ADB

Appendix E2 Asian Development Bank

Regional Conference on Community-Driven Development

Sharing Knowledge on CDD: The Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Sector Project (NUSSP) in Indonesia

31 January 2012 ADB Headquarters, Manila Philippines

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Outline
NUSSP Background Community Participation
Identification of Community Needs and

Priorities Service Delivery (Operation and Maintenance) Transparency and accountability

Promoting and Sustaining Citizen

Participation Lessons Learn

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Project Background
The main objective of the project with CDD Component is to deliver infrastructure in an urban slum areas. NUSSP provided grant to communities to develop infrastructure, such as road conjunction, drainage, waste management system, sanitation, clean water, road lighting, and microcredit for building/renovating modest housing. NUSSP encouraged community participation at planning, executing, monitoring and maintening stages of the proposed project. The project had improved 6800 Hectares of urban slum in 800 neighborhood, in 32 cities, and benefited 3 million people
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Community Participation (1)

Identification of Community Needs and Priorities Participation at this stage varied: Participation in rural villages were more intensive compare to that of urban villages. The reasons, among others were: the rural villagers had more time and relatively had stronger solidarity The poor and marginal people were not systematically encouraged to participate Women participation was weak Despite of high quantity, the quality of participation was remain low The elite still dominates decision-making processes.
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Community Participation (2)

Service Delivery (operation and maintenance)
Participation in project execution depended on types of project implementation (SP2/SP3) Almost all communities were voluntarily committed to minor maintenance Some communities were committed to organized maintenance activities. This maintenance variation to some extent was related to the context in which construction works were implemented (Sp2/SP3), financial availability, and the degree of social cohesiveness
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Community Participation (3)

Transparency and Accountability
The level of transparency and accountability to some extent is depended on the level of participation. Transparency and accountability under projects selfimplemented by the community itself (those implemented under the SP3 pattern) was greater than that of subprojects implemented under the less participatory SP2 pattern. Community perception on transparency and accountability was limited to the issues of corruption, channeling information
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Major issue in Promoting and Sustaining citizen Participations

Deeper understanding on the communities socio culture Increasing common awareness on the importance of participatory approach through organic mechanism of facilitation. Mainstreaming participatory approach in all small scale village development efforts. Provide more options for community participation, i.e, polling (not necessarily direct meeting) Use endogenous and or trusted institution rather than project driven institutions.
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Key Lessons Learn (1)

CDD initiatives might mitigate against the negative impact of urbanization. Institutionalizing community participation is a long-term task in that it requires assimilation of new values and traditions by beneficiary communities. Community based planning has possible lag of integration with that of more macro level planning. Encouraging large-scale involvement of heterogeneous community members can in some cases complicate implementation of the development initiative
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Key Lessons Learn (2)

Maximizing the degree of community participation was to ensure that the planning of the initiative remains in the hands of the beneficiaries themselves It will most likely be necessary to make adjustments to participatory programs implemented in urban as opposed to rural areas