Epsl 0605 104 Ceru

Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Organizations
Eighth Annual Report 2005-2006

by Alex Molnar David R. Garcia Margaret Bartlett Adrienne ONeill
Commercialism in Education Research Unit (CERU) Education Policy Studies Laboratory College of Education Division of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies Box 872411 Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-2411
May 2006
EPSL |
EDUCATION POLICY STUDIES LABORATORY
Commercialism in Education Research Unit
EPSL-0605-104-CERU
http://edpolicylab.org
Education Policy Studies Laboratory Division of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies College of Education, Arizona State University P.O. Box 872411, Tempe, AZ 85287-2411 Telephone: (480) 965-1886 Fax: (480) 965-0303 E-mail: epsl@asu.edu http://edpolicylab.org
Table of Contents
Introduction....1 Summary. 28 Large Company Profiles.....34 Medium Company Profiles.....110 Small Company Profiles..... 120 Virtual Schools......149 Appendix A: Readers Guide 154 Appendix B: Special Notes on Company Profiles.. 156 Appendix C: No Longer Profiled Companies...161 Appendix D: Methods. 163 Appendix E: National Average Enrollments.166
Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Organizations: 2005-2006 Introduction

The principal conclusion to be drawn from data in the Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Organizations: 2005-2006 is that after several years of growth, the EMO industry appears to be entering a period of reconfiguration. In this years Profiles, the number of companies listed and the number of schools they manage are down slightly; student enrollment in EMO-managed schools remains steady. These data, however, are primarily driven by what is happening to smaller firms, particularly in Arizona. Thus, despite slight declines in numbers, this is not an industry in decline so much as one in transition. An EMO, or Education Management Organization, is a for-profit firm that manages a school receiving public funds, including a conventional district public school or a publicly-funded charter school. Schools managed by the EMOs tracked in this report operate under the same admissions rules as regular public schools. The Profiles do not cover for-profit private schools, including those that may receive public funds under tuition voucher programs such as those that operate in Milwaukee, Cleveland, the District of Columbia, or until recently in the state of Florida.
Findings for 2005-2006

The Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Organizations: 2005-2006 is the eighth edition of this report. It identifies a total of 51 companies, down 13 percent
from the 2004-2005 Profiles, which identified 59. The number of schools managed by these firms is down 2.6 percent, to 521, from the 535 in the 2004-2005 edition. Although the number of companies is down 13 percent and the number of managed schools is down 2.6 percent, the enrollments in EMO-managed schools remain steady.1 The number of states in which the companies operate, however, is up: 29, compared with 25 in 2004-2005. Since 1999, the Profiles report has tracked the number of EMOs and the number of schools they manage; it started tracking the annual total enrollments in EMO-managed schools in 2001 (Table 1).
Page 2 of 167
Table 1: Number of Companies, Schools, and States, and Annual Enrollment Totals Profiled by Year Number of Schools Number of Managed by Companies Profiled Profiled Companies 13 20 21 36 54 51 59 51 135 230 285 368 406 463 535 521 Number of Students Enrolled by Profiled Companies N/A* N/A* N/A* 142,709 189,199 200,403 239,766** 237,179 Number of States in Which Profiled Companies Operate 15 21 22 25*** 26*** 29*** 25*** 29***
School Year
1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006
*Enrollment data was not tracked in the first three years of the Profiles report. **The 2004-2005 total annual enrollment was an estimated figure. ***This includes the District of Columbia.
Page 3 of 167
The steady annual enrollment data along with the declines in number of EMO firms and in number of schools they manage reflect three possible developments, none of which are mutually exclusive. One source of decline may be consolidation in the EMO industry. The report documents a merger between two firms and an acquisition that resulted in the name change of a third. A second source arises from specific circumstances in Arizona. The U.S. Department of Education Office of the Inspector Generals 2003 audit concluded that for-profit charter schools in Arizona did not qualify as public schools eligible for federal special education or Title I funds.2 While the states Department of Education filed suit in 2005 seeking restoration of the funding, 3 a number of charter-school firms apparently responded by restructuring themselves as not-forprofits or establishing nonprofit boards.4 In October 2005 a federal judge upheld the U.S. Department of Educations position denying federal aid to for-profit charters in Arizona.5 A third factor may be that firms are shifting business models. The growth in demand for supplemental services such as operating summer schools, providing afterschool tutoring, and advising schools and districts on ways to ensure compliance with the requirements for Adequate Yearly Progress required by the No Child Left Behind Act may be leading some firms to move into these fields and away from school management. This is the case with Edison Schools, an EMO-industry leader discussed later in this introduction.
The Definition and Scope of EMOs

EMOs typically operate schools under contracts issued either by school districts or by other groups authorized to hold charters. For more than a decade public school systems around the country, often under pressure from legislators, governors, or business
Page 4 of 167
leaders, have been experimenting with contracting out certain school management functions to private companies. While this practice has created a market for EMOs, the larger engine of EMO growth has been state charter school laws. Although charter schools are public schools operated with public funds, they are generally established by organizations independent of a school district and are given greater freedom in their dayto-day operations in return for achieving certain specified outcomes. Charter holders may include groups of parents, teachers, or both; academic institutions; and nonprofit or other organizations. Although not foreseen by early charter school advocates, it has become common for charter holders to hire EMOs to manage charter schools on their behalf. Charter schools continue to account for the bulk of EMO contracts. Of the 521 public schools managed by EMOs in this edition of the Profiles report, 438 (84%) are charter schools. This is down slightly from the 86 percent recorded in the 2004-2005 edition. Table 2: Breakdown of U.S. Charter Schools and Those Managed by EMOs All School Levels 2004-2005 Number of Charter Schools** Number of Charter Schools Managed by EMOs Percentage of Charter Schools Managed by EMOs Number of Charter Schools Managed by Large EMOs Percentage of Charter Schools Managed by Large EMOs 2,010 436 21.7% 336 16.7% 2005-2006 2,319 438 18.8% 347 15.0%
Note: Non-charter schools are not included in these data. Virtual charter and virtual non-charter schools are not included in these data. **The number of U.S. charter schools was taken from the U.S. Department of Educations Common Core of Data.
Page 5 of 167
Table 3: U.S. Charter Schools by School Level Primary 20042005 Number of Charter Schools** Number of Charter Schools Managed by EMOs Percentage of Charter Schools Managed by EMOs Number of Charter Schools Managed by Large EMOs Percentage of Charter Schools Managed by Large EMOs 965 257 26.7% 214 22.2% 20052006 1,054 256 24.3% 213 20.2% Middle 20042005 177 12 6.8% 8 4.5% 20052006 221 9 4.1% 7 3.2% 20042005 558 96 17.2% 67 12.0% High 20052006 542 96 17.7% 62 11.4% Other* 20042005 310 71 22.9% 47 15.2% 20052006 502 77 15.3% 60 12.0%
Note: Non-charter schools are not included in these data. Virtual charter and virtual non-charter schools are not included in these data. *The U.S. Department of Education defines other schools as schools that do not fall within the grade-level configurations of primary school, middle school, or high school. For definitions of school levels, see Appendix D. **The number of U.S. charter schools was taken from the U.S. Department of Educations Common Core of Data.
Page 6 of 167
As Table 2 indicates, there are 309 more charter schools at all levels in 2005-2006 than in 2004-2005. Two more charter schools, however, are managed by EMOs in the current year compared with the previous year. Additionally, the EMOs market share of charters schools has declined. While they managed more than 21 percent of schools in 2004-2005, they manage slightly less than 19 percent in 2005-2006. In short, the EMO industry has not kept pace with the overall growth of charter schools. Finally, Table 3 shows that both EMOs in general and large EMOs (those that manage 10 or more schools) in particular are more heavily represented in the management of primary schools. EMOs manage one in four charter schools, and large EMOs manage one in five. For some EMOs, however, managing schools actually is a shrinking segment of their business. This is clearly seen in the case of Edison Schools. The companys website includes the statement, Edison Schools Inc. estimates that in the 2005-06 school year it will serve more than 330,000 public school students in 25 states, the District of Columbia, and the UK.6 The company, however, includes in that number its entire range of business lines: whole school management partnerships with districts and charter schools, summer and after-school programs, and achievement management solutions for school systems. 7 Meanwhile, the data collected for this report show Edison-managed schools enroll 59,701 students, less than one-fifth of the number of students they report to serve. It is also worth noting that Edison is one of the few EMOs for which charter schools represent less than half of its public-school-management business43 charters out of a total of 101, or just over 42 percent.
Page 7 of 167
Factors Shaping the Industry

Federal and state school accountability measures continue to help promote the growth of charter schools of all kinds. The growth of charter schools in turn sustains a market for the services of EMOs that manage them. At the federal level, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) mandates that public schools failing to reach prescribed levels of achievement overall and for sub-populations of students may be subject to a variety of sanctions, including but not limited to orders to reorganize as charter schools or to turn management functions over to outside contractors. Many state laws also encourage the creation of charter schools. The Center for Education Reform reported in November 2005 that there were more than 3,600 charter schools in 40 states and the District of Columbia.8 A belief in the benefit of market competition as a means of enforcing accountability underlies the promotion of EMOs both as charter school managers and as managers of District Schools. Charter-school advocates see their proffered solution as prodding district public schools to improve, or risk losing students. Supporters of EMOs as school managers suggest that when hiring outside contractors that can be fired for poor performance, school management can be held more directly accountable for results.
The EMO Record

Reports on charter school effectiveness have been mixed and do not always clearly differentiate charters run by local or national nonprofits from those run by forprofit companies. A recent RAND Corp. brief on California charter schools found that in that state, charter schools generally perform on par with traditional public schools, but
Page 8 of 167
they have not closed the achievement gap for minorities and have not had the expected competitive effects on traditional public schools.9 Another RAND Corp. report in October 2005 concluded that charter schools may help prompt positive and significant effects on student scores in reading and math at nearby public schools. The RAND study, in cooperation with researchers at the University of Tennessee and Texas A&M University, examined eight years of test-score data of individual Texas students, and tracked changes in scores following the introduction of charter schools.10 Neither report, however, offered specific performance data on charters affiliated with for-profit firms. A variety of press reports continue to call into question the idea that charter schools, particularly those managed by for-profit EMOs, are more accountable and therefore can produce better results. Additionally, while EMO firms continue to sign new management contracts with charters, other schools are, for a variety of reasons, canceling their contracts. For example, the board of trustees at Seven Hills Charter School in Worcester, MA, decided in April 2005 to sever their contract with Edison Schools, opting instead for what the trustees chairman Carlton Watson called an independent, community-based management structure.11 An Edison-run charter school in Washington, D.C., the Southeast Academy of Scholastic Excellence, had its charter revoked by the D.C. Public Charter School Board for failure to improve student academic performance.12 In Rochester, NY, the mayor sought a state investigation and audit of the Edison-managed Charter School of Science and Technology. Mayor William A. Johnson Jr. said the school, which had received more than $50 million in state funds over five years, had spent hundreds of thousands of dollars that were not accounted for. Moreover, the mayor said, the schools 2005 closingafter Edison only two years earlier
Page 9 of 167
named it as one of its top 16 exemplary performing schoolsraised serious questions about oversight of the school.13 Against this backdrop of continued controversy over Edison, RAND released in October 2005 a report Edison commissioned more than two years previously. The report, although couched in phrases favorable to Edison, reported uncertainty about whether Edison Schools performance was comparable or superior to matched comparison schools.14 Reports of financial troubles and losses at various schools managed by EMOs suggest that some for-profit EMOs are struggling to live up to the expectations of delivering better achievement results at lower costs. Charter Schools USA, for example, reported in February 2005 that it had lost $1.4 million managing four schools in Lee County, FL. The shortfalls led the company to hold back payment of $24,349 in food service bills and another $5,662 for utilities on four schools it managed. The county school district deducted unpaid bills from state funds that it passed through to the charters.15 One outcome of this sort of difficulty has been a new theme in charter school policy discussion: the assertion that charter schools are inadequately funded compared with district schools. Charter school advocate John Danner of Florida State University argues, for instance, that Charters are under-funded by current legislation, producing as a consequence inequities for the charter students relative to students in other public schools.16
Page 10 of 167
Virtual Schools: The Growing Edge

So-called virtual schools that teach children online continue to expand. Various models for such arrangements exist, but the ones that appear to be growing currently rely on partnerships between for-profit firms and the local school districts with which they contract. A Center for Education Reform representative stated that 147 online schools operate in 18 states and enroll more than 65,000 students.17 Political support for virtual schools has been uneven. A virtual school proposal was approved in Oregon in early 2005.18 Under a relationship between Connections Academy and the Scio School Board near Salem, OR, the program employs both online materials and textbooks and other printed materials sent to the students homes. Teaching is delivered by parents, who are in contact with district teachers for feedback and guidance, according to the programs organizers. The school has a student-teacher ratio of about 50 to 1.19 As with a number of other virtual schools around the country, including Wisconsin, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, the Oregon Connections Academy is headquartered at a rural school. The common practice suggests that such schools may be turning to this kind of arrangement at least in part to raise revenues as demographic changes otherwise drain their traditional student populations. Connections Academy filed applications in Indiana to establish two virtual schools in 2005,20 but proposals were delayed by regulatory concerns, primarily over how such schools would track attendance as required by state law.21 In Arkansas, a second attempt to permit state funding of online charter schools was defeated in April 2005.22 Virtual school firms at times have run afoul of state laws governing them. In
Page 11 of 167
Ohio, for example, the state Department of Education reported in June 2005 that an undisclosed number of students enrolled in Internet-based charter schools had not taken required state achievement tests. An official of one school told the Akron Beacon Journal that as many as 82 percent of his schools students had not taken the tests in the 2003-2004 school year.23
Questionable Relationships
At times, the propriety of relationships between for-profit firms and the government agencies that fund and oversee them have raised questions. Historically the EMO industry has enjoyed a significant amount of influence in the writing of state charter school legislation that in turn sets the terms under which EMOs may operate in the state. A similar development has occurred in the area of virtual schools. The forprofit virtual EMOs K12 Inc. and Connections Academy worked with the American Legislative Exchange Council, a national organization of state legislators that seeks to advance conservative public policy programs, to draft model legislation governing virtual charter schools.24 At individual firms, stories of mismanagement and financial troubles continue to emerge. For instance, management turmoil at Imagine Schools, Inc.the firm changed ownership three times in four yearswas blamed for the failure in 2005 of the Central New York Charter School for Math and Science, according to former staff members.25 While promising curriculum assistance, staff development, marketing, and other services in its contract with the school, Imagines actual work diminished, a school official told the Syracuse (N.Y.) Post-Standard. At the same time, however, Imagine Schools contracted fees rose to $475,616 for the 2004-2005 academic year. The school stopped
Page 12 of 167
paying fees as of March 30, cutting the company off at $356,715 for the year.26 The problematic nature of involving a for-profit, private corporation in the delivery of public services is evident in another respect. Charter Schools USA in June 2005 threatened parents of children attending one of its charter schools with a lawsuit for libel and defamation because of complaints the parents posted on an Internet discussion board about the school.27 Supreme Court rulings give public officials very narrow grounds to sue for libel, but this threat succeeded in one respect; the discussion forum where the critical comments originated was shut down.28
EMOs, School Levels and School Size

The data on EMOs present a picture of an industry that increasingly is focused on the primary grades. As Tables 4 and 5 indicate, primary-level students account for 310,826 out of a total of 682,050 charter school enrollees, or 45.6 percent of all charter school enrollees. Of the 171,168 students attending EMO-managed charter schools, however, primary-level children account for 112,746 enrollees, or 65.8 percent of the total enrollment in EMO-managed charter schools. Of charter students in general, 36.3 percent at the primary level are enrolled in EMO-managed primary schools, compared with 5.7 percent in EMO-managed middle schools, 21.1 percent in EMO-managed high schools and 25.1 percent in EMO-managed schools that do not conform to traditional grade-level configurations.
Page 13 of 167
Table 4: Enrollment in U.S. Charter Schools and Those Managed by EMOs All School Levels 2004-2005 Number of Students Enrolled in All Charter Schools* Number of Students Enrolled in Charter Schools Managed by EMOs Percentage of Students Enrolled in Charter Schools Managed by EMOs Number of Students Enrolled in Charter Schools Managed by Large EMOs Percentage of Students Enrolled in Charter Schools Managed by Large EMOs 565,648 2005-2006 682,050
175,350
171,169
31.0%
25.1%
148,031
143,407
26.2%
21.0%
Note: Non-charter schools are not included in these data. Virtual charter and virtual non-charter schools are not included in these data. *The enrollment for U.S. charter schools was taken from the U.S. Department of Educations Common Core of Data.
Page 14 of 167
Table 5: U.S. Charter School Enrollment by School Level Primary 20042005 Number of Students Enrolled in All Charter Schools** Number of Students Enrolled in Charter Schools Managed by EMOs Percentage of Students Enrolled in Charter Schools Managed by EMOs Number of Students Enrolled in Charter Schools Managed by Large EMOs Percentage of Students Enrolled in Charter Schools Managed by Large EMOs 277,240 20052006 310,826 Middle 20042005 43,768 20052006 53,338 20042005 119,999 High 20052006 132,676 Other* 20042005 124,641 20052006 185,210
114,591
112,746
3,215
3,037
30,309
28,005
27,235
27,381
41.3%
36.3%
7.3%
5.7%
25.3%
21.1%
21.9%
14.8%
102,165
99,865
2,111
2,391
25,047
22,198
18,708
18,953
36.9%
32.1%
4.8%
4.5%
20.9%
16.7%
15.0%
10.2%
Note: Non-charter schools are not included in these data. Virtual charter and virtual non-charter schools are not included in these data. *The U.S. Department of Education defines other schools as schools that do not fall within the grade-level configurations of primary school, middle school, or high school. For definitions of school levels, see Appendix D. **The number of U.S. charter schools was taken from the U.S. Department of Educations Common Core of Data.
Page 15 of 167
Comparisons of these data with the statistics previously reported in Tables 2 and 3 show that schools managed by EMOs are collectively larger than other charter schools. EMOs manage slightly less than one in five schools (18.8%, Table 2), yet the schools they manage enroll one in four students (25.1%, Table 4)a mathematical impossibility unless the EMO-managed charter schools are larger than the charter schools they do not manage. The concentration of enrollment in EMO-managed primary schools is even greater. While nearly one in four charter primary schools are under EMO management, more than one in three charter primary school students are enrolled in an EMO-managed school (24.3%, Table 3). This is possible only if the schools themselves are larger (36.3%, Table 5). Finally, the same trends show themselves in the case of large EMOs. Large EMOs manage one in five charter primary schools (20.2%, Table 3), but their schools enroll nearly one in three primary students (32.1%, Table 5). Large EMOs tend to manage larger than average charter and district schools. As indicated in Table 6, which focuses on all charter schools, students enrolled in charter schools operated by eight of the 12 large EMOs have better than a 50-percent chance of being enrolled in a larger-than-average charter school. For students enrolled in a National Heritage Academies charter school, the chance of being enrolled in an aboveaverage-sized school is 100 percent; for those enrolled in charter schools managed Charter Schools USA and for Imagine Schools, the chance is 94.6 percent.
Page 16 of 167
Table 6: Percentage of Large EMO Charter School Students Who Attend Schools with Enrollments Above the Average U.S. Charter School Enrollment Large EMOs National Heritage Academies Charter Schools USA Imagine Schools Charter School Administrative Services White Hat Management Mosaica Schools The Leona Group Helicon Associates Edison Schools Victory Schools Richard Milburn High Schools, Inc. The Planagement Group 2004-2005 Percentage 96.5* 94.5 92.4 83.3 87.0 85.0 78.1 63.9 45.9 26.8 56.2 0 2005-2006 Percentage 100 94.6 94.6 88.0 79.5 76.8 74.0 70.8 46.1 26.3 17.8 0
Note: Non-charter schools are not included in these data. Virtual charter and virtual non-charter schools are not included in these data. * One school, Valor Campus of Detroit School of Industrial Arts (a charter primary school managed by National Heritage Academies), has unknown enrollment. Its enrollment is missing from these data.
Table 7 indicates similar patterns in the case of large EMOs operating charter primary schools. Primary school students enrolled in charter schools managed by four out of the 12 large EMOs have greater than a 50-percent chance of being enrolled in a larger-than-average school. Primary school students enrolled in National Heritage Academies have a 100-percent chance of being enrolled in a larger-than-average school; in Imagine Schools, an 86.8 percent chance, and in Mosaica and Charter Schools USA a 72 percent and 71 percent chance, respectively.
Page 17 of 167
Table 7: Percentage of Large EMO Charter Primary School Students Who Attend Schools with Enrollments Above the Average U.S. Charter Primary School Large EMOs National Heritage Academies Imagine Schools Mosaica Schools Charter Schools USA Charter School Administrative Services Edison Schools Victory Schools Helicon Associates White Hat Management The Leona Group Richard Milburn HS, Inc. The Planagement Group 2004-2005 Percentage 96.5* 76.8 85.0 71.0 40.7 38.0 26.8 18.2 15.3 13.0 0 0 2005-2006 Percentage 100 86.8 72.0 71.0 40.7 33.9 26.3 25.1 20.3 14.6 0 0
Note: Non-charter schools are not included in these data. Virtual charter and virtual non-charter schools are not included in these data. * One school, Valor Campus of Detroit School of Industrial Arts (a charter primary school managed by National Heritage Academies), has unknown enrollment. Its enrollment is missing from these data.
Tables 6 and 7 show that since the 2004-2005 school year some large EMOs have shifted their enrollment patterns, and, in doing so, shuffled the rankings. Where all charter schools are considered (Table 6), four EMOs increased their percentage of students enrolled in larger-than-average charter schools, four stayed essentially even, and four decreased their percentage. Considering only primary charter schools (Table 7), the trend is slightly more pronounced: Five EMOs increased their percentage of students enrolled in larger-than-average charter primary schools, five stayed even, and three decreased their percentage. Rankings shifted slightly as well. Where all charter schools are considered (Table 6), National Heritage Academies ranked No. 1 in both 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 for the percentage of students under the EMOs management who attended larger-than-average
Page 18 of 167
charter schools. Additionally, No. 4-ranked Charter School Administrative Services moved up from No. 6 in 2004-2005; No. 5-ranked White Hat Management dropped from No. 4 in 2004-2005; and No. 6-ranked Mosaica Schools moved down from No. 5 in 2004-2005. Where only primary charter schools are considered (Table 7), National Heritage Academies again ranked No. 1 and Charter Schools USA No. 4 in both time periods, while Imagine Schools and Mosaica Schools traded No. 2 and No. 3 rankings from 2004-2005 to 2005-2006. As Table 8 indicates, some students enrolled in charter schools managed by large EMOs attend schools larger than the average district school as well. Again, rankings have shifted and indeed the pattern itself has moderated. In 2004-2005, as Table 8 shows, Imagine Schools ranked first with 63 percent of its charter students attending schools that enrolled more than the average U.S. district schools. In 2005-2006, Imagine Schools has fallen to fifth with 49.8 percent of its charter school students in schools with enrollments above the average for U.S. district schools. The highest-ranking firm in 2005-2006, Charter Schools USA, has increased the percentage of its charter students who are enrolled in schools larger than the average district school, and is the only EMO to have done so.
Page 19 of 167
Table 6: Percentage of Large EMO Charter School Students Who Attend Schools with Enrollments Above the Average U.S. District School Enrollment Large EMOs Charter Schools USA Imagine Schools Helicon Associates Charter School Administrative Services Edison Schools Mosaica Schools White Hat Management National Heritage Academies The Leona Group Victory Schools Richard Milburn HS, Inc. The Planagement Group 2004-2005 Percentage 62.9 63.0 45.8 45.2 35.5 33.5 17.6 15.1* 12.5 0 0 0 2005-2006 Percentage 68.4 49.8 45.8 45.2 35.0 22.9 15.7 11.6 7.6 0 0 0
Note: Virtual charter and virtual non-charter schools are not included in these data. * One school, Valor Campus of Detroit School of Industrial Arts (a charter primary school managed by National Heritage Academies), has unknown enrollment. Its enrollment is missing from these data.
Similar patterns persist when only primary schools are considered, as shown in Table 9. Charter Schools USA ranked No. 1 in both 2005-2006 and 2004-2005, and the percentage of its primary charter school students enrolled in schools that were larger than the average U.S. district school rose to 54 percent. Imagine Schools, moved from No. 3 to No. 2 ranking, although its percentage declined slightly, to 44.8 percent, for 20052006. Edison Schools rank rose from No. 4 to No. 3, as did its percentage from 15.1 percent to 25.5 percent, while Mosaica Schools fell from No. 2 to No. 4 and its percentage declined sharply, from 48.1 percent to 18.1 percent.
Page 20 of 167
Table 7: Percentage of Large EMO Charter Primary School Students Who Attend Schools with Enrollments Above the Average U.S. District Primary School Enrollment Large EMOs Charter Schools USA Imagine Schools Edison Schools Mosaica Schools National Heritage Academies Charter School Administrative Services White Hat Management The Leona Group Helicon Associates Richard Milburn HS, Inc. The Planagement Group 2004-2005 Percentage 48.5 47.5 15.1 48.5 15.1* 8.1 0 0 0 0 0 2005-2006 Percentage 54.0 44.8 25.5 18.1 11.6 8.1 0 0 0 0 0
Note: Virtual charter and virtual non-charter schools are not included in these data. * One school, Valor Campus of Detroit School of Industrial Arts (a charter primary school managed by National Heritage Academies), has unknown enrollment. Its enrollment is missing from these data.
Finally, Tables 10 and 11 indicate these patterns do not extend to the small number of Large EMOs that operate district schools. This may reflect the fact that so few district schools are under EMO management. Moreover, both tables reflect a declining percentage on the part of both firms. It is not possible to meaningfully interpret with confidence the meaning of these declines without at least another years worth of data. The decline of Edisons position on these various lists may further reflect its continuing shift, already noted, away from school management to the provision of supplemental services such as tutoring, summer schools, and the like. Finally, the growth of virtual schools and their enrollment may further complicate these trends.
Page 21 of 167
Table 8: Percentage of Large EMO District School Students Who Attend District Schools with Enrollments Above the Average U.S. District School Enrollment Large EMOs Edison Schools Victory Schools 2004-2005 Percentage 31.1 48.7 2005-2006 Percentage 21.7 22.8
Note: Virtual schools are not included in these data. The companies displayed here are the only companies profiled that manage district schools.
Table 9: Percentage of Large EMO District Primary School Students Who Attend District Schools with Enrollments Above the Average U.S. District Primary School Enrollment Large EMOs Edison Schools Victory Schools 2004-2005 Percentage 23.9 12.8 2005-2006 Percentage 21.7 10.3
Note: Virtual schools are not included in these data. The companies displayed here are the only companies profiled that manage district primary schools.
While the school size data are much less dramatic than they have been in the past, there continues to be a likely financial basis for the focus on primary education. Primary education is less expensive than middle- and high-school education. It is not, therefore, unreasonable to suggest that where large EMOs continue to display larger enrollments of primary schools it is the result of a strategic business decision to increase profits. Further, Sharon Nichols, Gene Glass, and David Berliner have observed that at the primary-school level, achievement outcomes are most readily influenced by standardized curriculum using drill-and-practice-oriented instruction.29 Such methods tend to require less training and talent among staff and can produce short-term test improvement regardless of long-term achievement. The resulting combination of cost-savings and the appearance of quick results may render such strategies appealing to EMOs, regardless of whether they produce long-term benefits for students.
Page 22 of 167
Sources of Data
Compiled each year since 1998-1999, Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Organizations documents the number of for-profit firms involved in managing publicly funded schools, identifies the schools they manage, and records the number of students those schools enroll. The Profiles report is compiled from a combination of sources. Internet searches are conducted on the name of each known EMO to identify schools with which the EMOs have contractual relationships. The resulting lists of schools are compared with previous years lists. When a school previously listed as having a relationship with a particular EMO appears to have dropped off the list, researchers use Internet search engines and news media databases, primarily Lexis-Nexis, to ascertain the reasons for the change. Information is sent to each EMO to verify accuracy, and each EMO is provided with the information that has been compiled and is given an opportunity to correct any errors in the record.
Using the Profiles

The companies profiled represent those that Commercialism in Research Unit and Education Policy Research Unit researchers could identify as for-profit management companies, and are likely to represent only the larger or higher-profile companies in operation. A substantial number of EMOs that operate a small number of schools may not be included in the Profiles.
Page 23 of 167
Important changes in the 2006 report: A new column has been added to the company summaries. This column references the page number of the companys detailed profile. The historical data regarding schools no longer profiled for each company has been summarized as a table in the company profile. Schools that are no longer profiled in this reporting period are listed in detail. Appendix A contains definitions of terms and notes that will be helpful in understanding the company summaries and profiles. Appendix B contains detailed notes for each profiled company for the current reporting period and prior reports if applicable. These notes were previously included in the individual company profiles. It is important to note that while this report labels education management organizations as profitable and not profitable, the designation in the case of privately held companies is based on the companies self-reports. Unlike publicly traded companies that are required by law to make earnings statements pubic, privately held companies have no such requirement. Fifty of the 51 companies profiled are privately held.
Page 24 of 167
Notes & References

1
The 2005-2006 Profiles counts a total of 237,179 students enrolled in schools managed by for-profit firms, compared to 239,766 in the 2004-2005 edition, which was an estimated total. Ryman, Anne (2005, June 16). Arizona wants charter-school funds restored. Arizona Republic. Retrieved February 27, 2006, from http://www/azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/local/articles/061chartersuit16.html Ryman, Anne (2005, June 16). Arizona wants charter-school funds restored. Arizona Republic. Retrieved February 27, 2006, from http://www/azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/local/articles/061chartersuit16.html Ryman, Anne (2005, June 16). Arizona wants charter-school funds restored. Arizona Republic. Retrieved February 27, 2006, from http://www/azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/local/articles/061chartersuit16.html
Also: responses of individual charter firms to questionnaires distributed for this report
5
Fischer, Howard (2005, Oct. 13). Federal judge rules against for-profit charter schools. East Valley Tribune. Retrieved February 27, 2006, from http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/index.php?sty=50438 Edison Schools (n.d.) Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved February 20, 2006, from http://www.edisonschools.com/contact/con_faqs.html Edison Schools (n.d.) Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved February 20, 2006, from http://www.edisonschools.com/contact/con_faqs.html The numbers in the Profiles report are different because CERU researchers used the U.S. Department of Educations 2003-2004 Common Core of Data to compile charter school totals.
For the Center for Education Reform data, see: Center for Education Reform. (2005, Nov. 1) All about charter schools. Author. Retrieved May 11, 2006, from http://www.edreform.com/index.cfm?fuseAction=document&documentID=1964
9
Zimmer, Ron & Buddin, Richard (2006) Making sense of charter schools: Evidence from California. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp. Retrieved February 28, 2006, from http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2006/RAND_OP157.pdf Bushweiler, Kevin (2005, October 6). Charter growth seen to have positive effect on traditional schools. Education Week. McFarlane, Clive (2005, April 7). Charter school will sever ties with Edison. Telegram & Gazette (Worcester, Mass.), A1. Brinson, Stephanie (2005, April 19). Board votes to revoke charter at SE school. The Common Denominator. Retrieved April 19, 2005, from http://www.thecommondenominator.com/041905_update1.html McKlendon, Gary (2005, April 22). Charter school faces inquiry. Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, N.Y.). Retrieved April 22, 2005, from http://www.democratandchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050422/NEWS01/50422041 6/1002/NEWS RAND Corp. (2005, October) A decade of entrepreneurship in education [Research brief]. Santa Monica, CA: Author, p. 3 Retrieved October 11, 2005, from http://www.rand.org/publications/RB/RB9149/
10
11
12
13
14
Page 25 of 167
See also, Gill, B.P., Hamilton, L.S., Lockwood, J.R., Marsh, J.A.. Zimmer, R.W., & Hill, D. (2005, October). Inspiration, Perspiration and Time: Operations and Achievement in Edison Schools (MG-351EDU). Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp. Retrieved October 11, 2005, from http://www.rand.org/publications/MG/MG351/
15
Breitenstein, D. (2005, February 7). Charter USA loses money in Lee County. News-Press (Fort Myers, Fla.). Retrieved February 7, 2005, from http://www.newspress.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050207/NEWS0104/502070403/1075 Danner, J. & Bowman, J.C. (2003, December 12). The promise & peril of charter schools. In Policy In Action. Jacksonville, FL: Center for Education Innovation, Florida State University College of Education, Center for Educational Research & Policy Studies, p. 12. Center for Education Reform's various publicly available lists and charts on charter schools do not appear to break out specific data on the number of online schools. CER representatives, however, were quoted on the subject in this op-ed article:
16
17
Rotherham, A.J. (2006, April 7). Virtual schools, real innovation. The New York Times, A25.
18
McLain, T. (2005, February 7). Online charter school will be open to all students in state. The Statesman Journal (Salem, Ore.). Retrieved January 20, 2006, from http://159.54.226.83/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050207/ITK/502070306/1016 Carter, S. (2005, February 6). Charter school a click away. The Oregonian (Portland). Retrieved March 7, 2005, from http://www.oregonlive.com/news/Oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/1107608696300720.xml Hupp, S. (2005, July 25). Internet-based charter schools may be on way. Indianapolis Star. Retrieved July 27, 2005, from http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050725/NEWS01/507250349/1006/NEW S01 Stockman, Krista J. (2006, February 24). Net-based school still awaits charter approval. Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (Indiana). Retrieved March 3, 2006, from http://www.fortwayne.com/mld/journalgazette/news/local/13951310.htm Blomely, S. (2005, April 7). School-funding bill raises biting rebukes. Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (Little Rock). Retrieved April 7, 2005, from http://epaper.ardemgaz.com/WebChannel/ShowStory.asp?Path=ArDemocrat/2005/04/07&ID=Ar0 0104 Oplinger, D., and Willard, D. (2005, June 3). Online students missing exams. Akron Beacon Journal, A1. Retrieved June 3, 2005, from http://www.ohio.com/mld/ohio/living/education/11804765.htm Revenaugh, Mickey (2004). Toward rational state policies for virtual learning. Virtual School Report. Baltimore, MD: Connections Academy, pp. 1, 4. Retrieved March 3, 2006, from http://www.connectionsacademy.com/pdfs/VirtualNewsWinter2004.pdf
19
20
21
22
23
24
American Legislative Exchange Council (n.d.). Task force meeting, December 4, 2004. Education Task Force. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved March 3, 2006, from http://www.alec.org/taskforces/education
25
Pierce, F. (2005, August 28) How Syracuse schools bill grew, but help decreased. The Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.). Retrieved August 29, 2005, from http://www.syracuse.com/search/index.ssf?/base/news-1/112521830644651.xml?syrneocit Pierce, F. (2005, August 28) How Syracuse schools bill grew, but help decreased. The Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.). Retrieved August 29, 2005, from http://www.syracuse.com/search/index.ssf?/base/news-1/112521830644651.xml?syrneocit
26
Page 26 of 167
27
Breitenstein, D. & Ramirez-Johnson, L. (2005, May 6). Charter threatens parents with lawsuit. NewsPress (Fort Myers, Fla.). Retrieved June 14, 2005, from http://www.newspress.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050506/NEWS0104/505060461/1075 Breitenstein, D. (2005, May 10), Parent shuts down forum critical of school; lawsuit was threatened, News-Press (Fort Myers, Fla.). Retrieved February 23, 2006, from http://www.newspress.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050510/NEWS01/50510013/1075 Nichols, S., Glass, G.V. & Berliner, D.C. (2005, September). High-stakes testing and student achievement: Problems for the No Child Left Behind Act (EPSL-0504-105-EPRU) [Executive Summary]. Tempe, AZ: Education Policy Research Unit, Education Policy Studies Laboratory, Arizona State University, p. ii. Retrieved May 10, 2006, from http://www.asu.edu/educ/epsl/EPRU/documents/EPSL-0509-105-EPRU.pdf
28
29
Page 27 of 167
PROFILES OF FOR-PROFIT EDUCATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS: 2005-2006 Company Summaries
Page 28 of 167
Large Company Summary

Summary of For-Profit Education Management Organizations Managing 10 or More Schools, Listed Alphabetically by Company Name # of States Where Detail Schools Are On Total Managed Page # Enrollment 7,295 4 35 11,197 5,210 60,491 5,522 16,097 18,522 16,090 12,157 29,848 2,379 3,234 5,840 15,613 209,495 2 10 20 1 10 10 4 9 5 1 5 2 5 28 39 43 48 59 63 70 75 81 86 92 96 101 105
Public Schools Managed Company Name Charter School Administrative Services Charter Schools USA Connections Academy Edison Schools Helicon Associates Imagine Schools K12, Inc. Leona Group, LLC, The Mosaica Education, Inc. National Heritage Academies Planagement Group, L.P., The Richard Milburn High School, Inc. Victory Schools, Inc. White Hat Management Company Location District Charter Southfield, MI 0 15 Fort Lauderdale, FL Baltimore, MD New York, NY Trenton, MI Arlington, VA McLean, VA Phoenix, AZ New York, NY Grand Rapids, MI Lewisville, TX Salem, MA New York, NY Akron, OH 0 4 58 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 4 6 0 75 18 8 43 14 29 13 45 34 51 18 14 7 38 347 Total 15 18 12 101 14 32 15 45 34 51 18 18 13 38 424
Large Company Totals: # of Large Companies = 14 Notes: Washington, DC is counted as a state.
The Public Schools Managed totals for Large EMOs are not equal to the sum of District and Charter schools profiled because researchers were unable to determine the Charter/District status for two schools managed by Imagine Schools.
Page 29 of 167
Medium Company Summary

Summary of For-Profit Education Management Organizations Managing 4 to 9 Schools, Listed Alphabetically by Company Name # of States Where Detail Schools Are On Total Managed Page # Enrollment 1,682 1 111 2,035 448 687 1,218 2,109 1,327 1,295 5,170 15,971 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 8 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
Public Schools Managed Company Name Choice Schools Associates CS Partners, LLC Educational Services of America, Inc. Excel Education Centers, Inc. Global Educational Excellence Nobel Learning Communities, Inc. Pinnacle Education, Inc. Romine Group, LLC, The SABIS Educational Systems Company Location District Charter Grand Rapids, MI 0 8 Howell, MI Liberty, IL Prescott, AZ Ann Arbor, MI West Chester, PA Tempe, AZ Utica, MI Eden Prairie, MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 5 8 4 4 9 5 7 55 Total 8 5 5 8 4 4 9 5 8 56
Medium Company Totals: # of Medium Companies = 9 Notes: Washington, DC is counted as a state.
Page 30 of 167
Small Company Summary

Summary of For-Profit Education Management Organizations Managing 3 or Fewer Schools, Listed Alphabetically by Company Name # of States Where Detail Schools Are On Total Managed Page # Enrollment 320 1 121 220 266 650 176 1,254 267 413 184 81 348 298 245 105 113 1,714 392 1,248 254 70 106 675 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142
Public Schools Managed Company Name Accelerated Elementary and Secondary Schools Accelerated Learning Center, Inc. Allen-Cochran Enterprises American Basic Schools, LLC APEX Education Systems, Inc. Benjamin Franklin Charter School Black Star Educational Management Bright Beginnings School, Inc. Compass High School, Inc. Cornerstone Charter School, Inc. Country Gardens Educational Services, LLC Desert Springs Academy Eastpointe High School, Inc. Educational Impact, Inc. GAR, LLC Hamadeh Educational Services, LLC Heritage Academy, Inc. Innovative Teaching Solutions Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff, Inc. Montessori Schoolhouse of Tucson ORBIS Management Group, LLC Rose Mangement Group Company Location District Charter Tucson, AZ 0 1 Phoenix, AZ Chandler, AZ Mesa, AZ Phoenix, AZ Gilbert, AZ Oak Park, MI Chandler, AZ Tucson, AZ Phoenix, AZ Laveen, AZ Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ Tempe, AZ Dearborn, MI Mesa, AZ Southfield, MI Flagstaff, AZ Tucson, AZ Clinton Township, MI Tucson, AZ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 3 Total 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 3
Page 31 of 167
Small Company Summary

Summary of For-Profit Education Management Organizations Managing 3 or Fewer Schools, Listed Alphabetically by Company Name # of States Where Detail Schools Are On Total Managed Page # Enrollment 1,164 1 143 160 800 238 382 360 12,503 1 1 1 1 1 2 144 145 146 147 148
Public Schools Managed Company Name Schoolhouse Services and Staffing, Inc. Self Development Charter School Smart Schools Management Southern Arizona Community Academy, Inc. Synergy Training Solutions Talented and Gifted Charter School, LLC Company Location District Charter Detroit, MI 0 3 Mesa, AZ Traverse City, MI Tucson, AZ St.Clair Shores, MI Tucson, AZ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 41 Total 3 1 1 1 2 1 41
Small Company Totals: # of Small Companies = 28 Notes: Washington, DC is counted as a state.
REPORT TOTALS FOR ALL COMPANIES

Total Public Schools Managed Total # of Companies 51 District 76 Charter 443 Total 521 Total # of States Where Schools Total Are Managed Enrollment 237,969 29
Notes: The Public Schools Managed totals for all EMOs are not equal to the sum of District and Charter schools profiled because researchers were unable to determine the Charter/District status for two schools managed by Imagine Schools.
Page 32 of 167
Virtual Company Summary

Summary of For-Profit Education Management Organizations Managing Virtual Schools, Listed Alphabetically by Company Name
Company Name Connections Academy K12, Inc. Pinnacle Education, Inc. White Hat Management
Company Location Baltimore, MD McLean, VA Tempe, AZ Akron, OH
Public Schools Managed 12 15 9 38
Public Schools Managed That Are Virtual 12 15 1 2
# of States Where Detail Schools Are Total On Managed Enrollment Page # 5,210 10 43 18,522 212 2,762 10 1 2 12 70 117 105
Virtual Company Totals: 74 30 26,706 # of Virtual Companies = 4 Note: These companies and related data are also listed in the Summary of Companies by Size.
Page 33 of 167
PROFILES OF FOR-PROFIT EDUCATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS: 2005-2006

Large Companies: Managing 10 or More Schools
Page 34 of 167
Charter School Administrative Services

Large Company: Managing 10 or More Schools
Address 20755 Greenfield Rd, Ste 30 Southfield, MI 48075
Telephone and Fax 248-567-7787 248-569-6674
Web Address None
Year Privately Held / Founded Publicly Traded Profitability 1995 Private Unknown
Company Schools by State Florida

Year Founded 1998 Grade Levels Served K-5 Charter Enrollment School? 249 Yes Virtual School? No
School Name Tampa United Methodist School
School Location Tampa, FL
Michigan
Year Founded 1995 1999 1999 1995 1997 1995 1995 1996 1999 Grade Levels Served K-6 K-8 9-12 K-8 9-12 K-12 K-6 K-6 K-12 Charter Enrollment School? 475 Yes 504 80 555 397 1459 500 348 1250 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No No No
School Name Academy of Detroit West Academy of Flint Academy of Inkster Academy of Lathrup Village Academy of Michigan Academy of Oak Park Academy of Southfield Academy of Westland Cherry Hill School of Performing Arts
School Location Detroit, MI Flint, MI Inkster, MI Lathrup Village, MI Oak Park, MI Ferndale, MI Southfield, MI Westland, MI Inkster, MI
Missouri
Year Founded 1999 Grade Levels Served 6-12 Charter Enrollment School? 342 Yes Virtual School? No
School Name Academy of Kansas City
School Location Kansas City, MO
Page 35 of 167

Texas
Year Founded 1998 1998 1997 1998 Grade Levels Served K-6 K-7 K-6 K-6 Charter Enrollment School? 183 Yes 249 589 115 Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No
School Name Academy of Beaumont Academy of Dallas Academy of Houston Bexar County Academy
School Location Beaumont, TX Dallas, TX Houston, TX San Antonio, TX
Total Number of Schools: 15 Total Enrollment: 7,295 States Operated in: FL, MI, MO, TX
Number of Schools No Longer Profiled

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 36 of 167

School Types
3
Primary
High
CCD Level Primary Middle High Other Unknown
# of Schools 10 0 2 3 0
2 10
Other
New Schools Opened

3
Number
Report Year New Schools 1998-99 Unknown 1999-00 2

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
Unknown Unknown
Unknown
Unknown Unknown
0
2 1 0 1999-00 Report Year 2005-06
Number of Schools Managed

20
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools 5
7 15
15
15 15
15
15
15 10 5 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year
Page 37 of 167

Enrollment
8000 Number 6000 4000 2000 0 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 Unknown 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Unknown Unknown Unknown 6031 7046 7295 7295
Report Year
Number of States Operated In

5 4 3 2 1 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In 1 1 3 4 4 4 4 4
Number
Report Year
Page 38 of 167
Charter Schools USA

Address 6245 N Federal Hwy, 5th Fl Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 954-202-3500 www.charterschoolsusa. 1998 Private Not com Profitable 954-202-3512

Year Founded 2004 2003 2001 2002 2004 1999 2002 2002 2004 2003 2004 2003 2001 2001 2001 2001 1999 Grade Levels Served 9 K-5 K-8 K-8 K-6 6-12 10-11 K-5 9-12 K-8 K-5 K-8 K-5 K-5 K-5 9-12 K-5 Charter Enrollment School? 76 Yes 602 946 1269 361 1611 24 605 411 1480 433 1146 206 189 189 539 488 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
School Name Academy of Arts and Minds Aventura Charter Elementary Bay Haven Charter Academy Bonita Springs Charter School Cape Coral Charter School Coral Springs Charter School Delray Youth Vocational Charter School Downtown Miami Charter School Gateway Charter High School Gateway Charter School Hollywood Academy of Arts and Science Keys Gate Charter School North Broward Academy of Excellence North County Charter School Northeast Academy Parkway Academy Renaissance Elementary Charter School
School Location Coconut Grove, FL Aventura, FL Panama City, FL Bonita Springs, FL Cape Coral, FL Coral Springs, FL Delray Beach, FL Miami, FL Fort Myers, FL Fort Myers, FL Hollywood, FL Homestead, FL North Lauderdale, FL Miami, FL North Miami Beach, FL Miramar, FL Miami, FL
Page 39 of 167
Charter Schools USA

Texas
School Name New Frontiers Charter School
School Location San Antonio, TX
Total Number of Schools: 18 Total Enrollment: 11,197 States Operated in: FL, TX

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 0 0 0 1 4 1 0
Page 40 of 167
Charter Schools USA

School Types
3 2
Primary
High
Other
# of Schools 13 0 2 3 0
13
New Schools Opened

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Report Year New Schools 1998-99 N/A 1999-00 3

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
1 11
2
3 4
0
Number

20
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools N/A
5 4
15
15 15
18
18
15 10 5 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Page 41 of 167
Charter Schools USA

Enrollment
12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Report Year 2004-05 2005-06
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 N/A 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Unknown Unknown 8005 7932 9093 11205 11197
Number

3 Number 2 1 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In N/A 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
Page 42 of 167
Connections Academy
Address 1000 Lancaster St, 6th Floor Baltimore, MD 21202
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 410-843-6010 www.connectionsacade 2001 Private Unknown my.com 410-843-6262
Company Schools by State Arizona

Year Founded 2005 Grade Levels Served K-9 Charter Enrollment School? 400 Yes Virtual School? Yes
School Name Arizona Connections Academy
School Location Mesa, AZ
California
Year Founded 2004 2004 Grade Levels Served K-9 K-8 Charter Enrollment School? 400 Yes 0 Yes Virtual School? Yes Yes
School Name Capistrano Connections Academy Southern California Connections Academy
School Location Mission Viejo, CA CA
Colorado
Year Founded 2002 2004 Grade Levels Served K-9 K-8 Charter Enrollment School? 400 No 10 No Virtual School? Yes Yes
School Name Denver Connections Academy Littleton Connections Academy Part-Time
School Location Littleton, CO Littleton, CO
Florida
Year Founded 2003 Grade Levels Served K-8 Charter Enrollment School? 500 No Virtual School? Yes
School Name Florida Connections Academy
School Location Orlando, FL
Idaho
School Name INSPIRE
School Location Boise, ID
Page 43 of 167
Connections Academy
Minnesota
School Name MTS Minnesota Connections Academy
School Location Minneapolis, MN
Ohio
School Name Ohio Connections Academy
School Location Cincinnati, OH
Oregon
School Name Oregon Connections Academy
School Location Scio, OR
Pennsylvania
School Name Commonwealth Connections Academy
School Location Mechanicsburg, PA
Wisconsin
School Name Wisconsin Connections Academy
School Location Appleton, WI
Total Number of Schools: 12 Total Enrollment: 5,210 States Operated in: AZ, CA, CO, FL, ID, MN, OH, OR, PA, WI
Page 44 of 167
Connections Academy

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0
Schools No Longer Profiled for this Reporting Period Arizona

School Name Chancellor Arizona Connections Academy School Location Phoenix, AZ Reason No Longer Profiled Profile response states school is no longer operational as "the state approved the transfer of an approved pilot to Arizona Connections Academy instead." (12/15/05)
Unknown
School Name Southern Colorado Connections Academy School Location Unknown, XX Reason No Longer Profiled Profile response on 12/15/05 reports that the school was "discontinued" 6/05.
Page 45 of 167
Connections Academy
School Types
4
Primary
Other
# of Schools 4 0 0 8 0
New Schools Opened

5
Number
Report Year New Schools 1998-99 N/A 1999-00 N/A

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
4 3 2 1 0 2003-04 2004-05 Report Year 2005-06
N/A Unknown
Unknown
2 3
4

15
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools N/A
N/A N/A
Unknown
Unknown Unknown
10
12
10 5 0 2004-05 Report Year 2005-06
Page 46 of 167
Connections Academy
Enrollment
6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2004-05 Report Year 2005-06
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 N/A 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 N/A N/A Unknown Unknown Unknown 1081 5210
Number

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2004-05 Report Year 2005-06
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In N/A N/A N/A Unknown Unknown Unknown 7 10
Number
Page 47 of 167
Edison Schools
Address 521 5th Ave, 11th Floor New York, NY 10175
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 212-419-1600 www.edisonschools.com 1992 Private Profitable 212-419-1604
Company Schools by State California

Year Founded 1999 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 Grade Levels Served K-6 K-3 K-7 4-8 K-6 K-6 K-8 Charter Enrollment School? 631 Yes 435 430 514 1080 567 1159 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No
School Name Edison - Bethune Charter Academy Edison Brentwood Academy Edison Charter Academy Edison McNair Academy Feaster - Edison Charter School Phillips - Edison Partnership School San Jose - Edison Academy
School Location Fresno, CA East Palo Alto, CA San Francisco, CA East Palo Alto, CA Chula Vista, CA Napa, CA West Covina, CA
Colorado
Year School Location Founded Colorado Springs, CO 1997 Denver, CO Colorado Springs, CO Denver, CO 2004 1996 1998 Grade Levels Served 6-8 K-8 K-5 K-8 Charter Enrollment School? 423 Yes 793 616 672 Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No
School Name Emerson - Edison Partnership School Omar D. Blair School Roosevelt - Edison Charter School Wyatt - Edison Charter School
Delaware
School Name Thomas A. Edison Charter School
School Location Wilmington, DE
Page 48 of 167
Edison Schools
District Of Columbia
Year Founded 1999 1998 1998 2000 Grade Levels Served 6-8 K-5 K-7 9-12 Charter Enrollment School? 705 Yes 725 551 1213 Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No
School Name Friendship Public Charter School (Blow Pierce Campus) Friendship Public Charter School (Chamberlain Campus) Friendship Public Charter School (Woodridge Campus) Friendship Senior Academy (Carter G. Woodson Campus)
School Location Washington, DC Washington, DC Washington, DC Washington, DC
Georgia
School Name Charles R. Drew Charter School
School Location Atlanta, GA
Hawaii
Year Founded 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 Grade Levels Served K-6 6-8 K-5 K-6 K-5 6-8 6-8 Charter Enrollment School? 390 No 489 865 195 262 769 314 No No No No No No Virtual School? No No No No No No No
School Name Aiea Elementary School Central Middle School Ka Hului Elementary School Paia Elementary School Palolo Elementary School Sanford B Dole International School William Paul Jarrett Middle School
School Location Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Kahului, HI Kahului, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI
Illinois
Year Founded 1999 1999 Grade Levels Served K-12 K-4 Charter Enrollment School? 1436 Yes 397 No Virtual School? No No
School Name Chicago International Charter School (Longwood Campus) Franklin - Edison School
School Location Chicago, IL Peoria, IL
Page 49 of 167
Edison Schools
Loucks Edison Junior Academy Northmoor - Edison School Rolling Acres Junior Academy
Peoria, IL Peoria, IL Peoria, IL
2000 1999 2001
5-8 K-4 5-8
412 458 326
No No No
No No No
Indiana
Year Founded 2004 2002 2003 Grade Levels Served K-7 K-5 K-5 Charter Enrollment School? 360 Yes 653 688 No No Virtual School? No No No
School Name Christel House Academy Jeremiah Gray - Edison Elementary School Rosa Parks - Edison Elementary School
School Location Indianapolis, IN Indianapolis, IN Indianapolis, IN
Iowa
Year Founded 1999 Grade Levels Served K-5 Charter Enrollment School? 461 No Virtual School? No
School Name Jefferson - Edison Elementary School
School Location Davenport, IA
Maryland
Year Founded 2000 2000 2000 Grade Levels Served K-6 K-6 K-6 Charter Enrollment School? 684 No 548 944 No No Virtual School? No No No
School Name Furman Templeton Elementary Gilmor Elementary Montebello Elementary
School Location Baltimore, MD Baltimore, MD Baltimore, MD
Massachusetts
School Name Seven Hills Charter School
School Location Worchester, MA
Michigan
School Name Ben Ross Public School Academy
School Location Warren, MI
Page 50 of 167
Edison Schools
Edison - Oakland Public School Academy YMCA Service Learning Academy
Ferndale, MI Detroit, MI
1999 1999
K-6 K-8
837 1138
Yes Yes
No No
Minnesota
Year Founded 1997 1997 1997 Grade Levels Served K-5 K-5 6-8 Charter Enrollment School? 366 Yes 193 217 Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No
School Name Kenwood - Edison Charter School Raleigh - Edison Academy Washburn - Edison Junior Academy
School Location Duluth, MN Duluth, MN Duluth, MN
Missouri
School Name Allen - Edison Village School Confluence Academy - Old North Campus Confluence Academy - Walnut Park Campus Derrick Thomas Academy
School Location Kansas City, MO St. Louis, MO St. Louis, MO Kansas City, MO
Nevada
Year Founded 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 Grade Levels Served K-5 K-5 K-5 6-8 K-5 K-5 K-5 Charter Enrollment School? 937 No 1009 774 723 762 822 843 No No No No No No Virtual School? No No No No No No No
School Name Ann T. Lynch - Edison Elementary C.C.Ronnow - Edison Elementary Cahlan - Edison Elementary Charles I. West - Edison Junior Academy Crestwood - Edison Elementary John S. Park - Edison Elementary Lincoln - Edison Elementary
School Location Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV North Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV North Las Vegas, NV
Page 51 of 167
Edison Schools
New York
Year Founded 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 Grade Levels Served K-10 K-7 K-6 K-5 K-8 Charter Enrollment School? 1034 Yes 335 781 221 614 Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No
School Name Charter School for Applied Technologies Harriet Tubman Charter New Covenant Charter School Riverhead Charter School Stepping Stone Academy Charter School
School Location Buffalo, NY Bronx, NY Albany, NY Riverhead, NY Buffalo, NY
Ohio
Year Founded 2000 1999 Grade Levels Served K-8 K-8 Charter Enrollment School? 722 Yes 803 Yes Virtual School? No No
School Name Dayton View Academy The Dayton Academy
School Location Dayton, OH Dayton, OH
Pennsylvania
Year Founded 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2005 2005 2002 Grade Levels Served K-8 K-5 5-8 K-5 6-8 K-5 K-8 K-8 K-8 Charter Enrollment School? 728 No 415 530 418 452 544 774 584 419 No No No No No No No No Virtual School? No No No No No No No No No
School Name Alcorn Elementary School Anderson Elementary School Barratt Middle School Comegys Elementary School Gillespie Middle School Harrity Elementary School Hartranft Elementary School Huey Elementary School Kelley Elementary School
School Location Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA
Page 52 of 167
Edison Schools
Kenderton Elementary School Lincoln - Edison Charter School Locke Elementary School Ludlow Elementary School Mariana Bracetti Academy Charter Morton - McMichael Elementary Munoz - Marin Elementary School Penn Treaty Middle School Potter - Thomas Elementary School Renaissance Academy of Pittsburgh Alternative of Hope Renaissance Advantage Charter School Shaw Middle School Stetson Middle School Stoddart - Fleisher Middle School Sulzberger Middle School The Renaissance Academy Tilden Middle School Waring Elementary School
Philadelphia, PA York, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Pittsburgh, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Phoenixville, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA
2002 2000 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2004 2002 2002 2002 2002 2000 2002 2002
K-8 K-5 K-5 K-8 6-12 K-8 K-8 5-8 K-7 K-5 K-8 5-8 5-8 6-8 6-8 K-12 5-8 K-7
572 105 343 323 1125 502 897 699 615 245 865 578 879 169 555 873 919 226
No Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No
No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
South Carolina
Year Founded 2004 2004 2004 Grade Levels Served 6-8 9-12 K-5 Charter Enrollment School? 400 No 450 550 No No Virtual School? No No No
School Name Allendale - Fairfax Middle School Allendale County High School Allendale Elementary
School Location Fairfax, SC Fairfax, SC Allendale, SC
Page 53 of 167
Edison Schools
Baptist Hill High Brentwood Middle School CC Blaney Elementary E.B. Ellington Elementary School Fairfax Elementary Jane Edwards Elementary Minnie Hughes Elementary R.D. Schrode Middle School Sanders Clyde Elementary School
Hollywood, SC North Charleston, SC Hollywood, SC Ravenel, SC Fairfax, SC Edisto Island, SC Hollywood, SC Hollywood, SC Charleston, SC
2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004
9-12 6-8 K-5 K-5 K-6 K-8 K-5 6-8 K-6
455 780 189 310 300 151 175 365 192
No No No No No No No No No
No No No No No No No No No
Wisconsin
School Name Milwaukee Urban League Academy of Business and Total Number of Schools: 101 Total Enrollment: 60,491
School Location Milwaukee, WI
States Operated in: CA, CO, DC, DE, GA, HI, IA, IL, IN, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, NV, NY, OH, PA, SC, WI

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 0 2 2 12 25 3 1
Page 54 of 167
Edison Schools
Schools No Longer Profiled for this Reporting Period California

School Name Starr King - Edison Academy School Location Long Beach, CA Reason No Longer Profiled School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06.
School Name SE Academy for Scholastic Excellence (LearnNow Division) School Location Washington, DC Reason No Longer Profiled School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06.
Illinois
School Name Feitshans School Location Springfield, IL Reason No Longer Profiled School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06.
Michigan
School Name Baylor Woodson School Location Inkster, MI Reason No Longer Profiled School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06.
Blanchette Middle School
Inkster, MI
Flint Northwestern Comm. High School Edison Partnership Garfield - Edison Partnership School Inkster High School
Flint, MI
Flint, MI
Inkster, MI
Meek - Milton Primary Academy
Inkster, MI
Williams - Edison Partnership School
Flint, MI
Page 55 of 167
Edison Schools
Minnesota
School Name Duluth - Edison Partnership Schools School Location Duluth, MN Reason No Longer Profiled Edison reports that this school is now three separate schools that are now tracked as such, per company profile response, 1/12/06.
New York
School Name The Charter School of Science & Technology School Location Rochester, NY Reason No Longer Profiled School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06.
Pennsylvania
School Name Chester High School LearnNow Division Columbus Edison Elementary School Location Chester, PA Reason No Longer Profiled School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06. School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06.
Chester, PA
Main Street Edison Academy
Brookhaven, PA
Pulaski Middle School
Chester, PA
Showalter Edison Junior Academy
Chester, PA
Smedley Middle School (LearnNow Division) Stetser Elementary (LearnNow Division) William Penn Edison Elementary
Chester, PA
Chester, PA
Chester, PA
Wisconsin
School Name Milwaukee Science Academy School Location Milwaukee, WI Reason No Longer Profiled School "discontinued" per Edison Company profile response, 1/12/06.
Page 56 of 167
Edison Schools
School Types
3 21
5
Primary
Middle
High
Other
# of Schools 72 21 3 5 0
72
New Schools Opened

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year New Schools 1998-99 15 1999-00 21

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
Number
27 28
20
0 9
24
Report Year

150
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools 38
60 84
109
116 109
98
101
100 50 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year
Page 57 of 167
Edison Schools
Enrollment
100000 Number 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 1998-99 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 24000 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Unknown Unknown 75000 80000 70441 66482 60491

25 20 15 10 5 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In 12 17 18 23 23 23 18 20
Number
Report Year
Page 58 of 167
Helicon Associates
Address 2525 W Jefferson ST Trenton, MI 48183
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 734-675-5505 www.heliconassociates.c 1993 Private Unknown om 734-675-6553
Company Schools by State Michigan

Year Founded 2004 2004 2004 1999 2000 1995 2003 1998 1995 1997 1996 1998 1995 1998 Grade Levels Served K-3 K-6 K-8 K-7 K-8 K-12 K-5 K-8 K-12 K-8 K-7 K-12 K-8 K-12 Charter Enrollment School? 165 Yes 246 81 628 215 1223 217 105 242 105 381 1304 375 235 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
School Name American Montessori Academy Crescent Academy Eastern Wastenaw Multicultural Academy George Washington Carver Academy Marshall Academy Michigan Automotive Academy Mt. Clemens Montessori Academy New Bedford Academy Pansophia Academy Sauk Trail Academy Summit Academy Summit Academy North Thomas - Gist Academy Will Carleton Academy
School Location Livonia, MI Southfield, MI Ann Arbor, MI Highland Park, MI Marshall, MI Romulus, MI Mt. Clemens, MI Lambertville, MI Coldwater, MI Hillsdale, MI Flat Rock, MI Romulus, Mi Inkster, MI Hillsdale, MI
Total Number of Schools: 14 Total Enrollment: 5,522 States Operated in: MI
Page 59 of 167
Helicon Associates

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 60 of 167
Helicon Associates
School Types
4
Primary
Other
# of Schools 10 0 0 4 0
10
New Schools Opened

4
Number

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
3 2 1 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
1 0
0
1 3
0
Report Year

15
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools 6
6 8
9
9 11
14
14
10 5 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year
Page 61 of 167
Helicon Associates
Enrollment
6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Report Year 2004-05 2005-06
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 Unknown 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Unknown Unknown 3529 3663 4440 5522 5522
Number

2 Number 1 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Report Year
Page 62 of 167
Imagine Schools
Address 1005 N Glebe Rd, Ste 610 Arlington, VA 22201
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 703-527-2600 www.imagineschools.co 1999 Private Profitable m 703-527-0038

Year Founded 2001 2001 2005 2005 2001 1998 Grade Levels Served K-8 K-8 Unknown Unknown K-6 K-8 Charter Enrollment School? 701 Yes 658 390 417 309 450 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No
School Name Imagine Charter Elementary and Middle School at Cortez Park Imagine Charter Elementary and Middle School at West Gilbert Imagine Charter Elementary School at East Mesa Imagine Charter Elementary School at Rosefield Imagine Charter School at Bell Canyon Imagine Charter School at Sierra Vista
School Location Phoenix, AZ Gilbert, AZ Mesa, AZ Surprise, AZ Phoenix, AZ Sierra Vista, AZ
School Name Hope Community Charter School
School Location Washington, DC
Florida
Year Founded 2003 2001 2001 2001 2000 2000 Grade Levels Served K-8 K-5 K-8 K-5 K-8 K-5 Charter Enrollment School? 519 Yes 519 698 1022 1108 763 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No
School Name Canoe Creek Charter Elementary and Middle School Chancellor Charter School at Lantana Chancellor Charter School at North Lauderdale Chancellor Charter School at Weston Four Corners Charter Elementary and Middle Schools Kissimmee Charter Elementary School
School Location St. Cloud, FL Lantana, FL North Lauderdale, FL Weston, FL Davenport, FL Kissimmee, FL
Page 63 of 167
Imagine Schools
Oakland Avenue Charter School P.M. Wells Elementary and Foundation Middle School Rivers Edge Charter Academy South Lake Charter School The Day School at Coral Springs
Oakland, FL Kissimmee, FL Palm Bay, FL Clermont, FL Coral Springs, FL
2003 2001 2001 2005
K-5 K-8 K-8 Unknown
685 756 522 551 410
Yes Yes Yes Yes No
No No No No No
Unknown Unknown
Georgia
School Name Kennesaw Charter School
School Location Kennesaw, GA
Maryland
Year Charter Enrollment School? Founded 2005 Unknown 309 Yes Grade Levels Served Virtual School? No
School Name Patterson Park Public Charter School
School Location Baltimore, MD
Michigan
School Name Conner Creek Academy Renaissance Public School Academy White Pine Academy Woodmont Academy
School Location Warren, MI Mt. Pleasant, MI Leslie, MI Southfield, MI
Missouri
Year Founded 2000 2005 2005 Grade Levels Served K-6 Unknown Unknown Charter Enrollment School? 565 Yes 634 272 Yes Unknown Virtual School? No No No
School Name Ethel Hedgeman Lyle Academy Ethel Hedgeman Lyle Middle and High College Prep Southwest Charter SchoolKensington Campus
School Location St. Louis, MO St. Louis, MO Kansas City, MO
Page 64 of 167
Imagine Schools
Southwest Charter School-Wallace Campus St. Louis Charter School
Kansas City, MO St. Louis, MO
1999 2000
6-12 K-8
347 927
Yes Yes
No No
New York
School Name COMMUNITY Charter School
School Location Buffalo, NY
North Carolina
Year Founded Unknown Grade Levels Served 6-10 Charter Enrollment School? 160 Yes Virtual School? No
School Name Kestrel Heights School
School Location Durham, NC
Ohio
Grade Levels Year Charter Founded Served Enrollment School? 2005 Unknown 200 Unknown Virtual School? No
School Name Academy of Columbus
School Location Columbus, OH
Total Number of Schools: 32 Total Enrollment: 16,097 States Operated in: AZ, DC, FL, GA, MD, MI, MO, NC, NY, OH

Page 65 of 167
Imagine Schools
Schools No Longer Profiled for this Reporting Period Arizona

School Name Chancellor Charter School at Sierra Vista School Location Sierra Vista, AZ Reason No Longer Profiled Imagine Schools reports name change to Imagine Early Learning Center, per company profile response, 1/5/06.
School Name Meridian Public Charter School School Location Washington, DC Reason No Longer Profiled Imagine Schools reports that this school is 'deleted,' per company profile response, 1/5/06.
Massachusetts
School Name Lowell Community Charter School School Location Lowell, MA Reason No Longer Profiled Imagine Schools reports that this school is 'deleted,' per company profile response, 1/5/06.
Michigan
School Name Great Lakes Academy School Location Pontiac, MI Reason No Longer Profiled Imagine Schools reports that this school is 'deleted,' per company profile response, 1/5/06. Imagine Schools reports that this school is 'deleted,' per company profile response, 1/5/06. Imagine Schools reports that this school is 'deleted,' per company profile response, 1/5/06.
Huron Academy
Sterling Heights, MI
Pontiac Academy of Excellence
Pontiac, MI
Missouri
School Name Thurgood Marshall Academy School Location St. Louis, MO Reason No Longer Profiled Imagine Schools reports that this school is 'deleted,' per company profile response, 1/5/06.
Page 66 of 167
Imagine Schools
New York
School Name Central New York Charter School for Math and Science South Buffalo Charter School School Location Syracuse, NY Reason No Longer Profiled Imagine Schools reports that this school is 'deleted,' per company profile response, 1/5/06. Imagine Schools reports that this school is 'deleted,' per company profile response, 1/5/06.
Buffalo, NY
North Carolina
School Name Alpha Academy School Location Fayetteville, NC Reason No Longer Profiled Imagine Schools reports that this school is 'deleted,' per company profile response, 1/5/06. Imagine Schools reports that this school is 'deleted,' per company profile response, 1/5/06.
Guilford Preparatory Academy
Greensboro, NC
Page 67 of 167
Imagine Schools
School Types
8
Primary
Other
Unknown
# of Schools 21 0 0 3 8
21
New Schools Opened

15
Number

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
9 12
5
4 4
10
10 5 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year

50
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools N/A
22 25
44
44 35
33
32
40 30 20 10 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Page 68 of 167
Imagine Schools
Enrollment
25000 Number 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Report Year 2004-05 2005-06

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In N/A 5 6 9 8 8 9 10
Number
Page 69 of 167
K12, Inc.
Address 8000 Westpark Dr. Ste. 500 McLean, VA 22102
Web Address www.k12.com

School Name Arizona Virtual Academy
School Location Tucson, AZ
Arkansas
School Name Arkansas Virtual School
School Location Little Rock, AR
California
Year Founded 2002 2002 2002 2002 2004 2004 Grade Levels Served K-9 K-9 K-9 K-9 K-9 K-9 Charter Enrollment School? 580 Yes 580 580 582 580 580 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
School Name California Virtual Academy at Jamestown California Virtual Academy at Kern California Virtual Academy at Kings California Virtual Academy at San Diego California Virtual Academy at San Mateo California Virtual Academy at Sonoma
School Location Simi Valley, CA Simi Valley, CA Simi Valley, CA Simi Valley, CA Simi Valley, CA Simi Valley, CA
Colorado
School Name Colorado Virtual Academy
School Location Northglenn, CO
Page 70 of 167
K12, Inc.
Florida
School Name Florida Virtual Academy
School Location Jacksonville, FL
Idaho
School Name Idaho Virtual Academy
School Location Boise, ID
Maryland
School Name Community Academy Public Charter School
School Location Baltimore, MD
Ohio
School Name Ohio Virtual Academy
School Location Maumee, OH
Pennsylvania
School Name Pennsylvania Virtual Charter School
School Location Norristown, PA
Wisconsin
School Name Wisconsin Virtual Academy
School Location Fredonia, WI
Total Number of Schools: 15 Total Enrollment: 18,522 States Operated in: AR, AZ, CA, CO, FL, ID, MD, OH, PA, WI
Page 71 of 167
K12, Inc.

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 2 0
Page 72 of 167
K12, Inc.
School Types
5
Primary
Other
# of Schools 5 0 0 10 0
10
New Schools Opened

10
Number
Report Year New Schools 1998-99 N/A 1999-00 N/A

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
8 6 4 2 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Report Year 2004-05 2005-06
N/A 2
8
4 2
0

20
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools N/A
N/A N/A
1
8 14
15
15
15 10 5 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Report Year 2004-05 2005-06
Page 73 of 167
K12, Inc.
Enrollment
20000 Number 15000 10000 5000 0 2003-04 2004-05 Report Year 2005-06
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 N/A 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 N/A N/A Unknown Unknown 10325 14460 18522

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Report Year 2004-05 2005-06
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In N/A N/A N/A 1 5 11 9 10
Number
Page 74 of 167
Leona Group, LLC, The

Address 1313 E Osborn Rd Ste 100 Phoenix, AZ 85014
Web Address www.leonagroup.com
Year Privately Held / Founded Publicly Traded Profitability 1996 Private Profitable

Year Founded 2003 1997 2001 1999 1999 1999 1998 2003 1999 1999 2003 1998 1997 2001 1997 1997 1997 Grade Levels Served 9-12 9-12 K-8 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 6-8 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 6-8 9-12 9-12 9-12 Charter Enrollment School? 425 Yes 147 39 475 260 577 517 30 446 551 620 498 977 52 385 539 676 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
School Name Alta Vista High School Apache Trail High School APEX Academy Desert Hills High School El Dorado High School Estrella High School Maya High School Montezuma Middle School Ocotillo High School Peoria Accelerated High School South Pointe High School Summit High School Sun Valley High School Sun Valley Middle School Tempe Accelerated High School Tucson Accelerated High School West Phoenix High School
School Location Tucson, AZ Apache Junction, AZ Apache Junction, AZ Gilbert, AZ Chandler, AZ Avondale, AZ Phoenix, AZ Tempe, AZ Phoenix, AZ Peoria, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ Mesa, AZ Mesa, AZ Tempe, AZ Tucson, AZ Phoenix, AZ
Page 75 of 167

Indiana
School Name Timothy L. Johnson Academy
School Location Fort Wayne, IN
Michigan
Year Founded 2003 1998 1999 1995 2001 1997 1998 2002 1998 1998 1999 2003 1999 2005 1999 1999 1998 1997 Grade Levels Served K-5 6-12 K-11 K-5 9-12 6-8 7-12 7-12 K-8 K-8 K-12 3-8 K-2 K-5 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-6 Charter Enrollment School? 316 Yes 390 827 465 464 450 261 494 306 372 425 299 157 164 149 348 362 172 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
School Name ABT Elementary Academy for Business and Technology Allen Academy Cesar Chavez Academy Elementary Cesar Chavez Academy High Cesar Chavez Academy Middle Charlotte Forten Academy Consortium College Preparatory High School Francis Reh Public School Academy George Crockett Academy Hope of Detroit Academy Joy Preparatory Academy - Dexter Campus Joy Preparatory Academy Oakman Campus Mildred C Wells Academy New City Academy Northridge Academy Pierre Toussaint Academy Saginaw Preparatory Academy
School Location Dearborn, MI Melvindale, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Saginaw, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Benton Harbor, MI Lansing, MI Flint, MI Detroit, MI Saginaw, MI
Page 76 of 167

Tri-Valley Academy of Arts and Academics Voyageur Academy William C. Abney Academy
Muskegon, MI Detroit, MI Grand Rapids, MI
1995 1998 1998
K-8 K-12 K-5
296 321 371
Yes Yes Yes
No No No
Ohio
Year Founded 2001 2003 2002 2002 2002 2004 Grade Levels Served K-6 K-8 K-8 K-6 6-12 K-8 Charter Enrollment School? 115 Yes 263 333 200 151 180 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No
School Name Eagle Academy George A. Phillips Academy Lake Erie Academy Paul Laurence Dunbar Academy Toledo Accelerated Academy Wildwood Environmental Academy
School Location Toledo, OH Toledo, OH Toledo, OH Toledo, OH Toledo, OH Maumee, OH
Total Number of Schools: 45 Total Enrollment: 16,090 States Operated in: AZ, IN, MI, OH

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
Page 77 of 167

Schools No Longer Profiled for this Reporting Period Ohio

School Name Maumee Bay Academy School Location Toledo, OH Reason No Longer Profiled School never opened, per Leona Group company profile response, 1/12/06.
Page 78 of 167

School Types
5 20
Primary
Middle
High
# of Schools 20 3 17 5 0
17 3
Other
New Schools Opened

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
Number
0 2
5
2 4
1
Report Year

50 40 30 20 10 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools 25
34 34
33
37 41
45
45
Number
Report Year
Page 79 of 167

Enrollment
20000 Number 15000 10000 5000 0 1998-99 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 7585 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Unknown Unknown 11683 12917 12617 13990 16090
Report Year

5 4 3 2 1 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4
Number
Report Year
Page 80 of 167
Mosaica Education, Inc.

Address 100 Wall St, Ninth Fl New York, NY 10005
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 212-232-0305 www.mosaicaeducation. 1997 Private Unknown com 212-232-0309

School Name Ahwatukee Foothills Prep Phoenix Advantage Charter School
School Location Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ
Colorado
School Name Denver Arts and Technology Academy
School Location Denver, CO
Delaware
School Name Academy of Dover
School Location Dover, DE
School Name Arts and Technology Academy Howard Road Academy
School Location Washington, DC Washington, DC
Indiana
School Name Charter School of the Dunes
School Location Gary, IN
Page 81 of 167

Michigan
Year Founded 2001 2001 2004 2004 1999 1999 2005 1999 2003 1998 2003 2003 Grade Levels Served K-8 K-8 K-6 K-6 K-8 K-8 K-4 K-8 K-6 K-8 K-10 K-7 Charter Enrollment School? 385 Yes 334 149 338 192 430 103 452 214 405 103 450 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No No No No No No
School Name Arts and Technology Academy of Pontiac Bay County Public School Academy Bingham Arts Academy Business Entrepreneurship Science and Technology Public Capital Area Academy Center Academy Discovery Arts & Technology Grand Blanc Academy Jackson Arts and Technology Academy Kalamazoo Advantage Academy Ojibwe Charter School Richfield Public School Academy
School Location Pontiac, MI Bay City, MI Alpena, MI Highland Park, MI Lansing, MI Flint, MI Inkster, MI Grand Blanc, MI Jackson, MI Kalamazoo, MI Brimley, MI Flint, MI
New York
School Name Our World Neighborhood Charter School
School Location Astoria, NY
Ohio
Year Founded 2005 2005 2004 Grade Levels Served K-5 K-5 K-6 Charter Enrollment School? 101 Yes 295 537 Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No
School Name Academy of Arts & Humanities Cleveland Arts & Social Sciences Academy Columbus Arts and Technology Academy
School Location Warren, OH Cleveland, OH Columbus, OH
Page 82 of 167

Columbus Cornerstone Literacy & Technology Columbus Humanities Arts and Technology Academy Columbus Preparatory Academy Lorain Preparatory Academy Preparing Academic Leaders Academy Youngstown Academy of Excellence
Columbus, OH Columbus, OH Columbus, OH Lorain, OH Maple Heights, OH Youngstown, OH
2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005
K-4 K-6 K-6 K-5 K-5 K-5
55 339 359 129 237 107
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No No No No No No
Pennsylvania
School Name Bear Creek Community Charter School Fell Charter School Graystone Academy Charter School Leadership Learning Partners Charter School Ronald H. Brown Academy
School Location Wilkes Barre, PA Simpson, PA Coatesville, PA Philadelphia, PA Harrisburg, PA
Total Number of Schools: 34 Total Enrollment: 12,157 States Operated in: AZ, CO, DC, DE, IN, MI, NY, OH, PA

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 0 0 0 4 2 4 0
Page 83 of 167

School Types
# of Schools 31 0 0 3 0
Primary
Other
31
New Schools Opened

8
Number

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
6 4 2 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
4 2
3
5 7
7
Report Year

40
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools 2
8 12
22
21 24
27
34
30 20 10 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year
Page 84 of 167

Enrollment
15000 Number 10000 5000 0 1998-99 2002-03 2003-04 Report Year 2004-05 2005-06
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 850 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Unknown Unknown Unknown 9807 10061 9995 12157

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In 2 3 5 11 7 8 9 9
Number
Report Year
Page 85 of 167
National Heritage Academies

Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address Address 3850 Broadmoor Ave SE, Ste 201 616-575-6800 www.heritageacademies 1995 Private Profitable .com Grand Rapids, MI 49512 616-575-6801
Company Schools by State Indiana

School Name Andrew J. Brown Academy
School Location Indianapolis, IN
Michigan
Year Founded 1999 2000 1999 1997 2004 2002 2004 1997 1998 1995 2004 2004 2003 2003 Grade Levels Served K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-6 K-8 K-6 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-6 K-6 K-6 K-7 Charter Enrollment School? 715 Yes 687 618 702 554 681 520 648 603 701 559 296 393 567 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
School Name Burton Glen Charter Academy Canton Charter Academy Chandler Woods Charter Academy Cross Creek Charter Academy Detroit Enterprise Academy Detroit Merit Charter Academy Detroit Valor Academy Eagle Crest Charter Academy Endeavor Charter Academy Excel Charter Academy Fortis Academy Great Oaks Academy Hamtramck Academy Keystone Academy
School Location Burton, MI Canton, MI Belmont, MI Byron Center, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Holland, MI Springfield, MI Grand Rapids, MI Ypsilanti, MI Madison Heights, MI Hamtramck, MI Belleville, MI
Page 86 of 167

Knapp Charter Academy Laurus Academy Linden Charter Academy Metro Charter Academy North Saginaw Charter Academy Paragon Charter Academy Paramount Charter Academy Prevail Academy Ridge Park Charter Academy South Arbor Charter Academy Timberland Charter Academy Triumph Academy Vanderbilt Charter Academy Vanguard Charter Academy Vista Charter Academy Walker Charter Academy Walton Charter Academy Warrendale Charter Academy Windemere Park Charter Academy
Grand Rapids, MI Southfield, MI Flint, MI Romulus, MI Saginaw, MI Jackson, MI Kalamazoo, MI Mount Clemens, MI Kentwood, MI Ypsilanti, MI Muskegon, MI Monroe, MI Holland, MI Wyoming, MI Grand Rapids, MI Walker, MI Pontiac, MI Detroit, MI Lansing, MI
1997 2004 1999 2000 1999 1998 1998 2004 1998 1999 1998 2004 1996 1996 1996 1997 1999 2001 1999
K-8 K-6 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-6 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-6 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8
681 515 638 653 578 634 622 438 568 678 593 381 438 659 660 662 689 684 704
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
New York
School Name Brooklyn Excelsior Charter School Buffalo United Charter School
School Location Brooklyn, NY Buffalo, NY
Page 87 of 167

