Outline of content

Temporal fossa Boundary Content Infratemporal fossa Communication Pterygopalatine fossa Terminal branches of external carotid artery Pterygoid venous plexus Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Chorda tympani and otic ganglion
Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Temporal fossa
Depression in the lateral skull, above zygomatic arch and infratemporal crest of sphenoid bone

Bounded by
Processes of frontal & zygomatic bones superior temporal line Supramastoid crest Zygomatic arch

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Temporal fossa
Floor
Parietal bone
Frontal Sphenoid Parietal

Temporal

Frontal bone Greater wing of sphenoid bone Squamous part of temporal bone

Pterion :
A thin-boned area on lateral side of head, where those 4 bones articulate Clinical landmark overlies anterior branch of middle meningeal artery, within skull

Maxilla

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Pterion

about 4 cm from zygomatic arch about 3 cm from zygomatic frontal bone landmark for frontal / anterior branch of middle meningeal artery
Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Pterion
Trauma to the pterion can lead to tearing of the meningeal branches of the middle meningeal arteries. The middle meningeal vessels lie between the dura mater and the periosteum of the internal aspect of the skull. The build up of blood in this extradural space may lead to:
brain shift away from hematoma compress against midbrain and displace downward through opening of tentorium compress vasculature of midbrain and reticular formation decrease level of consciousness untreated hemorrhage may cause death in a few hour

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Contents of temporal fossa

Skin & superficial fascia Auricularis muscles (anterior, superior & posterior) Auriculotemporal nerve & zygomaticotemporal nerve Superficial temporal vessels Temporal & parietal branches of facial nerve Temporal fascia
(Intermediate temporal vessels)

Temporal muscle Deep temporal vessels

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Contents of temporal fossa

superficial temporal vls auriculotemporal br of CN V3 zygomaticotemporal br of CN V2

5 branches of facial nerve

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Contents of temporal fossa

temporal fascia temporal muscle

deep temporal vessels deep temporal branch (SVE & GSA) of CN V3

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Temporal fascia

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Transverse Sections of Head

A B

B
Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Transverse & Coronal Sections of Head

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Communication of Temporal Fossa

Communicate with infratemporal fossa Interval between
Zygomatic arch, laterally Infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone, medially Temporal muscle pass downward to insert coronoid process of mandible

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Infratemporal fossa
Irregular space below temporal fossa
Inferior to zygomatic arch Medial to ramus of mandible Posterior to maxilla

Boundary
Lateral mandible Medial sphenoid bone Roof sphenoid bone Anterior maxilla Posterior - free

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Infratemporal fossa
Contents
Lower part of temporal muscle Medial & lateral pterygoid muscles Maxillary artery & vein Pterygoid venous plexus Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Chorda tympani CN VII Otic ganglion CN IX

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Infratemporal fossa
Contents
Lower part of temporal muscle Medial & lateral pterygoid muscles Maxillary artery & vein Pterygoid venous plexus Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Chorda tympani CN VII Otic ganglion CN IX

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Coronal Sections of Head

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Maxillary artery
Terminal branch of external carotid artery 3 parts related to lateral pterygoid muscle
Mandibular part Pterygoid part Pterygopalatine part

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Pterygoid venous plexus

Network of vein in infratemporal fossa, surrounding maxillary artery Situate between temporal and external pterygoid muscles, partly between 2 pterygoid muscles Receives numerous veins corresponding with branches of maxillary artery

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Tributaries

Pterygoid Venous Plexus

Maxillary vein (& superficial temporal vein) Retromandibular vein

Cavernous sinus Facial vein

(& facial vein) Common facial vein

(& posterior auricular vein)

External jugular vein Internal jugular vein Subclavian vein

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Pterygoid venous plexus

Continuous with
Cavernous venous sinus Veins of orbit Veins of superficial face These connections have clinical importance,
Veins of head, including pterygoid venous sinus, do not have valve Thus infection may spread from face to cavernous sinus
Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve

Formed by union of sensory and motor roots
Motor fiber to muscles derived from first pharyngeal arch

Exit cranial cavity, through foramen ovale

Undivided trunk Anterior division
Long buccal nerve

Posterior division
Lingual nerve Inferior alveolar nerve Auriculotemporal nerve

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Undivided trunk of CN V3

Meningeal branch, enter foramen spinosum Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle, Nerve to tensor palatine muscle Nerve to tensor tympani muscle

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Branches of anterior division of CN V3

Masseter nerve Deep temporal nerves Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle Long buccal nerve

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Branches of posterior division of CN V3

Lingual nerve
supply floor of mouth, lingual gingiva, ant 2/3 tongue

& chordae tympani

taste (ant.2/3 of tongue) submandibular ganglion

Inferior alveolar nerve

mylohyoid branch inferior dental branch
incisive branch mental branch

Auriculotemporal nerve
parotid branch articular branch anterior auricular branch superficial temporal branch
Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Chorda tympani (CN VII) & Otic ganglion (CN IX)

Otic ganglion
parasympathetic ganglion of CN IX; supply parotid gland

Chorda tympani
taste fiber (SVA) from ant 2/3 of tongue parasympathetic fiber (GVE) to submandibular ganglion
supply sublingual & submandibular salivary glands
Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Communications of Infratemporal Fossa

Temporal fossa Cranial fossa : foramen ovale & foramen spinosum Orbital cavity : inferior orbital fissure Pterygopalatine fossa : pterygomaxillary fissure Posterior superior alveolar canal

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Pterygopalatine (or sphenopalatine) Fossa

Small pyramidal space, inferior to apex of orbit Between pterygoid process of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla Medial wall - vertical plate of palatine bone Lateral - pterygomaxillary fissure Roof - greater wing of sphenoid bone Floor pyramidal process of palatine bone

Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Contents of Pterygopalatine Fossa

Third part of maxilllary artery & its branches Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve Pterygopalatine (or sphenopalatine) ganglion
Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University

Communications of Pterygopalatine Fossa

Infratemporal fossa : pterygomaxillary fissure Nasal cavity : sphenopalatine foramen Orbital cavity : inferior orbital fissure Oral cavity : palatine canal Cranial cavity : foramen rotundum Pharynx : pterygoid canal
Wanida Sripairojthikoon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University