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Part II
Khmer - English
Buddhist Dictionary

adj. Adjective eccl. ecclesiastical

(K.) in Khmer usage lit. Literally
(mis.) Misleading n. Noun
v. verb * newly coined Pali term


a i u e o
k kh g gh
c ch j jh
h h
t th d dh n
p ph b bh m
y r l v s h
( )

Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammsambuddhassa.
Sabbappassa akaraa, Kusalasspasampad,
Sacittapariyodapana; Eta Buddhna ssana.
1

(Kakh) doubt; uncertainty.

(Kaattkamma) casual act;
cumulative or reserve kamma.
(Kahina) the Kathin ceremony;
the annual robe-presentation
ceremony (in the month following
the end of the Rains Retreat);
postlenten robe-offering; Post-Retreat
Robe-Presen-tation.
(Kaa) 1. a chapter, portion or
part (of a religious book). 2. a
sermon.
(Dhammadesanpj*, Dham-
makathikadeyya*) offerings for a
sermon.
(Kataut) gratitude; grateful-
ness; appreciation.
(Kata) adj. grateful; obliging;
knowing the done favour.
(Katakatavedit) the
quality of being a grateful person;
gratitude; gratefulness.
(Katakataved) one who
is thankful for benefits received and
reciprocates them.

(Kataved) one who reciprocates
the done favour.
(Kathvatthu) 1. Points of
Controversy; name of the fifth book
of the Abhidhamma Piaka. 2. a
subject of discussion.
, (Kappa) 1. an aeon; world-
aeon; world-age; world-cycle; world-
period. 2. the life-term; life-period;
the duration of life.
(Kappan) 1. merit dedicated to
the departed. 2.
(Kappabindu) a smudge that
makes a new robe allowable; dark
mark or small black dot applied to a
new robe to make it lawful. v.
( ) to make a robe
allowable by applying a disfiguring
smudge (by which the owner can also
identify it); mark with a smudge.
(Kappiyakraka) one who
makes things suitable for a monk;
attendant of a monk.
(Kamma) 1. karma; kamma; a
volitional action; action; deed; good
and bad volition. 2. work; job;
activity; transaction.
(Kammakilesa) an action
causing impurity; depravity of action;
vice of conduct.
(Kammahna) subjects of
meditation; meditation exercises; the
act of meditation or contemplation;
ground for mental culture.
(Kammaniyma) order of act
and result; the Law of Kamma.
(Kammapatha) course of action;
way of action; kamma as the way
leading to the woeful or blissful
existences.
(Kammabhava) kamma-process;
2

the active process of becoming.
(Kammavc) the formal words
of an act; text of a formal act, i.e. a
motion ( ) together with one or
three proclamations ( ) that
may follow.
(Kammavccariya) Act-
Announcing Teacher; (First) Ordina-
tion-Teacher.
(Karu) compassion; pity.
(Kalala) the embryo in the first
week after conception.
(Kalyamittat) good
frien-dship; good company;
association with the virtuous.
(Kasia) a meditational device;
object of meditation; the method of
inducing concentration by gazing at
any of the ten objects, viz., earth,
water, fire, air, blue, yellow, red,
white, space and light.
(Kma) sense-desire; desire;
sensua-lity; an object of sensual
enjoyment; sensual pleasures.
(Kmagua) sensual
pleasures; objects of sensual
enjoyment.
(Kmachanda) sensual desire;
excitement of sensual pleasure.
(Kmatah) sensual craving;
craving for sensual pleasures.
(Kmabhava) the sphere or
state of existence dominated by
sensual pleasures; Sensuous
Existence; Sense Sphere.
(Kmarga) sensual passion;
sensual lust; sense-desire; sensuality;
desire for sensual pleasures.
(Kmaloka) the world of
sense-desire; the Sense Sphere; the
world of sensual pleasures.
(Kmavitakka) thought of
sensual pleasures.
(Kmasukha) worldly
happiness; happiness arising from
sensual pleasures.

(Kmasukhalliknuyo-ga) self-
indulgence; sensual indul-gence; the
constant attachment to sensual
pleasures.
(Kmesumicchcra)
sexual misconduct; sensual
misconduct; unlawful sexual
intercourse; adul-tery.
(Kmasavara) sexual
restraint.
(Kmvacara) belonging to the
Sense Sphere.
(Kmvacarabhmi) the
Sensuous Plane of Existence; the
Sense Sphere; the Sensuous Sphere.
(Kmupdna) sensuous
cling-ing; attachment to sensuality.
(Kya) 1. the body; material body.
2. the body of psychic factors,
namely, Vedan, Sa and
Sakhra.
(Kyakamma) bodily action;
actions performed by the body.
(Kyagatsati) mindfulness
3

with regard to the body; reflection or
contemplation on the 32 impure parts
of the body.
(Kyaduccarita) misconduct
by the body; bodily misconduct;
misconduct in action.
(Kyadvra) 1. the body-door;
bodyavenue; the outlet of bodily
senses. 2. the body-door; the channel
of bodily action.
(Kyaviatti) bodily intima-
tion; bodily expression.
(Kyavia) body-con-
sciousness; consciousness by means
of touch.
(Kyaviveka) seclusion of the
body.
(Kyasakhra) bodily
forma-tion, i.e. in-breath and out-
breath.
(Kyasamphassa) bodily
contact; bodily touch.
(Kyasucarita) good conduct
in action; good conduct by the body;
bodily good conduct.
(Kynupassan) the con-
templation of the body; mindfulness
as regards the body.
(Kyikadukkha) physical
pain; bodily pain; physical suffering.
(Kyikasukha) physical
happi-ness; bodily happiness.
(Klaut) the quality of one
who knows the proper time; knowing
the proper time; knowledge of how to
choose and keep time.
(Klamaraa) timely death.
(Ksya, Ksvavattha)
cloth dyed with astringent decoction;
the yellow robe; ochre robes.
(Kiccavatta*) religious routine;
daily religious observances.
(Kiccdhikaraa) business
to be enacted by the Sangha; legal
questions concerning obligations;
duties.
(Kiriycitta) functional
conscious-ness; inoperative
consciousness.
(Kilesa) defilements; impurities;
impairments.
(Kilesakma) sensuality as
defilement; subjective sensuality;
desire; lust.
(Kikarayesu
dakkha-t) the willingness to give a
helping hand.
(Kukkucca) remorse; brooding;
confusion; repentance; worry.
(Guassm*) a title unoffi-
cially used in speaking to or of a
monk of a higher rank; Chao Khun;
The Right Venerable.

(Ku) an abode of a Buddhist
monk or novice; a monks cell; a
monks lodging; dormitory; living
quarters of monks.
(Kulupaka) a family-
frequenter; family-friend monk;
family mentor.
4

(Kusala) adj. wholesome; merito-
rious; moral; skilful; kammically
wholesome. n .merit; good action;
virtue; the good; wholesome action.
(Kusalakamma) wholesome
or meritorious action; right conduct.
(Kusalakammapatha) the
ten-fold way of good action; the
tenfold wholesome course of action.
(Kusalacitta) meritorious
thought; moral or wholesome
consciousness.
(Kusalacetan) right or
whole-some volition; good intention.
(Kusalamla) (the three) roots
of good; root of good action;
kammically wholesome root; the
wholesome roots.
(Kusalavitakka) wholesome
thought.
(Kuhan) deceit; fraud;
hypocrisy; trickery.

(Ketuml) garland of rays
round the Buddhas head; the halo.
, (Kodha) anger; furious
or wrathful passion.
(Kosa*) mortuary urn; funeral
urn.
(Kosajja) idleness; indolence;
sloth.

(rmika; rmika-kumra;
Daharrmika; Kappiyakraka)
temple boy.
(Ssandhikra*)
Department of Religious Affairs.
(Abhivda) to bow to the
ground; to pay respect by making the
five-point prostration; to prostrate.

(Attharati) v. to spread;
stretch; lay out; carry out (the kahina
robe-making ceremony).
, (Paccuggamana)
rising to receive.
(Mahchatta, Dussakuik) a
sun-shade; an umbrella-like tent.
(Khattiya) 1. a man of the warrior
caste; the warrior-ruler; nobles. 2. a
king.

(Cittakkhaa) a thought-
moment.
(Khaikasamdhi)
momentary concentration.
(Khaikpti) momentary
joy; instantaneous joy.
(Khanti) patience; forbearance;
tolerance; endurance; firmness;
fortitude.
(Khandha) aggregate; category.

(Kham) patience; tolerance;
5

pardon.
, (Khampana) asking
for pardon.
(Juha-pakkha, Sukka-~) the
waxing moon.
(Kaha-pakkha, Ka-~) the
waning moon.
(Khdanya) hard or solid
food.
(Khsava) an Arahant; the
cankerfree one; one whose mind is
free from mental obsessions.
(Khuddakanikya) Smaller
Collection; the Minor Anthologies
of the Pali Canon; name of the fifth
of the five main divisions of the Sutta
Piaka.
(Khuddakapha) Shorter
Texts; the Text of Small Passages;
name of the first division of the
Khuddaka Nikya.
(Khuddakpti) slight sense of
interest; lesser thrill.
(Parittasutta*) sacred thread;
sacred cord.

(Gaa) group; denomination;

monastery section.

(Sdhraakr-dhikra*) Board of
Public Works.

(Saghaplan-dhikra*) Board of
Eccl. Admini-stration.

(Dhammapaksa-ndhikra*) Board
of Propagation.
(Ssanasikkhdhikra*)
Board of Education.
(Gaapraka) one who
completes the quorum; quorum-
completing monk.
(Sagha) the monastic order;
the Church, especially the Buddhist
monastic order; the Order; the
Sagha.
(Gati) (the five) courses of
existence; destiny; destination.
(Ganthadhura) the burden of
studying the Scriptures; the burden of
the books.
(Gandha) odour; odorous object;
smell.
(Gandhabba) 1. a heavenly musi-
cian. 2. a being ready to take a new
existence.
(Gantha, Potthaka, Pakaraa) (T.) a
scripture; text; canon; religious book.
(Garukakamma) Weighty
Action; kamma of serious or strong
effect.
(Garuhnyapuggala) a
respectable person.
(Garudhamma) (the eight) strict
6

conditions or chief rules to be
observed by the Buddhist nun
throughout her life.
(Gihipaipatti*) practices for
the layman; code of morality for the
laity.
(Gth) 1. a verse; stanza of 4
half-lines. 2. (K.) a magic spell.
(Gmavs) (K.) a town-monk.
(Grava) respect; reverence;
esteem; attention; appreciative action.
(Gilnapaccaya) support for
the sick; requisites for the sick;
medicine.
(Gilnabhesajja) drug;
medicine.
(Gua) 1. quality; property. 2.
good quality; virtue; merit. 3. (K.)
help; aid; benefit; support; favour.
(Guadhamma) goodness;
virtue.
, (Visesa)
unusual virtue; extraordinary state;
specific attainment.
(Gocara) 1. field or sphere of
sense perception; a sense-object. 2. a
suitable place; resort for alms; alms
resort.
(Gocaragma) a village
where a monk goes for alms or
obtains his food; alms-resort village.
(Gotama) name of the clan to
which the Buddha belonged.
(Gotta) clan; ancestry; lineage.
(Ekasa) v. to arrange the upper
robe over one shoulder (the left one).
(Nivseti, Prupati) v. to don;
wear; put on (the yellow robe).
(Pattapidhna) lid or cover for
an alms-bowl; alms-bowl lid.
(Gahaha) a householder;
layman; the laity.
(Upasampadcariya,
Kammavc-cariya +
Anusvancariya) the two monks
who chant the formal words of an act
(especially, of ordination); Act-
Announcer; Ordination-Teacher.

(Ghanasa) perception of
compactness; the idea of
massiveness.
(Gharvsa) 1. the household
life. 2. (K.) a householder; layman; the
laity.
(Gharvsa-dhamma)
virtues for a good household life;
rules of household conduct; qualities
of a good layman.
(Ghna) the nose.
(Ghnadvra) nose-door; nose-
avenue.
(Ghnavia) nose-
consciousness.
(Ghosappamik)
7

those who measure or judge by voice;
those whose faith depends on sweet
voice or good repute; those attached
to voice.

(muhassati) confused;
muddled; deranged.
, (sammosa)
confusion; falling into oblivion.

(Cakkhu) the eye.

(Cakkhudvra) the eye-door;
eye-avenue.
(Cakkhuvia) eye-con-
sciousness.
, (Cakka) the set of four
virtues, being like the four wheels of
a carriage, constituting the means to
prosperity; virtues wheeling to
prosperity.
(Cakkava) a world-circle;
solarsystem; universe.

(Cakama) walking up and
down; a terraced walk. v. to walk up
and down.
(Vatta, Bhassara*)
mode of chanting.
(Cala) an outcaste; the
untouchable.
(Catutthajjhna) the fourth
Jhna; the fourth absorption.
(Catudhtuvavatthna)
analysis of the four elements;
determining of the elements;
contemplation on the four essential
qualities of which the body is
composed.
(Catupaccaya)
(Catubbidhavara*) the
fourfold blessing; the four excellent
things, viz., long life, beauty,
happiness and health.
(Cattri Ariyasaccni) the
Four Noble Truths; the Four Holy
Truths.
(Catuvagga) a chapter of four
monks.
(Candagati*) the system of a
lunar calendar.
(Parittabhaana) (K.)
(used for auspicious ceremonies) to
chant holy stanzas.
(Caraa) behaviour; conduct;
good conduct.
(Carita) the intrinsic nature of a
person; (the six types of)
characteristic behaviour; character;
temperament.
(Cariypiaka) Modes of
Conduct; name of the fifteenth
division of the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Cariyvatta*) 1. customs and
manners to be observed; duties
8

concerned with conduct. 2. conduct
and duties; moral conduct and the
performance of duties.
(Cga) 1. charity; generosity;
sacrifice; self-denial; liberality;
munificence; benefaction. 2.
abandoning; giving up; renunciation.
(Cgasampad) achievement
of charity.
(Cgnussati) reflection on
generosity; recollection of liberality.
(Ctuddas) the 14th day of a
fortnight.
(Ctummahrjik) the
Four Guardian Deities; the realm of
the Four Great Kings.
(Cturagasannipta) the
Great Assembly of Disciples marked
by the union of four factors.
(Bhattahrik*) food carrier;
tiffin carrier.
(Crika) 1. a traveller; wanderer;
way-farer. 2. a wandering place. 3. a
journey; wandering. 4. (T,) v. to
wander; go on a journey.
(Likhati) v. to inscribe; incise;
engrave.
(Citak) a funeral pile;
cremato-rium; pyre; crematory;
catafalque.

(Citta) thought; mind; a state of

consciousness.

(Citta) thought; thoughtfulness;

active thought.
(Cittaniyma) psychic order;
psychic law; order of mind.
(Cittavisuddhi) purity of mind;
purification of consciousness.
(Cittasakhra) mental forma-
tion; mental function, i.e. perception
and feeling.
(Cittnupassan) the
contem-plation of mind;
contemplation of various states of
mind; mindfulness as regards mental
states.

(Cittuppda) the rise of a
thought; thought; intention.
(Cintamayapa) under-
standing through reasoning; wisdom
resulting from reflection.
(Cvara) 1. the yellow robe (of a
Buddhist monk or novice); any of the
three garments of the monk. 2. (K.) the
upper or inner robe.
(Adhihitacvara) the
deter-mined robes; the three robes
determined for regular personal use.
(Cuti) shifting (out of one
existence to another); decease; the
final thought-moment of a particular
life; death.
(Cuticitta) death-consciousness;
dying or death-consciousness; the
consciousness disconnecting the
present life.
(Cutivia)
(Cutpaptaa) the
know-ledge of the decease and
rebirth of beings; the clairvoyant
supernormal vision dealing with the
death and rebirth of beings; the
9

perception of the appearing and
disappearing of various beings
according to the consequences of
their past deeds.
(Cullavagga) Smaller Section;
name of a book of the Vinaya Piaka.

(Cetan) volition; will;
intention.
(Att, Jva) soul; the self;
tman.
(Cetasika) mental
concomitants; mental factors; mental
states; mental activities; the adjuncts
of conscious-ness; mental adjuncts;
mental coefficients.
(Cetasikadukkha) mental
pain.
(Cetasikasukha) mental
happi-ness.
(Cetiya) 1. a person, place or
object worthy of worship; reminder.
2. (K.) a sepulchral monument;
pagoda; shrine; dagoba; bell-shaped
stupa (with a slender spire); tapering-
spired stupa; Phra Chedi.
(Cetopariyaa) know-
ledge of others thoughts; telepathy.
(Cetovimutti) deliverance of
mind.
(Codaka) reprover; accuser;
plaintiff.
(Codan) reproof; charge; accu-
sation; plaint.
(Vihrdhipati*,
Adhikrapati*) the abbot who is an
Ecclesiastical Sub-District Chief as
well.
(Vihrapati*) the abbot.
, (Vassvsa) Vassa-
residence; the rains-retreat; rains-
residence; keeping the Buddhist Lent;
keeping the rainy season; welling
permanently at a suitable place
throughout the three months of the
rainy season.
(Dakkhiodakaptana) v.
pouring the water of dedication (to
transfer merit to other beings).

(Chakmvacaradevaloka) the six
heavens of sensual pleasures.
(Chatta) royal canopy; sunshade;
parasol.
(Chanda) 1. will; aspiration; the
will to do; resolve; zeal; desire;
impulse; wish; loving interest; desire
for truth and understanding. 2.
consent; declaration of consent to an
official act by an absentee; proxy
vote.
(Chanda) metrics; prosody; a
metre; metrical composition.
(Chandgati) the wrong way of
behaviour consisting in predilection;
10

prejudice caused by love; partiality.
(Chabbaaras) the ray of
six colours.
(Chaabhi) the sixfold
super-normal knowledge; the six
psychic powers.

(Bhujati) v. (of a monk or
novice) to eat; take food.
(Chy) 1. (K.) the Pali monastic
name of a Buddhist monk; ordina-
tion-name. 2. shade; shadow.
(Mahakamma) celebration. v. to
celebrate.

(Jaila) a class of ascetics with

matted hair, usually worshipping fire,
sometimes classed under Isi; matted-
hair ascetic.
(Janakakamma) reproductive
kamma; regenerative kamma.
(Jambdpa) the continent of the
roseapples, i.e. India.
(Jayamagalagth)
stanzas for the blessing or glory of
victory.
(Jar) old age; decay.
(Jalbuja) womb-born
creatures; those born from the
womb; the viviparous.
(Javana) impulsion; apperception;
impulsive moment; a phase or stage
of the process of consciousness at
which there is full perception and at
which kamma is performed, usually
lasting for seven thought-moments.
(Jgariynuyoga)
practice of watchfulness; avoidance
of sleep; wakefulness.
(Jtaka) 1. a birth story; the
stories of the Buddhas previous
lives. 2. Birth Stories; name of the
tenth division of the Khuddaka
Nikya.
(Jti) birth; rebirth.
(Paraloka, punabbhava)
rebirth; reexistence;future life.
(Attabhava) a previous birth;
former life.
(Jina) 1. the conqueror; the victor;
the Buddha. 2. Jain; Jaina.
, (Jinaputta, Jinorasa)
a disciple of the Buddha.
(Jivh) the tongue.
(Jivhdvra) tongue-door; tong-
ueavenue.
(Muakaupsik*) a shaven-
headed female devotee who wears
white robes and observes five or
eight precepts; white-robed female
lay follower.
(Jvita) life; vitality.
(Jvitindriya) vitality; life-
prin-ciple;psychic life; the faculty of
life.
(Jivhvia) tongue-cons-
ciousness.
11

(Moli) topknot (of hair on the
crown of the head).

(Sitthadpdhra*)
candlestick.
(Pattdhraka) bowl-support;
bowlstand.
(ratanaghara*) back plate
(Kaik, Kapilandhana*) the
curved finial (of a gable); gable-
finial; (elongated ornate) gable spire.

(Jhna) meditation; absorption;

a state of serene contemplation
attained by meditation; (mis.) trance;
ecstasy.
(Jhpanakicca) cremation.
(Jhpanahna)
crematorium.

, (atti) a motion.
(a) knowledge; real knowledge;
wisdom; insight.
(adassana) knowing
and seeing; perfect knowledge; all-
com-prising knowledge; a vision of
truth; insight; vision through wisdom.
(adassana-visuddhi)
purity of knowledge and vision;
purity of vision regarding intuitive
wisdom; purification by knowledge
and vision.
(ti) a kinsman; relative.
(tibali) offering to kinsfolk;
the helping of ones relatives.
(tisagaha) good
treatment towards kinsmen; the
helping of ones relatives.
(tislohita) relations
and blood relations.
, (ya) right path;
right method; the Noble Path; truth;
Nibbna.
(eyyadhamma) anything
that should be learnt or understood;
the knowable.
(Pos) appellation used by a
monk for his parents or his patron or
supporter.

(Piadna) v. to offer food

to the monks on their almsround.
[ ]
(Pasuklacvaranik-khipana) (K.) v.
12

to lay a robe (as an offering to a
monk at a funeral or memorial
ceremony); lay down a funeral robe.
(yusakhra-vossajjana)
to relinquish the vital force; the
Buddhas announcement of his
coming death.
(k) 1. a sub-commentary. 2. (K.)
a letter of invitation or invitation card
to a monk. 3. (K.) written request for
donation. 4. (K.) petition; appeal.
(Smnimittparisilpaa)
boundarymarking slab (usually made
of stone and erected over a buried
boundary-marking stone to show its
place).

(hna*) pedestal (as of a

Buddha image).
(hnnukkama*) the
ecclesia-stical order of retinue;
assistants or staff members;
entourage.
(hnnusatti) the authority
based on ones rank or dignity.
, (hiti, hti) duration; static
moment; the moment of standing.

(Tacapacaka-
kammah-na) the skin pentad of
meditation subjects; the subject for
meditation comprising the five
constituents ending with the skin (the
four others being hair, body hair,
nails and teeth)
(Tajjanyakamma) the formal
act of censure.
(Tah) craving; desire; thirst.
(Tatiyajjhna) the third
Jhna; the third absorption.
(Tatramajjhattat)
equanimity; equipoise; mental
balance.
(Tathgata) 1. the
Accomplished One; the Thus-come;
the Thus-gone; the Truthwinner; an
epithet of the Buddha. 2. an Arahant.
3. a being.
(Tadagapahna)
abandoning by substitution of
opposites.
(Tadagavimutti) deliverance
by substitution of opposites.
(Tapa) 1. religious austerity;
penan-ce. 2. exertion; mental
devotion; ascetic practice.
(Tassappiyasik)
inflicting a penalty on one who is at
fault; decision for specific depravity.
(Tpasa) a hermit; ascetic.
(Tlapatta) a palm leaf. (K.) a
fan made of palm-leaves, with a long
13

handle, used by a monk in
ceremonies; ceremonial fan.

, (Tvatis) the realm
(or heaven) of the Thirty-three Gods;
name of the second heavenly abode,
of which Sakka is the king.
(Tiavatthrakavinaya)
pro-cedure for covering over (as)
with grass, (a reconciliation of both
parties without need for clearing up
the rights and wrongs).
,

(Tiracchnakath) a variety
of worldly talk; childish talk; aimless
talk.
(Tiracchnayoni) the
animal kingdom; the realm of the
brute creation.
(Tiracchnavijj) a low art;
pseudosciences; any study tending to
be an obstacle on the way to
Nibbna.
(Titthiya) an adherent of another
religion; heretical teacher.
(Tisaraagamanpa-
sampad) ordination by taking the
Threefold Refuge.
(Pjanapha*) a set of
altar tables.
(Tusit) the realm of delight; the
delightful realm; the heaven of the
satisfied gods; name of the fourth
heavenly abode, of which Santusita is
the king.
(Tejokasia) fire-
contempla-tion; fire as a meditational
device.
(Tejodhtu) fire-element; the
element of heat; heat.
(Tevcika) lit. pronouncing
three words or three times; especially
one who pronounces the threefold
formula of refuge, the first being
Yasas father.
(Bodhi) Enlightenment. v. to
be enlightened; attain enlightenment.
(Ticvara) the three robes of a
Bhikkhu, consisting of the under, the
upper and the outer robes; Triple
Robe.
(Tidvra) the three doors or
avenues of action: body, speech, and
mind.
(Tepiaka) lit. the Three
Baskets; the Tipiaka; the three
divisions of the Buddhist Canon, viz.,
Vinaya, Sutta and Abhidhamma,
generally known as the Pali Canon.
, (Tibhava, Tebhmi)
the Three Spheres, viz., the Sense
Sphere, the Form Sphere and the
Formless Sphere; three realms; three
worlds; three planes of existence.
, (Temsa) three
months, especially those of the rainy
season.
(Ratanattaya) the Three Jewels;
the Three Gems; Triple Gem.

(Tilakkhaa) the Three
14

Charac-teristics; the Three Signs of
Being; also called the Common
Characteristics.
(Tiloka) the three worlds.

(Tiveda) lit. the three
knowledges; the three Vedas; the
three divisions of the Brahmanic
canon of authorized religious
teaching and practice, viz., Irubbeda,
Yajubbeda and Smaveda, to which
the fourth, Athabbana, was added
later.
(Tisaraa) the Threefold
Refuge; Three Refuges; Triple
Guide.
(Tisaraagamana) taking
the Threefold Refuge; going to the
Buddha, the Dhamma, and the
Sangha for refuge.
(Sikkhttaya) the Threefold
Learning; the Threefold Training; the
Three Studies: morality, concen-
tration and wisdom, (preferably,
training in higher morality, in higher
mentality, and in higher wisdom).

(Thavik) a small bag in

which the monk carries things; a
monks bag; satchel.
(Thambha) obstinacy; immobility;
hardness; obduracy.
(Thna) sloth; unwieldiness;
impliability; morbid state of mind.
(Thnamiddha) sloth and torpor;
sloth and drowsiness; torpor and
languor; stolidity and drowsiness.
(Thullaccaya) a grave offence;
Serious Transgression.
(Thprahapuggala)
persons worthy of a tope; those
whose relics should be enshrined.
(pupphdhna*) a vase.
(Thena) a thief; (K.) unbecoming
religious; shameless monk.
(Theyyacitta) intention to
steal.
(Theyyacetan) intention to
steal.
(Theyyasavsa) living
clandestinely with the monks;
disguising oneself as a monk;
communion by theft.
(Thera) an elder; a senior member
of the Order; a senior monk (of at
least ten years standing).
(Theragth) Psalms of the
Brethren; Verses of the Elders;
name of the eighth division of the
Khuddaka Nikya.
(Theravda) the Doctrine of the
Elders; Teaching of the Elders; the
Southern School of Buddhism.
(Thernuthera) senior monks
in general.
(Ther) a woman elder; senior nun.
15

(Thergth) Psalms of the
Sisters; Verses of the Women
Elders; name of the ninth division of
the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Kesoropaadivasa*) Shaving
Day; the eve of a Buddhist holy day.
(Vasspanyikdivasa) the
first day of the rains-retreat;
beginning of the rains-residence;
Rains-Entry Day.
(Pavradivasa) the last
day of the rains-residence; end of the
rains-retreat; Retreat-Ending Day.
(Pavradivasa) the last day
of the rains-residence, on which the
Pavra ceremony is performed;
Pavra Day.
(Puamdivasa) the full-
moon day.

(Uposathadivasa) the
Buddhist holy day; Buddhist
Sabbath; day of merit-making;
observance day.

(Uposathadivasa) 1.

2. observance day; the day

on which the Fundamental Rules of
the Buddhist monks are recited.
(Deti) v. to offer, give or present
(to a monk or a prince).
(Sarrajjhpana) the
cremation ceremony.

(Dakkhi) a gift; donation;

dedicatory gift; an intercessional
expiatory offering; donation given to
a holy person with reference to un-
happy beings in the Peta existence,
intended for the alleviation of their
sufferings.
(Dakkhinuppadna*)
offering made to a monk or monks on
behalf of thedead.
(Dakkhivaa) winding to
the right; clockwise.
(Dakkhieyyapuggala)
an individual deserving a donation;
one worthy of a donation.
(Dakkhiodaka) water of
dedication; consecrated water.
(Dakkhianikya) the
Southern School of Buddhism, i.e.
the Theravda.
(Daakamma) punishment;
penalty.
(Dadhi) curd; sour milk.
(Dama) self-command; self-
control; taming; subjugation;
training; mastery; adjustment.
(Dasajti) the ten longest birth-
stories of the Buddha, regarded as the
most important.
(Dasapram) the ten
perfections; the ten principal virtues
practised by a Bodhisatta.
(Dasavara) the ten blessings; ten
16

boons.
(Dasabala) 1. the Ten Powers of
the Buddha. 2. one who is endowed
with ten supernormal powers, i.e. the
Buddha.
(Dasabalaa) the ten
supreme intellectual powers of the
Buddha.
(Dasarjadhamma) the
ten-fold code of the king; the tenfold
virtue or duty of the king; the ten
royal virtues; virtues of a ruler.
(Dassana) 1. seeing; sight;
intuition. 2. view; opinion; theory.
(Dahkamma) making firm;
strengthening by repeating, as re-
ordination.
(Dhadhtu) the tooth relic (of
the Buddha).
(Dna) giving; gift; alms-giving;
charity; generosity; benevolence;
liberality; a gift; donation; alms;
benefaction.
(Dnapati) 1. lord of alms;
master in liberality. 2. one in charge
of alms-giving; chief donor.
(Dnamaya) (merit) gained
through, or connected with, alms-
giving; the way of making merit,
consisting in alms-giving or charity.
(Dyaka) almsgiver; donor;
benefactor; the lay supporter of
Bhikkhus; lay giver; lay supporter.
(Dyik) a female donor.
(Dihadhamma) the visible
order of things; present condition;
this world; the present life;
temporality.

(Dihadhammavedanya-kamma)
immediately effective kamma;
kamma ripening during the life-time.
(Dihadhammikattha) gain
for this life; present benefit; temporal
welfare; sources of happiness in the
present life.
(Dihvikamma) an open
state-ment of ones view; explanation
of views; view clarification.
(Dihi) 1. a theory; view; belief;
opinion; speculation; dogma. 2.
misbelief; erroneous opinion; false
theory.
(Dihivisuddhi) purity of
under-standing; purification of view.
(Dihi-smaat) equality
in view; unity in view.
(Dihujukamma) straightening
of ones own views.
(Dihupdna) clinging to
erro-neous opinions; attachment to
views.
(Dibba) divine; heavenly; celestial.
(Dibbacakkhu) divine eye;
heavenlyeye; clairvoyance.
(Dibbasota) divine ear;
heavenly ear;clairaudience.
(Saghikavatthu) monastery
estate.
(Dghanikya) the Collection
of Long Discourses; Dialogues of the
Buddha; name of the first main
17

division of the Sutta Piaka.
(rmavatthu, Vihravatthu)
monastery compound.

(Kappanvatthu*) monastic
revenue estate.
(Navanta) fresh butter;
(accor-ding to some, ghee).
(Sappi) ghee; clarified butter.
(Parittodaka*) consecrated
water; blessing water; lustral water;
holy water.
(Dukkaa) an offence of
wrongdoing.
(Dukkarakiriy) the practice
of austerities; self-mortification.
(Dukkha) 1. suffering; misery;
woe; pain; ill; sorrow; trouble;
discomfort; unsatisfactoriness;
problematic situa-tion; stress;
conflict. adj. unsatisfac-tory;
miserable; painful; subject to
suffering; ill; causing pain. 2. physical
or bodily pain; difficulty; unease; ill-
being.
(Dukkhat) the state of being
subject to suffering; painfulness;
stress; conflict.

(Dukkhanirodhagmi-npaipad
Ariyasacca) the Noble Truth of the
Path that leads to the Cessation (or,
the Extinction) of Suffering.
(Dukkhanirodha Ariya-
sacca) the Noble Truth of the
Cessation of Suffering; the Noble
Truth of the Extinction of Suffering.
(Dukkhavedan) painful
feeling.
(Dukkhasamudaya
Ariya-sacca) the Noble Truth of the
Cause (or, the Origin) of Suffering;
the Noble Truth of the Condition of
the Arising of Suffering.
(Dukkha Ariyasacca) the
Noble Truth of Suffering.
(Duggati) (the 3 or 4) States of
Unhappiness; woeful courses of
existence; evil states; woeful existen-
ces.
(Duccarita) bad conduct; wrong
action.
(Dutiyajjhna) the second
Jhna; the second absorption.
(Dubbhsita) an offence of
wrong speech.
(Dussla) of bad conduct; void
of morality; immoral.
(Sitthadpa) a candle.
(Vassadpa, Vassikapadpa)
candle for the rains; Lenten candle.
(Deva) lit. a shining one; god;
deity; divine being.
(Deyyadna) a gift fit to be
given; gift; donation.
(Deyyadhamma) that which
has the quality of being given; gift;
offerings (to monks).
(Devat) a celestial or heavenly
being; deity.
(Devatnussati) recollection
18

of heavenly beings; reflection on
deifying virtues as found in oneself.
(Devatbali) an offering to
the deity.
(Devadta) lit. gods messenger;
divine messenger; a symbolic name
for those things which remind man of
his future and rouse him to earnest
striving.
(Devadhamma) divine virtue;
the virtues that make divine, i.e.
moral shame and dread.
(Devarpa*) an image of a deity;
idol.
(Devaloka) world of gods;
heaven; celestial realm.
(Desakla) a season for merit-
making and local festivals.
(Desan) preaching; discourse;
sermon; instruction. v. to preach;
expound the Doctrine; give a sermon.
(Mahjtakadesan*)
(K.) Great-Birth Sermon; a sermon
on the great birth story of the
Bodhisatta Vessantara.
(Domanassa) a painful mental
feeling; (mental) displeasure; sad-
mindedness; grief.
(Dosa, Vajja, dnava) fault;
blemish; defect; corruption;
depravity; disadvantage.
(Dosa) hatred; anger; ill-will;
aversion.
(Dosacarita) the hateful; one
of hating temperament; a quick-
tempered person.
(Dosgati) wrong way of
behaviour consisting in hatred;
prejudice caused by hatred.
(Dvra) 1. door; avenue. 2. a sense-
door; sense-avenue. 3. door of action.
(Dvevcika) lit. pronouncing
two words or two times; especially
those who pronounce the words,
taking only two refuges, viz., the
Buddha and the Dhamma, Tapussa
and Bhallika being the first ones.

- -
(Dhammavinaya) Dhamma-
Vinaya; the Norm-Discipline; the
Doctrine and the Discipline.
, (Dhamma) 1. the Dharma;
the Dhamma; the Doctrine; the
Teachings (of the Buddha). 2. the
Law; nature. 3. the Truth; Ultimate
Reality. 4. the Supramundane,
especially Nibbna. 5. quality;
righteousness; virtue; morality; good
conduct; right behaviour. 6. tradition;
practice; principle; norm; rule; duty.
7. justice; impartiality. 8. thing;
phenomenon. 9. a cognizable object;
mind-object; idea. 10. mental state;
mental factor; mental activities. 11.
condition; cause; causal antecedent.
19

(Dhammakath) ethical discus-
sion; religious talk; talk on the
Dhamma; Dhammalecture.
(Dhammakathika) one who
preaches the Doctrine; a preacher.
(Dhammakmat) the quality
of one who loves the Dhamma; love
of Truth.
(Dhammakkhandha) a portion
of the Dhamma; a main article of the
Doctrine; a textual unit; a category of
the Dhamma.
(Dhamakaraka) a filter; water-
strainer.
(Dhammagua) virtue or
quality of the Dhamma.

(Dhammacakkappavatta-nasutta) the
discourse of setting in motion the
Wheel of the Doctrine; the Discourse
of the Foundation of the Kingdom of
Righteousness; the First Sermon.
(Dhammacakkhu) the Eye of
Truth; the Eye of Wisdom.
(Dhammacakka) the Wheel of
the Doctrine; the Wheel of the Law;
the Wheel of Truth; the Kingdom of
Righteousness; the First Sermon.
(Dhammacariy) observance
of righteousness; righteous conduct.
(Dhammacrika) wandering
Dhamma-preacher; spiritual-welfare
worker.
(Dhammacetiya) a shrine in
which sacred texts are housed; a
shrine of theDoctrine; doctrinal
monument.
(Dhammaut) the quality of
one who knows the Law; knowing
the cause or origin; knowing the
principles.
(Dhammat) general rule;
nature; the law of nature; cosmic law.
(Dhammadna) the Gift of
Truth; gift of the Dhamma.
(Dhammadta*) Dhamma-
messen-ger; Buddhist field-preacher;
Buddhist missionary.
(Dhammadesan)
expounding the Dhamma; preaching;
exposition of the Doctrine; a sermon.
(Dhammadesanmaya)
(merit) connected with, or to be
gained through, preaching; the way
of making merit consisting in moral
instruction.
(Dhammadhara) Dhamma
bearer; one versed in the Dhamma;
an expert in the Dhamma.
(Dhammadhtu) 1. a mental
object. 2. the cosmic law.
(Dhammaniyma) order of
the norm; law of the Dhamma;
certainty ororderliness of causes and
effects; general law of cause and
effect.
(Dhammapaisambhid)
Dis-crimination of the Law;
analytical knowledge of the Law;
discrimina-ting knowledge of
reasons, conditions or causal
relations.
20

(Dhammapada) 1. Way of
Truth; An Anthology of Sayings of
the Buddha; name of the second
division of the Khuddaka Nikya. 2. a
line or stanza of the Doctrine; a word
of the Doctrine; talk or discourse on
the Dhamma.
(Dhammapariyya) disquisi-
tion.
(Dhammappamik)
those who measure or judge by right-
eousness; those whose faith depends
on the Dhamma or on righteous
behaviour.
,
(Dhammayuttika-nikya*) the
Dhammayutika Sect; Law-Abiding
Sect; Smaller Sub-Order (of the
Khmer Monkhood); smaller
denomination.
(Dhammavd) one who speaks
according to the Dhamma; speaker of
the doctrine; speaker of the rightful
things.
(Dhammavicaya) investigation
of the Truth or the Doctrine; (K.)
research on the Dhamma; search of
Truth.
(Dhammavijaya) conquest by
piety; conquest by righteousness.
(Dhammavibhga)
classification of dhammas;
enumeration of the Dhamma;
Dhamma classification.
(Dhammasagai)
Classifica-tion of Dhammas;
Enumeration of Phenomena; name
of the first book of the Abhidhamma
Piaka.
(Dhammasabh) the Hall of
Truth; a hall for the discussion of the
Dhamma; a place for religious
meeting.

(Dhammaskacch)
discussion about the Doctrine;
religious discus-sion.
(Dhammasl) preaching hall;
study hall.
(Dhammasenpati)
generalis-simo of the Dhamma;
Commander in Chief of the Law; an
epithet of the Venerable Sriputta.
(Dhammassavana) hearing
the Dhamma; hearing the preaching
of the Dhamma; hearing a sermon;
listening to the good teaching.
(Dhammassavanamaya)
(merit) connected with, or to be
gained through, hearing a sermon; the
way of making merit consisting in
listening to the Dhamma.

(Dhammnudhammapai-patti)
practice in perfect conformity to the
Dhamma.
(Dhammdhihna)
exposition in terms of ideas; teaching
with reference to ideas.
(Dhammdhipateyya)
regard of the Dhamma (the Law or
righteousness) as being supreme;
supremacy of the Dhamma; dominant
21

influence by the Dhamma; rule of the
true law; rule of righteousness.
(Dhammnupassan) the
Con-templation of Mind-object;
contem-plation of phenomena;
mindfulness as regards the Dhamma.
(Dhammnussati)
recollection of the Doctrine;
reflection on the virtues of the
Dhamma.
(Dhammbhisamaya)
under-standing of the Truth;
conversion to the Dhamma;
enlight nment. e
(Dhammrammaa) a mind-
object; cognizable object; cognos-
cible object.
(Dhammsana) the Dhamma-
seat; a seat on which a monk sits
while preaching; pulpit.
(Dhammkath) religious talk;
discussion concerning the Doctrine;
Dhamma talk.
(Dhtu) 1. an element; natural
condition; that which carries its own
characteristic mark. 2. a relic,
especially that of the Buddha or an
Arahant.
(Dhtukath) Discussion with
reference to the Elements; name of
the third book of the Abhidhamma
Piaka.

(Dhtucetiya) a shrine over
the Buddhas relic; dagoba.


(Dhiti) energy; courage; steadfast-
ness; firm character; resolution;
wisdom.
(Dhutaga, Dhtaga) (the
thirteen) Austere Practices;
constituents of ascetic practice to
remove defile-ments.
(Dhura) burden; load; duty;
charge; office; responsibility.
(Dhpa) an incense-stick; joss-
stick.
(Puakaraa) merit-making;
performing meritorious action. v. to
make merit; do merit; do good;
perform meritorious action.

(Nakkhattakana) the
celebra-tion of a festival; festivity.

(Naccagtavditavis-kadassana)
dancing, singing, music, and
unseemly shows (or stage plays).
, ~ (Natthikadihi) lit. the
theory of nothingness; nihilism;
nihilistic view.
(Namakkra) salutation; the
act of paying homage; homage;
veneration; (K.) salutation with joined
22

palms.
(Pubbaha-sajjhya*,
Pta-bha*) morning chanting.
(Syaha-sajjhya*,
Sya-bha*) evening chanting.
(Naraka, Niraya) abyss; hell;
purgatory.
(Navakabhikkhu) a neophyte;
newly ordained monk (of less than 5
years standing).
(Navakamma) building new;
construction; making repairs.
(Nga) 1. a serpentlike water-god.
2. (K.) an applicant (or candidate) for
ordination; ordinand.
(Nma) mind; name; mental
factors; mentality.
(Nmarpa) Mind and Matter;
name and form; mind and body;
mentality and corporeality.
, (Nsana, ~n) causing
to perish; expulsion.
(Nikya) 1. a collection; group;
any of the five main divisions of the
Sutta Piaka. 2. a sect; school;
denomination.
(Nikkhepapada) a verse or
words of summary; thesis; verse or
passage set up for detailed treatment
in a discourse; a saying quoted for
discoursing; discourse-opening verse.
(Nikkhepapada) topic; theme;
subject; subject matter; gist; point of
a discussion; query.
(Niggahakamma) suppression;
punishment; censure; reproach;
rebuke; chastisement of a perverse
monk.
(Nigaha) lit. one who is freed
from all ties; a member of the Jain
Order; ascetic in Jainism.
(Niccabhatta) a continuous
foodsupply; monthly food allowance.
(Niccasla) regular precepts;
uninterrupted observance of virtue;
the good conduct to be observed
uninterruptedly, i.e. the Five
Precepts.
(Nidna) 1. source; cause; origin;
reference. 2. (K.) a story.
(Vasa) tradition; chronicle.
(Niddesa) 1. Expositions;
name of the eleventh division of the
Khuddaka Nikya. 2. description;
analytic explanation.
(Nind) blame; reproach; fault-
finding; calumny. v. to blame;
calumniate; speak ill of a person.
(Nibbna) Nirva; Nibbna; the
extinction of the fires of greed, of
hatred and of ignorance; the
Unconditioned; the supreme goal of
Buddhism; the Summum Bonum of
Buddhism; the Final Goal; the
extinction of all defilements and
suffering.
(Nibbid) dispassion; disinterest;
disenchantment.
(Nimanteti) v. to invite (monks),
especially for a collective action.
, (Nimantana) invitation (for
23

a monk). v. to invite (a monk).
(Nimitta) sign; omen; mark;
portent; cause; mental image; mental
reflex; boundary marker.
(Sm-nimitta, Nimitta) a
boundary marker, boundary-marking
stone.
(Nimmnarati) the realm of the
gods who rejoice in (their own)
creations; name of the fifth heavenly
abode of which Sunimmita is the
king.
(Niyasakamma, Niyassa~)
the formal act of subordination;
giving guidance; causing (a monk) to
live (again) in dependence.
(Niyma) certainty; fixed
method; regular order; the state of
certainty; the five orders of processes
which operate in the physical and
mental realms; natural and regular
orders governing all things; natural
law.
(Niraya) hell; woeful state.
(Niruttipaisambhid) the
Discrimination of Language; know-
ledge of dialects or philological
analysis; analytical knowledge of the
language (with regard to the true
meaning and the Law).
(Nirodha) the Cessation or
Extinction of Suffering; cessation;
extinction.
(Nivta) humbleness; humility;
lowliness; gentleness.
(Nissaggiyapcittiya) an
offence entailing expiation with
forfeiture.
(Nissaya) 1. 2.
habit.
(Nissaya) that on which
anything depends; foundation; help;
resource; support; protection;
guidance; tutelage; dependence.

(Nissayamuttaka) lit.
released from dependence, or
independent of protection; a legally
independent monk; a monk who has
completed five years of living in
dependence on the preceptor.
(Nissaraavimutti) deliver-
ance by escaping from defilements;
freedom by deliverance; Nibbna.
(Nvaraa) (the five)
hindrances; obstacles.
(Nekkhamma) renunciation;
giving up the world; escape from
sensual-ity; absence of greed;
independence of sensual desire and
pleasures; self-denial; self-
abnegation.
(Nekkhammavitakka)
thought of renunciation; thought free
from selfish desire.

(Neyya) one who is to be led or
instructed; one requiring guidance; a
trainable or teachable person.

(Nevasansa-yatana) the
Realm of neither Perception nor Non-
24

perception; the fourth immaterial sphere.

(Pakaraa) a literary work;

book; canonical text; scripture.
(Pakkha) a fortnight; one half of
the lunar month; (lunar) half-month.
(Ratanapkra) consecrated
wall; a parapet (surrounding a sacred
building).
(Vaccaku) the water closet;
toilet (for monks); privy.
(Pasukla) lit. soiled or
loathesome as dirt; like a dust
heap; discarded; disposed of;
unwanted. 1. rags from a dust heap;
a robe made of rags taken from dust-
bins; discarded cloth; rag-robe. 2. (K.)
a yellow robe dedicated to a deceased
person. v. to take such robes after
contemplating on the imper-manence
of compounded things; meditate and
take a funeral (or memorial) robe.
(Pasukla-cvara,
Assmika-vattha) Forest Robe;
(probably, ) cloth
discarded in the forest or on a charnel
ground; discarded cloth; (K.) a robe
left for the monks to take as a
discarded cloth. v. ( ) to
leave a robe (together with other
offerings) for the monks to take as a
discarded cloth; hold a Forest-Robe
Presenta-tion Ceremony.
(Paccantadesa) the out-
skirts of a country; bordering regions.
(Paccaya) 1. condition; aiding
condition; factor. 2. (the four)
requisites, viz., clothing, food,
dwelling and medicine; necessities.
(Paccayasannissitasla)
discipline as regards the four
requisites; conduct in connection
with the necessities of life.
(Paccaykra) the Mode of
Dependency.
(Paccavekkhaa) reflection;
consideration; reviewing.
(Paccupahna) appearance;
mode of appearance; phenomenon.
(Paccekabuddha) a private
Buddha; a Silent Buddha; a Buddha
who has won enlightenment by
himself, but does not teach others;
one who gains liberation for himself
alone.
(Pacchbhatta) afternoon; after
the mealtime of the monk.
(Pacchsamaa) a junior
monk who walks behind a senior on
his rounds; accompanying monk;
attend-ant.
(Pacchimajti) the last birth.
(Pacchimabhattakla*) the
limited time for the second and last
meal of the monk; lunchtime for
Buddhist monks, (11.00 A.M. to 12.00
noon); forenoon meal.
25

(Pacchimayma) the last
watch (from 2:00 to 6:00 a.m.).
(Pacchimavc) the last word;
the last saying.
(Pacchimaovda) the last
instru-ction; the last advice or
exhortation.
(Pacchimik) the later
period for keeping the rains.
(Pacakkhandha) the Five
Aggre-gates; the five groups of
existence; the five causally
conditioned elements of existence
forming a being or entity, viz.,
corporeality, feeling, perception,
mental forma-tions and
consciousness.
(Pacappatihitena
vandana) five-point prostration; the
method of veneration or obeisance by
prostra-ting oneself or kneeling and
touching the ground with five parts of
the body, viz., the knees, elbows and
forehead.
(Pacadvra) the five sense-
doors: eye, ear, nose, tongue and
body.
(Pacadhamma) the five ennob-
ling virtues.
(Pacavaggiya) belonging to
the group of five; the five Bhikkhus;
the five ascetics; the five mendicants,
namely, Akoaa, Vappa,
Bhaddiya, Mahnma, and Assaji.
(Pacasla) the Five Precepts;
the Five Rules of Morality; the Five
Training Rules.
(Pa) wisdom; knowledge;
insight; discernment.
(Pacakkhu) the Eye of
Wisdom.
(Pavimutti) liberation
through wisdom; emancipation
through insight.
(Pasampad)
achievement of wisdom; the blessing
of higher knowledge.

(Pah) a question; inquiry;
problem.
(Paiklasa)
consciousness of impurity;
perception of loath-someness.
(Paigghaka) a recipient;
one who receives.
(Paigha) repulsion; irritation;
anger; illwill; grudge.
(Paiccasamuppda) the
Dependent Origination; the Law of
Causation; the Chain of Causation;
the Law of Dependent Arising; the
Chain of Phenomenal Cause and
Effect; the Conditional Arising and
Cessation of All Phenomena; (the
twelve links of) conditioned co-
production.
(Paitakaraa) doing
according to what is admitted;
proceeding on the acknowledgement
(by the accused monk).
(Paipatti) the practice.
(Paipad) path; way; method;
26

mode of progress; means of reaching
a goal; practice; line of conduct.

(Paipadadassana-visuddhi) purity
of knowledge and vision of progress.
(Paipassaddhivimutti)
deli-verance by tranquillization.
(Paibhganimitta)
conceptua-lized image; counterpart
sign; counter image.
(Paibha) perspicuity;
sagacity; shrewdness; ready wit.
(Paibha-
paisambhid) the Discrimination of
Sagacity.
(Paim) an image; figure.
(Pairpadesavsa) living
in a suitable region; residing in a
suitable locality; dwelling in a
favourable place.
(Pailoma) reverse; opposite;
contrary; backward; in reverse order.
(Paivedha) penetration;
realiza-tion; comprehension;
attainment; insight; knowledge.
(Paisakharaa)
restoration; reparation; repair;
mending.
(Paisanthra) friendly
welcome; kind reception; hospitality;
greeting.
(Paisandhi) relinking; rebirth;
reunion; conception.
(Paisandhikkhaa)
relinking moment; the initial thought-
moment of life; the initial thought-
process.
(Paisandhivia)
rebirth-consciousness; relinking
conscious-ness.
(Paisambhid) (the four)
Discrimination; analytic insight;
Analytical Knowledge; discrimina-
ting knowledge.
(Paisambhidmagga) the
Way of Analysis; the Way of
Discriminating Knowledge; name of
the twelfth division of the Khuddaka
Nikya.
(Paisrayakamma)
formal act of reconciliation.
(Paissava) promise; assent.
(Pahna) the Book of Causal
Relations; name of the seventh book
of the Abhidhamma Piaka.
(Pahamajjhna) the first
Jhna; the first absorption.
(Pahamadesan) the First
Sermon; the First Discourse.

(Pahamayma) the first
watch (from 6:00 to 10:00 p.m.)
(Pahamasvaka) the first
disciple: Akoaa.
(Pahavdhtu) lit. the earth-
element; the element of extension;
solid; the substratum of matter.
(Paidhna) aspiration;
determi-nation; resolution.
(Paaka) a eunuch.
(Paattivajja) formulated
27

fault; breach of the training rules; that
which is blamable by the regulation.

, (Pattanikujjan) the
formal act of exclusion from
association; excommunication.
(Ahapallakanisajj) v. to sit
flat with both legs tucked back to one
side; sit sideways.
(Pattnumodan) rejoicing
in others merit.
(Pattnumodanmaya)
(merit) connected with, or to be
gained through, rejoicing in others
merit.
(Pattidna) giving of merit;
transference of merit; letting others
share or participate in doing good.
(Pattidnamaya) (merit)
connected with, or to be gained
through, the giving out of ones
accumulated merit; the transference
of merit or letting others share in
doing good as a way of making merit.
(Padahna) a proximate cause.
(Padhna) effort; exertion;
striving; the Four Great Efforts.
(Papaca) diversification;
diffuse-ness; multiplicity;
proliferation.
(Pabbajita) an ascetic; recluse;
monk; the ordained; religious;
renunciate; monastic.
(Pabbajj) 1. leaving the world;
going forth; adopting the ascetic life;
ordination. 2. the lower ordination;
ordination of a novice; admission to
novicehood; Initiation.
(Pabbjanyakamma) the
act of banishment; exile; the
punishment made to a monk
deserving to be expelled.
, (Pamda)
heedlessness; carelessness;
negligence; indolence; remissness.

(Paradrakamma) adultery;
unlawful intercourse with others
wives.
(Paranimmitavasavatt) the
realm of gods who lord over the
creation of others; name of the sixth
heavenly abode of which Vasavatti is
the king.
, (Paramattha) 1. the
highest good; the highest ideal; the
highest gain; the highest benefit; the
final goal; the Absolute Truth; the
Ultimate Reality; Nibbna. 2. (the
four) Ultimates; Ultimate Realities.
(Paramatthasacca) the
absolute truth; ultimate truth.
, (Dhtu) the Buddhas
relics.
(Paraloka) the other world; the
world beyond; the world to come.
(Paravd) the opponent (in
argument or controversy.)
(Parikamma) 1. arrangement;
pre-paration; preliminary action. 2.
(K.) repetition; pronouncing
incantations; recitation (or to recite)
28

for the purpose of making sacred.
(Parikkhra) requisite; (the
eight) requisites of a Buddhist monk:
the three robes, the bowl, a razor, a
needle, the girdle and a water-
strainer; accessory; equipment.
(Pariccga) donation; charity;
sacrifice. v. to donate; give; give up.
(Pariccga) giving up; sacrifice.
(Pariccheda) a chapter;
fascicule.
(Pari) accurate or exact
knowledge; full understanding;
comprehension.
(Pari*, Pli*) one versed
or learned in Pali studies; one who
has passed the examination of any of
the seven higher (3 to 9) grades of
Pali studies; eccl. graduate of Pali
studies; Pali graduate; Pali scholar.
(Parieyyadhamma) that
which is to be known accurately; that
which should be understood or
comprehended, i.e. suffering (or all
conditioned things).
(Paritta) verses of protection or
safeguard; protective chants; holy
stanzas.
(Parideva) lamentation.
(Parinibbna) the final or
complete Nibbna; the complete
extinction of all passions; the final
release from the round of rebirth; the
Great Decease of the Buddha; death
(after the last life-span of an Arhant).
(Paribbjaka) a wandering
religious mendicant; wanderer.
(Paribhogacetiya) a tree,
shrine, dwelling, bed, etc. used by the
Buddha and consequently remindful
of him and sacred; the monument of
the Buddhas utility; shrine by use (or
by association).
(Pariyatti) the Scriptures; study
of the Scriptures; the Teachings to be
studied.
(Parivra) Epitome of the
Vinaya; the Accessory; name of
the last book of the Vinaya Piaka.
(Parivra) 1. retinue; suite; pomp;
followers; following. 2. accessories.
(Parivsa) probation.
(vsaparivea) the
compound of a monastery; the Wat
compound.
(Parisaut) the quality of
one who knows the assembly;
knowing the assembly; knowledge of
groups of persons.
(Paris) surrounding people; an
assembly; company: association; the
four assemblies of the Buddhist
devouts: the assemblies of monks,
nuns, male and female lay devotees.
(Palsa) rivalry; envious
rivalry; domineering.
(Palibodha) obstruction;
hindran-ce; obstacle; impediment;
drawback.
(Pallaka) a couch; throne;
crossedlegged sitting.
(Mahpaim-
29

patih-na) base (for the principal
Buddha image); pedestal.
(Pavra) 1. invitation; giving
occasion or opportunity; allowance.
2. invitation to ask. 3. invitation to
speak; the act of inviting others to
advise one or to speak of ones
offences or any unbecoming behav-
iour; the ecclesiastical ceremony at
the end of the rains retreat, in which
monks invite one another to speak of
any offences or unbecoming behav-
iour they have seen, heard or
suspected to have been committed
during the rains. v. to invite to ask or
to speak.
(Pasda) confidence;
satisfaction; joy; calm and clarity of
mind; appreciation; faith.
(Passaddhi) tranquillity;
quietude; calmness; repose; serenity;
relaxa-tion.
(Passsa) out-breathing;
exhala-tion.
(Pahtabbadhamma) that
which is to be eradicated or
abandoned, i.e. the Cause of
Suffering.
(Pahna) giving up;
abandoning; removal; eradication;
overcoming.
(Pahnapadhna) the effort
to discard evils that have arisen; the
effort to overcome unwholesome
states.
(Abbhukkirati, Sicati) v. to
sprinkle.
(Pcittiya) 1. Minor
Offences; one of the books of the
Vinaya; 2. an offence entailing
expiation.
(Pidesanya) an offence
to be confessed.
, (Pmokkha,
Ptimok-kha) the Fundamental
Precepts; the fundamental rules of
the Order; the 227 disciplinary rules
binding on Bhikkhus; a collection of
the fundamental precepts of the
Order recited every fortnight;
fortnightly recitation of the
fundamental precepts; Disciplinary
Code.

(Pimokkhasavarasla) discipline
as prescribed by the Pimokkha;
moral discipline as regards the
Fundamental Precepts; restraint with
regard to the monastic disciplinary
code.
(Pihriya) marvel; wonder;
miracle.
(Ptipta) taking life;
killing.
(Patta) a bowl; alms-bowl.
(Ppa) evil; wrong action;
demerit; (mis.) sin. adj. evil; bad;
wicked; demeritorious; (mis.) sinful.
(Pmojja) delight; joy;
gladness; cheerfulness.
(Pram) (the ten) Perfections;
stages of spiritual perfection achieved
by a Bodhisatta on his path to
30

Buddhahood (or by those who are
determined to become Pacceka-
buddhas or Arahant disciples of a
Buddha).
(Prjika) 1. Major Offences;
the first of the two divisions of the
Suttavibhaga of the Vinaya. 2. a
grave offence involving expulsion
from monkhood; Defeat. 3. one who
has committed the grave offence of
expulsion; defeated one.
(Prisuddhisla) the four
kinds of Higher Sla; the fourfold
moral purity; morality for
purification; morality consisting in
purity.
(Pli) 1. Pli language; the
language adopted by the Theravdins
as the language in which to preserve
the memorized teachings of the
Buddha. 2. Tipiaka; the text of the
Pali Canon; the Buddhas teachings
as contained in the Tipiaka.
(Pvacana) the fundamental
text; the Scriptures; the Dhamma and
the Vinaya; the Doctrine and the
Discipline.
(Piaka) a basket; any of the three
main divisions of the Pli Canon.

(Piapta) food received in
the alms-bowl (of a Bhikkhu); alms-
gathering; almsfood. v. to go for alms;
go for collecting alms; go for alms-
gathering; go on an almsround;
receive food-offerings.
(Suvalepa) v. to gild; cover
with gold leaf; put a gold leaf on. adj.
gilded; covered with gold leaves.
(Pitughta) patricide.
, (Pittivisaya,
Pettivisa-ya) the plane of the
departed; the world of manes; the
realm of ghost-beings.
(Piyavc) pleasant speech;
kindly speech.
(Pisuavc) malicious
speech; slandering; tale-bearing.
(Pti) joy; rapture; delight; zest;
interest.
(Puggalaut) the quality of
one who knows individuals; knowing
the individual; knowledge of
individuals.
(Puggalapaatti)
Description of Individuals;
Designation of Individuals; name
of the fourth book of the
Abhidhamma Piaka.
(Puggaldhihna)
exposition in terms of persons;
teaching with reference to persons;
teaching by means of personification.
cf. Dham-mdhihna.
(Pucchvissajjan)
catechism; question and answer.
(Puakiriyvatthu) (the
three or ten) items of meritorious
action; way of making merit.
(Pua) merit; meritorious
action; virtue; righteousness; moral
acts; good works. adj. meritorious;
good.
31

, (Kaikropana*) (K.)
the ceremony of mounting the gable-
finial.
(Gehamagala*) house-
blessing ceremony.
(Smnimittanidhna)
cere-mony of depositing boundary
marking stones; burial of boundary
markers.
(Sarrajjhpana) funeral;
obsequies; cremation ceremony.

(Gehapahamaparibhogama-gala*,
Gehappavesana-magala*)
housewarming ceremony.
(Puthujjana) a worldling;
worldly person; ordinary man.
(Pubbekatapuat) the
state of having done meritorious
actions in the past; to have done good
deeds in the past; having prepared
oneself with good background.
(Pubbakamma) a former deed; a
deed done in a former existence.
(Pubbakaraa) preliminary
works.
(Pubbakr) one who does a
favour before; a previous benefactor.
(Pubbakicca) preliminary
function; preliminary duties.
(Pubbanimitta) a foregoing
sign; prognostic; portent.
(Pubbapetabali) offerings
dedi-cated to the deceased.

(Pubbenivsnussati-a)
Reminiscence of Past or Previous
Births; the recollection of former
lives; supernormal know-ledge which
enables one to remember the various
past courses of ones own existences.
(Pubbesannivsa) living
toge-ther in the past; previous
association; cohabitation in a
previous life.
(Purimik) the earlier period
for keeping the rains.
(Pjanyapuggala) a
venerable person; person worthy of
honour; one entitled to homage.
(Pjanyavatthu*) an object
of worship.
,
(Pjanyahna*) a place of
worship; place of sanctity; religious
place; shrine; holy or sacred place;
sanctuary.
(Pj) worship (external and men-
tal); honour; veneration; homage;
devotional attention; devotional
offering.
(Puam) the full-moon day.
, (Pabbajj, upasampad)
giving up the world; adopting the
ascetic life; ordination. v. to go forth;
give up or renounce the world;
become an ascetic, a Bhikkhu or a
novice; be ordained; join or enter the
Order.
(Petavatthu) Stories of the
Departed; name of the tenth divi-
sion of the Khuddaka Nikya.
32

(Peyyavajja) lit. drinkable
words; kindly speech.

, (Preti, Bhveti) v. to
fulfil; cultivate; develop; practise.
(Sakkacca sahatth deti) v. to
present (something to a monk) with
the hand.
(Citaklimpana,
Sarrajjhpana) v. to light the funeral
pyre.
(Ajali karoti) v. to lift the
joined palms as a token of reverence;
put the hands together (at the chest or
forehead) in salutation.
(Padakkhi) respectful
clock-wise circumambulation. v. to
circumambulate; make a triple
circumambulation.

(Parittodaka-abbhukkiraa*;
~- sicana*) to sprinkle the holy
water.

(Peta) a departed being; ghost;
ghost-being; hungry ghost; the ghost
of the departed.

(Pharapti) rapture;
diffused rapture.
(Pharusavc) harsh speech;
harsh language.
(Phala) fruit; result; consequence;
effect.
(Phassa) contact; touch; mental
impression.
(Phita) treacle; molasses;
sugar.
(Dhpabhjana*) incensory;
censer.
(Phohabba) tangible object.
(Cittavjan,
hnantaravjan) an ornamental
long-handled fan used as insignia of a
monastic rank; fan as rank insignia;
rank fan; official fan; fan insignia.
( ) (Paksana,
Vipulakaraa) propagation;
dissemination; spread-ing.

(Mettya phara) radiation
of loving-kindness. v. to wish others
(or all beings) to be well and happy.

(Baddhasm) boundary
establi-shed by the Sagha;
33

(Vara) boon; blessing; favour.
(Bala) power; strength; health;
energy.
(Bali) religious offering.
(Bahulakamma)
(Bahussuta) one who has great
knowledge; a very learned man; well-
taught man; man of great learning.
(Bla) a fool; spiritually defective
person.
(Bhusacca) much learning;
great learning; profound knowledge.
(Vidhna) arrangement; perform-
ance; ceremony.
(Pjvidhi, Crittaniyama*) rite;
ritual; ceremony.
(Vidhikara*) master of
ceremonies.
(Magala, Magala-samaya)
auspicious ceremony; festive occa-
sion.
(Cetiyamahpj*,
Vihra-samajja*, ~ussava*, ~maha*)
temple fair.
(Vivhakla,
Vivhamagala) wedding; marriage
ceremony.

(Avamagala,
Petadakkhi-dna) (K.) funeral; rites
for the dead; funereal occasion;
memorial service; inauspicious
occasion.
,
(Bjaniyma) physical
organic order; biological laws.
(Buddha) the Buddha; a Buddha;
enlightened one.
(Buddhakla) the time of the
Buddha (or a Buddha); the advent of
the Buddha.
(Buddhakicca) the Buddhas
daily routine; duty of the Buddha.
(Buddhagua) the quality
(virtue or character) of the Buddha.
(Buddhacakka) the Buddhist
monastic order.
(Buddhacariy) the Buddhas
conduct; the Buddhas course of
conduct; the Buddhas career or style
of life; the Buddhas life activities;
the way of the Buddha.
(Buddhantara) a Buddha-
interval; the period between the
appearance of one Buddha and the
next.

(Buddhaparis) the Buddhist
assembly; the four assemblies of
Buddhists; Buddhists (collectively).
(Buddhapda) the Buddhas
footprint.
(Buddhapavatti*) the life of
the Buddha; life-story of the Buddha.
(Buddhabhsita) what was
said by the Buddha; the Buddhas
sayings.
34

(Buddhammaka) one
devoted to the Buddha; one who
professes Buddhism; Buddhist.

(Buddhavacana) the word of
the Buddha; (K.) any sayings or
teachings of the Buddha.
(Buddhavasa) the History of
the Buddhas; name of the fourteenth
division of the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Buddhasaka*) the Buddhist
Era (B.E.).

(Buddhammaka) a
Buddhist; adherent of Buddhism.
(Buddhnussati) recollection
of the Buddha; reflection on the
virtue of the Buddha.
(Buddhvsa*) residence of
the Buddha; the sanctuary or public
precincts of a monastery.
(Buddhicarita) the intellectual;
the wise; one whose behaviour or
character is wisdom; an intelligent-
natured person.
(Bojjhaga) (the seven) Consti-
tuents (or Factors) of Enlightenment;
enlightenment factors.
( ) (Bodhirukkha) the Bo
tree; the Bodhi Tree; pipal tree; the
Ficus Religiosia.
(Bodhia) Enlightenment;
supreme knowledge.
(Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma)
(the thirty-seven) qualities contri-
buting to enlightenment; virtues
partaking of enlightenment.
, (Bodhisatta) the
Bodhisatta; Bodhisattva; a Buddha-
to-be; Enlig-htenment being;
candidate for Buddhahood; one who
has resolved to attain enlightenment
for the helping of his fellow beings.
(Vykaraa) answer; explana-
tion; declaration; exposition; predic-
tion.
(Bydhi) disease; sickness;
ailment.
(Bypda) ill-will; hatred;
malevolence; aversion.
, (Vyma) effort;
exertion; striving; endeavour.
(Brahma) 1. (in Hinduism)
Brahma; the Creator; the Universal
Self. 2. (in Buddhism) a divine being
of the Form Sphere or of the
Formless Sphere; brahma god; happy
and blameless celestial being;
inhabitant of the higher heavens.
(Brahmacariya) the Holy
Life; sublime life; religious life;
celibate life; chaste life; strict
chastity; Brahma-faring.
(Brahmacr) one who leads a
holy or chaste life; celibate; Brahma-
farer.
(Brahmadaa) lit. sublime
punishment; punishment by suspend-
ing or breaking off conversation and
communication; sanctioned punish-
ment by silent treatment.
35

(Brahmaloka) the Brahma
world; the Fine-Material and Imma-
terial Worlds.
(Brahmavihra) (the four)
Divine States (of mind); the four
noble sentiments; the Highest
Conduct; the sublime states of mind.
(Brhmaa) a Brahmin; man
of the Brahmin caste; a priest.
(Abhivdanacela*) cloth for
placing the forehead on when bowing
down; prostrating cloth.
(Garuhniyabhikkhu*) the title
of a monastic dignitary lower than
Chao Khun; Phra Khru; Venerable
Teacher.
(Bhagav) the Blessed
One; the Exalted One.
(Dhamma) Dhamma; Dharma;
the Doctrine; the Teachings; the Law;
the Norm.
(Satthu) the Master; the
Teacher; the Great Master; the
Buddha.
(Buddha) the Buddha; Lord
Buddha; the Enlightened One; the
Awakened One.
(Buddhapaim) a Buddha
image.

(Patihnabuddhapaim*) a Buddha
image of a larger size fit to be placed
more or less permanently for
worship; Buddha image (to be) set
(on an altar) for worship; altar
Buddha-image.

(Padhnabuddhapaim*) the
principal Buddha image (in the
Uposatha hall); main Buddha image.
(Shaseyykappakabuddha-
paim*, Saynapaim*) Reclining
Buddha.
(Buddhapda) the Buddhas
footprint.
(Buddharpa) the figure of the
Buddha; a Buddha image.
(Buddhassana)
Buddhism; the teaching of the
Buddha.
(Sagha) 1. Sagha; the Order;
the monastic order. 2. (K.) a monk.
(Thpa) (round-topped)
tower-like stupa with a pronged
crown-piece; Phra Prang.

(Khuddakabuddhapaibimba*) a
small Buddha image (often used as
an amulet or talisman); amuletic
Buddha image.