Southside Charter School
Syracuse, NY
2002
K-6
380
Yes
No
North Carolina
School Name Forsyth Academies Greensboro Academy PreEminent Charter School Queens Grant Community School Research Triangle Charter Academy
School Location Winston Salem, NC Greensboro, NC Raleigh, NC Mint Hill, NC Durham, NC
Ohio
Year Founded 2003 2004 2005 2004 2002 2004 2003 2004 2004 Grade Levels Served K-7 K-6 K-5 K-6 K-8 K-6 K-7 K-6 K-6 Charter Enrollment School? 501 Yes 504 414 371 688 482 637 570 534 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No No No
School Name Alliance Academy of Cincinnati Apex Academy Bennett Venture Academy Emerson Academy of Dayton North Dayton School of Discovery Orion Academy Pathway School of Discovery Pinnacle Academy Winterfield Venture Academy
School Location Cincinnatti, OH Cleveland, OH Toledo, OH Dayton, OH Dayton, OH Cincinnatti, OH Dayton, OH Euclid, OH Toledo, OH
Total Number of Schools: 51 Total Enrollment: 29,848 States Operated in: IN, MI, NC, NY, OH
Page 88 of 167


Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Schools No Longer Profiled for this Reporting Period New York

School Name Rochester Leadership Academy Charter School School Location Rochester, NY Reason No Longer Profiled National Heritage Academies reports "Rochester Leadership closed in June 2005 due to non-renewal by authorizer," per company profile response, 12/22/05.
Page 89 of 167

School Types
# of Schools 51 0 0 0 0
Primary
51
New Schools Opened

15
Number

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
10 5 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
5 1
4
7 12
1
Report Year

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools 14
22 27
28
32 39
51
51
Number
Report Year
Page 90 of 167

Enrollment
40000 Number 30000 20000 10000 0 199899 199900 200001 2001- 200202 03 Report Year 200304 200405 200506
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 4385 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 7920 11396 13917 17043 20929 26674 29848

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5
Number
Report Year
Page 91 of 167
Planagement Group, L.P., The

Telephone and Fax Address 05 SH 121 Bypass, Bldg D Ste 10 972-316-3663 Lewisville, TX 75067 972-315-9506
Web Address www.planagement.org
Year Privately Held / Founded Publicly Traded Profitability 2001 Private Not Profitable
Company Schools by State Texas

Year Founded 1999 2001 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2004 1998 1999 2003 1999 1999 2003 Grade Levels Served 6-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 7-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 6-12 8-12 Charter Enrollment School? 206 Yes 217 194 155 95 115 92 143 88 112 172 88 153 125 90 162 162 10 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
School Name Eagle Academies of Texas Abilene Eagle Academies of Texas - Austin Eagle Academies of Texas Beaumont Eagle Academies of Texas Brownsville Eagle Academies of Texas - Bryan Eagle Academies of Texas - Dallas Eagle Academies of Texas - Del Rio Eagle Academies of Texas - Fort Worth Eagle Academies of Texas - Laredo Eagle Academies of Texas Lubbock Eagle Academies of Texas Midland Eagle Academies of Texas Mission Eagle Academies of Texas - Pharr Eagle Academies of Texas - San Antonio Eagle Academies of Texas - Trinity Eagle Academies of Texas - Tyler Eagle Academies of Texas - Waco Eagle Academy of Lindale
School Location Abilene, TX Austin, TX Beaumont, TX Brownsville, TX Bryan, TX Dallas, TX Del Rio, TX Fort Worth, TX Laredo, TX Lubbock, TX Midland, TX Mission, TX Pharr, TX San Antonio, TX Trinity, TX Tyler, TX Waco, TX Lindale, TX
Page 92 of 167

Total Number of Schools: 18 Total Enrollment: 2,379 States Operated in: TX

Page 93 of 167

School Types
# of Schools 0 0 2 16 0
High
Other
16
New Schools Opened

20
Number

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
15 10 5 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
0 1
0
2 1
0

20
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools N/A
15 15
16
15 17
18
18
15 10 5 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Page 94 of 167

Enrollment
3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 N/A 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 726 1936 2288 2244 2389 2301 2379
Number

2 Number
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In N/A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Page 95 of 167
Richard Milburn High School, Inc.

Address 27 Congress St, Ste 204 Salem, MA 09170
Web Address www.nesihq.org

Year Founded 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Grade Levels Served 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 Charter Enrollment School? 230 Yes 299 174 107 278 Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No
School Name RMA - Bradenton RMA - Fort Myers RMA - New Port Richey RMA - Sarasota RMA - Tampa
School Location Bradenton, FL Fort Myers, FL New Port Richey, FL Sarasota, FL Tampa, FL
Illinois
Year Founded 1997 Grade Levels Served 9-12 Charter Enrollment School? 79 No Virtual School? No
School Name RMHS - Chicago
School Location Chicago, IL
North Carolina
Year Founded 1996 Grade Levels Served 6-12 Charter Enrollment School? 277 No Virtual School? No
School Name RMHS - Wake County
School Location Raleigh, NC
Texas
Year Founded 2000 2000 1998 Grade Levels Served 9-12 9-12 9-12 Charter Enrollment School? 150 Yes 235 182 Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No
School Name RMA - Amarillo RMA - Beaumont RMA - Corpus Christi
School Location Amarillo, TX Beaumont, TX Corpus Christi, TX
Page 96 of 167

RMA - Fort Worth RMA - Houston RMA - Killeen RMA - Lubbock RMA - Midland RMA -Odessa
Fort Worth, TX Houston, TX Kileen, TX Lubbock, TX Midland, TX Odessa, TX
2003 2003 1998 2000 1998 2003
9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12
159 185 185 155 194 168
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No No No No No No
Virginia
Year Founded 1994 1989 Grade Levels Served 7-12 7-12 Charter Enrollment School? 29 No 148 No Virtual School? No No
School Name RMHS - Fairfax County RMHS - Prince William County
School Location Dumfries, VA Dumfries, VA
Total Number of Schools: 18 Total Enrollment: 3,234 States Operated in: FL, IL, NC, TX, VA

Page 97 of 167

Schools No Longer Profiled for this Reporting Period Delaware

School Name RMA - Delaware School Location Wilmington, DE Reason No Longer Profiled Richard Milburn High School, Inc. representative Robert H. Crosby reports that the "internal Charter Board decided to close its school," 10/7/05.
School Name Richared Milburn Public Charter Alternative High School School Location Washington D.C., DC Reason No Longer Profiled Richard Milburn High School, Inc. representative Robert H. Crosby reports that the "internal Charter Board decided to close its school," 10/7/05.
Page 98 of 167

School Types
# of Schools 0 0 17 1 0
High
Other
17
New Schools Opened

5 4 3 2 1 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
Number
4 1
2
3 0
0
Report Year

20
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools 12
14 17
16
17 18
18
18
15 10 5 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year
Page 99 of 167

Enrollment
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 1560 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2024 2602 3294 3485 4485 4339 3234
Number
Report Year

10 8 6 4 2 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In 7 8 9 7 6 6 5 5
Number
Report Year
Page 100 of 167
Victory Schools, Inc.

Address 111 W 57th St, Ste 525 New York, NY 10019
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 212-786-7900 www.victoryschools.com 1999 Private Profitable 212-265-1742
Company Schools by State New York

Year Founded 2004 2004 2000 2004 2000 1999 2004 Grade Levels Served K-4 K-3 K-6 K-3 K-7 K-5 K-1 Charter Enrollment School? 175 Yes 235 500 200 450 225 150 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual School? No No No No No No No
School Name Charter School of Educational Excellence Grand Concourse Academy Charter School Merrick Academy Peninsula Preparatory Academy Roosevelt Chidrens Academy Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem South Bronx Charter School for International Culture and the Arts
School Location Yonkers, NY Bronx, NY Queens Village, NY Far Rockaway, NY Roosevelt, NY New York, NY Bronx, NY
Pennsylvania
Year Founded 2002 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 Grade Levels Served K-6 6-11 5-8 K-6 K-6 7-11 Charter Enrollment School? 410 No 730 1000 600 415 750 No No No No No Virtual School? No No No No No No
School Name Anna B. Pratt Elementary E.W. Washington Rhodes Middle School George W. Pepper Middle School Mary McLeod Bethune Academy Richard R. Wright Academy Thomas FitzSimons Mens Leadership Academy Total Number of Schools: 13 Total Enrollment: 5,840 States Operated in: NY, PA
School Location Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA
Page 101 of 167


Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Schools No Longer Profiled for this Reporting Period Pennsylvania

School Name Thomas FitzSimon's Women's Leadership Academy School Location Philadelphia, PA Reason No Longer Profiled Victory Schools, Inc. reports that school no longer in operation per company profile response, 12/21/05.
Page 102 of 167

School Types
2 1
Primary
Middle
Other
# of Schools 10 1 0 2 0
10
New Schools Opened

8
Number

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
6 4 2 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
2 2
6
1 3
1

15
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools N/A
2 3
5
10 11
13
13
10 5 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Page 103 of 167

Enrollment
8000 Number 6000 4000 2000 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Report Year 2004-05 2005-06

4 Number 3 2 1 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In N/A 1 1 2 3 3 2 2
Page 104 of 167
White Hat Management

Address 159 South Main St, Ste 600 Akron, OH 44308
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 330-535-6868 www.whitehatmgmt.com 1998 Private Unknown 330-535-5055

Year Founded 2002 Grade Levels Served 9-12 Charter Enrollment School? 136 Yes Virtual School? No
School Name Life Skills Center of Arizona
School Location Phoenix, AZ
Colorado
Year School Location Founded Colorado Springs, CO 2004 Denver, CO 2003 Grade Levels Served 9-12 9-12 Charter Enrollment School? 180 Yes 383 Yes Virtual School? No No
School Name Life Skills Center of Colorado Springs Life Skills Center of Denver
Michigan
Year Founded 2004 2004 Grade Levels Served 9-12 9-12 Charter Enrollment School? 567 Yes 243 Yes Virtual School? No No
School Name Life Skills Center of Metropolitan Detroit Life Skills Center of Pontiac
School Location Detroit, MI Burton, MI
Ohio
School Name Hope Academy - Broadway Hope Academy - Brown Street Hope Academy - Cathedral Hope Academy - Chapelside Hope Academy - Lincoln Park
School Location Cleveland, OH Akron, OH Cleveland, OH Cleveland, OH Cleveland, OH
Page 105 of 167

Hope Academy - North Coast Hope Academy - University Hope Academy- West Cuyahoga Campus Hope Academy-Canton Hope Academy-East Campus Hope Academy-High School Campus Hope Academy-Northwest Life Skills Center - Canton Life Skills Center - Northern Columbus Life Skills Center - Southeastern Columbus Life Skills Center - Southwestern Columbus Life Skills Center of Akron Life Skills Center of Cincinnati Life Skills Center of Cleveland (East) Life Skills Center of Elyria Life Skills Center of Hamilton County (North) Life Skills Center of Lake Erie Life Skills Center of Middletown Life Skills Center of Northeast Ohio Life Skills Center of Springfield Life Skills Center of Summit County Life Skills Center of Trumbull County Life Skills Center of Youngstown Life Skills Center-Toledo
Cleveland, OH Akron, OH Cleveland, OH Canton, OH Cleveland, OH Cleveland, OH Cleveland, OH Canton, OH Columbus, OH Columbus, OH Grove City, OH Akron, OH Cincinnatti, OH Cleveland, OH Elyria, OH Cincinnatti, OH Cleveland, OH Middletown, OH Cleveland, OH Springfield, OH Akron, OH Warren, OH Youngstown, OH Toledo, OH
2002 1998 2001 2002 2003 2003 2004 2002 2002 2002 2002 1999 1999 1999 2003 2003 2003 2001 2003 2001 2003 2000 1999 2002
K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 9-12 K-8 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12
278 201 390 433 395 224 323 316 516 447 315 512 467 456 420 330 466 227 557 197 250 306 317 419
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Page 106 of 167

Life Skils Center of Metro Cleveland ODELHA Academy Riverside Academy
Cleveland, OH Akron, OH Cincinnatti, OH
2004 2002 1999
9-12 K-12 K-8
196 2455 468
Yes Yes Yes
No Yes No
Pennsylvania
School Name PDELA
School Location Swickley, PA
Total Number of Schools: 38 Total Enrollment: 15,613 States Operated in: AZ, CO, MI, OH, PA

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Page 107 of 167

School Types
2 12
Primary
High
Other
# of Schools 12 0 24 2 0
24
New Schools Opened

8
Number

2000-01 2001-02
2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06
6 4 2 0 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
1 0
7
Unknown 6
0

40
Number
Report Year 1998-99

1999-00 2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
# of Schools Unknown
12 9
15
25 30
38
38
30 20 10 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Page 108 of 167

Enrollment
20000 Number 15000 10000 5000 0 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Report Year # of Students 1998-99 Unknown 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Unknown Unknown Unknown 6149 6149 18318 15613
Report Year

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Report Year
Report Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
States Op. In Unknown 1 1 1 3 2 5 5
Number
Page 109 of 167

Medium Companies: Managing 4 to 9 Schools
Page 110 of 167
Choice Schools Associates

Medium Company: Managing 4 to 9 Schools
Address PO Box 141493 Grand Rapids, MI 49514
Year Privately Held / Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 1998 Private Profitable 616-785-8440 www.choiceschools.com 616-785-8455
Telephone and Fax
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-6 K-8 K-8 K-8 9-12 K-6 K-8 K-12
School Name Benton Harbor Charter School Creative Learning Academy of Science, Mathematics and Humanities Creative Montessori Academy Grattan Academy Elementary School Grattan Academy High School Sunrise Education Center Three Oaks Academy West Michigan Academy of Environmental Science Total # of Schools: 8 Total Enrollment: 1,682 States Operated in: MI
School Location Benton Harbor, MI Beaverton, MI Southgate, MI Belding, MI Greenville, MI Tawas City, MI Muskegon, MI Walker, MI
Year Founded 1999 1996 2001 1996 2003 1996 2003 1996
Charter Enrollment School? 462 Yes 57 529 125 37 46 88 338 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Virtual School? No No No No No No No No

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0
Page 111 of 167
CS Partners, LLC
Web Address 10051 E. Highland Rd, Ste 29-360 810-632-5113 www.charterschoolpartn ers.com Howell, MI 48843 810-632-6074 Address
Telephone and Fax
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-8 K-12 K-6 K-8 9-12
School Name Charyl Stockwell Academy Conner Creek Academy East Hillsdale Preparatory School Huron Academy Kinsington Woods High School
School Location Howell, MI Roseville, MI Hillsdale, MI Sterling Heights, MI Howell, MI
Year Founded 1996 1996 1998 1999 1995
Charter Enrollment School? 611 Yes 720 39 455 210 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Virtual School? No No No No No
Total # of Schools: 5 Total Enrollment: 2,035 States Operated in: MI

Page 112 of 167
Educational Services of America, Inc.

Address 1585 N. Milwaukee Ave Liberty, IL 60048
Web Address www.ombudsman.com
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served 6-12 9-12 6-12 6-12 9-12
School Name Ombudsman Learning Center - East Ombudsman Learning Center - Metro Ombudsman Learning Center Northeast Ombudsman Learning Center Northwest Ombudsman Learning Center - West
School Location Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ Glendale, AZ
Year Founded 1996 1999 2000 2002 1998
Total # of Schools: 5 Total Enrollment: 448 States Operated in: AZ

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0
Page 113 of 167
Excel Education Centers, Inc.

Address 1040 Whipple St. Ste. 324 Prescott, AZ 86305
Year Privately Held / Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 1995 Private Break-even 928-778-5764 www.exceleducationcent ers.org 928-445-2989
Telephone and Fax
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12
School Name Excel Education Center - Chino Valley Excel Education Center - Cottonwood Excel Education Center - Flagstaff Excel Education Center - Flagstaff Williams Campus Excel Education Center - Fort Mohave Excel Education Center - Prescott Excel Education Center - Prescott Valley Excel Education Center - San Carlos
School Location Chino Valley, AZ Cottonwood, AZ Flagstaff, AZ Williams, AZ Fort Mohave, AZ Prescott, AZ Prescott Valley, AZ Peridot, AZ
Year Founded 1999 1995 1996 2003 2001 1995 1996 1996
Charter Enrollment School? 84 Yes 49 144 40 100 82 123 65 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 114 of 167
Global Educational Excellence

Address 341 E. Huron Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Web Address gee-edu.com
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-8 K-12 6-11 K-5
School Name Bridge Academy Central Academy Frontier International Academy Riverside Academy
School Location Hamtramck, MI Ann Arbor, MI Hamtramck, MI Dearborne, MI
Year Founded 2004 1996 2005 2003
Charter Enrollment School? 309 Yes 368 320 221 Yes Yes Yes
Virtual School? No No No No

Page 115 of 167
Nobel Learning Communities, Inc.

Address 1615 West Chester Pike West Chester, PA 19382
Web Address 484-947-2000 www.nobellearning.com 484-947-2003
Telephone and Fax
Year Privately Held / Founded Publicly Traded Profitability 1984 Public Profitable
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served 9-12 K-5 K-8 5-8
School Name Franklin Towne Charter School People for People Charter School Philadelphia Academy Charter School Philadelphia Maritime Academy Charter School Total # of Schools: 4 Total Enrollment: 2,109 States Operated in: PA
School Location Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA
Year Founded 2000 2001 1999 2003
Charter Enrollment School? 685 Yes 360 764 300 Yes Yes Yes
Virtual School? No No No No

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools N/A 0 0 0 2 0 0
Page 116 of 167
Pinnacle Education, Inc.

Address 2224 W. Southern, Ste 1 Tempe, AZ 85282
Web Address www.pin-ed.com
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-8 K-8 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12
School Name Day Star Academy Freedom Academy Kino Academy Pinnacle Education Pinnacle High School - Casa Grande Pinnacle High School - Mesa Pinnacle High School - Tempe Pinnacle Virtual High School Westmark High School
School Location Phoenix, AZ Scottsdale, AZ Nogales, AZ Tempe, AZ Casa Grande, AZ Mesa, AZ Tempe, AZ Tempe, AZ Chandler, AZ
Year Founded 2001 2002 2001 2001 1999 1999 1995 2003 2001
Charter Enrollment School? 185 Yes 150 140 90 145 180 145 212 80 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Virtual School? No No No No No No No Yes No
Total # of Schools: 9 Total Enrollment: 1,327 States Operated in: AZ

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0
Page 117 of 167
Romine Group, LLC, The

Address 7877 Stead, Ste 100 Utica, MI 48317
Web Address 586-731-5300 www.therominegroup.co m 586-731-5307
Telephone and Fax
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-5 K-5 K-5 K-7 K-8
School Name Bradford Academy Hanley International Academy Madison Academy Merritt Academy Trillium Academy
School Location Southfield, MI Hamtramck, MI Burton, MI New Haven, MI Taylor, MI
Year Founded 2003 2005 2004 2002 2002

Page 118 of 167
SABIS Educational Systems

Address 6385 Beach Rd Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Web Address www.sabis.net
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-7 K-11 K-12 K-12 K-8 K-7 K-8 K-12
School Name Holyoke Community Charter School International Academy of Flint SABIS International Charter School SABIS International School SABIS Milestone Academy of New Orleans The International Charter School of Schenectady The International College Preparatory Academy of Cincinnati The International School of Minnesota
School Location Holyoke, MA Flint, MI Springfield, MA Phoenix, AZ New Orleans, LA Schenectady, NY Cincinnatti, OH Eden Prarie, MN
Year Founded 2005 1999 1995 2001 2002 2002 2003 1985
Charter Enrollment School? 600 Yes 735 1375 680 200 580 500 500 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Total # of Schools: 8 Total Enrollment: 5,170 States Operated in: AZ, LA, MA, MI, MN, NY, OH

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 # of Schools 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
Page 119 of 167

Small Companies: Managing 3 or Fewer Schools
Page 120 of 167
Accelerated Elementary and Secondary Schools

Small Company: Managing 3 or fewer Schools
Address 5245 N Camino de Oeste Tucson, AZ 85745
Web Address allgrades.com
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-12
School Name Accelerated Elementary and Secondary Schools Total # of Schools: 1 Total Enrollment: 320 States Operated in: AZ
Year Founded 1998
Charter Enrollment School? 320 Yes
Virtual School? No
Page 121 of 167
Accelerated Learning Center, Inc.

Address 4105 E Shea Blvd Phoenix, AZ 85028
Web Address None
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served 9-12
School Name Accelerated Learning Center
Year Founded 1997
Virtual School? No
Page 122 of 167
Allen-Cochran Enterprises
Address 1691 W Grand Canyon Dr Chandler, AZ 85248
Web Address None
Company Schools
School Name Center for Educational Excellence
School Location Tempe, AZ
Year Founded 1997
Virtual School? No
Page 123 of 167
American Basic Schools, LLC

Address 827 E 6th Ave Mesa, AZ 85204
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 480-964-4602 www.burkebasicschool.c 1999 Private Profitable om 480-655-7870
Company Schools
School Name Burke Basic School
Year Founded 1999
Virtual School? No
Page 124 of 167
APEX Education Systems, Inc.

Address 1313 N 2nd St, #17 Phoenix, AZ 85004
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 602-252-7727 www.summitelementary. 1999 Private Profitable com 602-252-7729
Company Schools
School Name Summit Elementary
Year Founded 1999
Virtual School? No
Page 125 of 167
Benjamin Franklin Charter School

Address 13732 E. Warner Rd. Gilbert, AZ 85296
Web Address None
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-8 K-6 K-5
School Name Benjamin Franklin Charter School Queen Creek Benjamin Franklin Charter School Gilbert Benjamin Franklin Charter School Mesa Total # of Schools: 3 Total Enrollment: 1,254 States Operated in: AZ
School Location Queen Creek, AZ Gilbert, AZ Mesa, AZ
Year Founded 1996 1997 1995
Charter Enrollment School? 475 Yes 501 278 Yes Yes
Virtual School? No No No
Page 126 of 167
Black Star Educational Management

Address 22180 Parklawn Oak Park, MI 48237
Web Address None
Company Schools
School Name Nsoroma Institute
School Location Oak Park, MI
Year Founded 1997
Virtual School? No
Total # of Schools: 1 Total Enrollment: 267 States Operated in: MI
Page 127 of 167
Bright Beginnings School, Inc.

Address 400 N Andersen Blvd Chandler, AZ 85224
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 480-821-1404 www.brightbeginnings.k1 1994 Private Unknown 2.az.us 480-821-1463
Company Schools
School Name Bright Beginnings School
School Location Chandler, AZ
Year Founded 1994
Virtual School? No
Page 128 of 167
Compass High School, Inc.

Address 8250 E 22nd St, #128 Tucson, AZ 85710
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 520-296-4070 www.compasshsgators.o 2001 Private Unknown rg 520-296-4103
Company Schools
School Name Compass High School
Year Founded 2001
Virtual School? No
Page 129 of 167
Cornerstone Charter School, Inc.

Address 7107 N Black Canyon Phoenix, AZ 85021
Web Address None
Company Schools
School Name Cornerstone Charter School
Year Founded 2000
Virtual School? No
Page 130 of 167
Country Gardens Educational Services, LLC

Address 6313 W. Southern Rd. Laveen, AZ 85339
Web Address None
Company Schools
School Name Country Gardens Charter School
School Location Laveen, AZ
Year Founded 2000
Virtual School? No
Page 131 of 167
Desert Springs Academy

Address 3833 E 2nd St Tucson, AZ 85716
Telephone and Fax Web Address 520-321-9233 www.desertspringsacad emy.com 520-321-9316
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-6 K-8
School Name Desert Springs Academy Desert Springs Academy
School Location Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ
Year Founded 2000 1999
Charter Enrollment School? 116 Yes 182 Yes
Virtual School? No No
Page 132 of 167
Eastpointe High School, Inc.

Address 8495 E Broadway Tucson, AZ 85710
Web Address www.eastpointehs.com
Company Schools
School Name Eastpointe High School
Year Founded 1999
Virtual School? No
Page 133 of 167
Educational Impact, Inc.

Address 33902 N Flowing Wells Rd Tucson, AZ 85705
Web Address None
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-4 K
School Name Academy Adventures Primary School Adventure School
School Location Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ
Page 134 of 167
GAR, LLC
Address 1833 N Scottsdale Rd Tempe, AZ 85281
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 480-947-9511 www.studentchoicehighs 2000 Private Unknown chool.net 480-947-9624
Company Schools
School Name Student Choice High School
School Location Tempe, AZ
Year Founded 2000
Virtual School? No
Page 135 of 167
Hamadeh Educational Services, LLC

Address PO Box 1440 Dearborn, MI 48121
Web Address None
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-2 K-11 K-12
School Name Universal Learning Academy Universal Academy Star International Academy
School Location Dearborn Heights, MI Detroit, MI Dearborn Heights, MI
Page 136 of 167
Heritage Academy, Inc.

Address 32 S Center Mesa, AZ 85210
Telephone and Fax Web Address 480-969-5641 www.heritageacademya z.com 480-969-6972
Company Schools
School Name Heritage Academy
Year Founded 1995
Virtual School? No
Page 137 of 167
Innovative Teaching Solutions

Address 26211 Central Pk Blvd, Ste 300 Southfield, MI 48076
Web Address www.oldredford.com
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-5 9-12 6-8
School Name Old Redford Academy Elementary School Old Redford Academy Preparatory High School Old Redford Academy Middle School Total # of Schools: 3 Total Enrollment: 1,248 States Operated in: MI
School Location Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI
Page 138 of 167
Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff, Inc.

Address 1000 E Appalachian Rd Flagstaff, AZ 86004
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 928-774-8685 www.flagmontessori.com 1995 Private Profitable 928-774-7690
Company Schools
School Name Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff Total # of Schools: 1 Total Enrollment: 254 States Operated in: AZ
School Location Flagstaff, AZ
Year Founded 1995
Virtual School? No
Page 139 of 167
Montessori Schoolhouse of Tucson

Address 1301 E Fort Lowell Rd Tucson, AZ 85719
Web Address None
Company Schools
School Name Montessori Schoolhouse
Year Founded 1997
Virtual School? No
Page 140 of 167
ORBIS Management Group, LLC

Address 23885 Denton St Clinton Township, MI 48036
Web Address www.orbisgroup.com
Company Schools
School Name Walden Green Day School
School Location Spring Lake, MI
Year Founded 1994
Virtual School? No
Page 141 of 167
Rose Mangement Group

Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address Address 3686 W Orange Grove Rd, #192 520-229-1777 www.rosemanagement.c 1998 Private Unknown om Tucson, AZ 85741 520-797-8868
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served 9-12 9-12 9-12
School Name Desert Rose Academy Canyon Rose Academy Mountain Rose Academy
School Location Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ
Page 142 of 167
Schoolhouse Services and Staffing, Inc.

Address 22930 Chippewa Detroit, MI 48219
Web Address None
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served K-6 6-12 9-12
School Name Dove Academy Weston Technical Academy Detroit School of Industrial Arts
School Location Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI
Page 143 of 167
Self Development Charter School

Address 1709 N. Greenfield Rd. Mesa, AZ 85205
Web Address None
Company Schools
School Name Self Development Charter School
Year Founded 2000
Virtual School? No
Page 144 of 167
Smart Schools Management

Address 1245 E Hammond Rd Traverse City, MI 49686
Telephone Year Privately Held / and Fax Founded Publicly Traded Profitability Web Address 231-932-6015 www.smartschoolsinc.co 1996 Private Unknown m 231-922-9392
Company Schools
School Name Grand Traverse Academy
School Location Traverse City, MI
Year Founded 2000
Virtual School? No
Page 145 of 167
Southern Arizona Community Academy, Inc.

Address 2470 N. Tucson Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85716
Web Address None
Company Schools
School Name Southern Arizona Community High School Total # of Schools: 1 Total Enrollment: 238 States Operated in: AZ
Year Founded 2000
Virtual School? No
Page 146 of 167
Synergy Training Solutions

Address 24535 Jefferson St.Clair Shores, MI 48080
Web Address None
Company Schools
Grade Levels Served 9-12 9-12
School Name Michigan Health Academy HEART Academy
School Location Detroit, MI Harper Woods, MI
Page 147 of 167
Talented and Gifted Charter School, LLC

Address 10129 E Speedway Blvd Tucson, AZ 85748
Web Address None
Company Schools
School Name TAG Charter School
Year Founded 1998
Virtual School? No
Page 148 of 167

Virtual Schools
Page 149 of 167
For-Profit Virtual Schools Listed by State

The following is a list of virtual schools which are managed by for-profit education management organizations.
Arizona
School Name Arizona Virtual Academy Pinnacle Virtual High School Arizona Connections Academy Parent Company K12, Inc. Pinnacle Education, Inc. Telephone Unknown 602-414-0950 Web Address www.azva.org pin-ed.com Unknown Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2003 1540 Yes 2003 2005 212 400 Yes Yes
Connections Academy 480-782-5842
Arkansas
School Name Arkansas Virtual School Parent Company K12, Inc. Telephone Unknown Web Address www.arvs.org Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2002 400 No
California
School Name Capistrano Connections Academy Southern California Connections Academy California Virtual Academy at Jamestown California Virtual Academy at Kern California Virtual Academy at San Diego California Virtual Academy at San Mateo California Virtual Academy at Sonoma California Virtual Academy at Kings Parent Company Telephone Web Address Unknown Unknown www.caliva.org www.caliva.org www.caliva.org www.caliva.org www.caliva.org www.caliva.org Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2004 400 Yes 2004 2002 2002 2002 2004 2004 2002 0 580 580 582 580 580 580 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Connections Academy 949-249-2260 Connections Academy K12, Inc. K12, Inc. K12, Inc. K12, Inc. K12, Inc. K12, Inc. Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Page 150 of 167

Colorado
School Name Denver Connections Academy Littleton Connections Academy Part-Time Colorado Virtual Academy Parent Company Telephone Web Address Unknown Unknown www.covcs.org Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2002 400 No 2004 2001 10 2350 No Yes
Connections Academy 303-794-2312 Connections Academy 303-347-4725 K12, Inc. Unknown
Florida
School Name Florida Connections Academy Florida Virtual Academy Parent Company Telephone Web Address Unknown www.flva.org Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2003 500 No 2003 500 No
Connections Academy 407-353-5203 K12, Inc. Unknown
Idaho
School Name INSPIRE Idaho Virtual Academy Parent Company Telephone Web Address Unknown www.idahova.org Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2005 150 Yes 2002 1800 Yes
Maryland
School Name Community Academy Public Charter School Parent Company K12, Inc. Telephone Unknown Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? www.capcsonline 2004 20 Yes .org Web Address
Minnesota
School Name MTS Minnesota Connections Academy Parent Company Telephone Web Address Unknown Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2005 200 No
Page 151 of 167

Ohio
School Name Ohio Virtual Academy ODELHA Academy Parent Company K12, Inc. White Hat Management Telephone Unknown Unknown Web Address www.ohva.org Unknown Unknown Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2002 3300 Yes 2002 2003 2455 900 Yes Yes
Ohio Connections Academy Connections Academy 513-533-3230
Oregon
School Name Oregon Connections Academy Parent Company Telephone Web Address Unknown Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2005 700 Yes
Pennsylvania
School Name PDELA Pennsylvania Virtual Charter School Commonwealth Connections Academy Parent Company White Hat Management K12, Inc. Telephone Unknown Unknown Web Address Unknown www.pavcs.org Unknown Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2004 307 Yes 2001 2003 4500 1100 Yes Yes
Wisconsin
School Name Wisconsin Connections Academy Wisconsin Virtual Academy Parent Company Telephone Web Address Unknown www.wivcs.org Year Charter Founded Enrollment School? 2002 450 Yes 2003 630 Yes
Page 152 of 167

Appendices
Page 153 of 167
Appendix A: Readers Guide

Key to Tables N/A: U: 0: Not applicable. Company was not tracked during this reporting period. Unknown. Company was tracked but data were not available or were unreported. Zero. None reported.
Miscellaneous Notes Large company pie chart categories are based on Common Core of Data defined instructional levels. Information for no-longer-profiled, small-EMOs schools was not tracked. Notes in Appendix B indicate companies that did not respond to repeated requests for company and school data. If there are no notes for a specific company, assume that an updated company profile was returned as a part of this project.
Definition of Terms Charter School: Charter schools provide free elementary/secondary education under a charter granted by the state legislature or other appropriate authority. Virtual School: An internet-based curriculum outside of the conventional brickand-mortar setting of traditional public and charter schools. Education Management Organization (EMO): An EMO is for-profit, manages at least one school that receives public funds, and operates the public school(s) it manages under the same admissions rules as regular public schools. Instructional Levels: Instructional levels are calculated from the lowest and highest grades for which students are enrolled in a school. o Primary schools are those with a low grade of pre-kindergarten through grade 3 and a high grade of up to 8. o Middle schools contain a low grade of 4-7 and a high grade ranging from 4-9. o High schools have a low grade of 7 to 12 and must extend through grade 12. o Other includes all other grade configurations, including schools that are completely ungraded.
Page 154 of 167
Source: CCD Data File: Public Elementary/Secondary school Universe Survey: School Year 2003-2004. http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2005369 Site: For our purposes, school and site are different as follows: o Counted as one school: Separate location/different principal; same location/same principal o Counted as two schools: Same location/different principal
Page 155 of 167
Appendix B: Special Notes on Company Profiles

Accelerated Elementary and Secondary Schools (p. 121) Accelerated Elementary and Secondary Schools use to be named and tracked under Accelerated Learning Laboratory. Accelerated Elementary and Secondary Schools did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. Accelerated Learning Center, Inc. (p. 122) Accelerated Learning Center, Inc. refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from Arizona Department of Education website on 6/21/05 and the National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 10/28/05. Benjamin Franklin Charter School (p. 126) Benjamin Franklin Charter School refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from the National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 10/28/05, Arizona Department of Education website on 7/7/05, and Greatschools.net on 7/7/05. Black Star Educational Management (p. 127) Black Star Educational Management did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. Bright Beginnings School, Inc. (p. 128) Bright Beginnings School, Inc. did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. Charter School Administrative Services (p. 35) Charter School Administrative Services refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from the Texas Education Agency and the Michigan Department of Education websites on 7/26/05. Charter Schools USA (p. 39) Profile data was compiled from three separate profile responses returned by Charter Schools USA.
Notes: All Notes refer to this reporting period, unless otherwise stated. Some companies have no associated notes.
Page 156 of 167
Compass High School, Inc. (p. 129) Compass High School, Inc. refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from the National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 10/28/05 and the Arizona Department of Education website on 9/17/05. Connections Academy (p. 43) Connections Academy did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. Cornerstone Charter School, Inc. (p. 130) Cornerstone Charter School, Inc. refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from the National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 10/28/05 and the Arizona Department of Education website on 9/17/05. Country Gardens Educational Services, LLC (p. 131) Country Gardens Educational Services, LLC refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from GreatSchools.net and the Arizona Department of Education website on 9/17/05. CS Partners, LLC (p. 112) CS Partners, LLC did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. Eastpointe High School, Inc. (p. 133) Eastpointe High School, Inc. did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. Educational Impact, Inc. (p. 134) Educational Impact, Inc. did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company.
Page 157 of 167
Educational Services of America, Inc. (p. 113) Educational Services of America, Inc. was previously tracked under Ombudsman Educational Services, Ltd. Educational Services of America, Inc. acquired Ombudsman Educational Services, Ltd. on 9/16/05. GAR, LLC (p. 135) GAR, LLC did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. Hamadeh Educational Services, LLC (p. 136) Hamadeh Educational Services, LLC did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. Helicon Associates (p. 59) Helicon Associates did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. Heritage Academy, Inc. (p. 137) Heritage Academy, Inc. refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from the National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 11/1/05, Public School Review website on 9/22/05, and the company website on 9/22/05. Imagine Schools (p. 63) Imagine Schools merged with Chancellor Beacon Academies in 6/04. Prior to that Chancellor Beacon Academies formed as a result of a merger of Beacon Education Management and Chancellor Academies in 12/01. This report has tracked these companies under their respective names since 1998. K12, Inc. (p. 70) K12, Inc. did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. Mosaica Education, Inc. (p. 81) Mosaica Education, Inc. did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company.
Page 158 of 167
Nobel Learning Communities, Inc. (p. 116) Nobel Learning Communities, Inc. refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from the School District of Philadelphia website on 10/17/05, Greatschools.net on 10/17/05, and National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 11/3/05. ORBIS Management Group, LLC (p. 141) ORBIS Management Group, LLC refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from Michigan Association of Public School Academies website on 10/7/05 and the National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 10/31/05. Rose Mangement Group (p. 142) Rose Mangement Group refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from the National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 11/3/05, the Arizona Department of Education website on 11/1/05, and company/school websites on 11/7/05. Schoolhouse Services and Staffing, Inc. (p. 143) Schoolhouse Services and Staffing, Inc. refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from Michigan Association of Public School Academies website on 10/7/05, Greatschools.net on 10/6/05, and the National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 11/3/05. Self Development Charter School (p. 144) Self Development Charter School refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from the National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 11/4/05, Arizona Department of Education website on 11/1/05, and Greatschools.net on 10/6/05. Smart Schools Management (p. 145) Smart Schools Management did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company.
Page 159 of 167
Southern Arizona Community Academy, Inc. (p. 146) Southern Arizona Community Academy, Inc. refused to respond to repeated requests for information regarding profitability status and profile data. Profile data was compiled from the National Center for Education Statistics (Common Core of Data) website on 11/3/05, Arizona Department of Education website on 11/1/05, Greatschools.net on 10/6/05, and its company webpage on 10/7/05. Synergy Training Solutions (p. 147) Synergy Training Solutions did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company. White Hat Management (p. 105) White Hat Management did respond to our request for information but did not provide information regarding the profitability of the company.
Page 160 of 167
Appendix C: No Longer Profiled Companies

These companies were once profiled but are no longer being tracked for the reason(s) listed. Name of Company Advantage Schools Cambridge Academy East, Inc. Cambridge First Education Cesar Chavez Learning Community, Inc. Designs for Learning, Inc. Years Profiled Reason for Exclusion Advantage Schools was acquired by Mosaica Schools in July 2001. Information attributed to the Advantage Schools website at www.advantage-schools.com/news/mosaica%20070201.htm on 07/02/01. Cambridge Academy East, Inc. representative reported on 01/20/06 it operates as a non-profit company. Cambridge First Education offers supplementary education by contracting with schools to educate at-risk students. It is not considered an EMO. Cesar Chavez Learning Community, Inc representative reported on 01/19/06 operates as a non-profit company. Designs for Learning, Inc. representative reports on 01/09/06 that it provides professional services, customized training, and consulting. Therefore, it is not considered an EMO. EduCare is a non-profit organization which operates four charter schools in Michigan. Information received via telephone communication with EduCare on 09/03/02. Educational Services, Inc. reports that it transferred schools Pathways Charter High School and Pathways Preparatory Academy to a nonprofit charter named Pathways Charter School, Inc on 07/01/05, per company profile response on 01/04/06. Charter revoked by Charter School Board for failure to pay into Arizona state retirement system. School closed mid-year. "Phoenix school closes doors, students stranded." (2003, Oct. 16) azfamily.com. General Health Corp.- Arizona Youth Associates became a non-profit on 11/01/05. As per profile response: "we moved the charter school over and under a non-profit sector of the parent company. This is in response to the federal DOEs interpretation that for-profit status precludes a school from being classified as a public school for the purposes of receiving grant funding. Company reports it became a non-profit 07/01/05 and changed name to Edventure, Inc., per company profile response on 12/06/05.
1998-2001
2003-2005
1999-2002
2003-2005
2000-2005
EduCare
1998-1999
Educational Services, Inc. Future Development Education and Performing Arts Academy General Health Corp.Arizona Youth Associates
2002-2005
2002-2003
2003-2005
Ideabanc, Inc.
2002-2005
Page 161 of 167
Innovative Educational Programs
2001-2002
Innovative Educational Programs offers supplementary education by contracting with schools to educate special education students. It is not considered an EMO. Information received via telephone conversation with Innovative Educational Programs on 12/12/02. Lake Havasu Charter School changed legal status from for-profit to non-profit on 4 January 2002. Information attributed to the Arizona Department of Education website at www.ade.state.as.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp on 06/06/02. Acquired by Edison Schools in July 2001. Information attributed to the Edison Schools website at www.edisonschools.com/news/news/cfm?ID=88 on 07/02/01. Malone Management closed the only school they operated in 2000 and do not currently operate any schools. Mountain Rose Academy changed legal status from for-profit to nonprofit in 2002. Information received via telephone communication with Daisy Maldonado of Mountain Rose Academy, Inc. on 09/26/02. Note: This company changed their name in 2004 to Rose Management, and has returned to operating as a for-profit entity. "Now operates as non-profit starting July 1, 2005, per company profile response 12/06/05. Ombudsman reports it was acquired by Educational Services of America, Inc. effective 09/16/05. Pitman Resources' charter schools were bought by Sequoia Schools. Information received via telephone conversation with Pitman Resources on 12/03/02. Charter revoked by Charter School Board for failure to administer the AIMS HS writing test in February 2003 and failing to provide educational services. Information attributed to the Arizona State Board of Charter Schools website at http://www.asbcs.state.az.us/asbcs on 11/02/04. Sequoia Charter Schools reported it became a non-profit on 11/01/05. No longer listed by the Arizona Department of Education as a charter school operator. Company went bankrupt. "Charter school company files for bankruptcy protection." (2000, Oct. 10) Business News. Indicated that they are a non-profit company. Information received via fax communication with Tucson Country Day School on 09/24/03.
Lake Havasu Charter School
2001-2002
LearnNow Malone Management
1999-2001
1998-2001
Mountain Rose
2001-2002
New West Charter School, Inc. Ombudsman Educational Services, Ltd. Pitman Resources
2003-2005
2002-2005
2001-2002
ReInventEd, Inc
2002-2004
Sequoia Charter Schools Shadow Ridge TessaracT Group Tucson Country Day School
2002-2005
2002-2003 1998-2001
2002-2003
Page 162 of 167
Appendix D: Methods
Methods to Calculate the National Enrollment Averages
All schools are divided into four school level categories according to the variable LEVEL03 in the 2003-2004 Common Core of Data (CCD). The school level categories are established according to the lowest and highest grades offered by school. The school level categories are defined as follows: Primary: schools with a low grade offered of prekindergarten through grade three (3) and a high grade of prekindergarten through grade eight (8). For the purposes of this study, pre-kindergarten enrollment counts are excluded from all analyses. Middle: schools with a low grade offered of four (4) to seven (7) and a high grade ranging from four (4) to nine (9). High: schools with a low grade offered of seven (7) to 12 and a higher grade of 12 only. Other: all other grade configurations, including ungraded schools.
(Source: http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/data/txt/psu031alay.txt) The national district and charter school enrollment averages are derived from schools in the 2003-2004 CCD, excluding non-operational schools, schools located in rural areas and small towns and schools with a total student count equal to zero. The national average enrollment for each grade is calculated uniquely by school level and
Page 163 of 167
charter school status. All valid student enrollment counts, including zeros, are included in the calculations. This method yields several national enrollment averages for each grade. The multiple grade averages account for variability in student enrollment counts by school level and charter school status. For example, six national average enrollment counts are generated for fourth grade. The average fourth grade enrollment is calculated for primary schools, middle schools, and schools categorized as other. Each of the three aforementioned average fourth grade enrollments also is calculated separately for charter and non-charter schools. The individual national average enrollments for each grade are combined to create unique school level national enrollment averages by grade configuration and charter school status. For example, the national average school level enrollment count for charter schools that serve a K-6 grade configuration is the sum of the individual grade enrollment averages for primary grades Kindergarten through sixth grade in charter schools. The enrollment for each for-profit school is then compared to the respective national school level average enrollment corresponding to the grade configuration served by the respective for-profit school. For example, the enrollment for a for-profit charter school with a grade configuration of K-6 is compared to the sum of the national average charter school enrollment for primary grades K-6. See Appendix D for the national average enrollment counts by grade configuration, school level and charter school status.
Methods for Compiling School Profiles

Compiled each year since 1998-1999, Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Companies documents the number of for-profit firms involved in managing publicly-funded schools, identifies the schools they manage, and records the number of
Page 164 of 167
students those schools enroll. The Profiles report is compiled from a combination of sources. Internet searches are conducted on the name of each known EMO to identify schools with which the EMOs have contractual relationships. The resulting lists of schools are compared with previous years lists. When a school previously listed as having a relationship with a particular EMO appears to have dropped off the list, researchers use Internet search engines and news media databases, primarily Lexis-Nexis, to attempt to ascertain the reasons for the change. The information gathered is sent to each EMO to verify its accuracy. Company representatives are encouraged to send additions and corrections to the Education Policy Studies Laboratory for inclusions in the next edition of the For-Profit Profiles Report. The companies profiled represent those that CERU/EPRU researchers could positively identify as for-profit management companies, and are likely to represent only the larger or high-profile companies that exist. It is important to note that while this report labels education management companies as profitable and not profitable, in the case of privately held companies, the designation is based on the companies selfreports. Unlike publicly traded companies that are required by law to make earnings statements public, privately held companies have no such requirement.
Page 165 of 167
Appendix E: National Average Enrollments
Table 1: Average Enrollments for Average U.S. Charter and District Primary Schools by Grade-Level Configuration Grade-level Average U.S. Charter Configuration School Enrollment K-2 K-3 K-4 K-5 K-6 K-7 K-8 1-6 3-7 137.81 179.84 220.42 259.88 294.31 326.47 353.56 245.59 188.66 Average U.S. District School Enrollment 246.20 330.30 414.39 497.89 572.56 641.29 708.28 492.48 395.09
Note: Averages were compiled using the 2003-2004 Common Core of Data.
Table 2: Average Enrollments for Average U.S. Charter and District Middle Schools by Grade-Level Configuration Grade-level Configuration 4-5 4-8 5-8 6-8 7-9 9 Average U.S. Charter School Enrollment 115.09 372.10 322.10 257.01 229.30 55.45 Average U.S. District School Enrollment 324.84 1147.33 1000.94 822.49 781.85 220.88
Page 166 of 167
Table 3: Average Enrollments for Average U.S. Charter and District High Schools by Grade-Level Configuration Grade-level Configuration 7-10 7-11 7-12 8-12 9-10 9-12 10-11 Average U.S. Charter School Enrollment 207.09 266.17 322.95 287.50 138.20 254.06 124.98 Average U.S. District School Enrollment 795.38 1072.51 1326.97 1254.88 663.82 1149.05 564.82
Table 4: Average Enrollments for Average U.S. Charter and District Other* Schools by Grade-Level Configuration Grade-level Configuration K-9 K-10 K-11 K-12 4-12 6-10 6-11 6-12 Average U.S. Charter School Enrollment 378.68 423.70 462.99 495.05 352.92 216.04 254.33 287.39 Average U.S. District School Enrollment 311.38 374.71 418.77 461.57 403.04 284.77 328.83 371.63
Note: Averages were compiled using the 2003-2004 Common Core of Data. *The U.S. Department of Education defines other schools as schools that do not fall within the grade-level configurations of primary school, middle school, or high school. For definitions of school levels, see Appendix D.
Page 167 of 167

Epsl 0605 104 Ceru

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Descrição original:

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Epsl 0605 104 Ceru

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Organizations

Eighth Annual Report 2005-2006

EDUCATION POLICY STUDIES LABORATORY

Commercialism in Education Research Unit

Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Organizations: 2005-2006 Introduction

Findings for 2005-2006

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006

The Definition and Scope of EMOs

Factors Shaping the Industry

The EMO Record

Virtual Schools: The Growing Edge

EMOs, School Levels and School Size

Using the Profiles

Notes & References

PROFILES OF FOR-PROFIT EDUCATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS: 2005-2006 Company Summaries

Large Company Summary

Large Company Totals: # of Large Companies = 14 Notes: Washington, DC is counted as a state.

Medium Company Summary

Medium Company Totals: # of Medium Companies = 9 Notes: Washington, DC is counted as a state.

Small Company Summary

Small Company Summary

Small Company Totals: # of Small Companies = 28 Notes: Washington, DC is counted as a state.

REPORT TOTALS FOR ALL COMPANIES

Virtual Company Summary

Company Location Baltimore, MD McLean, VA Tempe, AZ Akron, OH

Public Schools Managed 12 15 9 38

Public Schools Managed That Are Virtual 12 15 1 2

PROFILES OF FOR-PROFIT EDUCATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS: 2005-2006

Charter School Administrative Services

Address 20755 Greenfield Rd, Ste 30 Southfield, MI 48075

Telephone and Fax 248-567-7787 248-569-6674

Web Address None

Company Schools by State Florida

School Name Tampa United Methodist School

School Location Tampa, FL

School Name Academy of Kansas City

School Location Kansas City, MO

Charter School Administrative Services

School Location Beaumont, TX Dallas, TX Houston, TX San Antonio, TX

Number of Schools No Longer Profiled

Charter School Administrative Services

CCD Level Primary Middle High Other Unknown

New Schools Opened

Report Year New Schools 1998-99 Unknown 1999-00 2

2 1 0 1999-00 Report Year 2005-06

Number of Schools Managed

Report Year 1998-99

15 10 5 0 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506

Charter School Administrative Services

Number of States Operated In

Charter Schools USA

Address 6245 N Federal Hwy, 5th Fl Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308

Company Schools by State Florida

Charter Schools USA

School Name New Frontiers Charter School

School Location San Antonio, TX

Number of Schools No Longer Profiled

Charter Schools USA

CCD Level Primary Middle High Other Unknown

New Schools Opened

Report Year New Schools 1998-99 N/A 1999-00 3

Number of Schools Managed