Literature Review Many accidents and incidents that occurred in the workplace in Malaysia especially in the building construction

sites were due to inadequate adherence of workers to work procedures [C.R. CHE HASSAN*, O.J. BASHA, W.H. WAN HANAFI 2007] ( Rawshan Ara Begum, Chamhuri Siwar, Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Abdul Hamid Jaafar 2009). Safer behaviour and awareness is reflected by good attitude of workers. The workers in the building construction sites are lack of awareness and perception towards safety, health and their working environment cause many accidents and incidents which can harm their safety. It is important to increase awareness on safe work culture and also enhance the knowledge on the causes and how to prevent accidents in manufacturing industries. (Ramesh Kumar 2010) stated that if we know the causes of accident and we will be able to create some factors to prevent accidents happen. He suggested management role is very important in provide safety rules to employees in workplace, keeping up-to-date with safety matters and also managements participation of safety authorities in risk assessment. According to (Yule, S. 2008) safety culture can be measured by qualitative methods, quantitative methods. Qualitative methods are referring to interviews, focus groups, audits and expert ratings. However, quantitative methods such as questionnaires are rejected because it contain inappropriate data collections as the result of questionnaires are open to misinterpretation and researcher-bias that will affect the accurateness of the data. So, if the results are not accurate, safety culture will be affected which will decrease safety conditions at the workplace. Providing a safe and health workplace is one of the most effective strategies for minimizing cost of doing construction business (Ahmadon Bakri 2006). Accidents that happen frequently and property losses create great impact to construction company. So, in order to solve this problem it is necessary for all construction companies to provide a safe working environment for their workers. Therefore, rules and legislation must be created to protect worker safety and ensuring healthy working environment. For logistics workers in Malaysia, accidents frequencies is due to low awareness of workers due to cultural or education background (Au Yong Hui Nee, Suhaiza Hanim, Lilis Surienty 2011). In Malaysia those employers like to hire foreign workers due to cheap labour wages but they usually neglect the awareness and education problem. This shows that many

logistics companies fail in recruitment because they want to minimize cost but forget the important of safety and health. Working environment factors such as temperature and relative humidity also will affect safety and health in workplace (A.R. Ismail, M. R. A. Rani, Z. K. M. Makhbul, M. J. M. Nor, and M. N. A. Rahman 2009). Actually there is a very close relationship between workers and surroundings that produces physiological and psychological strain on workers. This can lead to discomfort, annoyance, subtle, and direct affects on performance and productivity, affects on health and safety and death. Any female and male workers who work in manufacturing plant are having equally significant for injury rates. (Saad Mohd Said, Fatimah Said and Zairihan Abdul Halim 2012). Either male or female production workers who directly perform the operation in the plants and have a direct contact with machinery and equipments will facing a high risk of injury. Many people said that female workers are more careful than male workers but in manufacturing industry it is different. Poor working attitude, inadequate knowledge and experience, and poor supervision by the management are among the factors that place them into accidental risks. Therefore, improved training programs and enforcement of compliant safety regulations should be the priorities by both the employees and employers (Zakaria, Zaherawati; Hussin, Zaliha Hj; Noordin, Nazni; Zakaria, Zuriawati 2010) They said that negligence caused by drinking or drugs taken caused accidents to happen. Alcohol and drugs may affect their performance in workplace. It might cause death and accident in to workplace. If this issues did not handle very well by the workers and employers will give bad results to the organization, as the injuries and death will increased. (T. Michael Toole, P.E., M.ASCE 2002) stated lack of proper training causes employee was not properly trained in recognizing and avoiding job hazards will make them not using provided equipment safely will cause construction accidents. Training and education can increase awareness among workers and they will have knowledge and experience to handle unforeseen risk and danger when working. (M.Spilka and A. Kania 2010) felt that implementation of the occupational health and safety management system should be directed on elimination of threats causing the industrial accidents and occupational diseases. System activities conducted in the analyzed enterprise have the significant influence on the improvement of industrial safety conditions. The system

also brought the company many advantages which is identifying areas which require improvements. Systematic monitoring and prevention are assumptions of a model of the management system based on continuous improvement idea. .