(Bhaga) dissolution; cessation;

36

dissolving or waning moment.
(Bhagrika) a store-
keeper or treasurer.
(Bhakamma) close
shaving; act of shaving close.
(Bhatta) food; meal; boiled rice.
(Bhattakicca) taking a meal.
(Bhattuddesaka) one in
charge of the distribution of food; an
elder who supervises the distribution
of food; superintendent of meals;
issuer of meals.
(Bhava) becoming; existence; pro-
cess of becoming; state of existence.
(Bhaya) fear; fright; danger.
(Bhaygati) wrong way of
behaviour consisting in fear;
prejudice caused by fear.
(Bhavaga) life-continuum; the
subliminal consciousness; constituent
of becoming; the passive state of
mind.
(Bhavatah) craving for exist-
ence; craving for rebirth; craving for
sensual pleasures connected with the
view of eternalism.
(Bhva) fixed nature; condition;
state of being.
(Bhvan) development; mental
culture; meditation.
(Bhvanpadhna) the effort
to develop unrisen good; the effort to
develop wholesome states.
(Bhvanmaya) (merit)
gained through, or connected with,
meditation; merit accomplished by
mental culture; mental culture as a
way of making merit.
(Bhvanmayapa)
wisdom resulting from mental
development; understanding through
practice.
(Bhvetabbadhamma) that
which is to be developed, i.e. the
Noble Eightfold Path.
(Bhsita) a saying.
(Bhikkh) alms; begged food.
(Bhikkhcra) going about for
alms; begging for alms.
(Bhikkhu) a Bhikkhu; Bhikshu;
Buddhist monk.
(Bhikkhun) a Bhikkhuni;
Bhikshuni; Buddhist nun.
(Bhta) 1. the elements of which
the body is composed.
2. a living being; born creature. 3. a
ghost. 4. an Arahant.
(Bhmi) 1. ground; plane; stage;
level. 2. plane of existence; plane of
consciousness.
(Bhesajja) medicine; drug.
(Bhoga) wealth; riches;
possession; enjoyment.
(Bhojana) food; meal.
(Bhattagga) refectory.
(Bhojanya) fit to be eaten;
soft food.
(Bhojanemattaut)
moderation in eating.
37

(Makkha) depreciation of
anothers worth; detraction.
(Magga) the Path; the Way; the
Noble Path; the Noble Eightfold
Path; the Path leading to the
Cessation of Suffering.
(Magganyaka*) lay leader of
a congregation (or, of a Wat lay
community).
(Magala) festivity; good omen;
auspice; auspicious ceremony; (the
thirty-eight) blessings. adj. auspicious.
(Maccu) death.
(Maccurja) the king of death;
the Death.
(Macchariya) meanness; avari-
ciousness; stinginess; possessiveness.
(Majja) an intoxicant.
(Majjhima) middler; a monk
who has been ordained between 5
and just under 10 years.
(Majjhimanikya)
Collection of Middle-length
Discourses; Further Dialogues of
the Buddha; name of the second of
the five main divisions of the Sutta
Piaka.

(Majjhimayma) the middle
watch (from 10:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m.).
(Majjhim paipad) the
Middle Path; the Middle Way; the via
media; the golden mean.
(Maapa) a pavilion;
temporary shed; square spired
pavilion.
(Mattaut) moderation; tem-
perance; sense of proportion.
(Mada) intoxication; pride; sexual
excess.
(Maddava) gentleness; softness.
(Majjhimadesa) the middle
country including the Ganges basin.
, (Mana) mind; thinking
func-tion; thinking faculty.
(Manasikra) attention;
pondering; attentiveness; advertence;
mental application; reflection.
(Manussa) a human being.
(Manussadhamma) humanity;
virtue of man; the Five Precepts.
(Manussaloka) the human
world; the human realm; the world of
humans.
(Manokamma) mental action;
action done by mind.
(Manoduccarita) evil mental
action; evil of mind or thoughts;
misconduct by mind; mental
misconduct.
(Manodvra) the mind-door;
mind-avenue.
(Manodhtu) the mind-
element; element of apprehension;
the ideational faculty.
(Manomayiddhi) the magic
38

power of the mind; mind-made
magical power.
(Manovia) mind-
conscious-ness; the mind cognition.
(Manoviadhtu)
mind-consciousness element.

(Manosucarita) good mental
action; good conduct in thought.
(Manta) a charm; spell;
incantation; sacred or magical
formula or invocation; verbal
formulas used as incantations in the
magic of sound.
(Saghamanti-gaa, ~-
samajj*) Council of Sagha
Ministers; Eccl. Cabinet.
(Mamakra) lit. the making of
the utterance my; selfish
attachment; the notion of my; my-
making.
(Maraa) death.
(Maraabhva*) death (of a
monk or novice).
(Maraasati) mindfulness of
death; meditation on death.
(Mala) dirt; impurity; stain;
refuse; dust.
(Mah*) the title of a
(Mahjtaka) the Great Birth
Story; story of the Buddha when he
was born as Prince Vessantara.

(Mahtherasamgama*)
Mahathera Council; Council of
Elders; the Sagha Supreme Council.
(Mahnikya*) the
Mahnikya Sect; Great Sect;
Greater Sub-Order (of the Khmer
Monkhood); greater denomination.
-
(Mahpurisa) Great Man.
(Mahpurisalakkhaa)
(the thirty-two) marks of the Great
Man.
(Mahbhinikkhamana)
the Great Renunciation; the going
forth of the Bodhisatta into the
homeless life.
(Mahbhtarpa) (the four)
primary elements; great essentials;
material qualities of matter.
(Mahyna) the Great
Vehicle; the school of the Great
Vehicle (of salvation); the Northern
School of Buddhism.
(Mghapj) Worship on the
Full-Moon Day of the third lunar
month in commemoration of the
Great Assembly of Disciples.
(Mtpituupahna) the
support of mother and father;
ministering to parents; looking after
parents.
(Mtik) 1. matrix; schedule;
list; heading. 2. (K.) funeral chanting
(of Abhidhamma matrices or
schedules).
(Mtugma) a woman;
women-folk; women (collectively).
(Mtughta) matricide.
39

(Mnatta) penance.
(Mna) conceit; pride; inordinate
feeling; lust for power.
(My) illusion; deceit; trick; the
display of an illusion.
(Mra) the Evil One; Death; the
Tempter.
(Micchdihi) wrong view;
false view.
(Mittapairpaka) a false
friend; one pretending to be a friend.
(Middha) torpor; drowsiness;
languor.
(Mukhapha) word of mouth;
verbal recital; oral tradition.
(Mudit) sympathetic joy;
altruistic joy.
, (Muditkamma*)
congratulation.
(Musvda) false speech;
lying.
(Mla-kammahna) basic
meditation subject (comprising the
five exposed parts of the body, viz.,
head hair, body hair, nails, teeth and
skin).
(Paatti, Mlapaatti) root-
regulation; main rule; principal or
primary rule.
(Gadhipati*) 1. chief monk of
an administrative division; eccl. chief
officer; eccl. governor. The term
Ecclesiastical, or its abbreviation Eccl.
can be prefixed to the title of a
government administrative officer at
different levels to designate its
equivalent in the Ecclesiastical
Order, e.g. Eccl. District Officer, for
2. chief monk of a
monastery- section.
(Nagarasaghapmokkha*)
the Ecclesiastical Provincial
Governor.
(Mahsaghamaalapmok-
kha*) the Chief Superintendent of the
(Central, North, South, East, or
Dhammayuttika) Ecclesiastries;
Chief of the ... Eccl. Jurisdiction;
Eccl. Governor General.

(Casaghamaalapmok-kha*)
the Ecclesiastical Regional Governor.
(Mett) loving-kindness; friendli-
ness; goodwill.
(Methunadhamma) sexual
intercourse; coupling; coitus.
,
(Mokkha) salvation; release;
deliverance; liberation; the state of
disentanglement; release; freedom.
(Mokkhadhamma) salvation;
deliverance; freedom.
(Moha) delusion; ignorance;
dullness.
(Mohacarita) the
unintelligent; the ignorant; one whose
habit is infatuation; a man of foolish
habits; the stupid- or dullnatured; one
of deluded temperament.
(Mohgati) wrong way of
behaviour consisting in delusion;
40

prejudice caused by delusion or
stupidity.
(Masavirati*) abstinence
from meat; vegetarianism.
. (Nimantaka, Dnapati)
the host; sponsor; chief donor.

(Yakkha) 1. a demon. 2. an
attendant of Kuvera or Vessavaa. 3.
a messenger of Yama. 4. a fallen
angel; deity. 5. Sakka. 6. any of the
Four Great Kings. 7. the individual
soul.
(Yaa) 1. (in Hinduism)
sacrifice; offerings. 2. (in Buddhism)
alms-giving; charity.

(Yathbhtaadassana) absolute
knowledge; the knowledge and vision
according to reality; knowing and
seeing things as they are.
(Yamaka) The Book of Pairs;
name of the sixth book of the
Abhidhamma Piaka.
(Yamakapihriya) the
Twin Wonder; the Twin Miracle; the
miracle of the double appearances,
consisting in the appearance of
phenomena of opposite character in
pairs, as streaming forth of fire and
water at the same time.
(Yama) the Lord of the Under-
world; ruler of the kingdom of the
dead; death.
(Yasa) glory; fame; repute;
success; honour; high position.
(Ym) the realm of the Yma
gods; name of the third heavenly
abode, of which Suyma is the king.
(Yebhuyyasik) decision
according to the majority.
(Yoga) 1. effort; endeavour;
application; undertaking. 2. bond; tie;
attachment.
(Yogvacara) one who
practises spiritual exercise; meditator.
(Yog) one who devotes himself
to spiritual things; an earnest student;
one devoted to mental training;
meditator.
(Yojana) a measure of length; a
distance of about 10 miles, or 16
kilometres.
(Yoni) 1. origin; way of birth;
place of birth; realm of existence;
source; (the four) Modes of Births. 2.
thoroughness; knowledge; insight.
(Yonisomanasikra)
proper attention; systematic attention;
having thorough method in ones
thought; proper consideration; wise
consideration; thorough attention;
critical reflection; genetical reflec-
tion; analytical reflection.
41

(Pallakappama) lap-
front measure; the method of
measuring the size of a crosslegged
sitting Buddha image.
(Ratanattaya) the Triple Gem;
the Triple Jewel; the Three Jewels.
(Ratta) an elder of long
standing.
[ ] (Maha, Samanta-
paghaa) cloister.
(Maha; Samantapaghaa)
cloister.
(Rasa) 1. taste; sapid object;
flavour. 2. function.
(Rga) lust; passion; excitement;
greed; attachment.
(Rgacarita) the lustful; one
whose habit is passion; one of
passionate behaviour; the lustful-
natured; one of lustful temperament.
(Rjabali) offering to the king
or the government, as by paying
taxes.
(Rjavidhi*, Rjapjvidhi*) a
royal ceremony.
(Rjgaayati,
Casagharj*) (a dignitary
belonging to) the Royal Chapter (of
monks); Chao Khun.
(Bhummadevahna*)
(guardian-) spirit house.
, (uddhacca)
restlessness; distraction; flurry.
(Rpa) 1. matter; form; material;
body; shape; corporeality. 2. object of
the eye; visible object.
(Rpajhna) Jhnas
(Absorptions) of the Fine-Material
Sphere.
(Rparga) desire for life in the
world of form; craving for form;
attachment to realms of form; greed
for fine-material existence.
(Rpaloka) the world of form;
the Form Sphere.
(Rprammaa) visible object.
(Rpvacarabhmi) the Plane
of Form; the Form Plane; Fine-
Material Sphere.
, (Samantaycan*)
request for donation; collection of
voluntary contributions.
(Gaighara) belfry; bell
tower.
(Uposathagga,
Uposathgra) the uposatha hall; a
chapter house; a hall or building in a
monastery in which ecclesiastical
acts or ceremo-nies are performed;
consecrated assembly hall; (mis.)
church; temple.
42

(Lakkhaa) a characteristic;
sign; mark; distinguishing mark;
prog-nosticative mark; quality.
(Laddhi) a theory; view; doctrine.
(Puaplvana*) leaf-vessel
floating; the Loy Krathong Festival.
(Sikkha paccakkhti) to
give up the Training; leave
monkhood.
( ) (Abbhajati) v. to
anoint; n. anointment.
(Lbha) gain; acquisition.
(Jannukhi nipatati) v. to sit on
ones heels; kneel.
(Lkhappamik) those
who measure or judge by shabbiness;
those whose faith depends on
shabbiness or miserable life.
(Loka) the world; a world; plane
of existence.
(Lokadhamma) (the eight)
worldly conditions; things of the
world; worldly vicissitudes.
(Lokadhtu) a unit of the
Universe; world; sphere; another
term for Cakkavla.
(Lokdhipateyya)
dependence on public opinion;
following the influence of the world;
supremacy of the world; dominant
influence by (the censure of) the
world.

(Bhikkhu, Pabbajita) 1. title
used when speaking of a Buddhist
monk; venerable. 2. a Bhikkhu;
Buddhist monk; monk; (in other
religions) a priest; minister;
clergyman; etc.
(Lokavajja) worldly fault;
breach of the ordinary moral law;
action reprehended in the world; that
which is blamable by the world.

(Lokiya) adj. mundane;
worldly; belonging to the world.
(Lokuttara) adj. supramundane;
transcendental; beyond these worlds.
(Lokuttaradhamma) (the
nine) supramundane states: the Four
Paths, the Four Fruits and Nibbna.
(Lokuttarabhmi) the Supra-
mundane Plane (of consciousness).
(Lobha) greed; covetousness;
acquisitiveness.
(Lohituppda) wounding of
a Buddha; causing a Buddha to suffer
a contusion or to bleed.
( ) (Paccuddharaa) to
give up the use (of an old robe);
remove; revoke.
43

(Vagga) a group; party; chapter

of a book.
(Vackamma) verbal action;
deed by word; action performed by
speech.
(Vacduccarita) misbehaviour
in words; misconduct by speech;
verbal misconduct.
(Vacdvra) speech as a door of
action; speech-door.
(Vacviatti) verbal
intimation; verbal expression.
(Vacsakhra) verbal
formation, i.e. Vitakka and Vicra;
verbal volition.
(Vacsucarita) good action in
speech; good conduct in word.
(Vaccaku)
(Vaa) the round of rebirth; the
round of existences; the cycle of
rebirth.
(Vaa) 1. colour of the skin;
appearance; complexion; beauty. 2.
caste. 3. fame; repute.
(Vatta) duty; service; function;
monastic daily routine or service;
custom; observance.
(Vihra, rma) Wat; a monastery;
templemonastery; (mis.) temple.
( )
(Suavihra*) deserted monastery;
uninhabited monastery.
(Vata) ascetic practice;
religious observance.
(Rjavaravihra*, Rjvsa*)
royal monastery.
(Gmikavihra*) private
monastery; community monastery.
(Kyabandhana) a girdle;
waistband.
(Vatthukma) objective
sensuality; lovely sense-objects;
sensual pleasures.
(Magalavatthu*) amulet;
talis-man; fetish; lucky piece; charm;
good-luck charm.
, (Parittavatthu,
Indajlikavatthu*) something said to
have magic power; magic object;
amulet; talisman; charm; fetish.
(Indajlikavatthu*) an
amulet; talisman.
(Vaya) 1. (the three) ages; periods
of life. 2. decay; loss.
(Vassa) a year; rainy season; the
rains; rains-retreat; rains-residence;
the Buddhist Lent.

