca my bm cho cng sut ln nht
Qb,
max
: L-u l-ng , hiu sut ca my bm khi lm vic vi ct n-c H KT
: Hiu sut truyn ng, ng c -c gn trc tip vi my bm nn
tr
tr
= 1.
47
max
Tr-ng hp: H KT
= 8,184 (m)
Tra -ng c tnh ca my bm 20 pB-60 (n=960v/ph) ng vi gc nghing

cnh qut l 17o ta c:
Qb = 0,63(m3/s)
b
Vy : Nmax =
= 86,5 %
9,81.1,1.0,63.8,184
= 64,32 (Kw)
0,865.1
min
Tr-ng hp: H KT
= 6,573 (m)
Tra -ng c tnh ca my bm 20 pB-60 (n=960v/ph) ng vi gc nghing

cnh qut l 17o ta c:
Qb = 0,72(m3/s)
b
Vy : Nmin =
= 85,5 %
9,81.1,1.0,72.6,573
= 59,73(Kw)
0,855.1
Kt lun : Trong c hai tr-ng hp th cng sut thc t ca ng c u nh hn

cng sut nh mc. Vy ng c i km tho mn iu kin cng sut.
2. Kim tra s vng quay
S chnh lch s vng quay ca ng cb so vi vng quay ca my bm phi
nm trong phm vi cho php nh hn 5 %.
Cng thc kim tra s vng quay: n =
(ndc nb )
.100%
ndc
5%
Trong :
nc: S vng quay ca ng c ; nc = 983 v/ph.
nb: S vng quay ca my bm ; nb = 960 v/ph.
n=
(983 960)
.100%
983
2,34%
5%
Vy s vng quay ca ng c m bo s vng quay ca my bm .

Thng s k thut ca ng c MA 82-92/6:
Cng sut nh mc (Kw)
75
S vng quay(v/ph)
983
Hiu sut (%)
90,6
48
H s cos
0,88
in p U (v)
220/380
4.5. Thit k nh my
4.5.1. Chn nh my bm
Nh my l ni t cc thit b c kh thu ng lc ch yu nh- my bm ,

ng c v cc thit b ph nh- qut gi, bm chn khng, cc loi kho, my bm
n-c k thut, thit b iu khin an ton.
Cc kch th-c c bn ca nh my bao gm: chiu di, chiu rng, chiu cao
ca nh my . Vic tnh ton xc nh cc kch th-c c bn phi da vo s
lp gip my bm , ng c in v cc iu kin m bo v quy trnh vn hnh
v qun l khai thc sau ny nh- an ton v in, thun li cho cng tc sa cha,
lp gip ng c v cc thit b khc. ng thi nh my -c thit k c tnh m
thut cao ph hp vi cnh quan xung quanh.
Hnh dng, kch th-c v kt cu ca nh my ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:
- Cch ni tip nh my vi cc cng trnh ly n-c
- Cu to my bm v ng c chnh
- Tnh hnh ngun n-c, iu kin a cht v tr t cng trnh
- Tnh hnh kh hu, loi vt liu xy dng nh my bm
- Chiu cao ht n-c cho php
- S dao ng mc n-c tr-c trm
Theo tnh ton phn trn loi my bm -c chn thit k nh my l loi
20 pB-60(n=960 v/ph) v cc thng s phc v cho vic thit k nh my l:
+ L-u l-ng thit k cho mi my: Q1 my= 0,653 (m3/s)
+ Ct n-c thit k ca trm: HTK = 8 m
+ cao ht n-c cho php : hyc= -1 m
+ Dao ng mc n-c b ht: + 0,726 + 2,2 m
+ Tnh hnh a cht ni xy dng cng trnh l t-ng i tt.
Cn c vo cc thng s trn ta chn nh my bm kiu bung -t my t tng
kh
4.5.2. Cu to chung ton nh my
Nh my bm kiu bung -t my t tng kh -c thit k 3 tng.

49
1. Tng trn mt t ( tng ng c )
Tng ng c l tng c cu to kiu khung nh cng nghip, trong b tr cc
ng c ca my bm , thit b khi ng, t phn phi in, cu trc, gian sa
cha lp rp, l ni trc tip cho cng nhn vn hnh v iu khin thit b.
2. Tng d-i ( tng bm )
Tng bm -c tnh t sn ng c tr xung n cao trnh sn bm. y l ni
t cc my bm , ng y, ng ht, ngoi ra cn c cc thit b c kh thu lc,
my bm n-c k thut, my bm tiu n-c, cu thang ln xung.
3. Bung ht
L phn kt cu ca nh my , -c tnh t cao trnh sn bm tr xung, mi my
bm ly n-c tng bung ring bit.
4.5.3. Cu to chi tit v kch th-c nh my
chn -c cu to v xc nh kch th-c nh my hp l, tr-c ht phi xc

nh kch th-c nh hnh ca my bm 20 pB-60-960 v quy cch b tr nh
my bm kiu bung -t my t tng kh.
Kch th-c nh hnh ca my bm 20 pB-60-960 -c th hin hnh v IV.1
1. Cu to bung ht
+ Bung ht chn kiu bung hnh ch nht
Dv
Dv
= 1,5.Dv
Dv: -ng knh ming vo ca my bm , Dv = 0,6 m
= 1,5.0,6 = 0,9 (m)
+ ngp su ca ming vo my bm d-i mc n-c thp nht b ht l:
h2 = 0,6 0,8 Dv 0,8 1,5 m
h2 = 0,8.0,6 = 0,48 (m)
Vy phi chn h2 = 1,48 (m)
+ Khong cch t ming vo ca my bm n y bung ht tt nht l ( theo s
50
kch th-c nh hnh ca my bm)
h1 = 0,82 m
+ Chiu rng ca bung ht : B1 = 3Dv = 3.0,6 = 1,8 m
+ Chiu di ca bung ht:
L=
K.Q
B1 .h
Q = 6,53 m3/s > 0,5 m3/s chn K = 17

h: chiu cao ca bung -t, h = 1,3 m
L=
17.0,653
= 4,7 m
1,8.1,3
+ Khong cch gia tm ca 2 ng ht lin nhau :

B2 = 3Dv + dp
dp: chiu dy ca tr pin th-ng ly dp = 0,6 0,8 m
Chn dp = 0,6 m
B2 = 3.0,6 + 0,6 = 2,4 m
Zm
51
Hnh IV.1
2. Cu to tng bm
Tng bm nm su d-i t, xung quanh chu p lc t n-c tc dng. Cho nn
t-ng tng bm phi lm bng b tng ct thp mc 200. C chng thm t
B4 B6 . Trt t-ng cao hn mc n-c ln nht b ht l 0,5 m. Sau qut nha
-ng ri mi lp t. Mt trong ca t-ng qut vi chng m, theo s kch
th-c nh hnh ca nh my th htb = 5,226 m < 10 m nn trong tng bm khng
phi xy t-ng ngn m tng bm l mt gian chung.
Chiu dy ca t-ng th-ng, h l-u tng bm -c ly theo chiu cao tng bm
(htb ). Theo gio trnh H-ng dn n mn hc trm bm th htb = ( 4 8) m,
chn chiu dy t-ng l :
Th-ng l-u: t1 = 0,8 m
H l-u : t2 = 1 m
T sn bm xung bung ht lm ca ln xung tin khi sa cha, kim tra.
Ca ln xung thit k dng hnh trn c = 0,8 m . Pha trn lm np y bng
thp bn dy 0,005 m . C l cha sn bt bu lng vi sn bm. Cc bu lng
ny phi -c chn sn t khi thi cng.
3. Cu to tng ng c
Tng ng c nh ln khi mt t cho nn ngoi vic thit k m bo k thut
cn phi m bo v mt m thut.
Tng ng c lp t ng c, cc thit b khi ng, t iu khin, cu trc,
gian sa cha, gian in. Kch th-c tng ng c ph thuc vo kch th-c nh
hnh ca ng c v cc thit b khc v yu cu sa cha qun l vn hnh -c
d dng, nn b tr gn v ngn np.
Sn ng c :
- Sn ng c c bng b tng ct thp mc 200 dy 30 cm. Trn t-ng b
tr ca s, ca ra vo thng gi, thong mt. Cao trnh sn ng c cao hn mt
t bn ngoi l 0,1 m cho n-c khng chy vo sn tng ng c -c.
- Cao trnh sn ng c -c xc nh:
Zsn ng c = Zm + 5,226 = - 0,274 + 5,226 = + 4,952 (m)
Dm ng c
52
Dm ng c -c c lin vi sn. Dm chu cc lc tc dng nh- : Trng
l-ng bn thn, trng l-ng ca ng c , trng l-ng ca sn ng c, trng
l-ng ca ng-i v cc vt trng qu trnh sa cha, chu lc ng c chu k ca
ng c khi ng c lm vic.
Dm -c c bng b tng ct thp mc 200
+ Dm chnh: Nh- phn cu to tng bm thit k , tng bm ch c mt
gian chung, khng c t-ng ngn. Do dm chnh -c ni ln hai t-ng th-ng
v h l-u tng bm.
- Chiu di Ldm bng chiu rng ca nh my
- Chiu cao dm : hdm = 1/10 Ldm
60cm, chn hdm = 0,6 m
- Chiu rng dm: bd 2/3 hd chn bd = 0,4 m

+ Dm ph:
Dm ph ni lin hai dm chnh v c kch th-c mt ct ngang bng dm chnh.
Khong cch gia 2 dm ph v dm chnh ph thuc vo -ng knh ng c
t trc tip ng c ln dm -c.
Theo s b tr ca nh my bm lp my bm 20 pB 60 960 c -ng
knh chn ng c : = 1,285 m, -ng knh ng c: = 1,01 m. Vy khong
cch mp trong ca 2 dm chnh v dm ph cng chnh l 1,01 m .
Mt ct c tr-ng ca dm ph :
hdp = 0,6 m
bdp = 0,4 m
L ko my xung tng bm
Nh my bm kiu bung -t my t tng kh gm c hai tng : Tng ng c
v tng bm.
- Khi cn sa cha my bm th dng cu trc chuyn ng c ra khi b
my. Li dng khong trng t mp trong dm ph v dm chnh lm kch th-c
l ko my bm ln xung. My bm 20 pB 60 960 l ko my bm c kch
th-c l : 1,01x 1,01 (m)
- -a my bm n-c k thut v my bm tiu n-c tng bm ln xung
phi b tr 1 l pha gian sa cha. Kch th-c ca l ph thuc vo kch th-c
ca thit b ln nht cn em xung tng bm.
Thit k kch th-c l -a my bm n-c k thut v my bm tiu n-c tng
bm l hnh ch nht : KT = 0,6x0,8 (m). Trn mt l t l-i st c nh sng
xung tng bm v an ton cho cng nhn vn hnh i li.
Cu thang : ln xung tng bm phi lm cu thang. Cu thang -c b
tr gian sa cha tng bm, men theo t-ng u hi v t-ng th-ng l-u. Cu
53
thang c kch th-c rng 0,8 m , m bo i li khng va u vo dm ph. Cu
thang c hai nhp, dc m = 0,8, kch th-c bc ln xung 0,2x0,2 m . on ni
tip gia hai nhp l 1 chiu ngh, kch th-c chiu ngh l 0,8x0,8 m . Dc theo
cu thang c lan can bo v.
Kch th-c l cu thang -c xc nh nh- sau: Lcth
Lcth = (hng + hat + sn).m
hng: Chiu cao ln nht ca ng-i ln xung, chn hng = 1,8 m
hat : L chiu cao an ton, hat = 0,3 m
: dy sn ng c, sn = 0,3 m
Lcth = (1,8 + 0,3 + 0,3).0,8 = 1,92 (m)
Ly trn s l : Lcth = 1,9 (m)
sn
Ct nh tng ng c :
Ct nh v cng l ct dm cu trc, vt di chuyn v nc nh. Trong thit k
m bo cu -c cc vt c trng l-ng nh hn 5 tn, chn kt cu kiu
khung h. Ct nh c kch th-c c tr-ng nh- hnh v :
380
1
560
1
400
400
mt ct 1-1
150
500
200
400
600
2
600
mt ct 2-2
- Vai ct l ni ta ca dm ch T, trn dm ch T c t -ng ray cu

trc di chuyn. Vai dm c kch th-c 560x500 mm
- Phn trn vai nh- mt ct 1-1 c kch th-c: 380x400 mm
- Phn d-i vai nh- mt ct 2-2 c kch th-c: 400x600 mm
54
Dm cu trc: Dm cu trc chy dc nh my -c lin kt vi cc ct nh
cc vai ct. Nhim v ca dm l -ng ray cu trc di chuyn trn -ng
ray . Mt ct ngang ca dm cu trc l ch T c kch th-c : chiu di cnh
560 mm, chiu dy cnh 150 mm, chiu cao dm 500 mm, chiu dy dm 200
mm.
T-ng v ca s:
- Khong cch gia cc ct vi nhau thit k xy gch ch dy 0,25 m bng
va xi mng ct vng mc 75. Trn t-ng b tr cc ca s thng gi v chiu
sng cho nh my . Ca s phi c din tch ( tnh cho 1 pha) l m bo bng
1/3 1/5 din tch sn ng c . Ca s b tr ng m d dng to nhit tt cho
ng c. thoi mi v d chu cho ng-i cng nhn vn hnh.
- Ca s thit k cao 2 m, rng 1,5 m, mp d-i ca s cch sn ng c 0,8
m . Ca s thit k c sen hoa bng st thanh 12x12 mm, ca s c cnh ng m
bng g. Cnh ca ng kiu chp. Pha na trn ca s b tr khung knh, kch
th-c 0,8x1,5 m ly nh sng.
- Gn st trn b tr cc ca chp to nhit v thng kh tt, kch th-c
ca ca chp 0,4x1,5 m, lm chp bng b tng ct thp c nh. Ring gian
in khng b tr ca ra vo v ca s ch b tr hai ca c kch th-c 1,2x0,8 m
thng gi. Ca phi c l-i st loi nh chn chng chut, rn chui vo lm
chp mch in.
- Kim tra din tch ca ca s b tr xem c m bo din tch ca s
mt pha pha
(1/3 1/5 ) din tch ca sn ng c khng.
- Do b tr ca s cc gian nh my u nh- nhau cho nn ch cn kim tra

