ME 267: Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET

Internal Combustion Engines - Construction

Fig.: Internal Combustion Engine Construction The three main portions of an IC engine are Head block: Top Part Cylinder Block: Middle Part Chamber or Sump: Bottom Part

Fig.: Piston Connecting Rod Assembly

Fig.: Cylinder Block

Nusair Mohammed Ibn Hasan

ME 267: Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET

Engine Valves
Valves can be actuated by In Block / Push Rod Cam Overhead Cam (OHC)

Fig.: Push Rod Cam actuated Valve

Fig.: Overhead Cam actuated Valve Valve Actuation Sequence: Push Rod Cam Crankshaft > Camshaft > Cam > Cam follower / Hydraulic Tappet > Push rod > Rocker > Valve body Overhead Cam Crankshaft > Over head Camshaft > Cam > Hydraulic Tappet > Rocker > Valve body

Nusair Mohammed Ibn Hasan

ME 267: Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET

Engine Sub-Systems
Air Intake & Exhaust System: System for taking in fresh air from the atmosphere to be mixed with fuel for combustion and discharging the product of combustion from the engine. Fuel Supply System: System for storing the fuel and controlling the rate of fuel supply at various load and speed conditions of the vehicle. Ignition System: System for igniting the fuel and air mixture inside the cylinder to initiate combustion reaction. Lubrication System: System for supplying lubrication oil in the moving parts of the engine to prevent metal-metal direct contact and generation of heat due to it. Cooling System: System for cooling those parts of the engine those constantly withstand high temperature during the running period and thus extending engine longevity. Starting System: System for starting the engine by using electric-driven motor and gear arrangements.

Nusair Mohammed Ibn Hasan

ME 267: Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET

Air Intake & Exhaust System

Fig.: Construction of Air Cleaner

Fig.: Air Cleaner for IC Engine Fig.: Manifold Design

Fig.: Schematic Diagram of a Silencer / Muffler

Nusair Mohammed Ibn Hasan

ME 267: Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET

Fuel Supply System

Fig.: A Simple Carburettor

Fig.: Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)

Fig.: Multi Point Fuel Injection (MPFI) and Single Point / Throttle Body Injection (TBI)

Fig.: Flow through a Venturi

Nusair Mohammed Ibn Hasan

ME 267: Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET

Ignition System

Fig.: Schematic Diagram for a Mechanical Contact Breaker Ignition System

Fig.: Circuit Diagram for a Mechanical Contact Breaker Ignition System

Nusair Mohammed Ibn Hasan

ME 267: Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET

Lubrication System
Flow path for lubricating oil inside an IC engine is described below Lubricating Oil Sump (Chamber) > Strainer > Pump (cam operated gear pump) > Filter (replaceable cartridge) > Main Oil Gallery > Holes/Passages/Channels > Return to Sump by gravity feed

Fig.: Schematic View of Lubricating Oil Distribution

Nusair Mohammed Ibn Hasan

ME 267: Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET

Cooling System
Cooling system in an IC engine can be classified as Air Cooled Water Cooled

Fig.: Schematic Diagram of a Water Cooled Engine

Starting System
Typical starting systems are of 4 types Manual Hand Cranking Electric Motor Pneumatic Motor Another smaller engine

Nusair Mohammed Ibn Hasan