(Vc) speech; word; saying.
(Vda) theory; saying; doctrine;
creed.
(Vyma) effort; endeavour;
exertion; striving.
(Vyodhtu) lit. the air-
element; motion; the element of
motion; vibration.
44

(Vikappa) to share ownership (of
an extra bowl or robe) with another
monk.
(Vikla) improper time; wrong
time; unseemly hours; afternoon and
night.
(Vikkhambhanavimutti)
deliver-ance by suppression.
(Vicaya) investigation; (K.)
research.
(Vicra) sustained application;
discursive thinking; deliberation.
(Vicikicch) doubt; perplexity;
scepsis; scepticism; indecision;
uncertainty.
(Vijj) knowledge; transcendental
wisdom; the Threefold Knowledge.
(Viatti) 1. intimation;
expression. 2. begging; (unlawful)
request (for food and other
requisites); hinting.
(Via) consciousness; act of
consciousness; (T., mis.) soul; spirit.
(Viacyatana) the
Realm of Infinity of Consciousness;
the Realm of Boundless Conscious-
ness.
(Vi) a wise man.
(Vitakka) initial application;
thought conception; thought.
(Vitakkacarita) the discursive;
the ruminating-natured; one of
speculative temperament.
(Vinaya) 1. discipline; the
monastic regulations; the code of
monastic discipline; the rules of
discipline of the Order. 2. training;
guidance. 3. organization; system.
(Vinayadhara-gaa, ~-
samajj*) Eccl. judicature.
(Vinayadhara) one versed in
the Discipline; an expert in the
disciplinary code.
(Vinayapiaka) the Basket of
Discipline; the Discipline Basket; the
Book of Discipline.
(Vinipta) bad falling; place of
suffering; perdition; birth of demons.
(Vipatti) failure; falling away;
misfortune; downfall; disadvantage;
abortion; invalidity.
(Viparima) change;
transforma-tion; alteration.
(Vipallsa) derangement;
perver-sion; perversity.
(Vipassan) insight; intuitive
vision; introspection; comtempla-
tion; intuition; insight development.

(Vipassandhura) the
burden of comtemplation; obligation
of insight development; task of
meditation practice.
(Vipassan-bhvan)
insight development.
(Vipka) consequence; effect;
result; resultant; fruit.
(Vipkacitta) resultant
conscious-ness; kamma resultant.
(Vippaisra) remorse;
45

repentance.
(Vibhaga) the Book of
Divisions; the Book of Treatises;
name of the second book of the
Abhidhamma Piaka.
(Vibhavatah) craving for
selfannihilation; craving for (or
attachment to) sensual pleasures
connected with the view of nihilism;
craving for non-existence.
(Vimna) a celestial mansion;
fairy-palace.
(Vimnavatthu) Stories of
Celestial Mansions; Stories of the
Mansions; name of the ninth
division of the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Vimutti) deliverance;
emancipation; release; salvation;
liberation; freedom.
(Vimuttisukha) Bliss of Eman-
cipation; bliss of freedom.
(Vimokkha)
(Vmas) investigation;
reason-ing; reflection; examination;
testing.
(Virati) abstinence; (the three)
abstinences.
(Virga) detachment;
dispassionate-ness; absence of lust;
destruction of passions.
(Viriyrambha) application of
exertion; stirred-up energy; energetic
effort.
(Vivaa) freedom from rebirth;
absence of the cycle of existence;
Nibbna.
(Vivddhikaraa) legal
questions concerning disputes;
contention (concerning the Doctrine
and the Discipline).
(Viveka) seclusion; solitude;
detachment.

(Visajjan) answer;
explanation; exposition; elucidation.
(Visaya) 1. range; reach; scope;
sphere; realm; power; capacity. 2.
sense-object.
(Viskhapj) Worship on the
Full-Moon Day of the sixth lunar
month in commemoration of the
Buddhas Birth, Enlightenment and
Passing; the Buddhist New Year; the
Festival of the May Full Moon;
widely known as Wesak or Vesak, but
preferably,Vesakh or Wesakh.
(Visuddhi) purity; purification;
stage of purity.
(Visugmasm) a land
grant (set apart for the Sagha of a
monastery); consecrated boundaries;
consecrated area; concession; a tract
of land (now, usually a small
rectangular plot of ground) officially
granted to the Sagha for establish-
ing the boundaries of the jurisdiction
of a community of monks (now, for
consecrating as the site of the
Uposatha hall of a monastery).
(Vihra) 1. a dwelling-place (for
monks); retreat; monastery; abode. 2.
a state of mind; mode of life. 3. (K.) a
temple; repository of Buddha images;
46

Buddha-image hall; shrinehall.
(Vihisvitakka) cruel
thought; thought of cruelty; thought
of violence.
(Vthicitta) thought process;
process of cognition; a single unit of
cognition; different serial processes
of cognition; conscious mind.
(Viriya; Vriya) effort; energy;
vigour; endeavour; exertion;
perseverance.
(Vedan) feeling; sensation.
(Vedannupassan) the
contemplation of feelings; the
contemplation of sensations; mind-
fulness as regards feelings.
(Veneyya) one who is
accessible to instruction; one who is
ready to receive the Teaching (of the
Buddha); a tractable person; trainable
person; teachable person.
(Veyyvacca) service; helpful
activity; attention; duty.
(Veyyvaccakara) a servant;
attendant; monks agent; one who
renders a service; lay bursar (of a
monastery).
(Veyyvaccamaya) (merit)
to be gained through, or connected
with, rendering ones services.
(Vera) enmity; hostile action;
hatred; revenge.
(Vesrajja) intrepidity; perfect
selfconfidence.
(Vessa) a member of the third
caste; merchant and agriculturalist;
tradesfolk.

(Sakadgmiphala) the
Fruit of Once-Returning.
(Sakadgmimagga) the
Path of Once-Returning.
, (Sakadgm) the
Once-Returner; one who has attained
the second stage of the Path and will
be reborn on the earth only once
before attaining the final
emancipation.
(Sakalamahsa
gha pariyaka) top leader of the
entire Great Sangha; head of the
national Sangha; the secondary title
attached to the title of
(Sagharja), i.e. the Supreme
Patriarch, or chief of the Buddhist
Order of Thailand.
(Sakavd) the affirmative;
proposer.
(Sakkyadihi) self-illusion;
the delusion of self; belief in a
personal self; theory of soul; egoistic
view.
(Sakkra) honour; worship;
hospitality.

47

(Mahsakanti) (K.) the festival
celebrated on the day of the passage
of the Sun to Aries, the first sign of
the Zodiac; Songkran Festival; water-
throwing festival; the traditional
Khmer New Year.
(Sakhatadhamma) things
condi-tioned by causes; things
produced by combination of causes;
conditioned or compounded things.
(Sakhra) 1. compounded
things; component things;
conditioned things; the world of
phenomena; all things which have
been made up by pre-existing causes,
(as in Sabbe Sakhr anicc). 2.
volitional activities; formation;
kamma forma-tions; mental
formations; mental predispositions;
volitional impulses; impulses and
emotions; volition; all the mental
factors except feeling and perception
having volition as the constant factor,
(as in the Five Aggregates and in the
Law of Causation). 3. essential
conditions; the sum of the conditions
or essential properties for a given
process or result; constructing or
formative factors, (as in
yusakhra, Kyasa khra). 4.
conducive factors; instiga-tion (as in
Sasakhrika, Asakhrika).

(Sagahavatthu) objects of
sym-pathy; objects of favour;
principles of kindly treatment;
principles of service and social
integration.
, (Sagti) rehearsal; a
Council; general convocation of the
Sangha in order to settle questions of
doctrine and to fix the text of the
Scriptures.
(Sagtikath*) preaching or
chanting on the account of the First
Council of Buddhism.
(Sagaha) 1. to treat kindly;
give help; favour; aid. 2. to compile;
collect; comprise; include; group.
(Sagha) community;
assemblage; a chapter of (not less
than four) Buddhist monks; the
Sangha; the Order; the Buddhist
clergy; the Buddhist church; Holy
Brotherhood.
(Saghakamma) an act or
ceremony performed by a chapter of
Buddhist monks assembled in solemn
conclave; a formal act.
(Saghagua) (the nine)
virtues of the Sagha.
(Suddhipaa*)
identity card; identification papers.
(Saghadna) offering to the
Order; gift to the Sangha; offering
dedicated to the Sangha; gift
dedicated to the Community as a
whole.
(Saghanyaka*) Eccl.
Prime Minister.
(Saghabheda) schism;
causing dissension among the Order;
the creation of a schism in the
Sagha.
48

(Saghamaala) the Order;
the Monastic Order; the Sangha; the
monkhood.
Eccl. Minister.
, (Sagharja) (His
Holi-ness) the Supreme Patriarch.
(Saghasabh) Eccl.
Assembly.
(Saghi) the outer robe of a
Buddhist monk.
(Saghdisesa) an offence
entailing initial and subsequent
meetings of the Sagha; Formal
Meeting.
(Saghdhikra*) an
ecclesia-stical official; eccl.
administrative officer.
(Saghnussati) recollection
of the Order; reflection on the virtue
of the Sagha.
(Saghvsa*) the monastic
precincts; living quarters of the
monks.
(Sacca) truth; truthfulness.
(Sacca) the truth; Truth.
(Sacchiktabbadhamma)
that which is to be realized, i.e. the
Cessation of Suffering or Nibbna.
(Saama, Sayama) restraint;
self-control; abstinence.
(Sa) perception; idea;
ideation.
(Adhikrapaa*) certificate of
appointment; credentials; eccl.
warrant.
(Sapaa*) commission;
royal certificate of appointment.

(Sati) mindfulness; attentiveness;
detached watching; awareness.
(Satipahna) (the four)
Foundations of Mindfulness; setting
up of mindfulness.
(Sativinaya) verdict of inno-
cence; procedure for the acquittal of
an Arahant who has fully-developed
mindfulness.
(Satekicch) adj. curable;
amendable; remediable. n. monastic
offences which can be corrected
through some kinds of punishment,
i.e. all offences except the four grave
ones called Prjika.
(Sattvsa) (the nine) spheres
inhabited by beings; abodes of
beings.
(Satthakaraya)
business to be attended to within
seven days; grounds or occasions on
which monks are permitted to leave
the rains-residence for the limited
time of seven days.
(Satta) a being; living being;
creature; person.
(Thpa) a relic mound; reliquary
mound; tope; cairn; monument
erected over the ashes of a holy
person; stupa.
(Sadrasantosa)
contentment with ones own wife.
(Saddrammaa) audible
49

object; sound.
(Saddhamma) the true Dhamma;
true doctrine; doctrine of the good;
good law; good principle.
(Saddhammapairpaka)
false doctrine; pseudo-Dhamma.
(Saddh) faith; confidence.
(Saddhcarita) the devout; the
faithful-natured; one of faithful
temperament.
(Saddhdeyya) a gift of faith;
a gift offered through faith.
(Saddhsampad)
achievement of faith.
(Saddhivihrika) a co-
resident; pupil.
(Santati) continuity (especially of
consciousness); a series of moments.
(Santna) 1. continuity of subli-
minal consciousness; the ever mov-
ing, flowing panorama of successive
mental states. 2. intrinsic or inherent
qualities of character; inborn trait;
innate character.
(Santi) peace; tranquillity;
calmness.

(Santuhi, Santosa)
contentment; satisfaction with
whatever is ones own.

(Suvaapatta) (K.) gold
leaf.
(Sappya) 1. adj. beneficial;
wholesome; suitable; favourable. 2.
favourable condition.
(Sappi)
(Sappurisa) a good, worthy
man; righteous man; gentleman.

(Sappurisadhamma) virtue
of the righteous; (the seven) qualities
of a good man.
(Sabrahmacr) a fellow
monk; fellow in the holy life; co-
celibate.
(Sabbautaa)
omniscience.
(Sabba) the Omniscient One;
an epithet of the Buddha.
(Sabhva) nature; condition;
state; reality.
(Sabhvadhamma) principle
of nature; natural condition; natural
phenomenon.
(Samajvit) balanced
livelihood; regular life; living
economically; living within ones
means.
(Samaa) a recluse; a Buddhist
monk.
(Samauddesa) a novice.
(Samaadhamma) duties of a
monk; monastic observances.
(Samaa-brhmaa)
recluses and brahmins; ascetics and
priests; the recluses and mendicants
of non-Vedic or non-Brahmanical
systems (such as Buddhism and
Jainism) and the brahmins of the
50

priestly caste of the Vedic religion.
(Samaasatti*) eccl.
honorific rank; title.
(Samaasa) awareness
of ones monkhood; consciousness of
proper behaviour of a monk; a
monks sense of duty.
(Samaasruppa) a monks
proper behaviour; the mien and
deportment appropriate to a monk.
(Samatha) calm; tranquillity;
quietude of heart.

(Samathabhvan)
concentration development; the
method and practice of concentrating
the mind; tranquillity development.
(Samdna) undertaking;
observ-ance; acceptance. v. to
undertake; take upon oneself.
(Samdhi) concentration; one-
pointedness of mind; mental
discipline.
(Samnattat) impartiality;
sociability; state of equality; even
and equal treatment; equality and
participation.
(Sampatti) attainment;
meditat-ive attainments.
(Samucchedavimutti)
deliver-ance by extirpation.
(Samuhna) origination;
cause.
(Samudaya) the Cause of
Suffering; the Origin of Suffering.
(Upasagharja*) Somdech; any
of the highest dignitaries in the
hierarchy of the Khmer Sagha,
second only to the Supreme
Patriarch.
(pattidesan) the
confession of an offence. v. to confess
an offence.
(Sampajaa) clear
comprehen-sion; discrimination;
circumspection; clear consciousness;
awareness.
(Sampatti) success; attainment;
achievement; accomplishment;
advantage; fulfilment; happiness;
bliss; fortune; wealth; prosperity;
perfection; soundness; validity.
(Sampad) achievement; fulfil-
ment; accomplishment; attainment;
success; happiness.
(Samparya) a future life; the
beyond; the hereafter; spirituality.
(Samparyikattha) gain for
the hereafter; future benefit; spiritual
welfare; sources of happiness in the
future life.
(Samparya) a future
existence; next life; future life.
(Samphappalpa) frivolous
talk; idle talk; vain talk.

(Sambuddha) one who has been
well enlightened or has thoroughly
understood; a Buddha; the Buddha.