cho mt gian l .
Fca s = ( 2.1,5 ) + ( 0,4.1,5 ) = 3,6 m2
Fsn ng c 1 gian = 6,4x2,4 = 15,36 m2
Nh- vy Fca s > 1/5 Fsn ng c 1 gian , m bo iu kin thng thong.
- Ca ra vo chnh ca nh my b tr u hi pha gian sa cha. Ca c
kch th-c ph thuc vo ph-ng tin ra vo nh my. y thit k cho t c
trng ti d-i 5 tn ra vo ch vt t- thit b. Cho nn kch th-c ca ra vo chnh
l :
Chiu rng ca: bc = 3,5 m
55
Chiu cao ca: hc = 4 m
Ca chnh thit k bng st xp khi ng m y vo hai bn.
Nc nh my
Nc nh my phi m bo khng dt, cch nhit tt, thot n-c m-a nhanh.
m bo cc yu cu trn thit k mi nh my nh- sau:
Trnh t t trn xung l :
1) Gch l nem : 0,05 m
2) Giy tm nha -ng v x than : 0,2 m
3) Va xi mng : 0,03 m
4) Panen hp dy : 0,25 m
Tt c -c bng cc x ngang, v mt x dc. X ngang -c ni lin hai ct
i din lm thnh mt khung cng. Mt ct ca x ngang c dng ch nht c
kch th-c 0,4x0,5 m. X ngang -c c bng b tng ct thp mc 200. thot
n-c m-a nhanh, nc nh my -c lm thoi dn t gia ra 2 pha.
B tr gian in v gian sa cha:
Theo tuyn cng trnh chn th pha hi tri ca nh my gn tuyn -ng
giao thng.
Nh- vy thit k gian sa cha bn hi tri, gian in bn hi phi.
Gian sa cha phi rng sa cha -c cc thit b ln nht.
4.5.4. Xc nh kch th-c ca nh my - ng y - b ht - b tho
1. Xc nh kch th-c ca nh my
Chiu cao nh my
+ Chiu cao tng d-i mt t ( tng bm)
Chiu cao tng d-i mt t xc nh theo 2 iu kin :
iu kin 1: Tnh theo iu kin lp t ng c vi my bm v ng ht.
Htb = h1 + hbh+hsb + hb
h1: Chiu dy ca bn y, chn h1 = 0,6 (m)
hbh: Chiu cao bung ht, theo kch th-c nh hnh ca nh my
hbh = 1,3 (m)
hsb: Chiu dy sn bm, chn hsb = 0,6 (m)
hb : Chiu cao t sn bm n sn ng c , hb = 4,326 (m)
Htb = 0,6 + 1,3+ + 4,326 = 6,826 (m)
56
iu kin 2: Tnh theo iu kin chng l cho ng c
Htb = h1 + hbh+ + h2 + Z +
h1: Chiu dy ca bn y, h1 = 0,6 (m)
hbh = 1,3 (m)
h2 : ngp su ca ming ht so vi mc n-c thp b ht ngn nga khng
kh chui vo my bm , h2 = 1 (m)
Z : dao ng mc n-c b ht
Z = Zbhmax Zbhmin = 2,2 0,726 = 1,474 (m)
: cao an ton chng sng trn, chn = 0,5 (m)
Htb= 0,6 + 1,3 + 1 + 1,474 +0,5 = 4,874 (m)
So snh kt qu ca 2 iu kin thy:
Htb > Htb => chn Htb = 6,826 (m) l chiu cao tng bm thit k .
+ Chiu cao tng trn mt t (tng ng c ) Hc
Hc = ht + hat + ltrmax + ld +hct +
ht : Chiu cao phn tnh ca ng c theo kch th-c nh hnh, chn ht = 1,08 (m)
hat : Chiu cao an ton vt di chuyn khng va chm vo vt c nh, hat = 0,5 m
ltrmax : Chiu cao ln nht ca vt ko ln (trc my bm )
ltrmax = 3,22 (m)
ld : Chiu di dy buc (dy mc cu) chn dy mm th ld = 0,6 (m)
hctr : Chiu cao ca cu trc, tnh t mc cu ti nh cu trc, y chn cu trc
ko tay nn chn hctr = 1,8 (m)
: Khong cch an ton t nh cu trc ti mt d-i ca x ngang, chn = 0,2
(m)
Hc = 1,08 + 0,5 + 3,22 + 0,6 + 1,8 + 0,2 = 7,4 (m)
+ Chiu cao ton b nh my
H = Htb + Hc + Hnc
Hnc = 0,05 + 0,2 + 0,03 + 0,25 + 0,6 + 0,52 = 1,65 (m)
Hnc: Chiu cao ln nht ca nc nh tnh t mt d-i x ngang n nh t-ng
chn.
Chiu cao x ngang : 0,6 (m)
Chiu cao t-ng chn : 0,52 (m)
Vy: H = 6,826 + 7,4 + 1,58 = 15,876 (m)
57
Xc nh chiu rng nh my bm
+ Chiu rng tng d-i mt t
Bb = t1+ a1 + Db + t2 +a2
t1,t2: Chiu dy t-ng th-ng h l-u tng bm
t1 = 0,8 (m) ; t2 = 1 (m)
a1, a2: Li i li lp rp, trng coi nh my bm,
chn a1 = 1,5 (m) ; a2 = 1,3 (m)
Db: Kch th-c bn ngoi ca my bm , theo kch th-c mu ca nmb . D b tnh c
hai b , tnh theo cng thc
Db = C + 2
Vi C l khong cch gia 2 b , C = 0,8 (m)
: Chiu rng b , = 0,5 (m)
Db = 0,8 + 1 = 1,8 (m)
Bb = 0,8 + 1,5 + 1,8 + 1 + 1,3 = 6,4 (m)
+ Chiu rng tng ng c : Bc
Bc = 0,1 + t + a3 + Dc + a4 + t + 0,1
0,1 : G mng ca t-ng gch cho lc truyn xung gn trung tm t-ng b
tng tng d-i (m)
t : Chiu dy t-ng gch, t = 0,25 (m)
a3 , a4 : Chiu rng li i li ph thuc vo in p ca ng c in an ton cho
cng nhn i li vn hnh v bo qun.
Uc 380V th ai 1 m .
a3 = 1,2 m
a4 = 1 (m)
Dc : -ng knh ca ng c in, Dc = 1,285 (m)
Bc = 0,1 + 0,25 + 1,2 + 1,285 + 1 + 0,25 + 0,1= 4,2 (m)
Nh- vy so snh chiu rng ca tng bm v chiu rng tng ng c thy Bc < Bb
. Vy ly chiu rng tng bm lm chiu rng thit k nh my :
BNMTK = 6,4 (m)
Xc nh chiu di nh my bm
Chiu di nh my bm ph thuc vo s t my bm lp nh my , cch b tr
gian in, gian sa cha . xc nh -c chiu di ton b nh my , th phi
xc nh chiu di ca 1 gian theo tng tng ri chn chiu di gian thit k.
+ Chiu di 1 gian nh my tnh theo iu kin b tr ng c tng trn
58
L1g = Dc + a5
a5: Khong cch gia hai v ca ng c , ph thuc vo in p ca ng c , a5 =
1 m.
=> L1g = 1,285 + 1 = 2,285 (m)
+ Tnh theo iu kin b tr my bm tng di : L1g
Trm bm Vit Ho tng bm khng c tng ngn nn L1g -c tnh theo cng
thc :
L1g = Db + a6
Db: -ng knh v ngoi my bm , theo kch th-c nh hnh ca my bm th
Db = 1 (m).
a6 : Khong cch 2 v bm. Theo gio trnh Bi tp v H-ng dn n mn hc
trm bm th a6 1 (m) . Chn a6 = 1,2 (m)
=>L1g = 1 + 1,2 = 2,2 (m)
+Tnh theo iu kin bung ht v tr pin : L1g
L1g = Bmbh + dp
Bmbh: Chiu rng ming bung ht, theo tnh ton phn trn Bmbh = 1,8 (m)
dp:Chiu dy tr pin, dp = 0,6 (m)
L1g = 1,8 + 0,6 = 2,4 (m)
So snh: L1g > L1g > L1g . Vy chn L1g = 2,4 (m) lm chiu di mt gian thit
k.
+ Chiu di ton b nh my
LNM = n. LTK
1 g + Lsc + 2.( Tct/2 + 0,1) + L
n:S my bm ca nh my k c my d tr, n= 7 my.
TK
LTK
1 g : Chiu di mt gian thit k, L1 g = 2,4 (m)
Lsc , L : Chiu di gian sa cha v chiu di gian in, ly bng chiu di thit k
cho d thi cng.
Tct: Chiu rng ca ct, Tct = 0,4 (m)
LNM = 7.2,4 + 2,4 + 2.( 0,4/2 + 0,1) + 2,4 = 22,4 (m)
4.6. Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ni tip vi nh my
4.6.1. ng y
ng y l on ni tip t nh my bm ti b tho. Chiu di ca ng y ph

59
thuc vo khong cch t nh my ti b tho.
- -ng knh kinh t ca ng y -c xc nh bng cng thc kinh nghim
sau:
DKT =
4.Qbq
n. .VKT
n: S ng y lm vic (khng k my d tr), n = 6.

VKT: Tc kinh t chy trong ng y, theo kinh nghim th-ng ly V KT = 1,5
(m/s).
Qbq: L-u l-ng bnh qun ca trm tnh theo cng thc:
Qbq =
DKT =
Qi3 .t i
ti
3492,32
= 3,85 (m3/s)
61
4.3,85
= 0,74 (m)
6.3,14.1,5
1. ng chuyn tip
V -ng knh ng y ln hn -ng knh ming ra ca my bm . Do phi
lp mt on ng chuyn tip. Chiu di on ng chuyn tip (L ct) -c tnh theo
cng thc:
Lct = 3,5 7(DKT D1)
D1: -ng knh ming ra ca my bm , theo kch th-c nh hnh ca my bm
D1 = 0,61 (m)
Chn Lct = 4. (DKT D1) = 4.( 0,74 0,61 ) = 0,52 (m)
1- B ht
B ht c nhim v ni tip gia knh dn vi ming ng ht.
B ht c hai phn l : phn m rng ca knh dn v cng trnh ly n-c.
a) Cng trnh ly n-c c nhim v phn phi n-c cho cc my bm v ngn
cn rc bn chui vo my bm . Trn bnh cng trnh ly n-c c dng hnh ch
nht. C chiu di ph thuc vo s my bm , cch b tr ng ht v chiu dy tr
pin. Chiu di ny nh h-ng rt ln n dng chy phn m rng. -c xc
nh bng cng thc:
Bct = n. LTK
1 g = 7.2,4 = 16,8 (m)
60
Khi t s
Bct
= 6,2 th s hnh thnh khu n-c qun d-i y v cc xoy trn mt.
bk
Nu gim
Bct
4 th cc hin t-ng trn s mt.
bk
Ta c
Bct
16,8
=
= 4,0975 xp x bng 4 m bo khng c cc hin t-ng xoy
4,1
bk
trn mt v n-c qun d-i y.

- Chiu rng ca cng trnh ly n-c chnh l chiu di ca tr pin, n ph
thuc vo cc thit b nh- : khe ca van, t-ng ngc, khe l-i chn rc, khe phai v
cu cng tc trn nh tr pin. Chiu cao tr pin ly bng cao trnh b knh dn l
cao trnh + 2,6 (m) i li d dng.
- Chn khe phai gm hai khe v mt khe van: Chiu rng 0,2 (m), chiu su
0,15 (m).
- Chn khe th l-i chn rc : Rng 0,2 (m), su 0,15 (m), nghing 60 o v
pha nh my vt rc d dng.
- Chn chiu di tr pin l: Ltrp = 5,2 (m).
b) Phn m rng
Phn m rng c nhim v ni tip gia knh dn v b ht, chiu di ca on
m rng ph thuc vo gc m . Nu ln th chiu di on m rng ngn,
do tc dng chy gim t ngt sinh ra dng xoy cun trong b. Nu
nh th chiu di on m rng tng ln, dn n vn tc dng chy gim lm cho
bn ct lng ng tr-c b htlm nh h-ng ti vic ly n-c ca trm v lm
ta-ng chi ph qun l hng nm ca trm bm . Do vic chn lm sao cho ta
kt qu l tt nht. Theo kinh nghim th gc m -c chn da vo vn tc dng
chy trong knh:
- Khi Vk = 0,5 0,7 (m/s) th = 40o 45o
- Khi Vk = 0,7 1 (m/s) th = 30o 40o
Vy ng vi Vkmax = 0,628 (m/s) ta chn = 45o.
Do c s chnh lch gia cao trnh y knh v cao trnh cng trnh ly n-c do
ta lm mt on dc ni tip y phn m rng, dc nn ly id = 0,2
0,25 . Chn id = 0,25.
Chiu di ca on dc Ld -c xc nh theo cng thc :
Ld =
Z dk
Z dct
id
61
Zk: Cao trnh y knh dn theo kt qu tnh ton tr-c, Zk = - 0,534 (m).
Zct : Cao trnh y cng trnh ly n-c bng cao trnh y bung ht,
Zct = Zm h2 = - 0,274 1,3 = - 1,574 (m)
0,534 ( 1,574 )
= 4,16 (m)
0,25
Vy Ld =
y on dc -c lm bng b tng ct thp mc 200, dy 40 cm -c c l

thot n-c -ng knh d = 5 cm.
m bo dng chy -c n nh tr-c khi vo nh my , mi v y ca
phn m rng -c lt bng cc tm b tng ct thp c sn c kch th-c
80x80x8 cm.
Trn bnh phn m rng l 1 hnh thang, y nh bng chiu rng y knh
dn, y ln bng chiu di cng trnh ly n-c.
Chiu di on m rng -c xc nh theo cng thc:
Lmr =
Bct
Bk
2
. cot g
Bct: Chiu di ca cng trnh ly n-c, theo kt qu tnh ton phn trn ta c
Bct = n. L1g dp + 0,4
L1g : Chiu di thit k ca 1 gian, L1g = 2,4 (m)
n: Tng s my bm (k c my d tr), n = 7.
dp : Chiu dy tr pin, dp = 0,6(m).
0,4 : L phn tng thm khi b tr khe ln do tr pin c khe ln i qua c chiu dy
tng thm l 0,4 m .
Bct = 7. 2,4 0,6 + 0,4 = 16,6 (m)
Bk : Chiu rng knh dn, theo kt qu thit k knh dn ta -c: Bk = 4,1 (m)
: Gc m rng, = 45o.
16,6 4,1
45 0
Lmr =
= 15 (m)
. cot g
2
2
4.6.2. Thit k b tho
1. Nhim v ca b tho
- B tho l cng trnh quan trng ca trm bm. trm bm Vit Ho b
tho -c thit k ni tip vi ng y v knh t-i, v m bo cao trnh mc
n-c khng ch u knh t-i ca h thng.
62
- Khi my bm ngng lm vic phi ngn -c n-c t b tho chy v b
ht.
m bo -c nhng nhim v trn ca b tho, khi thit k b tho cn m
bo cc yu cu sau:
+ Kt cu b tho phi bn vng v n nh
+ Kch th-c v hnh dng ca b tho phi m bo cho dng chy thun li v
mt thu lc v hp l v mt kinh t.
+ To iu kin cho cng tc qun l, thi cng , sa cha.
2. Chn v tr b tho
C hai hnh thc b tr b tho :
- B tr b tho lin nh my
- B tr b tho xa nh my
Tu theo iu kin c th ca loi nh my bm thit k m ta chn hnh thc
b tr b tho cho ph hp.
B tr b tho lin nh my
B tr b tho lin nh my khi cao trnh nh t-ng b tho thp hn cao trnh
mp d-i ca ca s.
+ u im:
- Li dng t-ng h l-u nh my lm t-ng ca b tho.
- -ng ng y ngn.
- ng y b tr trong t-ng h l-u ca nh my nn gim hin t-ng nt gy
-ng ng.
+ Nh-c im:
- Ch s dng vi nh my ct n-c thp, dng my bm trc ng, giao ng
mc n-c ca ngun n-c thp hn ming ra ng y t-ng nh my bm.
- Khi thit k phi c bit ch tnh ton nn mng m bo chng ln u
v n nh.
- Phi c khp ni chng ln v chng thm ch tip gip gia b tho vi
t-ng nh my.
B tr b tho xa nh my:
+u im :
63
- Khi cao trnh nh t-ng b tho ln hn sn lm vic t-ng i cao ( cao
hn mp d-i ca ca s) ta phi b tr b tho xa nh my => khng lm thay i
kch th-c nh my.
- Trnh kt cu ca b tho nm trn t m-n gy nt gy.
+ Nh-c im :
- Phi xy t-ng b tho.
- ng y di hn, nn tn vt liu lm -ng ng.
- B tho thit k xa nh my nn xy ra hin t-ng ln khng u gy ny
gy -ng ng.
- Phi c bin php bo v chng r r v chng xm thc do n-c m-a. B tr
b b no nhm gim lc dc trc -ng ng.
Ta thy i vi trm bm Vit Ho cao trnh nh b tho cao hn mp d-i ca
s, v vy to s thng thong v khng lm thay i n kch th-c ca nh
my ta chn ph-ng n t b tho xa nh my.
B tr b tho cch nh my l = 15 m.
DKT = 0,74 (m) nm trong khong 0,7 1,2 m theo gio trnh My bm v trm
bm tp 2 chn np ng y hnh cnh b-m c bn l lch tm ming ra.
3. Tnh ton thu lc b tho
Xc nh -ng knh ming ra ca ng y
gim tc n-c ra khi ng y, -ng knh ming ra ly theo cng thc sau:
Dra = (1,1 1,2).DKT . Chn Dra = 1,2 DKT = 1,2 .0,74 = 0,89 (m)
Xc nh vn tc dng chy ming ra ca ng y: Vra
Vn tc dng chy ming ra ca ng y -c xc nh theo cng thc:
Vra =
4.Q
.Dra2
TK
Q: L-u l-ng tnh ton ng y khi mc n-c b tho l nh nht. Vi H min
= 7,84
(m)
Tra vo -ng c tnh Q~H ng vi gc = 17o -c Q = 0,67 (m3/s)
Vra =
4.0,67
= 0,96 (m/s)
3,14.0,89 2
64
ngp nh nht ca mp trn ming ra ca ng y hngmin m bo dng
chy ra ngp lng -c xc nh theo cng thc:
Vra2
hngmin = (3 4).
2g
0,1 (m)
Vra: Vn tc dng chy ming ra ca ng y, theo tnh ton phn trn Vra =
0,96 (m/s).
g: Gia tc trng tr-ng, g = 9,81 (m/s2)
Vy ly : hngmin = 4 .
0,96 2
2.9,81
= 0,2 (m)
Chiu su nh nht trong ging tiu nng ca b tho: Hgtmin

Chiu su nh nht trong ging tiu nng ca b tho -c xc nh theo cng
thc :
Hgtmin = P + Dra + hngmin
P: Khong cch t mp d-i ming ra ca ng y n y b, chn P = 0,5 (m)
Cc thng s cn li nh- gii thch trn.
Vy Hgtmin = 0,5 + 0,89 + 0,2 = 1,6 (m)
Chiu cao ca thm tiu nng: ht
Chiu cao ca thm tiu nng -c xc nh theo cng thc:
ht = Hgtmin - hkmin
hkmin : Chiu su nh nht trong knh, hkmin ng vi l-u l-ng nh nht yu cu l:
yc
Qmin
= 3,23 (m3/s) c hkmin = 1,133 (m)
ht = 1,6 1,133 = 0,5 (m)
Chiu su ln nht ca ging tiu nng (Hgimax) tnh theo cng thc:
Hgimax = ht + hkmax
hkmax : Mc n-c ln nht trong knh ng vi l-u l-ng
Qmax = QTK = 3,23 (m3/s) c hkmax = 1,26 (m)
Hgimax = 0,5 + 1,26 = 1,8(m)
ngp ln nht ca mp trn ming ra ca ng y ( h ngmax ) tnh theo
cng thc:
hngmax = Hgimax Dra P = 1,8 0,89 0,5 = 0,4 (m)
Chiu cao d tr t mc n-c ln nht trong b tho n mp trn t-ng b tho
(Hb)
65
Hb = Hgimax + a
Chn cao an ton a = 0,4 (m)
Hb = 1,8 + 0,4 = 2,2 (m)
chiu di ca b tiu nng (Lgi) tnh theo cng thc kinh nghim:
Lgi = K.hngmax
K : H s ph thuc vo hnh dng thm ra khi ging tiu nng, hnh dng tit
din ming ra ca ng y, hnh dng v chiu cao ca thm. K = f(k.Dra)
K.Dra =
ht
= 0,5 = 0,56 (m)
Dra 0,89
Theo bng (XI 1) gio trnh trm bm tp 2 trang 136 tra -c :

K = 6,5
Vy Lgi = 6,5. 0,4 = 2,7 (m)
Chiu di on knh dn cn bo v: Lbv
Theo kinh nghim : Lbv = (4 5). hkmax
Chn Lbv = 5.hkmax = 5. 1,26 = 6,3 (m)
Khong cch gia cc tm ming ng: B
B = Dra + 2b + dp
b: Khong cch t mp ng n tr pin, theo kinh nghim chn b = 0,5 (m)
dp : Chiu dy tr pin, dp = 0,6 (m)
Vy B = 0,89 + 2.0,5 + 0,6 = 2,5 (m)
Chiu rng ton b pha trong b tho -c xc nh theo cng thc:
Bb = ( n 1)B + Dra + 2b + 0,4
n: S ng y, n = 7.
0,4 : Chiu dy tng thm ca tr pin c khe ln i qua
b: Khong cch t mp ng n tr pin, b = 0,5 (m)
Cc i l-ng cn li xc nh trn.
Bb = (7-1).2,5 + 0,89 + 2.0,5 + 0,4 = 17,3 (m)
Chiu di on thu hp
m bo dng chy -c vo knh thun dng cn lm on chuyn tip thu
hp gia b tho v knh. Chiu di on thu hp -c tnh ton nh- sau:
Lth =
Bb
bk
2
. cot g
2
66
bk : Chiu rng y knh tho, bk = 4,1 (m)
: Gc thu hp, th-ng ly = 40o
450 , chn
= 450
17 ,3 4,1
45 0
Vy : Lth =
= 16 (m)
. cot g
2
2
y ca on thu hp -c b tng ct thp mc 200, dy 40 cm, kch th-c
mi khoang (3x5)m, y -c lt lp b tng lt dy 10 cm.
L thng kh
Khi dng np ng y trnh hin t-ng to thnh chn khng trong ng y
lc my bm ngng hot ng, cn t ng thng kh tr-c np ng y, xuyn
qua t-ng b tho -a khng kh vo. -ng knh l thng kh -c xc nh
theo cng thc kinh nghim sau:
DTK = ( 1/5 1/6 ) D
DTK: -ng knh l thng kh
D: -ng knh ng y bng -ng knh kinh t, D = 0,74 (m)
Vy DTK = (1/51/6).0,74 = 0,148 0,123 (m)
Chn DTK = 0,14 (m). nh l thng kh t nh cao hn mt t-ng b tho 1
khong 10 cm v c l-i che khi rc r-i ri vo lm tc ng.
4.7. Tnh ton, thit k s b cc h thng thit b ph trong nh my
4.7.1. H thng tiu n-c trong nh my
1. Nhim v
Nh my bm trong tr-ng hp thit k l nh my bm kiu bung -t my t
tng kh, tng bm c cao trnh sn bm l : Zsb = Zm + 0,6
Zsb = - 0,274 + 0,6 = + 0,326 (m). So snh cao trnh sn bm Zsb = + 0,326
(m) vi cao trnh mc n-c b ht nh nht Zbhmin = + 0,726 (m) nhn thy sn
bm thp hn mc n-c b ht nh nht nn c th c hin t-ng n-c ngm thm
qua t-ng nh my vo sn bm. Ngoi ra cn c th c hin t-ng n-c thm qua
khe ln, n-c r r t cc vng m v khp ni ng y ca my bm nn gy -t
sn bm, gy kh khn cho qun l vn hnh. Do cn c thit b tiu n-c
sn bm -c kh ro v bm n-c t bung ht khi cn sa cha my bm chnh.
2. Tiu n-c thm
67
Sn bm phi c dc i = 0,002 v pha rnh st t-ng h l-u -a n-c
thm v b tp trung. B tp trung n-c tiu b tr gian sa cha my. dng my
bm tiu -a n-c ra ngoi.
a) Vic xc nh l-u l-ng thm rt kh khn v khng chnh xc. Do phi
da vo kinh nghim qun l chn l-u l-ng tiu. i vi trm bm loi va th
chn l-u l-ng tiu Qt1 = 10 18 m3/h, chn l-u l-ng tiu ca trm bm Vit
Ho l Qt1 = 10 m3/h.
b) gim bt ct n-c ca my bm tiu, my bm tiu s x n-c ra b ht.
Nh- vy ct n-c ca my bm tiu phi m bo khi mc n-c b ht l ln
nht. Tnh theo cng thc :
Ht = hdh + hms (m)
hdh = Zbhmax - Zbttrmin
Zbhmax = + 2,2 (m) l cao trnh mc n-c ln nht b ht.
Zbttrmin : Cao trnh mc n-c thp nht b tp trung n-c tiu.
Zbttrmin = Zy -ng hm = - 1,574 (m)
hdh = + 2,2 (- 1,574) = 3,774 (m)
hms: Ct n-c tn tht v ma st trong -ng ng ca my bm tiu. Chn hms = 1,5
(m), thay vo cng thc:
Ht = 3,774 + 1,5 = 5,274 (m)
3. Tiu n-c bung ht
Khi sa cha my bm chnh hoc sa cha bung ht th phi bm cn n-c
trong bung ht ri mi m np y ming l xung bung ht sa cha.
a) L-u l-ng ca my bm tiu n-c bung ht bng l-u l-ng bm cn n-c
cha trong bung ht v trong my bm khi mc n-c b ht l ln nht, c k
n l-ng n-c r r qua cc khe h ca ca van. Thi gian bm cn th-ng t 6
8 gi. Chn thi gian bm cn l 6 gi. Th l-u l-ng ca my bm tiu n-c
bung ht -c xc nh nh- sau:
Qt2 =
W
t
q (m3/h)
W: Th tch n-c cha trong ng ht v trong my bm khi mc n-c b ht l

ln nht
t : Thi gian bm cn , t = 6 gi
q: L-u l-ng n-c r r qua cc khe h ca phai v ca ra ng y.
68
q = 3,6.q1. l (m3/h)
q1: L-u l-ng r r qua 1m di khe h trong 1 giy, th-ng ly q1 = 0,5 1 (l/sm),
chn q1 = 0,6 (l/sm)
l = lph + l
lph: Chiu di ca khe h ca phai -c xc nh
lph = 2.(3,774 + 1,8) 1,8 = 9,35 (m)
l: Chiu di khe h ng y
l = . Dra = 3,14 . 0,89 = 2,795 (m)
l = 9,35 + 2,795 = 12,15 (m)
q = 3,6.0,6.12,15 = 26,24 (m3/h)
Tnh W:
W = W1 + W2 + W3
W1: Th tch n-c trong bung ht.
W1= 1,3.1,8.4,7 + 5,2.1,8.3,77 = 13,06 + 17,66 = 30,72 (m3)
W2 : Th tch n-c trong ng ht thn bm on thng ng ;
0,6 2.3,14
W2 =
.1,66 = 0, 475 (m3)
4
W3 : th tch n-c 1 phn ng y on nm ngang khi mc n-c b ht ln nht
th on nm ngang c cha mt lp n-c c su : h = 0,37 ( m )
3,14.0,37 2
h2
W3 =
.Lod =
.3
4
4
Vy Qt2 =
0,32 (m3)
46,3 0,475 0,32

26,24 34,1 (m3/h)
6
So snh Qt1 v Qt2 thy Qt1 < Qt2 . chn Qt2 = 46,3 (m3/h) chn my bm tiu
Tnh dung tch b tp trung : Th tch b tp trung n-c tiu ly bng
1020 ln l-u l-ng tiu trong 1 pht :
1 phut
t
Qt1gio
60
34,1
60
0,57 ( m3/pht)
Vy th tch b tp trung n-c tiu:

Vt = 15.0,53 =12 (m3)
Khi ta chn kch th-c b tp trung l:
69
Chiu di b : Lb = 4 (m)
Chiu rng b: bb = 1,6 (m)
Chiu cao mc n-c trong b : hb = 1,5 (m)
Cao trnh y b tp trung n-c thp hn cao trnh y -ng hm 0,3 (m) nn cao
trnh b tp trung n-c l :
Zb = Zbh 0,3 = - 1,574 0,3 = - 1,87 (m)
Cao trnh nh b tp trung Znh b tnh theo cng thc:
Znh b = hb + a + Zb
a: Chiu cao an ton tnh t mc n-c ln nht n nh b, ly a = 0,1 (m)
Znh b = 1,5 + 0,1 + (- 1,87) = - 0,27 (m)
Trn mt sn tng bm cng b tr 1 rnh dn n-c st t-ng chy dc nh my
pha trn -ng hm v c cc l cho n-c chy xung -ng hm.
4. B tr kt cu v chn kch th-c
+ B tr hnh lang tiu n-c bm, dc -ng hm i = 1.10-3.
My bm tiu -c lp trn sn bm cao trnh bng cao trnh sn tng bm Z sb =
+ 0,326 (m), ng ht ca my bm tiu chui qua sn bm nh mt on ng ni
-c chn cht sn bm c bt bu lng hai u. ng y chui qua t-ng
th-ng l-u tiu n-c ra b ht.
5. Chn my bm tiu
Cn c vo Qt = 34,1 (m3/h), Ht = 5,3 (m) tra s tra cu my bm v thit b chn
loi my bm ly tm LT46- 7 ca nh my ch to bm Hi D-ng. Cc thng s
k thut ca my bm LT46-7 -c th hin bng sau:
Loi my Q (m3/h)
H(m)
n(v/ph)
Nc (Kw)
Dh
Dx
bm
(mm) (mm)
LT46- 7
26 - 50
11,5 - 4
2900
3- 4HP
50
50
4.7.2. H thng bm n-c k thut
1. Nhim v
H thng bm n-c k thut c nhim v -a n-c sch co p n lm trn cc
trc bng cao su c thn bm v trc pha trn cnh qut, lm mt cc bi
ca ng c qua mt h thng -ng ng bao quanh, lm mt du bi trn trc
ng c, ngoi ra h thng bm n-c k thut cn cung cp n-c sinh hot cho
70
trm bm . V vy yu cu n-c phi c cht l-ng sch, c p lc ti trc cao
hn p lc n-c trong my bm ngn nga cc ht bn ct lt vo trc.
2. Xc nh l-u l-ng ct n-c my bm n-c k thut
a) Xc nh l-u l-ng bm n-c k thut : QKT
-c xc nh theo cng thc: QKT = n.Qt my + Qsh
Qt my : L-u l-ng cn lm mt v bi trn mt t my do nh my ch to bm
cung cp, Qt m = 34 (m3/h), chn Qt my = 4 (m3/h)
Qsh: L-ng n-c dng v sinh nh trm, thit b cho cng nhn vin vn hnh
ra tay chn. Vi s my trm bm l 7 my ( k c my d tr) d tnh s cng
nhn vin vn hnh cho trm bm l 10 ng-i, tiu chun dng n-c ca mi
ng-i t 150 200 (l/ngy) s b ly mi ng-i tiu th 200 (l/ngy) = 0,2
(m3/ngy)
Qsh = 10.0,2 = 2 (m3/ngy) = 0,08 (m3/h)
QKT = 7.4 + 0,08 = 28,08 (m3/h)
b) Xc nh ct n-c ca my bm n-c k thut: HKT
Ct n-c ca my bm n-c k thut -c tnh trong hai tr-ng hp:
- Lm trn trc cao su ca my bm
- Lm mt bi ca ng c
Tr-ng hp lm trn trc bm
Ct n-c bm -c xc nh nh- sau:
H1 = hh1 + Hb + hms + h
+ hms: Tng tn tht ct n-c trn -ng ng t my bm n-c k thut n my
bm chnh xa nht, theo kinh nghim t ( 34)m. Chn hms = 4 (m )
h : Ct n-c d tr cho ct n-c ca my bm n-c k thut ln hn ct n-c
p sut my bm chnh c thn bm, theo kinh nghim th h t 3 5 (m),
chn h = 5 (m)
+hh1: Khong cch t c thn bm n mc n-c b sch
hh1 = Zcb - Zbhkt
Trm bm Vit Ho l trm bm t-i, nn ly n-c t b ht ca my bm n-c
k thut, c gi tr bng cao trnh mc n-c nh nht b ht tr i ct n-c tn
tht qua cc ng dn, kho ng m v l-i chn rc l ( hms3 )
71
Zbhkt = Zbhmin hms3
Zbhmin : Cao trnh mc n-c nh nht b ht ca trm bm Vit Ho l: + 0,726
(m)
hms3 chn 2 (m)
Zbhkt = 0,726 2 = - 1,274 (m)
Zcb : Cao trnh c bm chnh , Zcb = + 2,05 (m)
hh1 = 2,05 (- 1,274) = 3,324 (m)
+ Hb : Ct n-c p lc ca n-c chy trong my bm chnh ti c thn bm (m).
Xc nh Hb bng cch vit ph-ng trnh Becnuli ti 2 mt ct 1-1 v 2-2. Mt ct
1-1 ct qua c thn bm, mt ct 2-2 ct qua mt thong cao nht ca b tho v
ly mt chun l mc n-c bin.
C : Zcb +
Vcb2
2g
Pcb
Z bh max
Pa
Vra2
2g
hmscb
bt
T ph-ng trnh trn rt ra:

Hb =
Pcb
Pa
Z bt max
Z cb
Vra2
Vcb2
2g
hmscb
bt
Zbtmax: Cao trnh mc n-c ln nht b tho, Zbtmax = + 7,61 (m)

Zcb: Cao trnh c than bm: + 2,05 (m)
Pcb: p lc tuyt i ca n-c ti c thn bm.
Pa : p lc kh tri trn mt n-c thong ca b tho.
Vcb , Vra : Tc dng chy trong my bm ti c thn bm v ti ca ra ca ng
y (m/s)
hmscb-bt: Tn tht v ma st t c thn bm ti b tho, chn hmscb-bt = 1 (m)
- Tnh Vcb theo cng thc :
Vcb =
Q
Wcb
(m/s)
Q: L-u l-ng ca my bm ng vi HmaxKT = 8,184 (m), tra trn -ng c tnh

ca my bm 20 pB 60 960 gc
= 170 -c Q = 0,64 (m3/s)
Wcb: Din tch c bm, Wcb = .R2. My bm 20 pB 60 960 c Dcb = D1 =

0,61 (m)
R = 0,305 (m)
72
Vcb =
0,64
3,14.0,305 2
2,2 (m/s)
- Tnh Vra theo cng thc : Vra =
Q
Wra
Q: L-u l-ng ca ra ng vi HmaxKT = 8,184 (m), tra trn -ng c tnh ca

my bm 20 pB 60 960 gc = 170 -c Q = 0,64 (m3/s).
Wra : Din tch ti ca ra , Wra = .R2
Dra = 0,89 (m) => R = 0,45 (m)
=> Vra =
0,64
3,14.0,45 2
Vy Hb = 7,61 2,05 +
(m/s)
12 2,2 2
2.9,81
1 6,4
(m)
H1 = 3,324 + 6,4 +4 + 5 = 18,724 (m)

Tr-ng hp lm mt du bi trn cc bi ca ng c chnh
Xc nh theo cng thc :
H2 = hh2 + h + hms
h, hms: Nh- phn tr-c.
hh2: Khong chc t bi cao nht n mc n-c b ht bm k thut. Tnh theo
cng thc :
hh2 = Zbcn - Zbhkt
Zbcn: Cao trnh bi cao nht ca ng c chnh, Zbcn = + 6,8 (m)
Zbhlt : Cao trnh mc n-c b ht ca my bm n-c k thut nh- xc nh
tr-ng hp trn
Zbhkt = - 1,274 (m)
hh2 = 6,8 (- 1,274) = 8,1 (m)
H2 = 8,1 + 5 + 4 = 17,1 (m)
So snh H1 v H2 thy H1 > H2 . Vy HKT = H1 = 18,724 (m)
c) Chn my bm n-c k thut
Chn 3 my bm n-c k thut trong c mt my d tr. L-u l-ng ca mt
my bm n-c k thut tnh theo cng thc :
Q1my =
Q KT
n
QKT = 28,08 (m3/h)

73
n: S my bm n-c k thut khng k my d tr : n = 2
Q1my =
28,08
14,04 (m3/h)
2
Tra s tra cu my bm ca nh my bm Hi D-ng chn -c loi my bm ly

tm 1 cp trc ngang, c cc thng s k thut nh- sau:
Loi my bm
Q (m3/h)
H(m)
n(v/ph)
Nc (Kw)
Dh
(mm)
Dx
(mm)
LT20- 18
13 -25
14 - 20
2900
2,2
50
32
d) Th tch ca b cha n-c k thut

Th tch ca b cha n-c sch
Th tch ca b cha n-c sch ly bng 20 ln l-u l-ng n-c k thut trong 1
pht:
QKT = 28,08 m3/h/60 = 0,468 m3/ph
Vy th tch ca b n-c sch l : 20.0,468 = 9,36 (m3)
Th tch ca b n-c ch-a lc
Th tch ca b n-c ch-a lc ly bng 2 ln th tch ca b n-c sch : 2x 9,36 =
18,72 (m3)
Th tch ca b lc l:
Vbl = Vb n-c sch + Vb n-c ch-a lc
Vbl = 9,36 + 18,72 = 28,1 (m3)
B tp trung n-c k thut b tr bung trng trong khi mng pha d-i ca
gian in c kch th-c l :(5,5x3,2x2) = 35,2 (m3)
Vy th tch b lc b tr ln hn th tch b theo yu cu, m bo l-u l-ng bm
n-c k thut
10
Qsh
S : H thng n-c k thut dng b lc
74
1- ng ht n-c t b ht vo; 2- Van ng m; 3- L-i chn rc;4 B cha

n-c lc; 5-Tng lc; 6-B cha n-c sch; 7-ng ht ca my bm n-c
k thut; 8-My bm k thut; 9-ng y ca my bm n-c k thut; 10ng y n-c sinh hot; 11-ng thu hi n-c sau khi lm ngui du bi
trn cc bi ca ng c v b n-c sch.
4.7.3. H thng cha chy
Trong nh my bm, phng chy xy ra v khi chy phi c cc dng c

dp tt. Cc dng c gm c: My bm cha chy, bnh ho cht, xng, cu lim,
bao ti, ct
L-u l-ng my bm cha chy th-ng ly 10 l/s, ct n-c to ra phi cao hn
nc nh mt khong 15 (m)
75
S b ly ct n-c bm cha chy : Hbc = HNM + 15 (m) , vi HNM l chiu cao nh
my HNM = 15,806 (m)
Hbc = 15,806 + 15 = 30,806 (m)
C Qbc = 10 (l/s); Hbc = 30,806 (m) tra s tra cu my bm loi my bm ly tm
LT45-31 do nh my bm Hi D-ng ch to:
Loi my bm Q (m3/h)
H(m)
n(v/ph)
Nc (Kw) Dh (mm)
Dx
(mm)
LT45- 31
35 - 23
2900
7,5
50
30 - 60
80
S l-ng my bao gm 1 my chnh v mt my ph. Hm n-c d tr b tr

bn cnh b tp trung n-c d-i gian sa cha. Hm thng vi b ht qua ng v
van 200. ng 100 dn n-c n hai vi phun n-c cu ho bn ngoi nh my.
- Mt vi t ra -ng vo gian sa cha cu ho cho nh qun l.
- Mt vi t u hi phun n-c cu ho cho trm bin p v gian in.
My bm -c b tr sn bm d-i gian sa cha.
nng cao h s s dng ca my bm cha chy, ta b tr my bm cha chy
kim thm nhim v -a n-c bn t b ht ln b n-c bn ca b lc n-c trong
h thng n-c k thut khi trn b tho ch-a c n-c.
4.7.4. H thng thng gi trong nh my
Khi ng c lm vic, nhit cu ng c to ra lm tng nhit trong nh

my, c khi ln ti 500C, do vy hiu sut ca ng c gimi r rt, kt qu quan
trc s gim hiu sut ca ng c do nh h-ng ca ng c do nh h-ng ca
nhit nh- bng sau:
Nhit xung quanh ng c
35
40
45
50
Hiu sut ng c gim i (%)

0
5
12,5
25
1. Tnh l-ng khng kh cn phi thng gi trong mt gi :W

-c tnh theo cng thc : W =
Qth
C (t1 t 2 )
(m3/h)
k
76
C : T nhit ca khng kh, C = 0,24 Kcal/kg cho 1oC
t1: Nhit cho php ln nht ca khng kh trong bung, t1 = 350 C
t2: Nhit khng kh bn ngoi -a vo, t2 = 30o C
k : Trng l-ng ring ca khng kh -a vo nh my , xc nh theo cng thc:
k =
1,293
t2
1
273
1,293
30
1
273
1,17 (kg/m3)
Qth : L-ng nhit tha to ra trong 1 gi ca 1 gian nh my -c tnh theo cng

thc:
Qth =Qt - Qtt (Kcal/h)
Qt : Tng l-ng nhit to ra trong 1 gian nh my gm nhit to ra t ng c ,
ca dy dn in, t-ng nh my ( pha c mt tri)
Qtt : Tng l-ng nhit tn tht xung quanh nh my ch yu thng qua t-ng,
qua ca s ( pha c mt tri)
a) Tnh tng l-ng nhit to ra trong 1 gian nh my
Tng l-ng nhit to ra trong 1 gian nh my tnh theo cng thc:
Qt = Qc + Qdd + Qt-ng
Tnh l-ng do ng c to ra cn lm mt Qc , tnh theo cng thc :
Qc = 860.NH.
dc
. .n (Kcal/h)
dc
NH: Cng sut nh mc ca ng c , NH = 75 Kw

: Hiu sut ca ng c , c = 0,906
n : S my bm chnh trong 1 gian nh my , n = 1
c
Nlvmax
: H s ph ti ca ng c , =
NH
64,17
75
0,86
Nlvmax: Cng sut lm vic ln nht ng vi tn sut thit k, N lvmax = 64,17 Kw

Qc = 860.75.
1 0,906
.1.0,86
0,906
5755 ,17 (Kcal/h)
Tnh nhit l-ng do dy dn to ra : Qdd

Qdd = 2160.i2
i: C-ng trung bnh ca dng in qua 1 mm 2 tit din dy dn -c tnh theo
cng thc :
77
i=
I lv
S
(A/mm2)
Ilv: C-ng dy dn lm vic ca ng c , tnh theo cng thc sau:

Ilv =
N dcmax
3 .U dc . dc . cos
Ncmax : Cng sut ca ng c ng vi ct n-c kim tra ln nht ( H KTmax), theo

tnh ton phn tr-c th Ncmax = 64,17 Kw
Uc : in p ca ng c , Uc = 380 V
: Hiu sut ng c , c = 0,906
Cos : H s cng sut, cos = 0,88
c
Ilv =
64,17
3.0,38.0,906.0,88
64,17
0,53
121,1( A)
S : Tit din dy dn (mm2), tra bng tm -c tit din ca dy dn S = 50 mm2

=> i =
121,1
50
2,42( A / mm 2 )
Khi ta c: Qdd = 2160.2,422 = 12649,8 (Kcal/h)

Tnh tng l-ng nhit to ra t mi tr-ng xung quanh:
Do t-ng gch ca s pha c mt tri b chiu nng ln. Nn ly nhit ca
t-ng cao hn nhit khng kh v bc x mt tri l 100C.
L-ng nhit to ra tnh theo cng thc :
Qt = K . F. (ttg ttr)
K: H s truyn nhit qua t-ng ca 10C, tnh ra Kcal/m2 trong 1 gi ly h s K
i vi t-ng gch dy 0,25 m th K = 1,38 Kcal/m2.
F: Din tch t-ng ca 1 gian my pha b mt tri chiu nng.
F = LTK1g. Hc Fca s
Hc: Chiu cao tng ng c , Hc = 7,4 (m)
LTK1g: Chiu di 1 gian thit k, LTK1g = 2,4 (m)
Fca s = (2x1,5) + (0,4x1,5) = 3,6 (m2)
F = 7,4. 2,4 3,6 = 14,16 (m2)
ttg: Nhit mt t-ng, ttg = 400C
ttr: Nhit ca khng kh bn trong nh my , ttr = 350C.
Vy : Qt = 1,38.14,16.(40-35) = 97,704 (Kcal/h)
Qt = 5755,17 + 12649,8 + 97,704 = 18502,67 (Kcal/h)
78
b) L-ng nhit tn tht xung quanh nh my .
Qtt = Qqt-ng + Qqca
L-ng nhit tn tht qua t-ng:
Qqt-ng = K. F. (ttr tng)
K: H s truyn nhit qua t-ng K = 1,38 (Kcal/m3h)
F: Din tch t-ng ca 1 gian nh my pha khng b mt tri chiu nng, F =
14,16 m2.
tng: Nhit khng kh bn ngoi nh my , tng = 300C
ttr: Nhit khng kh bn trong nh my , ttr = 350C
Vy l-ng nhit tn tht qua t-ng l:
Qqt-ng = 1,38.14,16.(35 30 ) = 97,7 (Kcal/h)
L-ng nhit tn tht qua ca s:
Qqca = Kc . Fca s.(ttr tng)
Kc: H s truyn nhit qua ca s ca 10C, tra bng 85 Gio trnh Trm bm tp 2
ta c Kc = 5 (Kcal/m2h)
Fca s: Din tch ca s ca 1 gian nh my tnh cho 1 bn.
Qqca = 5 . 3,6.(35 30) = 90 (Kcal/m2h)
Vy tng l-ng nhit tn tht l:
Qtt = 97,7 + 90 = 187,7 (Kcal/m2h)
Vy Qth = Qt - Qtt = 18502,67 187,7 = 18314,97 (Kcal/h)
Khi ta c l-ng khng kh cn phi thng gi trong 1 gi l:
W=
18314,97
0,24.(35 30).1,17
13044,85 (Kcal/h)
2. L-ng khng kh do gi -a vo nh my
Wgi = Fca s. V gio .3600 (m3/h)
Fcs: Din tch ca s 1 gian nh my, Fcs = 3,6 (m2)
V gio
: Tc gi trung bnh ca thng nng nht o lc 13 gi,
V gio = 2 m/s
Wgi = 3,6.2.3600 = 25920 (m3/h)

So snh l-ng khng kh do gi -a vo Wgi vi l-ng khng kh cn phi thng
W trong 1 gi ca 1 gian ca nh my :
79
Wgio
W
25920
1,99 ln
13044,85
Kt lun: L-ng khng kh do gi -a qua ca s vo nh my nhit

trong nh my khng v-t qu 350C, do khng cn phi b tr thit b thng gi.
4.8. Thit k s b h thng in
4.8.1. Chn s u dy h thng in
Do in p ng c l 380 V do s u dy ca h thng in -c th hin

nh- hnh v:
U ngun
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
TD1
TD2
4.8.2. Chn my bin p cho nh my
Trm bm Vit Ho ly in t -ng dy cao th 35 Kv. c in p thch

hp vi ng c ko my bm, cc thit b ph v dng cho sinh hot ta phi h
in p ca ngun xung cc cp in p thch hp vi mc ch s dng.
Cc my bin p ca trm bm -c chn theo cc tiu chun sau:
- Dung l-ng yu cu ca trm bm Syc
- in p ngun Ung
80
- in p ca ng c Vc
Chn s u in nh- hnh v trn th dung l-ng yu cu Syc ca trm bm
-c tnh theo cng thc sau :
S yc
k.k1 .k2 NH
dc . cos
k : H s an ton th-ng ly k = 1,05 1,1, chn k = 1,1

k1: H s ph ti ca ng c xc nh theo cng thc : k1 =
Nmax
NH
Nmax : Cng sut thc t ln nht ti trc ca ng c khi lm vic vi HKTmax. Theo
kt qu tnh ton trn c Nmax = 64,32 kw
NH : Cng sut nh mc ca ng c, NH = 75 Kw
Khi k1 =
64,32
= 0,86
75
k2 : H s lm vic ng thi ca trm bm, -c tnh theo cng thc

k2 =
S my bom lm vic
Tng s my bom
c : Hiu sut ca ng c, c = 0,906

cos : H s cng sut, cos = 0,88
NH : Tng cng sut nh mc ca ng c trong trm bm, k c my d tr. Ta
c NH = 7. NH = 7.75 = 525 Kw
Vy : S yc
1,1.0,86.0,86.525
0,906.0,88
535 (Kw)
Chn NTD = 50 Kw
Tra ph lc HA2 gio trnh in kh ho trong nng nghip thu li ( TS. L Cng
Thnh) ta chn 2 my bin p chnh, v mt my bin p ph do hng ABB sn
xut. Cc thng s k thut nh- bng sau :
STT Tn my bin p
Dung l-ng in p ln nht (KV)
(KVA)
Cao p
H p
1
315KVA- 35/0,4
315
35
0,4
2
50KVA- 35/0,4
50
35
0,4
4.8.3. Tnh ton thit k h thng in h p
81
1. Tnh chn dy dn cho mng in trong nh my
Vic chn dy dn cho h thng in i hi phi m bo v iu kin k thut
l cung cp y in nng theo yu cu, -ng dy in khng b ph hu bi
nhng tc ng c gii, nhit ho hc cng nh- cc tc ng ca mi tr-ng.i
hi chi ph u t- v vn hnh hp l, mt khc i hi cn m bo v mt thm
m cng nh- thun tin cho thi cng lp rp.
a) Tnh ton chn dy dn t t khi ng n ng c
Mi ng c chn mt hng cp. Da vo c-ng dng in nh mc ca ng
c s tm -c loi dy dn v tit din S thch hp. C-ng dng in nh mc
-c tnh theo cng thc :
Im =
Ndm
3.Udc . dc . cos
Nm : Cng sut nh mc ca ng c, Nm = 75 Kw
Cc thng s cn li gii thch trn
Vy : Im =
Ndm
= 142,9 (A)
3 .0,38.0,906 .0,88
C Im chn loi dy dn v tit din dy dn theo iu kin pht nng sau:

Im Ihc
Im : C-ng dng in nh mc ca mt dy cp, Im = 142,9 (A)
Ihc : Dng in hiu chnh cho php ca dy dn tnh theo cng thc :
Ihc = K1.K2.Icp
K1 : H s hiu chnh theo nhit thc t ca mi tr-ng t dy dn.
Nhit quy nh ca mi tr-ng tiu chun t dy dn l 250C. Nhit thc t
mi tr-ng t dy dn ( mi tr-ng khng kh) l 35 0C. Tra bng 5.8 Gio trnh
in kh ho trong nng nghip thu li ( TS. L Cng Thnh) -c :
K1 = 0,88
K2 : H s hiu chnh theo s l-ng cp lm vic, v y mi ng c ch dng
mt cp nn K2 = 1.
Icp
I dm
0,88.1
142,9
= 162,4 (A)
0,88
Da vo Icp tra bng 5.7 Gio trnh in kh ho trong nng nghip thu li ( TS.
L Cng Thnh) ta chn loi cp dy ng 3 li c S = 50 mm2 v c Icp = 172 (A).
b) Tnh ton chn dy dn t my bin p chnh n t u vo
82
Tnh Icp
Icp
I dm
K 1 .K 2
n.Ndc
3.Udc . dc . cos
Im =
(A)
n: S my bm m mt my bin p m nhim, n = 3
Nc : Cng sut ca ng c , Nc = 75 Kw
Uc : in p ca ng c, Uc = 380 V
c : Hiu sut ca ng c, c = 0,906
cos : H s cng sut, cos = 0,88
3.75
= 428,77 (A)
3 .0,38.0,906 .0,88
I dm
428 ,77
= 487,24 (A)
0,88.1 0,88.1
Im =
Icp
Chn dy dn
Da vo Icp tra bng 5.7 Gio trnh in kh ho trong nng nghip thu li ( TS.
L Cng Thnh) ta chn loi cp dy ng 1 li c S = 185 mm 2 v c Icp = 535
(A).
c) Chn dy dn t t du vo n t khi ng
Do c-ng dng in t t u vo n t khi ng bng c-ng t t khi
ng n ng c, c-ng dng in nh mc cho mi hng cp l 142,9 (A).
Vy ta chn dy dn cng loi vi dy dn t t khi ng n ng c.
d) Tnh chn dy dn t my bin p ph n t t dng
Tnh Icp:
Icp
I dm
K 1 .K 2
Im =
Ntd
3.Utd . td . cos
(A)
Ta coi h s cos = 1 v hiu sut td = 1

Utd : in p t dng, Utd = 0,4 KV
Ntd : Cng sut t dng , Ntd = Ntd1 + Ntd2 + Ntd3
83
Ntd1, Ntd2 , Ntd3 : Cng sut t dng ca my bm tiu, my bm n-c k thut,
my bm n-c cu ho.
Ntd = 2,9 + 2.2,2 + 7,5 = 14,8 (KW)
Im =
14,8
= 21,36 (A)
3 .0,4.1.1
T-ng t nh- trn : K1 = 0,88

K2 = 1
Icp
I dm
0,88.1
21,36
= 24,27 (A)
0,88.1
Chn dy dn
Da vo Icp tra bng 5.7 Gio trnh in kh ho trong nng nghip thu li (
TS. L Cng Thnh) ta chn loi cp dy ng 3 li c S = 2,5 mm2 v c Icp = 28
(A).
e) Tnh ton chn dy dn t t t dng n cc thit b t dng
Tnh Icp:
Icp
I dm
K 1 .K 2
Im =
Ntb
(A)
3.Utd
Ntb : Cng sut ca thit b, ta chn Ntb = 10 KW

Utd : in p t dng, Utd = 0,4 KV
Im =
Icp
10
= 14,4 (A)
3 .0,4
14,4
= 16,4 (A).
0,88.1
Chn dy dn
Ta chn dy ng loi 3 li, tit din li 2,5 mm2, c dng in cho php 27 (A)
Nhit mi tr-ng lm vic 350C, nhit gii hn li 700 C
K1 = 0,88
Nh- vy dng in lu di hiu chnh :
Ihc = K1.Icp = 0,88. 27 = 23,76 (A)
84
Ihc > Im => ta chn dy dn : Dy ng 3 li, tit din 2,5 mm 2 cch in bng
nha tng hp.
2. Chn thit b o l-ng v bo v
a) Chn thit b bo v t -ng in 35Kv vo trm bin p:
Cu dao cch ly : PH - 35/630 do Nga ch to.
Cu chy : Chn loi cu ch c in p danh nh 35 KV, c th dng loi KTH
v KKY cu chy thch anh dng bo v my bin p, in p t 3 35
KV.
B tr cu dao cch ly v cu ch cho mi my bin p.
bo v trm bin p ta b tr chng st van PBC 35
b) Chn Aptomat
Aptomat l thit b in dng ng ct in cho cc -ng dy chnh, cc
-ng dy h p, cho cc ng c, Aptomat th-ng -c trang b bo v ngn
mch, bo v qu ti hay bo v non p tu thuc vo loi Aptomat.
- Ta xc nh -c dng in nh mc ca ng c : Im = 142,9 (A)
Nh- vy ta chn loi Aptomat kiu A3130 ca Lin X:
Dng in nh mc,A
Tip im chnh
Ct qu ti
200
150
Dng in nh mc t dng : Idm = 21,36 (A)
Chn loi Aptomat A3160 ca Lin X:
Dng in nh mc,A
Tip im chnh
50
Ct qu ti
50
Ct ngn mch
1050
Ct ngn mch
-
c. Chn khi ng t
Dng in khi ng t Ik > Ilv ca ng c
Ik = 1,1.Ic = 1,1.142,9 = 157,19 (A)
Chn khi ng t:
AE 600 c kiu Rle nhit TP - 150 vi Im = 160 (A).
d.Chn thit b in khc
85
+ n chiu sng ngoi trm bm : chn n thu ngn cao p 250W 220V.
+ n chiu sng trong nh trm : Chn n hunh quang 1,2 m , 40W 220V.
+ Ngoi ra cn chn v b tr cc bng in, cm cng tc, h thng gi cp,
t khi ng, bn iu khin, h thng qut trn, n nh qun l
86
Ch-ng v
Tnh ton kinh t

Tnh ton kinh t l xc nh vn u t- xy dng trm bm Vit Ho. C th
l xc nh kinh ph mua thit b my mc ca trm bm v xy lt. xc nh
-c vn u t- xy dng trm bm Vit Ho, th phi da vo cc ti liu sau
lm c s tnh ton.
- Kch th-c khi l-ng theo ti liu tnh ton v cc bn v thit k.
- p dng nh mc d ton xy dng c bn s 56 ca B xy dng.
- Cn c vo thng bo gi s 12-TB/VLXD-LS ngy 20/9/2002 ca lin s ti
chnh vt gi Xy dng tnh Bc Giang
- Cn c thng t- s 09/2000/TT-BXD ngy 17/7/2000 ca B xy dng
5.1. tnh ton chi ph xy dng cng trnh
5.1.1. Tnh khi l-ng xy dng
Da vo cc bn v thit k k thut s tnh -c khi l-ng xy dng ca cng

trnh nh- khi l-ng t o, t p, b tng lt, b tng mng, t-ng , tr pin, x
dm, ct, sn ng c mi ht, lanh t , gch xy tng, trt, qut vi, ca s,
ca ra vo, my bm my bin p, cc thit b iu khin, o lng bo vta lp
bng tnh ton nh- sau:
1. B ht
TT
Hng mc cng trnh
1 B tng lt y M100#
BTCT y b ht M200#
BTCT chn khay b ht

M200#
BTCT t-ng cnh g
M200#
Din ton
n v
0,1x[5,2x16,6+1/2x(16,
m3
6 + 13x4,16 + (13 +
4,1)x10,84x1/2
[(16,6x5,2)+1/2x4,16x(
m3
16,6+13)+(13+4,1)x10,
84x1/2]x0,4
2x1/2x(0,25+0,5)x0.25x
m3
(4.1+16.96)
2x5.35x0.25x4.2
m3
Khi l-ng
24,057
73,0568
3.88
11.235
87
5
BTCT tr Pin M200#
BTCT M200# cu cng

tc
BTCT M200# t-ng ngc
BTCT M200# cc tm
lt mi b ht
9 BTCT M200# cc tm
lt mi knh dn
10 Ct en lt y dy 0,05
(m)
8
(5.2x0.66x0.15x0.2)x4.2x7
(1x0.2+2x0.15x0.2)x16.
6
(0.8x0.2+2.7x0.2+1.2x0
.2)x7x1.8
144x0.8x0.6x0.09
m3
86.44
m3
4.32
m3
11.844
m3
6.22
2x373x0.8x0.6x0.09
m3
32.23
0.05[5.2x16.6+1/2(16.6
+13)x4.16+(13+4.1)x10
.84x1/2]
m3
12.03
Din ton
6.4x22.4x0.1
6.4x20x0.6
1/2x(1.2+0.8)x19.7x0.3
(5.226-1.3)x0.8x19.7
n v
m3
m3
m3
m3
Khi l-ng
14.336
76.8
5.91
62.874
5.226x 1x19.7-3.142x7
m3
100.7
2x(5.226x4.6x0.8
m3
38.46
[(1.5x0.6+0.5x0.3)+(1.3x
0.6+0.5x0.3)]7x(3.14x0.42+1.01x1.01)
6.4x(2x0.4x0.6)x8
m3
22.747
m3
24.576
(2x0.4x0.6)x16.8
m3
8.064
2. Nh my
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hng mc cng trnh

BT lt M100#
BTCT mng M200#
BTCT chn khay M200#
BTCT t-ng th-ng l-u
tng bm M200#
BTCT t-ng h l-u tng
bm M200#
BTCT t-ng hai u hi
tng bm M200#
BTCT sn tng bm
M200#
BTCT dm chnh
ng c v sn sa cha
M200#
BTCT dm ph ng
88
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
c M200#
BTCT sn lm vic
M200#
BTCT M200# ct tng
ng c
X ngang dc ni cc
ct M200#
BTCT M200# dm
cu trc
BTCT M200# vai dm
cu trc
Panen ghp mi tng
lm vic BTCT M200#
Mi chng ht tng lm
vic BTCT M200#
BTCT M200# lanh t ca
s
ra vo
thng gi gian in
BTCT M200# ging nh
BTCT M200# lng
chng thm tng ng
c
Gch xy t-ng th-ng
l-u h M75#
Gch xy t-ng h l-u
h M75#
Gch xy t-ng u hi
tri h M75#
0.3x[4.6x22.4(1.01x1.01)x7-0.8x1.9]
20x[(0.4x0.6x4.8)+(0.4x
0.38x1.3)]
10x(6.4x0.4x0.5)+1x22.2
+0.4x0.3
2x(0,15x0.56+0.2x0.35)x
19.8
20x[1/2x(0.35+0.91)x0.5
6-0.2x0.35]x0.4
0.198x90
m3
28.314
m3
26.992
m3
15.464
m3
6.1
m3
2.4
m3
17.82
2x22.2x(1x0.2+0.2x0.4)+
8.4x2x(1x0.2+0.2x0.4)
1.9x0.25x0.1x16
m3
17.136
m3
0.76
3.9x0.25x0.1
m3
0.0975
2x1.2x0.25x0.1
m3
0.06
0.15x0.25x21.02
22.2x5.9x0.03
m3
m3
0.788
3.929
9x2x8.8x0.250.25x[8x(1.5x2+1.5x0.4)
+1.2x0.8]
Ging t-ng th-ng l-u
m3
32.16
m3
9.84
5.2x8.8x0.25-3.5x4x0.25
m3
7.94
89
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Gch xy t-ng u hi
phi h M75#
Trt va hai mt t-ng
th-ng l-u M75#
Trt va hai mt t-ng

h l-u M75#
Trt va hai mt t-ng
u hi phi M75#
Trt va hai mt t-ng
u hi tri M75#
Trt va mi chng ht
M75#
Trt va trn nh M75#
Trt va M75# cnh ca
+ vng
33
Lng nn sn lm vic
M75#
34
35
Qut vi
Ct en lt y
5.2x8.8x0.25
m3
11.44
2x0.01x{9x2.4x8.8[8x(1.5x2+1.5x0.4)+1.2x
0.8}+(0.35x2x8x7.5)x0.0
1
Ging nh- t-ng th-ng
l-u
6.4x8.8x0.01+5.2x7.5x0.
01
(5.2x7.5+6.4x8.83.5x4)x0.01
[(1+0.6+0.2+0.4+0.8)x0.
01x(24.2+8.4)]x2
6.7x9x4.8x0.01
8x2x0.01x[2x(1.5+2)]x0.
25+[(3.5+8)x0.25+0.25x
2x(0.8+2.4)]x0.01+(1.9x
1x2x0.01+1x0.1x0.01x2
+1.9x0.1x0.01)x16+(3.9x
2x1+1x0.1x2+3.9x0.1)x0
.01+2x(1.2x0.8x2+0.8x0.
1x2+1.2x0.1)x0.01
5.9x21.7x0.01(7x1.01x1.01+0.8x1.9)x0
.01
m3
3.63
m3
3.63
m3
0.953
m3
0.813
m3
m3
m3
2.9
1.083
m3
1.2
m3
m3
0.3
14.336
6.4x22.4x0.1
3.B tho
TT
Hng mc
1 BTCT cu cng tc
Din ton
0.5x0.2x17.3
n v
m3
Khi l-ng
90
M200#
BTCT tr pin M200#
BTCT chn khay b tho

