TENSES

Made to completed an English 2 Subject Task

Written By: Rochehat Pardede NPM : 16211426 Class : 1EA26

AN ECONOMY MANAGEMENT GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY 2012

KINDS OF TENSES
1. Simple Present Tense PATTERN: (+) S + V1 + O / C (-) S + Do / does + not + V1 + O / C (?) Do / does + S + V1 + O / C

FUNCTION: a. To declare a custom (habitual action) or the activity that occurs repeatedly - again and again and again. b. To state a general truth (general truth). c. Used in the language of drama, radio comments and the like. Ex : When the curtain Rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.

DESCRIPTION TIME: a. Every morning / day / week / month / year b. Once, twice, three times, four times, ... c. Adverb of frequency: always, usually, Sometimes, Often, never, seldom.

2. Present Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + To Be + V1 ing + O / C (-) S + To Be + not + V1 ing + O / C (?) To Be + S + V1 ing + O / C

FUNCTIONS: a. To express an activity that is ongoing at the time said. b. To declare the on going activities but not necessarily taking place when the statement said.

DESCRIPTION TIME: Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.

Note: When there are verbs such as: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! (Imperative), then tenses its Present Continuous. Example: * Look! The man is climbing. * Listen! The girls next door are singing my favorite song.

3.

Present Perfect Tense

PATTERN: (+) S + Have + V3 + O/C (-) S + Have + Not + V3 + O/C (?) Have + S + V3 + O/C

FUNCTION: a. To declare an act that occurred in the past and the timing is not certain. b. To state the events that have been done and might do again in a time that would come

DESCRIPTION TIME: Since, for, just (just), already, yet, so far.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + have / has + been + V ing + O/C (-) S + have / has + not + been + V ing + O/C (?) Have / has + been + S + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To express an activity that began in the past and its still on going.

DESCRIPTION TIME: For, since.

5. Simple Past Tense PATTERN: (+) S + V2 +O / C (-) S + did + not + V2 + O / C (?) Did + S + O / C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activities that occur at specific times in the past.

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. Last week 2. Last month 3. Last sunday 4. 5 Years Ago 5. Yesterday 6. 2 Days ago

6. Past Continuous Tense

PATTERN:

(+)S + was / were + V ing + O/C (-) S + was / were + not + V ing + O/C (?) Was / Were + S + V ing + O/C
FUNCTION:

a. To describe the events that are happening in the past. Example:

I was studying at my friend's house. My parents were chatting in the living room.

b. To describe an event that is taking place in the past, where other events also occur. Example:

When I was studying, someone knocked the door. When I was walking to school, I met Dian Sastro.

7. Past Perfect tense PATTERN: (+): S + had + V3 + O/C (-): S + had + not + V3 + O/C (?): Had + S + V3 + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activities that occurred prior to other activities in the past appear. Example:

The teachers went home after They had finished teaching. When I arrived Kridosono, my favorite artist had performed.

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. When 2. Twice 3. Since

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Had + Been + V ing + O/C (-) S + Had + not + Been + V ing + O/C (?) Had + S + Been + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activities that have start and its still on going in the past Example: 1. When he came to Surabaya in 1999, I had already been living there about ten years

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. About ten years 2. For a time

9. Simple Future Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Will/Shall + V1 + O/C (-) S + Will/Shall + not + V1 + O/C (?) Will/Shall + S + V1 + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To State the Activity in the next time

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. Next week 2. Next Sunday 3. Next month 4. Tomorrow 5. Next morning

10. Future Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Will/Shall + Be + V ing + O/C (-) S + Will/Shall + not + Be + V ing + O/C (?) Will/Shall + S + Be + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To Show the activity that will on going in the next time

DESCRIPTION TIME : 1. Tomorrow morning, etc

11. Future Perfect Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Will/Shall + Have + V 3 + O/C (-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + O/C (?) Will/Shall + S + Have + V3 + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. Use to state the activity that have begin at last time, and will finish in next time

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. By nex year 2. By the end of this week 3. 3 years later 4. 4 day again

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V ing + O/C (-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + V ing + O/C (?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activity that have start in the last day but still continue in the next time

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. By the end of this year 2. 3 years later 3. 3 day again, etc

13. Past Future Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Would/Should + V1 + O/C (-) S + Would/Should + not + V1 + O/C (?) Would/Should + S + V1 + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activity for next time but have do in the last time

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. For the next week 2. For the next year 3. The previous day

14. Past Future Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Would/Should + Be + V ing + O/C (-) S + Would/Should + not + Be + V ing + O/C (?) Would/Should + S + Be + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activity that will begin in the last time

DESCRIPTION TME: 1. For the next week 2. For the next year 3. The previous day

15. Past Future Perfect Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Would/Should + Have + V3 + O/C (-) S + Would/Should + not + Have + V3 + O/C (?) Would/Should + S + Have + V3 + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activity that imposible be happen because the condition not complete in the last time

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. Last year 2. Last week 3. Last Sunday

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + would/should + have + been + V ing + O/C (-) S + would + not + have + been + V ing + O/C (?) Would + S + have + been + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activity or an event that will have on going in the last time.

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. By the end of this year 2. For 2 years

REFERENCE
1. Aras, Soenardan, 2007. Learning for Tenses, Penerbit : Multimedia Book. Semarang 2. Halim, Andreas, 2003. Kamus Lengkap 900 Juta, Penerbit : Sulita Jaya. Surabaya 3. http://www.scribd.com/doc/13750795/12-Penggunaan-Tenses 4. http://www.scribd.com/doc/13750776/Tenses-Aktif-Pasif 5. http://www.scribd.com/doc/13750819/16-Penggunaan-Tenses 6. Marcellino, Leo, 1993. Summary of Verb Tenses, Penerbit : AMINEF. Jakarta 7. Saslow, J. M and John F. Mongillo, 1985. English in Context: Reading Comprehension for Science and Technology, Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 8. Swan, Michael and Cahterine Walter, 1992. The New Cambridge English Course Student 3 Intermediate, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge