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Energy Conservation Building Code:

An Overview
WEC-IMC Energy Synergy Dialogue
26
th
July 2007
Ajay Mathur
Director General
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Government of India
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A peek at India's Commercial
Real Estate at Three Metros
Mumbai - India' Financial Center
Limited space within the City for new const. Old industrial/factory
sites sold to private developers. New developments include:
- 2005: 3.2 million sf
- 2006 (est): 3.5 million sf
- 2007 (est) : 2.5 million sf
- Out of 58 industrial sites with 60 million sf, 23 sites to be
completed in 2007.
Bangalore - India's IT Centre Office Stock: 28 million sf in 2006
Annual Demand of office space: 7 million sf
Delhi - Capital City
Delhi Office market extends to National Capital Region (NCR) -
Gurgaon, Noida & Greater Noida. Main source of demand is from IT
companies. New developments include:
- Present Office Space: 20 million sf.
- 2004: 3 million sf
- 2005: 3.3 million sf - was insufficient to meet the demand
- 2006 (est): 7.5 million sf
1
Deutsche Bank Report on Indias Commercial Real Estate Market
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Growth Profile of Indian
Commercial Sector
Demand for OFFICE SPACE in India is driven by the
increasing share of the services sector in the Indian
economy
Office space supply shifting from Central Business Districts to
secondary centers (office and IT parks)
Modern office buildings in newly developed areas enable the
higher quality standards that are essential for IT services
All India office market
- 70% by IT Services companies (more than 7000 No.) in India
- 15% by financial service providers & pharmaceutical sector
- 15% by other sectors
- Office stock must increase nearly 20 million sf/year in New
Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore to keep pace with growing demand
- Conservative estimate (for India): Approx. 55 million sf/year
SHOPPING CENTRES/MALLS
By the end of 2008, space of 79 million sf in 257 centers are
estimated in 15 largest cities of India
1
Deutsche Bank Report on Indias Commercial Real Estate Market
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Outlook for India's Commercial
Real Estate Market
1
Deutsche Bank Report on Indias Commercial Real Estate Market
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Energy IN-efficiency is rampant
Most commercial buildings have energy performance
index (EPI) of 200 to 400 kWh/sq m/year
Similar buildings in North America and Europe have
EPI of less than 150 kWh/sq m/year
Energy-conscious building design has been shown to
reduce EPI to 100 to 150 kWh/sq m/year in India -
development of such buildings is restricted to
environmentally-sensitive corporates
Large scale energy-efficient building design is limited
due to split incentives - builders fear that they would
bear the costs, while tenants would enjoy benefits
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Electricity Use in the Commercial
Sector is exploding !
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What are Energy
Conservation Building Codes?
ECBC set minimum energy efficiency standards for
design and construction
ECBC encourage energy efficient design or retrofit of
buildings so that
It does not constrain the building function, comfort,
health, or the productivity of the occupants
Lifecycle costs (construction + energy costs) are
minimized
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EC Act 2001: Energy Conservation
Building Codes
POWER OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO FACILITATE AND
ENFORCE EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY AND ITS
CONSERVATION
14. Power of Central Government to enforce efficient use of
energy and its conservation.- The Central Government may, by
notification, in consultation with the Bureau,-
(p) prescribe energy conservation building codes for efficient use of
energy and its conservation in the building or building complex;
(q) amend the energy conservation building codes to suit the regional
and local climatic conditions;
(r) direct every owner or occupier of the building or building complex,
being a designated consumer to comply with the provisions of energy
conservation building codes for efficient use of energy and its
conservation;
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ECBC Development Process
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BEE's ECBC Development
Approach
Broad Stakeholder participation
Building Industry, Manufacturers, Professionals, Govt.
Agencies etc.
Addresses local design conditions and construction
practices
Emphasis on maximizing building envelope benefits -
to encourage better designs
Examples - daylighting and natural ventilation
First generation code - ease of use is a priority
Both in terms of code requirements and language
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ECBC development Process
An extensive data collection was carried out for
construction types and materials, glass types,
insulation materials, lighting and HVAC equipment
Base case simulation models were developed
The stringency analysis was done through detailed
energy and life cycle cost analysis.
A stringency level for each code component was
established
Code was finalized after consideration of comments on
a draft version
Launched by Honble Minister for Power on 27
th
May 2007
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ECBC Scope
Mandatory Scope Covers commercial buildings
Connected load in excess of 500kW
or
Contract demand in excess of 600 kVA
Recommended for all buildings with conditioned area
>1000m2
Applies to New Construction only
Building components included
Building Envelope (Walls, Roofs, Windows)
Lighting (Indoor and Outdoor)
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) System
Service Water Heating and Pumping
Electrical Systems (Power Factor, Transformers)
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Five climate
zones
1. Composite
(Delhi)
2. Hot Dry
(Ahmadabad)
3. Hot Humid
(Kolkata),
4. Moderate
(Bangalore)
5. Cold (Shillong)
Geographical Variations
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ECBC Compliance Approaches
Component-based (prescriptive)
requires little energy expertise; provides minimum
performance requirements; no flexibility
System-based (trade-off)
allows some flexibility through the balance of some high
efficiency components with other lower efficiency
components
Whole building design analysis (performance)
allows flexibility in meeting or exceeding energy
efficiency requirements (as compared to a baseline
building)
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Building Envelope Design
Use glazing with low
Solar Heat Gain
Coefficient (SHGC)
Use light colored
coating with high
reflectance
Use light colored
coating with high
reflectance
Ninimize Radiation Losses
Use prefabricated
windows and seal the
joints between
windows and walls.