M200#
BTCT y b tho M200#
BT M100# lt y b tho
BTCT M200# y on
bo v knh tho
7 BT M100# lt y on
bo v knh tho
8 BTCT M200# cc tm
lt mi knh
9 Ct en lt y
10 BTCT M200# tm lt
mi b tho
6
(2x0.62x0.2x0.15)x7x2.71
18.3x[(2.5+2.7)x0.5x1/
2]+(0.5+0.25)x0.25x1/2
x4.1
0.5x[(17.3+4.1)x16x1/2
+(0.5+4.2)x18.3]
1.73
21.63
m3
24.2
m3
128.61
0.1x[(17.3+4.1)x16x1/2
+(0.5+4.2)x18.3]
6.3x4.1x0.2
m3
25.722
m3
5.2
6.3x4.1x0.1
m3
2.6
47x0.6x0.8x0.09
m3
2.03
2x59x0.8x0.6x0.09
m3
m3
25.722
5.1
Khi l-ng o p ton cng trnh
TT
Hng mc cng
Din ton
n v
Khi l-ng
trnh
1
o t knh dn +
h mng
{(12.368+6.1)x3.534x1/2+
[(12.368+4+4+16.368)x2.
2x1/2+(20.368+3.8+22.36
8)x2.2x1/2}x50+(8.4+16.4
)x8.674x1/2x22.4+2x(1+5
)x8.674x1/2+(5+6)x1.696
x1/2x17.3+(19.3+6.1)x16x
1/2x0.76+(18.6+6.1)x15x1
/2x7.7
m3
10415.179
91
2
p t
p ct
25x1/2x1.5x(9.5+8)+2x40
x1/2x1.5x(3.5+2)
(8.4+14.4)x7.3x0.5x(22.4)
+2x(1+4)x7.3x0.5x6.4(1+4)x7.3x0.5x22.4
m3
451.63
m3
1688.93
Tng hp khi l-ng xy dng ca trm bm
TT Hng mc cng /v
trnh
1 o t
m3
2 p t
m3
3 p ct
m3
4 Ct en lt y
m3
5
BTCT M200#
m3
mng
6
BTCT M200#
m3
t-ng
7
BTCT M200#
m3
t-ng tr pin
8
BTCT M200#
m3
ct
9
BTCT M200# x m3
dm, ging nh
10 BTCT M200#
m3
sn, cu cng
tc
11 BTCT M200#
m3
lanh t, mi
chng ht,
vng, t-ng
ngc
12 BTCT M200#
m3
B ht
Nh my
B tho
Tng cng
10415,179
451,63
1688,93
12,03
76,94
14.336
82,71
25.722
158,01
52.088
11,235
202,034
11,77
225,04
86,44
21,63
108,07
26,992
26,992
57,4
57,4
4,32
58,061
1.73
64.111
11,844
21,983
33,827
0,4
0,4
317,66
92
cu thang
Gch xy M75#
Qut vi
Trt t-ng h
M75#
Trt canh ca,
mi chng ht,
vng
Trt trn h
M75#
Lng nn sn
h M75#
BT lt M100#
BTCT M200#
tm lt mi
Panen mi tng
lm vic
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
m3
m3
m3
0
0
0
61,38
0,3
9,026
0
0
0
61,38
m3
3,083
3,083
m3
2,9
2,9
m3
1,2
1,2
m3
m3
24,057
38,45
14,336
0
28,322
7,13
66,725
m3
17,82
17,82
0,3
9,026
45,58
5.1.2. Tnh chi ph xy dng cng trnh
Chi ph tnh thu xy dng cng trnh
Chi ph trc tip
1 Chi ph vt liu
2 Chi ph nhn cng (NC)
3 Chi ph my thi cng
1x1xCvl
1,064x1,46xCnc
1x1,07xCm
Cng chi ph trc tip (T)

II Chi ph chung (C)
III Thu nhp chu thu tnh tr-c
718645496.3
101555087.2
26735106.88
846935690.4
64%xNC
64995255.83
5,5%x(T+C)
50156202.04
T+C+Bt
962087148.3
5%xZ
48104357.41
(Bt)
Gi tr d ton xy lp tr-c
thu (Z)
IV Thu gi tr gia tng u ra
Gi tr d ton xy lp sau thu
1010191505.7
93
Chi ph phn t tnh thu

I
Chi ph trc tip
1 Chi ph vt liu
3 Chi ph my thi cng
1x1xCvl
1,064x1,46xCnc
1x1,07xCm

II Chi ph chung (C)
III Thu nhp chu thu tnh tr-c (Bt)
Gi tr d ton xy lp tr-c thu (Z)
29422849.5
179600590.4
0
209023439.9
64%xNC
114944377.9
5,5%x(T+C)
17818229.98
T+C+Bt
5%xZ
341786047.8
17089302.39
358875350.2
Tng mc u t- cho xy lp nh my: ( Bng gi tr d ton xy lp sau thu

phn thu cng + Gi tr d ton xy lp sau thu t)
Tng mc u t- =1010191505,7 + 358875350,2 = 1369066855,9 (VN)
Chi ph lp t in h p:
I
Chi ph trc tip

2 Chi ph my thi cng
1,46xCnc
1,07xCm
3375641.18
226198
3601839.18
II Chi ph chung (C)
71%xNC
2396705.238
III Thu nhp chu thu tnh tr-c (Bt)
6%x(T+C)
359912.6651
T+C+Bt
5%xZ
6358457.083
317922.8541
Gi tr d ton xy lp tr-c thu (Z)

6676379.9
Tng chi ph thit b in: Ctb = Ccptb + Chast

Trong : Ccptb Chi ph thit b in (212418000 VN)
Chast Chi ph lp t in h p sau thu
Vy : Ctb = 212418000 + 6676379,9 = 219094379,9 (VN)
94
Chi ph thit b c kh
TT Loi thit b
1 My bm 20 pB -60960
2 Cu trc 5 tn
3 My bm LT46-7
4 My bm LT20-18
5 L-i chn rc
6 Ca van bng st
Khi
n gi
Thnh tin
l-ng
T
my
500000000
3500000000
B
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
1
1
3
7
7
150000000
3500000
2300000
700000
1500000
150000000
3500000
6900000
4900000
10500000
(VN)
3675800000
Cng
Chi ph vn chuyn thit b c kh 5%xCck = 183790000 (VND)

Chi ph bo qun bo him 3,32%x Cck
= 122036560 (VND)
Chi ph lp t chy th
100.000.000 (VND)
Tng
405826560 (VND)
Tng cng : (T) = Cck + 405826560 = 4081626560 (VND)
Thu nhp chu thu tnh tr-c (Bt) = 5,5% x (T) = 2244894608 (VND)
Gi tr d ton ca thit b c kh tr-c thu (G) = 6326521168 (VND)
Thu gi tr gia tng u ra (VAT) = 5% x (G) = 3163260584 (VND)
Gi tr d ton ca thit b c kh sau thu: 9.489.781.752 (VND)
Tng cng mc u t- thit b : Bng gi tr d ton ca thit b c kh sau
thu + Tng chi ph thit b in = 9.489.781.752 + 219.094.380
= 9.708.876.133 (VND)
(Chn t by trm linh tm triu tm trm by m-i su nghn mt trm ba m-i ba
ng)
Tng vn u t- ban u = Tng mc u t- xy lp nh my + Tng mc
u t- thit b = 1.369.066.856 + 9.708.876.133 = 11.077.942.989 (VND)
(M-i mt t by m-i by triu chn trm bn hai nghn chn trm tm chn
nghn)
Tng d ton cng trnh
95
TT
Cc chi ph khc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Thit k ph ly bng 2% Tng kinh ph xy

dng(Cb)
Chi ph kho st ly bng 5% (Cb)
Gim st cng trnh ly bng 0,638% (Cb)x1,1
Chi ph qun l ly bng 1,2%x(Cb)x1,1
n b
Bo him ly bng 0,35%(Cnm)x1,1
Lp h s mi thu ly bng 0,109%(Cnm)x1,1
D phng ly bng 10%(Cnm)
Chi ph khc
Cng
Tng d ton xy dng cng trnh
Thnh tin
221558859.8
553897149.5
77745003.9
1462288475
150000000
52709073.96
16415111.6
136906685.6
300000000
2971520358.8
14049463347.8
5.2. nh gi hiu qu kinh t ca d n

Tnh ton v nh gi hiu qu kinh t ca d n xy dng trm bm Vit
Ho, -c thc hin trn c s xc dnh gi tr sn l-ng ca sn xut nng nghip
tng thm, nh c tc ng ca d n thng qua mt s ch tiu u t- ch yu nh:
H s ni hon kinh t (EIRR %), gi tr thu nhp dng (NPV), t s thu nhp v
chi ph (B/C)
Tnh ton hiu qu kinh t -c thc hin trn c s cc gi nh sau y:
Thi gian thi cng thc hin d n l 2 nm
i sng kinh t ca d n l 30 nm
Gi c u vo u ra theo gi th tr-ng qu III/2002
D kin kh nng pht huy hiu qu kinh t ca d n :
Nm u tin em vo khai thc s dng d n t 50% Bt
Nm th hai em vo khai thc s dng d n t 70% Bt
Nm th ba tr i em vo khai thc s dng d n t -c 100% Bt
Xc nh tng chi ph ca d n
1.
Tng vn u t- ban u (VN)
K = 4049463347.80
96
2.
Cc chi ph qun l khai thc (VN)

C = 1836846217.17
a)
Chi ph sa cha th-ng xuyn (VN)
Csctx= 2,0%.K = 280989266.9 6
b)
Chi ph sa cha ln (VN)
Cscl= 1,5%.K = 210741950.22
c)
Chi ph in nng (VN)
Cn=(320+220)KWh/ha*2365ha*650/KW = 830115000.00
d)
Chi ph tin l-ng (VN)
Ctl= 7 ng * 6,000,000 /ng = 42000000.00
e)
Chi ph khc (VN)
Ckh= 2365 ha * 200,000 /ha = 473000000.00
5.2.1. nh gi li ch ca d n
1-Tnh thu nhp thun tu ca mt ha gieo trng khi ch-a c d n:

Bng V.1
2 - Tnh thu nhp thun tu ca mt ha gieo trng khi c d n:
Bng V.2
Tng thu nhp tng thm hng nm do c d n tr i chi ph sn xut nng
nghip l: 8615381429 (VN)
Bng V.3
5.2.2. Xc nh cc ch tiu hiu qu
1.Tnh h s ni hon kinh t

EIRR = i1 +
NPV1
(i 2 i1)
NPV1 NPV2
Trong :
i: H s chit khu (%)
NPV : Gi tr thu nhp dng.
NPV = (Thu nhp quy v nm u) ( Chi ph quy v nm u)
EIRR cng ln chng t hiu ch cng trnh t -c cng ln. V vy so snh
ph-ng n ng-i ta ly max(EIRR) lm nguyn tc -u tin la chn.
97
Nu gi h s chit khu ca nghnh no l [i] th iu kin ca mt d n
u t- cho nghnh no c hiu qu l EIRR [i].
Vi iu kin kinh t ca n-c ta hin nay ngn hng pht trin Chu ADB
ngh ly EIRR > [i] = 12 15% cho Thu li.
Ph-ng php xc nh EIRR l phi tnh th dn :
Xc nh qu trnh chi ph v thu nhp quy v u nm ca d n trong qu trnh
xy dng v khai thc.
Cc b-c tnh ton -c thc hin trong Bng V.4 . Kt qu ta -c h s ni
hon kinh t EIRR = 0,32 = 32 %
2. Phn tch nhy cu d n:
Phn tch nhy ca d n nhm mc ch xc nh s bin ng v hiu qu
ca d n thng qua cc ch tiu : Gi tr thu nhp dng (NPV), t s B/C v EIRR
tr-c nhng bin ng bt li c th xy ra trong t-ng lai nh- chi ph u t- tng
ln, thu nhp gim i v ngc li . Phn tch nhy c thc hin trong
Bng V.5
5.2.3. Kt lun
Da vo kt qu tnh ton v nh gi hiu qu kinh t ca d n thc hin trn

y c th cho thy d n xy dng trm bm Vit Ho huyn Vit Yn tnh Bc
giang c hiu qu kinh t cao. Vi cc ch tiu u t- nh- sau :
STT Cc ch tiu u tKt qu
1
H s ni hon kinh t :EIRR
32%
2
Gi tr thu nhp dng: NPV
27430,61.106 (VN)
3
Tng thu nhp / chi ph : B/C
2,21
4
Vi h s chit khu: i
12%
Kt qu phn tch nhy trong Bng V.5 cng ch ra rng hiu qu d n
hon ton n nh tr-c cc bin ng ri ro c th xy ra trong t-ng lai.
Tm li d n c tnh cht kh thi v kinh t cn -c u t- xy dng gii
quyt vn hn hn trong khu vc lm cho sn l-ng nng nghip tng, p ng
cc vn v kinh t x hi ca tnh Bc Giang gp phn lm tng sn l-ng l-ng
thc cho ton x hi.
98
Ch-ng 6
Chuyn
6.1. xc nh cc loi ti trng tc dng ln khung ct
6.1.1. Xc nh ti trng mi
- Lp va trt trn dy 1 cm:

0,01x1600x1,2 x2,4 = 46,08 (Kg/m )
- Trng l-ng Panen
( 0,05x0,9x2 + 0,05x0,15x2)x2500x1,2x2,4 = 756 (Kg/m)
- Va xi mng dy 3 cm
0,03x1600x1,2x2,4 = 138,24 (Kg/m)
- Gch l nem lt so le dy 0,05 m
0,05x1800x1,2x2,4 = 259,2 (Kg/m)
- Trng l-ng bn thn dm
1,1x0,4x0,6x2500 + 0,01x1800x1,6x1,2 = 694,56 (Kg/m)
Trng l-ng phn b ln dm ngang :
qmi = 46,08 + 756 + 138,24 + 259,2 + 694,56 = 1894,08 (Kg/m) = 1,894 (T/m)
6.1.2. Ti trng tp trung gia dm ngang ( P1 )
P1 = Png-i + Pdd
Png-i : Ti trng do ng-i i li trn mi
Png-i = 75x1,2 = 90 ( Kg/m )
Pdd : Ti trng dm dc
Pdd = 2500x0,4x0,6x2,4 = 1440 (Kg/m)
P1 = 90+ 1440 = 1530 (Kg/m) = 1,53 (T/m)
6.1.3. Ti trng gi
a im xy dng cng trnh thuc khu vc II Bc B

Gi tr ti trng gi tiu chun theo tiu chun VN2737-95: q0 = 95 (Kg/m2 )
Ti trng gi tc dng ln khung -c tnh theo cng thc:
q = n.q0.k.C.B
99
Trong :
q : Gi tr ca ti trng gi tc dng ln khung.
n : H s v-t ti, n = 1,3
k : H s nh h-ng n ti trng gi theo chiu cao, ly k = 1.
C : H s kh ng:
Vi mt n gi C = 0,8
Vi mt khut gi C = 0,6
B : B-c ca khung, B = 2,4 (m)
Vy : Ti trng gi tc dng vo khung pha n gi :
qg = 1,3.95.1.0,8.2,4 = 237,12 (Kg/m) = 0,237 (T/m)
Ti trng gi tc dng vo khung pha khut gi :
qgh = 1,3.95.1.0,6.2,4 = 177,84 ( Kg/m) = 0,178 (T/m)
6.1.3. Ti trng cu trc v vt cu
Ti trng bn thn cu trc : 2 (T)

Ti trng my bm
: 4 (T)
Vy : P2 = (2 + 4) / 2 = 3 (T)
M = 3.0,4 = 1,2 (Tm)
Sau khi xc nh -c cc gi tr ti trng nh- trn. Dng ch-ng trnh
SAP2000 tnh ton cc kt cu khung phng.
6.1.4. Ti trng bn thn ct
qct = 0,4.0,6.2500.1,2 + 0,01.1,5.1,2.1600 = 748,8 (Kg/m) = 0,749 (T/m)

