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Demonstrative Pronouns
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
The
for things at
:
:
Examples
-(
)
This is a man
(for masculine singular-rational)
-(
)
This is a book
(for masculine singular-irrational)
-
(
)
This is a woman
(For feminine singular-rational)
- (
)
-
(
)
-
(
)
This is a car
(For feminine singular-irrational)
- (
)
-
(
)
-
(
)
-(
)
: .
. .
is
These words
-(
)
That is engineer
(for masculine singular-rational)
-(
)
That is a star
(for masculine singular-irrational)
-
(
)
That is a nurse
(For feminine singular-rational)
-
(
)
That is a fridge
(For feminine singular-irrational)
(
}
) {
.
- (
)
- (
)
-
(
)
(
) -
-
(
)
-(
)
:
{
}
(Verily the hearing and the sight and the heart, of each of those
you will be questioned)
}
{
can do so.
Examples
The teachers
book
Possessor
Possessed
Haamids book
Possessor
Possessed
}
{
follows the
and the
Example
A new house
(Without alif and laam)
(With alif and laam)
}
{
10
called the
regardless of gender.
Oh Yaasir!
The
Addressed
The
Vocative
Particle
11
}
{
. . . . . .
Arabic nouns have endings to show their function in a sentence. The normal
ending of a noun is
:
:
:
By/at
To
(Genitive).
12
Examples:
13
}
{
The hospital
America
Musa
Zakariyya
Germany
for Musa
to America
.
in the hospital
14
}
{
The Relative pronouns
.
. . .
.
. . .
and differ in their form to correspond to the correct gender. They also
differ to correspond to the singular, dual and plural noun. Note that the
pronoun
animals and concepts are classified as irrational nouns whilst rational include;
humans, angels and devils.
:
masculine)
:
:
For masculine
Who (for plural masculine rational only)
Who/which (for singular feminine rational and plural masculine
and feminine irrational)
15
For feminine
Example
). .
(
) .
.
(
16
) . .(
) .
.(
.
(
).
17
.(
).
) .
.(
) . .(
18
.
)
.(
.
The students, who left from the school, are from
England.
For feminine dual rational
).
.(
) . .(
19
) . .(
20
}
{
The laam of definiteness
,laam of definiteness.
Example
This house
This is a house
21
}
{
The detached pronouns
. . . .
. .
. . . . . .
Pronouns are of two main categories:
pronouns and
, the detached
,the attached pronouns. The pronouns
They are:
: For first person (masculine or feminine)
: I
: We
.
We are students
I am a student
)(
)(
For singular
22
: For Second person (masculine)
You (singular)
You (dual)
)(
)(
You (plural)
)(
: For second person (feminine)
:
You (singular)
You (dual)
)(
)(
You (plural)
)(
23
He (singular)
They (dual)
He is a student
)(
)(
: They (plural)
They are
students
)(
He (singular)
They (dual)
She is a student
)(
)(
: They (plural)
They are
students
)(
24
}
{
The attached pronouns
. . . . . . .
. . . . .
Our book
)
(
.
Masculine and feminine
plural and dual
My book
) .
(
25
Your book
) .
(
Masculine plural
Your book
).
(
Your book
) .(
Masculine singular
Your book
) .(
Your book
).
(
For masculine and
feminine dual
Your book
) .(
26
Their book
) ( .
Their book
).
(
His book
) .(
Their book
) .(
Their book
).
(
For masculine and
Feminine dual
Her book
) .(
27
}
{
The kam of interrogation
and its specification
Kam of interrogation comes before a noun and it is used for questioning. It gives
the meaning how much/many. The noun that comes after it is called its tamyeez
(specification) and it is always singular and takes the mansoob case (Accusative
case). Please look at the example below.
Example
Its
specification
The kam of
Interrogation
Its
specification
The kam of
Interrogation
28
Verbs
}
{
Arabic verbs have a root, similar to English. Verbs are normally made up
of three letters knows as radicals. To make a verb represent the past
tense certain letters are added at the end of the root (look at the
examples below). The
is used to conjugate a verb to make it
is used to
represents past tense, plural masculine third person. Please note these
are just a few of the conjugated verbs.
:
.
The mother left the
house
.
The student sat in the
classroom
29
{
}
Example
.
The women (pl.) went
to the masjid
}
{
The waw of group form
:
.
30
}
{
) (
From 3 to 10
(the number)
(the enumerated). The noun, which denotes the thing numbered, is
. Unlike in English, Arabic numbers
and the number is called the
and the
called
is feminine the
is masculine the
is
feminine (opposites come together). Also the numbers from 3 to 10 follow the
mudaaf and mudaafun ilaihi construction.
3 Female students
to 1
(Feminine-)
The enumerated
3 Male students
The number
The enumerated
(Masculine-)
The number
.
.
.
When the enumerated is masculine then the number is feminine, and
when the enumerated is feminine then the number is masculine, like
what is clear in the two examples (above).
For the masculine enumerated
)(
Six students
)(
)(
Five students
then the
)(
)(
Ten students
Nine students
)(
.
Four students
then the
)(
Three students
)(
.
Eight students
Seven students
31
32
For the feminine enumerated
)(
)(
)(
Six students
)(
Ten students
Five students
then the
)(
Nine students
)(
Four students
then the
)(
Three students
)(
Eight students
Seven students
33
}
{
The Diptotes
The Diptotes are nouns that do not take a single kasra nor do they take a
Tanween (double vowel), which can be of: dammataan , fathataan and
kasrataan
.)
( .
) (
The Diptotes do not like two things, and they are nunation and the kasra
To Zaynab
In the schools
From London
34
)
(
.
. . . .
)
(
.
. .
.
Talha Muaawiya
Usaama
Hamza
35
Masculine nouns, ending with aalif and noon on the
scale of falaan
(
)
.
.
.
.
Marwaan Sufyaan Affaan Uthmaan
)
(
Yuusuf
Paris
London
Edward William
)
(
Anwar
Ahmad
36
)
(
.
.
.
.
.
better
greater blue
yellow
red
black
white
)
(
full
thirsty
hungary
lazy
)
(
doctors
pl.
strongones
pl.
truthful ones
pl.
rich ones
pl.
37
On the scale of fualaau
)
(
scholars
pl.
colleagues
pl.
ministers
pl.
poor ones
pl.
(
)
.
.
.
.
minutes
pl.
schools
pl.
doctors
pl.
hotels
pl.
mosques
pl.
(
)
chairs
pl.
cups
pl.
keys
pl.
handkerchiefs
pl.