MAPA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

ME Lab 2

ABET EXPERIMENT 1 Savonius Windmill Powered Water Pump

Groups 1 and 2 Marielle Krizanne S. Catral

Engr. Alberto Suralta Instructor

Savonius Windmill Powered Water Pump

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OBJECTIVES
The objective of the experiment is for the students to be familiarized with the working principles of a Savonius Windmill-Powered Water Pump. The prototype smallscale water pump used in this experiment was a final project done by some group members for their Fluid Machineries course. Also, to find the capacity of a Savonius windmillpowered water pump.

THEORY AND DISCUSSION

The Savonius Windmill is a vertical-axis wind turbine which functions similar to an anemometer or wind-measuring device. Unlike horizontal-axis wind turbines, the Savonius Windmill does not have to be pointed into the wind to rotate the shaft holding the rotors. The vertical rotation of the windmill will generate the power required to drive a simple closed-impeller type of pump. The Savonius turbine is one of the simplest turbines. Aerodynamically, it is a dragtype device, consisting of two or three scoops. Looking down on the rotor from above, a two-scoop machine would look like an "S" shape in cross section. Because of the curvature, the scoops experience less drag when moving against the wind than when moving with the wind. The differential drag causes the Savonius turbine to spin. Because they are drag-type devices, Savonius turbines extract much less of the wind's power than other similarly-sized lift-type turbines. Much of the swept area of a Savonius rotor may be near the ground, if it has a small mount without an extended post, making the overall energy extraction less effective due to the lower wind speeds found at lower heights. The vertical orientation of the shaft of the turbine means that it can be directly connected to the impeller of the pump, though a gear set can also be used to vary the impeller speed with the shaft speed. Savonius Windmills are designed for low-speed, high-torque applications Savonius Windmill Powered Water Pump
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which mean that not much wind is necessary to generate the required power to make it work. This allows the windmill to be placed closer to the ground, thus, allowing easy maintenance and repairs. The materials needed to fabricate the windmill and the pump are relatively cheap and easy to acquire. These characteristics make the Savonius Windmill Water Pump best suited for the given application.

LIST OF APPARATUS
1.savonius windmill 2.blower 3.mercury manometer 4.thermometer 5.pitot tube

PROCEDURE
1.Fill the intake reservoir with 500 mL of water. 2.Turn on the blower. 3.Measure the air temperature. 4.Find the wind pressure and speed using a pitot tube and mercury manometer. 5.Blow air through the savonius windmill. 6.Record the time it takes the pump to fill the discharge reservoir with water. 7.Find the average pumping rate.

Savonius Windmill Powered Water Pump

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SET UP OF APPARATUS

AIR BLOWER SAVONIUS WINDMILL RESERVOIR

PERFORMING THE EXPERIMENT

Savonius Windmill Powered Water Pump

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FINAL DATA SHEET

Wind speed, v = 30.26m/s Temperature, t = 305K Air density, = 1.165 kg/m3 Flow rate Trial Volume (cm3) Time (s) (cm3/s) 1 2 3 4 5 500 500 500 500 500 Average 148 148 107 174 174 3.38 3.38 4.67 2.87 2.87 3.434

Savonius Windmill Powered Water Pump

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SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS
Temperature, T = 32 + 273 K = 305 K Pressure, p

4 760 mmHg
760mmHg

101325Pa 101858.3Pa

Density at the t = 305 K and p = 101.8583 kPa, = 1.165 kg/m3 Wind speed:
p1 gy1 v12 v2 p2 gy2 2 2 2

v12 02 101858.3 1.165(9.81)(0) 1.165 101325 1.165(9.81)(0) 1.165 2 2 v 30.26m / s

Flow rate: trial 1

Q V 500cm3 3.38cm3 / s t 148s

Savonius Windmill Powered Water Pump

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. Who invented the savonius windmill? When? The Savonius windmill was invented by the Finnish engineer Sigurd Johannes Savonius in 1922. 2. What is a savonius windmill/ wind turbine? Savonius wind turbines are a type of vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT), used for converting the force of the wind into torque on a rotating shaft. 3. What s the use of the S type design of the Savonius Windmill?

Aerodynamically, it is a drag-type device, consisting of two or three scoops. Looking down on the rotor from above, a two-scoop machine would look like an "S" shape in cross section. Because of the curvature, the scoops experience less drag when moving against the wind than when moving with the wind. The differential drag causes the Savonius turbine to spin. Because they are drag-type devices, Savonius turbines extract much less of the wind's power than other similarly-sized lift-type turbines. Much of the swept area of a Savonius rotor may be near the ground, if it has a small mount without an extended post, making the overall energy extraction less effective due to the lower wind speeds found at lower heights.

Savonius Windmill Powered Water Pump

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DISCUSSION
The savonius windmill was blown by an air blower with a velocity of 30.26m/s, its average flow rate using a centrifugal pump is 3.434. However, improvement of the prototype can still be done. For instance, a better gear train may be used to further increase the speed of the impeller shaft. An improved pump can also be considered for better suction force. The windmill may be further enhanced by increasing its size for higher torque and possibly speed output.

CONCLUSION
The tests done were able to demonstrate that it is possible to use a Savonius Windmill to power a centrifugal pump. Normally, centrifugal pumps operate at speeds of at least 1000rpm but the researchers have proven that a centrifugal pump powered by a windmill will still pump water. The key to the success of the design is in exploiting the high-torque output of the windmill. The windmill does not turn very fast as compared to horizontal-axis windmills but the high-torque output means it can lift a fairly large amount of water.

REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savonius_wind_turbine

Savonius Windmill Powered Water Pump

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PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET

Wind speed, v = 30.26m/s Temperature, t = 305K Air density, = 1.165 kg/m3 Flow rate Trial Volume (cm3) Time (s) (cm3/s) 1 2 3 4 5 500 500 500 500 500 Average 148 148 107 174 174 3.38 3.38 4.67 2.87 2.87 3.434

Savonius Windmill Powered Water Pump

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