Reduce air leakage
8 use vapor
barrier
Reduce air leakage 8
use vapor barrier
Ninimize Convection
Losses 8 Noisture
Penetration
Use material with low
U-factor
Use insulation with
low U-value
Use insulation with
low U-value
Ninimize Conduction
Losses
Window Roof Walls HeatJMoisture Losses
ECBC Compliant Design Strategy for a Building
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ECBC Impact
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Case study 1 : CESE, IIT
Kanpur
Building envelope
Cavity wall with insulation
Insulated and shaded roof
Double glazing and shading for
windows
Lighting system
Efficient fixtures
Efficient lamps
Daylight integration
Average LPD < 1 W/ft
2
HVAC system
Load calculation with optimized
envelope and lighting system
Efficient chillers
Efficient condenser cooling
Use of geothermal energy for
cooling
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Case study 1 : CESE, IIT
Kanpur
EPI = 240 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 208 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 133 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 168 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 98 kWh/m
2
per annum
Base
building
ECBC
compliant
building
Envelope
optimisation
Lighting
optimisation
HVAC optimisation
Controls
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Case study 2: Fortis
Hospital
Proposed at Shalimarbagh,
New Delhi
Initial energy consumption: 605
kWh/m
2
yr
Building envelope
AAC blocks
Insulated roof
Double glazing and shading for
windows
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Case study 2: Fortis
Hospital
Lighting system
Efficient fixtures
Efficient lamps
Daylight integration
Load reduction of 33%
HVAC system
Load calculation with optimized
envelope and lighting system
Efficient chillers
Efficient fans for AHUs
Use of VFDs
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Case study 2 : Fortis
Hospital
EPI = 605 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 593 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 346 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 476 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 312 kWh/m
2
per annum
Base building
ECBC compliant Fortis
building, New Delhi
Envelope optimisation
Lighting optimisation
Efficient chiller
Controls for HVAC system
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Case study 3: Triburg
office
EPI = 186 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 165 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 98 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 120 kWh/m
2
per annum
EPI = 92 kWh/m
2
per annum
Base building
ECBC compliant Triburg
building, Gurgaon
Envelope optimisation
Lighting optimisation
HVAC optimisation
HVAC controls
EPI = 86 kWh/m
2
per annum
Daylight integration
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Environmentally Sensitive
Design Makes Sense
Energy savings are of the order of 50%
Initial cost increases by 10 to 15%, but payback is
obtained in 5 to 7 years
The most cost effective way to meet the ECBC
requirement is to design buildings with appropriate
regard to climate and sun.
A design not sensitive to sun and climate will have to
invest more to meet the minimum ECBC standard
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National Impact Potential
The average energy use (lighting and HVAC) for
typical commercial building is 200 kWh/sq.
meter/year.
Mandatory enforcement of ECBC shall easily reduce
the energy use by 30-40% to 120-160 kWh/sq.
meter/year.
Nationwide Mandatory enforcement of ECBC would
yield a saving of 1.2 billion kWh for 2007-2008.
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Impact of Energy Codes
Market Development for EE products
Building Insulation
Energy Efficient Windows (Glass and Frames)
High-Efficiency HVAC Equipment
Improved Design Practices
Lighting and Daylighting
Natural Ventilation/Free-Cooling Systems
Lower Energy Use and Reduced Electricity Bills
Reduced connected load and Improved Power Factor
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Implementation
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Typical Implementation
Schedule
Phases
1 Development
2 Implementation Preparation
3 Enforcement
4 Revisions
9
Years
5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4
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Proposed Scheme for Mandatory
Implementation of ECBC
ECBC Enforcement
Government buildings - enforced by agency
Private & Institutional buildings - enforced via local
code process and certified by independent accredited
agencies
Market programs
Green Building Rating Systems
Energy Use Certification & Labeling Schemes
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ECBC Development: Next
Steps
Market Development
Design support through Voluntary ECBC-compliant Building
Program
DSM Programs (Design Assistance / Rebates)
Green Building Rating Systems
Energy Use Certification & Labeling Scheme
Capacity Building
Checking and Certification Systems for Equipment and Systems
Capacity building of State and Municipal implementing agencies
Accreditation, training and monitoring of certification agencies
Design Manuals, Software, and Training and Technical support for
Architects, Engineers, and Code Officials
Awareness programs for building owners, designers, and users