6.2. Tnh ton ct thp
6.2.1. Xc nh mt ct 1-1: (Dm ngang)
Vi M = 5,065 (Tm ) = 506500 (Kg.cm)

Q = 6,852 (T) = 6852 (Kg)
Cng trnh thuc cng trinh cp IV, BTCT M200# , thp loi CI- Bi ton ta cn
kim tra xem nn t ct n hay ct kp.
p dng cng thc (3-11, trang 37 GTKCBTCT)
A=
K n .nc .M
mb .Rn .b.h02
100
Trong :
Kn : L tin cy cng trnh cp IV tra ph lc 3 (GTKCBTCT), Kn = 1,1
nc : L t hp ti trng c bn tra ph lc 4 (GTKCBTCT), nc = 1
mb : H s iu kin lm vic ca b tng tra ph lc 5(GTKCBTCT ) ta c
mb = 1
Rn : C-ng tnh ton nn dc ct, vi M200# tra ph lc 2 (GTKCBTCT )
ta c Rn = 90 (Kg/cm2)
b : Bn l dy tit din b = 40 cm.
h0 : Chiu cao hu ch ca tit din.
h0 = h a
h : Chiu cao tit din h = 60 cm.
a : Khong chc t mp bin min ko n trng tm ct ta chn a = 4 cm.
h0 = 60 4 = 56 (cm)
M : Momen do ti trng mt ct gy ra M = 506500 (Kg.cm)
Vy ta c : A =
1,1.1.506500
= 0,05
1.90.40.56 2
Vi ct thp CI, M200# tra ph lc 11 (GTKCBTCT) ta c 0 = 0,65 tra ph

lc 10 (GTKCBTCT ) ta c:
A0 = 0,439
A < A0 nn tnh ct thp n.
p dng cng thc 3-12 trang 37 GTKCBTCT ta c :
Fa =
mb .Rn .b.h0 .
ma .R a
Trong :
: Tra ph lc 10 GTKCBTCT vi A = 0,05 ta c = 0,055 (ni suy ).
ma : H s iu kin lm vic ca ct thp tra ph lc 8 GTKCBTCT ta c :
ma = 1,1
Ra : C-ng tnh ton ca ct thp nhm CI tra ph lc 7 GTKCBTCT ,
ta c Ra = 2100 (kg/cm2).
Fa =
1.90.40.56.0,055
= 4,8 (cm2)
1,1.2100
Kim tra iu kin lm vic Famin < Fa < Famax

101
Trong :
Famin : Din tch ct thp nh nht b tr.
Fa : Din tch ct thp b tr.
Famax : Din tch ct thp ln nht b tr.
Ta c Famin = min.b.h0
min : Hm l-ng ct thp ti thiu khi b tr.
BTCT M200# tra bng (3-1), trang 24 GTKCBTCT ta c:
min = 0,1 % => Famin = 0,1%.40.56 = 2,24 (cm2)
Famax =
1.90.40.56.0,65
= 56,73 (cm2)
1,1.2100
Famin = 2,24 (cm2) < Fa = 4,8 (cm2) < Famax = 56,73 (cm2)
Tra ph lc 12 GTKCBTCT ta chn 314 c Fa = 4,62 cm2
Kim tra sai s t-ng i :
Fa ,bt Fa
Fa ,bt
4,62 4,8
= - 3,9 %
4,62
Vy bi ton tho mn iu kin trn.

Kim tra iu kin t ct ai v ct xin.
iu kin tnh ton
Khi tho mn iu kin sau cn phi b tr ct ai ct xin:
0,6.mb4.Rk < =
kn .nc .Q
0,9.b.h0
mb 3 .Rkc
Trong :
Q : Lc ct ln nht do ti trng tnh ton gy ra ti mt ct ang xt
Q = 6852 (Kg)
R k : C-ng chu ko ca b tng tnh ton vi cc trng thi gii hn nhm 1,
tra ph lc 2 GTKCBTCT vi M200# ta c :
Rk = 7,5 (kg/cm2 )
Rkc : C-ng chu ko ca b tng tnh i vi cc trng thi gii hn 2 ta c

Rkc = 11,5 (kg/cm2)
mb3 : H s lm vic ca b tng trong kt cu b tng ct thp, tra ph lc 5
GTKCBTCT ta c mb3 = 1
102
mb4 : H s iu kin lm vic b tng ct thp, tra ph lc 5 GTKCBTCT ta c
mb4 = 0,9
Vy ta c :
0,6.mb4.Rk = 0,6.0,9.7,5 = 4,05 (kg/cm2)
1 = 0 =
1,1.1.6852
= 3,74 (kg/cm2)
0,9.40.56
Ta thy : 0,6.mb4.Rk > 0 nn khng cn t ct thp ngang v b tng sc

chu ko.
6.2.2. Xc nh mt ct 2-2: (Gia dm ngang)
M = 684000 (kg.cm)
Q = 1530 (kg)
Cng trnh thuc cng trnh cp IV, thp loi CI.
Bi ton ta cn kim tra xem nn t ct n hay kp.
A=
K n .nc .M
mb .Rn .b.h02
Trong :
Kn : L tin cy cng trnh cp IV ta ph lc 3 (GTKCBTCT ) ta c Kn = 1,1
nc : L t hp ti trng c bn tra ph lc 4 (GTKCBTCT) , nc = 1
mb : H s iu kin lm vic ca b tng tra ph lc 5(GTKCBTCT ) ta c mb = 1
Rn : C-ng tnh ton nn dc ct, vi M200# tra ph lc 2 (GTKCBTCT ) ta c
Rn = 90 (Kg/cm2)
b : Bn l dy tit din b = 40 cm.
h0 : Chiu cao hu ch ca tit din.
h0 = h a
h : Chiu cao tit din h = 60 cm.
a : Khong chc t mp bin min ko n trng tm ct ta chn a = 4 cm.
h0 = 60 4 = 56 (cm)
M : Momen do ti trng mt ct gy ra M = 684000 (Kg.cm)
Vy ta c : A =
1,1.1.684000
= 0,067
1.90.40.56 2
103
Vi ct thp CI, M200# tra ph lc 11 (GTKCBTCT ) ta c 0 = 0,65 tra ph lc
10 (GTKCBTCT ) ta c:
A0 = 0,439
p dng cng thc 3-12 trang 37 GTKCBTCT ta c :
Fa =
mb .Rn .b.h0 .
ma .R a
Trong :
: Tra ph lc 10 GTKCBTCT vi A = 0,067 ta c = 0,07 .
ma : H s iu kin lm vic ca ct thp tra ph lc 8 GTKCBTCT ta c :
ma = 1,1
Ra : C-ng tnh ton ca ct thp nhm CI tra ph lc 7 GTKCBTCT ,
ta c Ra = 2100 (kg/cm2).
Fa =
1.90.40.56.0,07
= 6,11 (cm2)
1,1.2100

Trong :
min = 0,1 % => Famin = 0,1%.40.56 = 2,24 (cm2)
Famax =
1.90.40.56.0,65
= 56,73 (cm2)
1,1.2100
Tra ph lc 12 GTKCBTCT ta chn 414 c Fa = 6,16 (cm2)
Fa ,bt Fa
Fa ,bt
6,16 6,11
= 0,81 % 5%
6,16
104
Kim tra iu kin t ct ai v ct xin.
iu kin tnh ton
Khi tho mn iu kin sau cn phi b tr ct ai ct xin:
0,6.mb4.Rk < =
kn .nc .Q
0,9.b.h0
mb 3 .Rkc
Trong :
Q : Lc ct ln nht do ti trng tnh ton gy ra ti mt ct ang xt
Q = 1530 (Kg)
R k : C-ng chu ko ca b tng tnh ton vi cc trng thi gii hn nhm 1,
tra ph lc 2 GTKCBTCT vi M200# ta c :
Rk = 7,5 (kg/cm2 )
Rkc : C-ng chu ko ca b tng tnh i vi cc trng thi gii hn 2 ta c

Rkc = 11,5 (kg/cm2)
mb3 : H s lm vic ca b tng trong kt cu b tng ct thp, tra ph lc 5
GTKCBTCT ta c mb3 = 1
mb4 : H s iu kin lm vic b tng ct thp, tra ph lc 5 GTKCBTCT ta c
mb4 = 0,9
Vy ta c :
0,6.mb4.Rk = 0,6.0,9.7,5 = 4,05 (kg/cm2)
1 = 0 =
1,1.1.1530
= 0,834 (kg/cm2)
0,9.40.56
Ta thy : 0,6.mb4.Rk > 0 nn khng cn t ct thp ngang v b tng sc

chu ko.
6.2.3. Mt ct 3-3
M = 686000 (kg.cm)
N= 16340 (kg)
y l tr-ng hp chu nn. Ta cn phi xc nh xem n l tr-ng hp nn lch
tm ln hay nn lch tm b.
105
1
kn .nc .N
l
1
.( o ) 2
400.mb .Rn .F h
Kn : tin cy cng trnh cp IV, tra ph lc 3 GTKCBTCT ta c Kn = 1,1
nc : L t hp ti trng c bn, tra ph lc 4 GTKCBTCT , nc = 1
mb : H s iu kin lm vic ca b tng tra ph lc 5 GTKCBTCT , mb = 1.
Rn : C-ng tnh ton nn dc ct, vi M200# tra ph lc2 GTKCBTCT ta c Rn
= 90 (kg/cm2)
h : Chiu cao ca tit din, h = 60 cm.
h0 : Chiu cao hu ch ca tit din, ho = h a = 60 4 = 56 cm.
F : Din tch tit din, F = b.h = 40.60 = 2400 (cm2 )
lo : Chiu di tnh ton ca tit din, lo = l.
l : Chiu di thc, l = 6 m
Vi tit din hai u ngm ta c = 0,5 ( theo GTKCBTCT sc bn vt liu trang
275)
lo = 6.0,5 = 4 m = 300 cm
: H s nh h-ng ca lc dc
1
= 1,005
1,1.1.16340 300 2
1
.(
)
400.1.90.2400 60
eo : lch tm ban u (cm)
eo =
M 686000
=
= 41,983 cm
N 16340
.eo = 1,005.41,983 = 42,15 cm

0,3ho = 0,3.56 = 16,8 cm
So snh .eo > 0,3ho , vy cu kin chu nn lch tm ln.
a : Khong cch t mp bin min chu ko n trng tm ct thp ( Fa).
Chn a = 4 cm
a: Khong cch t mp bin min chu ko n trng tm ct thp ( F a).
Chn a = 4 cm.
e : Khong cch t im t ca lc nn dc N n trng tm ct thp chu ko Fa
e = .eo + h/2 a
106
e = 42,15 + 60/2 4 = 68,15 cm
e: Khong cch t im t ca lc nn dc N n trng tm ct thp chu ko
Fa
e = .eo - h/2 a= 8,15 cm
Theo ph-ng trnh (4-13) v 4-14) trang 47 GTKCBTCT ta c l ph-ng trnh
cha 3 n, (x , Fa , Fa)
Chn x = o.ho, vi o = , A = Ao v m bo iu kin hn ch.
Vi loi thp CI, BTCT M200# tra ph lc 11 GTKCBTCT ta c o = 0,65
Tra ph lc 10 GTKCBTCT ta c A = Ao = 0,439
Din tch ct thp vng chu nn :
kn .nc .N.e mb .Rn .b.ho2 .Ao

Fa =
ma .Ra' (ho a' )
1.1,1.16340 .68 ,15 1.90.40.56 2 0,439

1,1.2100 .(56 4)
= - 31,06 cm2
Fa < 0
Mt khc : min.b.ho = 0,1%.40.56 = 2,24 (cm2)
Fa < min.b.ho ,ly Fa= 2,24 cm2
Phi tnh li A theo cng thc 4-19 trang 47 GTKCBTCT
kn .nc .N.e ma .Ra' .Fa' .(h0

A=
mb .Rn .b.ho2
=
a' )
1.1,1.16340.68,15 1,1.2100.2,24.(56 4)
= 0,085
1.90.40.56 2
Tra ph lc 10 GTKCBTCT ta c = 0,081 < 2a/h0

Fa =
1.1,1.16340.68,15
kn .nc .N.e'
=
= 10,2 cm2
1,1.2100.(56 4)
ma .Ra .(ho a' )
Chn v b tr ct thp:
Tra ph lc 12 GTKCBTCT ta c: 212 c Fa = 2,26 cm2
v 418 c Fa = 10,18 cm2

Kim tra sai s t-ng i:
Fa' ,bt Fa'

Fa' ,bt
2,26 2,24
= 0,88% 5%
2,26
107
Fa ,bt Fa
Fa ,bt
10,18 10,2
= - 0,2 % - 5%
10,18
Vy t yu cu b tr.
6.2.4. Mt ct 4-4
M = 506500 (kg.cm)
N= 6852 (kg)
y l tr-ng hp chu nn. Ta cn phi xc nh xem n l tr-ng hp nn
lch tm ln hay nn lch tm b.
1
kn .nc .N
l
1
.( o ) 2
400.mb .Rn .F h
Kn : tin cy cng trnh cp IV, tra ph lc 3 GTKCBTCT ta c Kn = 1,1
nc : L t hp ti trng c bn, tra ph lc 4 GTKCBTCT , nc = 1
mb : H s iu kin lm vic ca b tng tra ph lc 5 GTKCBTCT , mb = 1.
Rn : C-ng tnh ton nn dc ct, vi M200# tra ph lc2 GTKCBTCT ta c Rn
= 90 (kg/cm2)
h : Chiu cao ca tit din, h = 38 cm.
h0 : Chiu cao hu ch ca tit din, ho = h a = 38 4 = 34 cm.
F : Din tch tit din, F = b.h = 40.38 = 1520 (cm2 )
lo : Chiu di tnh ton ca tit din, lo = l.
l : Chiu di thc, l = 2 m
Vi tit din hai u ngm ta c = 0,5 ( theo GTKCBTCT sc bn vt liu trang
275)
lo = 2.0,5 = 1 m = 100 cm
: H s nh h-ng ca lc dc
1
= 1,001
1,1.1.6852
100 2
1
.(
)
400.1.90.1520 38
eo : lch tm ban u (cm)
eo =
M 506500
=
= 73,92 cm
N
6852
.eo = 1,001.73,92 = 73,994 cm

108
0,3ho = 0,3.34 = 10,2 cm
So snh .eo > 0,3ho , vy cu kin chu nn lch tm ln.
a : Khong cch t mp bin min chu ko n trng tm ct thp ( Fa).
Chn a = 4 cm
a: Khong cch t mp bin min chu ko n trng tm ct thp ( F a).
Chn a = 4 cm.
e : Khong cch t im t ca lc nn dc N n trng tm ct thp chu ko Fa
e = .eo + h/2 a
e = 73,994 + 60/2 4 = 99,994 cm
e: Khong cch t im t ca lc nn dc N n trng tm ct thp chu ko
Fa
e = .eo - h/2 a = 8,15 cm
Theo ph-ng trnh (4-13) v 4-14) trang 47 GTKCBTCT ta c l ph-ng trnh
cha 3 n, (x , Fa , Fa)
Chn x = o.ho, vi o = , A = Ao v m bo iu kin hn ch.
Vi loi thp CI, BTCT M200# tra ph lc 11 GTKCBTCT ta c o = 0,65
Tra ph lc 10 GTKCBTCT ta c A = Ao = 0,439
Din tch ct thp vng chu nn :
kn .nc .N.e mb .Rn .b.ho2 .Ao

Fa =
ma .Ra' (ho a' )
1.1,1.6852 .99,994 1.90.40.34 2 0,439

1,1.2100 .(34 4)
= - 15,49 cm2
Fa < 0
Mt khc : min.b.ho = 0,1%.40.56 = 2,24 (cm2)
Fa < min.b.ho ,ly Fa= 2,24 cm2
Phi tnh li A theo cng thc 4-19 trang 47 GTKCBTCT
kn .nc .N.e ma .Ra' .Fa' .(h0

A=
mb .Rn .b.ho2
=
a' )
1.1,1.6852.99,994 1,1.2100.2,24.(34 4)
= 0,144
1.90.40.342
Tra ph lc 10 GTKCBTCT ta c = 0,132 < 2a/h0
109
Fa =
1.1,1.6852.99,994
kn .nc .N.e'
=
= 10,87 cm2
1,1.2100.(34 4)
ma .Ra .(ho a' )
Chn v b tr ct thp:
Tra ph lc 12 GTKCBTCT ta c: 212 c Fa = 2,26 cm2
v 714 c Fa = 10,77 cm2
Kim tra sai s t-ng i:
Fa' ,bt Fa'

Fa' ,bt
2,26 2,24
= 0,88% 5%
2,26
Fa ,bt Fa
Fa ,bt
10,77 10,87
= - 0,93 % - 5%
10,77
Vy t yu cu b tr.
6.2.5. Ti mt ct 5-5 (ti vai ct)
tnh thp v tr ny ta coi n nh- mt ngm cng, v y l mt dm cng

xn. Biu momen y l bc nht c dng tam gic. T biu ta tnh ct
thp cn phi b tr .
Vi M = 420200 (kg.cm)
Cng trnh thuc cng trnh cp IV, BTCT M200#, thp loi CI
Bi ton ta cn kim tra xem nn t ct thp n hay kp.
p dng cng thc ( 3-11, trang 24 GTKCBTCT )
A=
kn .nc .M
mb .Rn .b.h02
Trong :
kn : tin cy cng trnh cp IV tra ph lc 3 GTKCBTCT , ta c kn = 1,1
nc : T hp ti trng c bn tra ph lc4 GTKCBTCT , nc = 1
mb : H s iu kin lm vic ca b tng tra ph lc 5 GTKCBTCT , ta c mb = 1.
Rn : C-ng tnh ton nn dc ct, vi M200# tra ph lc 2 GTKCBTCT , ta c
Rn = 90 (kg/cm2).
b : B dy tit din, b = 40 cm.
ho : Chiu cao hu ch ca tit din
h0 = h a = 94 4 = 90 (cm)
Vi h : Chiu cao tit din, h = 90 cm.`
110
a : Khong cch t mp bin ko n trng tm ct , ta chn a = 4 cm.
M : Momen do ti trng mt ct gy ra M = 420200 (kg.cm)
Vy ta c :
A=
1,1.1.420200
= 0,02
1.90.40.902
Vi ct thp CI, M200# tra ph lc 11 (GTKCBTCT ) ta c :

0 = 0,65 tra ph lc 10 (GTKCBTCT ) ta c A0 = 0,439
p dng cng thc (3-12) trang 24 GTKCBTCT ta c :
Fa =
mb .Rn .b.h0 .
ma .R a
Trong :
: Tra ph lc 10 (GTKCBTCT ) vi A = 0,02 ta c = 0,026 (ni suy)
ma : H s iu kin lm vic ca ct thp tra ph lc 8 (GTKCBTCT ),
ta c ma = 1,1
Rn : C-ng tnh ton ca ct thp CI tra ph lc 7 (GTKCBTCT ), ta c R n =
2100(kg/cm2)
Fa =
1.90.40.90.0,025
= 3,65 (cm2)
1,1.2100

Trong :
min = 0,1 % => Famin = 0,1%.40.90 = 3,6 (cm2)
Famax =
1.90.40.90.0,65
= 91,2 (cm2)
1,1.2100
Tra ph lc 12 GTKCBTCT ta chn 69 c Fa = 3,82 (cm2)
111
Fa ,bt Fa
Fa ,bt
3,82 3,65
= 4,45 % 5%
3,82

6.3. Kim tra kh nng chu lc sau khi b tr ct thp
Theo cng thc ( 4-34-trang 51 GTKCBTCT ), ta c :
kn .nc .N ma .Ra .Fa ma .Ra' .Fa'

x=
mb .Rn .b
Trong :
Fa : Din tch phn chu ko ca ct thp sau khi b tr, ng vi tng mt ct.
Fa : Din tch phn chu nn ca ct thp sau khi b tr, ng vi tng mt ct.
N : Lc dc ti mi mt ct .
Ra, Ra : Cng ca ct thp.
+ Ti mt ct 3-3
x=
1,1.1.16340 1,1.2100.10,2 1,1.2100.2,24

= 10,1 (cm)
1.90.40
C = 0,65
iu kin : 2a < x < .h0
2a = 8 (cm) < x < .h0 = 36,4 (cm)
Vy kim tra c-ng theo cng thc (4-14) trang 47 GTKCBTCT
Kn.nc.N.e mb.Rn.b.x.(h0 x/2) + ma.Ra.Fa.(h0 a)
Thay s vo ta c :
1,1.1.16340.68,15 1.90.40.10,1.( 56 10,1/2) + 1,1.2100.2,24.(56 4)
Suy ra 1224928,1 < 2121610,8
Vy ct thp b tr kh nng chu lc.
+ Tai mt ct 4-4
x=
1,1.1.6852 1,1.2100.10,87 1,1.2100.2,24

= 7,63 (cm)
1.90.40
x = 7,63 cm < 2a, kim tra theo cng thc (4-21) trang 49 GTKCBTCT
112
Fa
kn .nc .N.e'
ma .Ra .(h0 a' )
kn .nc .N.e'
1.1,1.6852.8,15
=
= 0,886 (cm2 )
ma .Ra .(h0 a' ) 1,1.2100.(34 4)
Fa = 10,87 (cm2) > 0,886 (cm2 )
Tho mn kh nng chu lc ng vi ct thp nh- b tr.
113
S b tr thp
114
Kt lun
Sau 14 tun lm n tt nghip, vi s n lc phn u ca bn thn v
d-i s h-ng dn t m, chu o, s gip tn tnh ca thy gio D-ng Thanh
L-ng v cc thy c gio trong b mn Trm Bm- Tr-ng i Hc Thu Li,
em hon thnh n tt nghip ca mnh vi ti : Thit k s b trm
bm t-i Vit Ho - Tnh Bc Giang.
Thi gian lm n tt nghip l mt dp tt em c iu kin h thng li
kin thc -c hc trong nm nm ti tr-ng v gip em bit cch p dng l
thuyt -c hc vo thc t, lm quen vi cng vic ca mt k s- thit k
chuyn nghnh chun b cho t-ng lai v gip em b ng khi b-c vo ngh
vi cng vic thc t ca mt k s- thu li sau ny.
y l n tt nghip s dng ti liu thc t cng trnh thu li v vn dng
tng hp cc kin thc hc. Mc d bn thn ht sc c gng nh-ng v iu
kin thi gian hn ch nn trong n em ch-a gii quyt -c ht cc tr-ng
hp trong thit k cn tnh, mt khc do kinh nghim thc t cn t, trnh cn
c hn ch nn trong n khng trnh khi cc thiu st. Em rt mong nhn
-c s ch bo, ng gp kin ca cc thy gio gip cho n ca em -c
hon chnh hn, t kin thc chuyn mn cng -c hon thin v nng cao.
Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio D-ng Thanh L-ng tn
tnh h-ng dn gip em hon thnh n ny. Em xin chn thnh cm n cc
thy c gio trong tr-ng i Hc Thu Li v c bit l cc thy c gio trong
khoa QH & QLHTCT nhng ng-i tn tm ging dy, trau di cho em c v
kin thc tri thc v o c trong sut nm nm hc tp v rn luyn ti tr-ng
em c -c nh- ngy hm nay v sau ny em c th tr thnh ng-i sng c
ch cho x hi.
115
Mc lc
Trang
M u ................................................................................................................... 1
Ch-ng I ......................................................................................................................
Tnh hnh chung ca h thng t-i khu t-i knh 4/3 .............................................. 2
1.1. iu kin t nhin .......................................................................................... 2
1.1.1. V tr a l, din tch .............................................................................. 2
1.1.2. a hnh, a th ...................................................................................... 2
1.1.3. Kh t-ng ................................................................................................ 2
1.1.4. Thu vn sng ngi ................................................................................. 3
1.1.5. Th nh-ng ............................................................................................. 3
1.1.6. a cht cng trnh .................................................................................. 4
1.1.7. Giao thng ............................................................................................... 4
1.1.8. Vt liu xy dng .................................................................................... 4
1.1.9. in ......................................................................................................... 4
1.2. iu kin dn sinh kinh t ............................................................................. 4
Ch-ng II ....................................................................................................................
Hin trng thu li v bin php cng trnh ............................................................. 5
2.1. hin trng h thng thu l ........................................................................... 5
2.1.1.Vn t-i ............................................................................................... 5
2.1.2. Tnh hnh tiu .......................................................................................... 8
2.2. nh gi nguyn nhn hn hn...................................................................... 8
2.2.1. Nguyn nhn th nht ............................................................................ 8
2.2.2. Nguyn nhn th hai .............................................................................. 8
2.3. bin php cng trnh thu li v nhim v trm bm u mi ...................... 9
Ch-ng III ...................................................................................................................
Tnh ton cc thng s c bn ................................................................................ 10
3.1. Xc nh v tr trm bm v b tr tng th cng trnh u mi. ................ 10
3.1.1. V tr xy dng cng trnh ..................................................................... 10
3.1.2. Chn tuyn cng trnh v hnh thc b tr ............................................ 10
3.2. Xc nh cp cng trnh , tn sut thit k ................................................... 12
3.3. Tnh ton xc nh cc yu t thu vn kh t-ng ....................................... 13
3.3.1. Ph-ng php tnh ton .......................................................................... 13
116
3.3.2. Tnh cc l-ng m-a thit k.................................................................. 15
3.3.3. Tnh cc mc n-c thit k tram p Cu............................................ 17
3.3.4. Tnh cc mc n-c thit k trm Phc Lc Ph-ng ............................. 18
3.4. Tnh ton l-u l-ng trm bm ..................................................................... 19
3.4.1. Tnh ton ch t-i cho la chim xun ............................................ 19
3.4.2. Tnh ton h s t-i .............................................................................. 25
3.4.2. Xc nh Qtk, Qmax, Qmin cho trm bm ................................................. 27
Ch-ng IV ...................................................................................................................
Tnh ton thit k trm bm .................................................................................... 29
4. 1. Tnh ton cc mc n-c. ............................................................................. 29
4.1.1. Xc nh qu trnh mc n-c sng thit k . ........................................ 29
4.1.2. Tnh mc n-c ln nht v nh nht (Zmax, Zmin). ................................. 30
4.2. Thit k knh dn knh tho. ....................................................................... 30
4.2.1. Thit k knh tho................................................................................. 30
4.2.2. Thit k knh dn. ................................................................................. 34
4.3. Tnh ton cc ct n-c ca trm bm .......................................................... 35
4.3.1. Tnh ct n-c thit k ca trm bm (Htk) ............................................ 35
4.3.2. Tnh ton ct n-c ln nht v nh nht ............................................... 37
4.3.3. Tnh ton ct n-c ln nht nh nht ng vi tn sut kim tra ........... 38
4.4. Chn my bm v ng c ......................................................................... 39
4.4.1. Chn my bm chnh ............................................................................ 39
4.4.2. Kim tra ng c i km ...................................................................... 47
4.5. Thit k nh my.......................................................................................... 48
4.5.1. Chn nh my bm ............................................................................... 48
4.5.2. Cu to chung ton nh my ................................................................. 49
4.5.3. Cu to chi tit v kch th-c nh my ................................................. 49
4.5.4. Xc nh kch th-c ca nh my - ng y - b ht - b tho ............ 56
4.6. Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ni tip vi nh my ............................... 59
4.6.1. ng y ................................................................................................. 59
4.6.2. Thit k b tho ..................................................................................... 62
4.7. Tnh ton, thit k s b cc h thng thit b ph trong nh my .............. 66
4.7.1. H thng tiu n-c trong nh my........................................................ 66
117
4.7.2. H thng bm n-c k thut ................................................................. 70
4.7.3. H thng cha chy .............................................................................. 74
4.7.4. H thng thng gi trong nh my ....................................................... 75
4.8. Thit k s b h thng in ........................................................................ 79
4.8.1. Chn s u dy h thng in ........................................................ 79
4.8.2. Chn my bin p cho nh my ............................................................ 79
4.8.3. Tnh ton thit k h thng in h p .................................................. 81
Ch-ng V ....................................................................................................................
Tnh ton kinh t ..................................................................................................... 86
5.1. tnh ton chi ph xy dng cng trnh .......................................................... 86
5.1.1. Tnh khi l-ng xy dng ..................................................................... 86
5.1.2. Tnh chi ph xy dng cng trnh .......................................................... 92
5.2. nh gi hiu qu kinh t ca d n ............................................................ 95
5.2.1. nh gi li ch ca d n .................................................................... 96
5.2.2. Xc nh cc ch tiu hiu qu .............................................................. 96
5.2.3. Kt lun ................................................................................................. 97
118

TK TramBom

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

TK TramBom

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Ch-ng 1 : Tnh hnh chung ca h thng t-i khu t-i knh 4/3

Tnh hnh chung ca h thng t-i

Vng d n nm pha Nam huyn Vit Yn, tnh Bc Giang bao gm t

a hnh khu vc thuc a hnh trung du, c:

- Cao cao nht: +6.5

- Cao thp nht: +2,0

- H-ng dc t Bc xung Nam, t ni Con Voi v knh 4/3 (cao

- T thng VII n thng IX l nhng thng c bo hoc p thp nhit i,

Sng Cu l ngun n-c t-i v tiu ca khu vc. Sng Cu bt ngun t

Rung t trong vng phn ln l t bc mu trn nn ph sa c c thnh

1.1.6. a cht cng trnh

Trong khu vc c -ng quc l 1A chy qua v -ng lin huyn ni t

- Gch c th mua t l sn xut gch ca t- nhn trong vng

Trong khu vc c -ng dy cao th 35Kv chy qua.

Hin trng thu li v bin php cng trnh

1. Tnh hnh t-i

- Trm bm Trc Ni t-i khong:

- Trm bm Vit Ho t-i khong :

Din tch cn li cui knh 4/3 khng -c t-i, b hn v khu vc ny

100, c my ng m v ca van, hin

- Knh 4/3 l knh t, c chiu di 7,5 km, nhim v thit k ban u l

Cao trnh y b ht:

+ Cng ly n-c qua :

Khu t-i knh 4/3 -c cp bi 3 ngun n-c:

- Knh 4/3 xung cp nhiu, nhiu on b l ni bi lp, n-c tn tht trn

tnh ton cc thng s c bn

Trm bm Vit Ho mi -c xy dng ngay bn cnh trm bm c. Vy v tr

1. Chn tuyn cng trnh

Cc yu t thu vn kh t-ng cn tnh ton y gm cc l-ng m-a thit k

Chm cc im (P, Xp) ln giy tn sut v ni cc im li -c -ng tn sut

1. Tnh tn sut cc l-ng m-a.

Phn phi m-a v P = 75%

3.3.3. Tnh cc mc n-c thit k tram p Cu

1. Tnh tn sut cc mc n-c

Tra trn -ng tn sut l lun H1

c- Phn phi mc n-c v: Hv.

Cao trnh mc n-c (cm)

3.3.4. Tnh cc mc n-c thit k trm Phc Lc Ph-ng

1. Tnh tn sut cc mc n-c

3. Phn phi H 75vu%

Cao trnh mc n-c (cm)

3.4. Tnh ton l-u l-ng trm bm

min Bc n-c ta, ch canh tc gieo cy la th-ng l ch lm i, tc l

su tng t canh tc H = 0.45 (m).

Cng thc t-i

2,45 2,56 2,85 3,58 5,2

5,18 5,44 4,74 4,6

3,94 3,22 2,67

) = 10.0,43.450.(1- 0,4) = 1161 (m3/ha).

W2: L-ng n-c cn to thnh lp n-c mt rung (m3/ha).

K1: Tc ngm ht cui n v thi gian th nht (mm/ ngy).

Chn tb=3 ngy.

W4: L-ng bc hi mt n-c t do.

Ph-ng trnh ny vit cho su v tnh ton cho tng ngy.

hmin, hmax : Xc nh theo cng thc t-i tng sn:

H s t-i l h l-u l-ng cn cung cp cho 1 n v din tch (1 ha) k

Mc t-i(m3/ha) H s t-i q(l/s-ha)

2. Hiu chnh gin h s t-i

Hiu chnh h s t-i.

H s t-i q(l/sMc t-i(m3/ha)

3. Chn h s t-i thit k

1. Chn l-u l-ng thit k : Qtk

: H s li dng n-c ca h thng,