(Sambhaves) lit. seeking birth
51

or existence. 1. a living being at the
first stage of life or during the birth-
process; a being yet to be born. 2. a
being subject to rebirth; worldling. 3.
(K.) a spirit seeking (or awaiting)
rebirth.
(Sammati; Sammuti) convention;
agreement; consent; authorization;
appointment; election.
(Sammatisagha;
Sammutisagha) Sagha by
convention; conventional Sagha;
community of ordained monks.
(Sammatisacca;
Sammutisacca) conventional truth.
(Smsammati) v. to establish
the boundary of the Sangha
communion area. n. consecration of
the Assembly Hall boundary.
(Sammappadhna) (the Four)
Great Efforts; Supreme Efforts; Right
Efforts.
(Sammkammanta) Right
Action; Right Conduct; Right
Behaviour.
(Sammdihi) Right View;
Right Understanding.
(Sammvc) Right Speech.
(Sammvyma) Right
Effort; Right Endeavour; Right
Exertion.
(Sammsakappa) Right
Thought; Right Mental Attitude;
Right Motives; Right Aspiration.
(Sammsati) Right
Mindfulness; Right Attentiveness.
(Sammsamdhi) Right
Concentration.
(Sammsambuddha) the
Fully (or Perfectly) Enlightened One.
(Sammjva) Right
Livelihood; Right Living; Right
Means of Livelihood; Right Pursuits.
(Sammukhvinaya) verdict
in the presence of (a Sangha, the
persons and the matter concerned,
and the Doctrine and Discipline).
(Pputi; Sacchikaroti;
Abhisa-meti) to attain; realize; reach;
achieve; experience for oneself.
(Sayambh) the Self-Existent;
an epithet of the Buddha.
(Saraa) refuge; help;
protection; guide; remembrance.
(Saraagamana, ~gamana)
taking refuge (in the Triple Gem);
going for refuge.
(Sarabhaa) intoning; a
particular mode of recitation
(allowable to monks).
, (Pasas) praise;
commen-dation.
(Sarra) the (physical) body.
(Salkabhatta) food to be
distributed by tickets; ticket-food.
(Sassatadihi) eternalism; the
doctrine of the continuance of the
soul after death; the doctrine that soul
and the world are eternal.
(Sahadhammika) co-
religionists; fellow Dhamma-farer.
52

(Sayatana) the six senses;
sense-bases; sense-organs; sense-
spheres.
(Saupdisesa-nibbna)
Nibbna realized with the body
remaining; Nibbna with the
substratum of life remaining.
(Skacch) conversation;
discussion.
(Sjva) the code of discipline;
all the disciplinary rules abiding on
the life of the monk.
, (Sheyya)
hypocrisy; craft; treachery.
(Smagg) concord; unity;
harmony; unanimity; union.
(Smaalakkhaa) the
Common Characteristics (of compo-
nent things), viz., impermanence,
state of conflict and not-self.
(Smaera) a novice; one who
is ordained by taking the Three
Refuges and observes the Ten
Precepts.
(Smaer) a female novice;
female apprentice of a nun.
(Smcikamma) proper act of
respect; opportune gestures of
respect.
(Sakharoti; Abhisakharoti) to
think under the influence of some
passion or motive; proliferate.
(Srambha) contention; vying;
presumption.
(Sryadhamma) states
of conciliation; virtues for fraternal
living.

(Sl) hall; pavilion; wayside
shelter; study and merit-making hall;
public building; preaching hall;
multipurpose hall.
(Sajjhyanasl*) chanting
hall; hall for daily meeting and
chanting.
(Svaka) a disciple; hearer;
follower.
(Ssanasampatti*) ecclesia-
stical property; temporalities.

(Ssana) teaching; message;

doctrine; the Dispensation.

(Samaya, Dihi, Psaa) a

religion.
(Ssancariya) a religious
teacher; moral instructor; mission-
ary.
(Ssanika) an adherent;
follower.
(Satthu) a teacher; master; (the
Six) Teachers; (K.) the founder of a
religion.
, (Satthu) the Master;
the Great Master; the Teacher.
(Angatavattu*) a
prophet.
(Sikkhamn) a female novice
undergoing a probationary course of
two years (before receiving the
higher ordination).
(Sikkh) learning; study; training;
discipline.
53

(Sikkhpada) a disciplinary
rule; rule of morality; precept;
training rule.
(rmika, Kappiyakraka,
Bhikkhu-sissa) monastery boy;
monastery pupil; temple boy; a
monks pupil.
(Sm) a boundary; limit;
precinct; consecrated area
(established by sanctioned
boundaries).
(Sla; Sikkhpada) 1. morality;
moral conduct. 2. a precept; rule of
morality; training rule.
(Sla) morality; moral practice;
moral conduct; code of morality;
Buddhist ethics; a precept; rule of
morality.
(Sla; Sucarita; cra)
morality; morals.
(Slabbataparmsa)
adher-ence to mere rules and rituals;
clinging to rules and vows;
overestimation regarding the efficacy
of rules and observances.
(Slabbatupdna) clinging
to mere rules and rituals; adherence
to rites and ceremonies; attachment
to the belief in the efficacy of
religious ceremonies and rituals.
(Slamaya) (merit) to be
gained through, or connected with,
morality.
(Slavisuddhi) purity of
morality; purification of morality.
(Slasampad) achievement
of virtue; fulfilment of moral
conduct.
(Slasmaat) equality
in moral conduct; unity in moral or
disciplinary practices.

(Slcravatta*) moral
conduct, manners and duties; moral
habits, mien and deportment; the way
of behaving and observing ones
duties.
(Silnussati) recollection of
morality; reflection on the advan-
tages of morality or on ones own
morals.
(Shaseyy) lying like a lion;
lying on the right side.
(Uppabbajati, Vibbhamati) v. to
leave the Order; leave monkhood;
disrobe.
(Seyya kappeti) v. (of a monk or
novice) to sleep.
(Sukkhavipassaka) a dry-
visioned Arahant; bare-insight
worker.
(Sukha) 1. happiness; ease; joy;
comfort; pleasure. 2. physical or
bodily happiness or ease.
(Sugata) the Happy One; the
Well-Farer; the Buddha.
(Sugati) (the two or twenty-
seven) Happy States; blissful states
of existence; good bourn.
(Sucarita) right conduct; good
conduct; uprightness.
54

(Suta) that which is heard or
learnt; hearing; learning.
(Sutamayapa)
understand-ing acquired by learning;
wisdom resulting from study.
(Suttanipta) Collected
Discou-rses; Woven Cadences of
Early Buddhists; name of the fifth
division of the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Suttantapiaka) The Basket
of Discourses; The Basket of
Sermons; the second main division of
the Pali Canon containing discourses.

(Suddhvsa) (the Five) Pure
Abodes (in the Form Sphere) where
the Non-Returners are reborn.
(Subhsita) pleasant speech;
well-spoken words; a proverb.

(Surmerayamajjapa-mdahna)
(taking) intoxicants tending to cloud
the mind; intoxi-cants causing
carelessness.
(Suriyagati*) the system of a
solar calendar.
(Sutta; Suttanta) a discourse;
dialogue; aphorism.
, (Sutta; Suttapiaka) the
discourses; the original sermons and
dialogues of the Buddha.

, (Pimokkhuddesa)
recit-ation of the Fundamental
Precepts of the Buddhist monks. v. to
recite or chant the Fundamental
Precepts. .
, [ ] (ycan)
prayer. v. to pray; chant; say a prayer.
(Abhidhammabhaana*)
funeral chanting (of Abhidhamma
excerpts); requiem chanting.
, [ ]
(Sajjhya, Uddesa, Padabha,
~gyana, ~bhaana, Parittakaraa)
recitation; chanting (especially of
protective verses); rehearsal. v. to
recite (the Buddhas teachings);
chant; chant the holy stanzas.
(Sudda) a person of the lowest
caste; the workers; those who
contribute the necessary physical
labour; a Sudra; servant; menial;
workpeople.
(Sagga) a place of happiness;
heaven; heavenly abode.
, (Sekha; Sekkha) the
learner, i.e. one who is in the course
of perfection; one who has reached
one of the stages of holiness, except
the last, and has yet to undergo a
higher training.
(Sekhiyadhamma;
Sekhiyavatta) (the seventy-five) rules
for training; rules of good breeding;
the code of etiquette.

(Sensana) sleeping and
sitting; bed and seat; dwelling;
lodging.
(Seyy) bed; bedding; sleep;
rest; lying down; reclining.
55

(Soka) grief; sorrow.
(Sotadvra) the ear-door; ear-
avenue.
(Sotavia) ear-
conscious-ness.
(Sotpattiphala) the
Fruition of Stream-Entry; Fruit of
Stream-Entrance.
(Sotpattimagga) the Path
of Stream-Entrance; Path of Stream-
Attainment.
(Sotpanna) a Stream-
Enterer; Stream-Winner; one who has
attained the first stage of holiness.
(Somanassa) a pleasurable
mental feeling; mental pleasure; glad-
mindedness; joy; delight.
(Soracca) gentleness; meekness;
suavity; gentility; refinement;
mannerliness; graciousness.
(Sovacassat) state of
being easy to speak with;
amenability to correction; obedience;
admonish-ability.
(Soasa) sixteen.
(Saghanivsa*,
Saghaniketa*) monastic residence;
monks lodging.
(Udakasik) a bathing-
cloth.
(Vassikasik) cloth
for the rains; rains-cloth.
(Vandana, Namassana) v. to salute
with joined palms.
(Sayuttanikya)
Collection of Connected Discourses;
Book of the Kindred Sayings; name
of the third main division of the Sutta
Piaka.
(Sayojana) (the ten) Fetters
(that bind man to the round of
rebirth).
(Savara) 1. to be composed;
self-controlled; restrained; decorous;
sedate. 2. commingled; mixed (food).
(Savara) restraint.
(Savarapadhna) the effort
to prevent the arising of unrisen evils;
the effort to avoid unwholesome
states.
(Savsa) communion.
(Savega) sense of urgency.
(Savejanyahna) a
place apt to rouse the sense of
urgency; (the Four) Holy Places of
Buddhism.
(Sasra, Sasracakka) lit.
faring on; the Round of Rebirth; the
Round of Existence; the Wheel of
Rebirth; the Wheel of Life; the Life
Process; Rebirth process; the Process
of Birth and Death.

(Sasedaja) moisture-born
creatures.
(Paava) a small drum.
(Cakkavatti) 1. world-king; a
universal monarch, endowed with the
seven valuables or treasures. 2. (K.) an
emperor.
(Antaravsaka) inner garment;
56

the undergarment of a Buddhist
monk, nun or novice; the under robe.
(Nhyati) v. (of a monk or
novice) to bathe.
(Pattathavik) the bag with a
sling, used for carrying an alms-bowl
in; bowl-case; bowl-bag.
,
[ ].

(Hatthapsa) the distance

within a hands reach.
(Hadayavatthu) heart-base;
mind-base; the heart; the physical
base of mental life.
(Hasituppdacitta) smile-
producing consciousness.
(Hiri) moral shame.
(Hnayna) the Lesser
Vehicle; the Smaller Vehicle; the
Southern School of Buddhism;
Theravda.
(Hetu) a cause; causal condition;
root-cause.
(Gahasikhara) gable; pediment.
(Tipiaklaya*;
Potthakgra*; Ganthlaya*)
monastery library; Scripture Library;
library of sacred writings.
(Hasapda) crimson.

(Akata) ungrateful.
(Akarayakicca) deed which
should not be done; improper action;
unbefitting action.
(Aklamaraa) untimely
death.
, ~ (Akiriyadihi) lit. the
theory of nonaction; the theory that
there is no after-effect of action; view
of the inefficacy of action.
(Akusala) adj. unwholesome;
demeritorious; immoral; kammically
unwholesome; unskilful. n. demerit;
bad action.
(Akusalakamma) an evil
action; unwholesome action.
(Akusalakammapatha)
(the tenfold) way of bad action;
unwholesome course of action.
(Akusalacitta) demeritorious
thought; immoral consciousness.
(Akusalamla) (the three)
roots of evil; the roots of bad actions;
kammically unwholesome roots;
demeritorious roots.
(Akusalavitakka) unwhole-
some thought.
(Akkodha) non-anger; freedom
57

from hatred.
(Agati) wrong way of behaviour;
prejudice; bias.
(Agocara) wrong pasture;
wrong resort; non-resorts for alms;
improper haunts; evil haunts.
(Aggasvaka) the most
distinguished disciples; (the two)
Chief Disciples, i.e. Sriputta and
Mahmoggallna.
(Aga) factor; constituent.
(Agra) 1. charcoal; ashes. 2.
ash; the ashes, especially of the
Buddha.
(Parivisana) v. to serve with
food; wait upon at a meal.
(Aguttaranikya) the
collection of discourses arranged in
accordance with number; Adding-
One Collection; Collection of
Numerical Sayings; the Book of the
Gradual Sayings; name of the fourth
main division of the Sutta Piaka.
(Pallaka bhujati) to sit
(flat on the haunches) cross-legged.
(Asa) 1. a part; side. 2.
shoulder. 3. (K.) shoulder piece; chest
cloth; the sleeveless one-shouldered
singlet of a monk.
(Acinteyya) the (four)
unthink-ables.
(Acchariya) adj. wonderful;
marvellous; astonishing; exceptional;
extraordinary; (K.) genius.

(Ahakath) a commentary.
(Aaja) egg-born creatures;
the oviparous.
(Atithibali) offering to guests;
reception.
(Atimna) pride; arrogance;
contempt; disdain; scorn.
(Atirekacvara) an extra robe.
(Atirekacvara) extra robe.
(Atirekalbha) extra acqui-
sitions.
(Atekicch) adj. incurable;
unamendable; irremediable. n. the
four major offences, called Prjika,
which entail expulsion from the
Order.
(Attakilamathnuyoga)
Self-Mortification; the constant
attachment to Self-Mortification.
(Attaut) the quality of one
who knows oneself; knowing oneself.
(Attabhva) personality; indivi-
duality.
(Attavdupdna)
attachment to the self- (or soul-)
theory; the belief in a persistent self
or soul; clinging to the Ego-belief.
(Attasammpaidhi)
setting oneself in the right course;
aspiring and directing oneself in the
right way; perfect self-adjustment;
thorough pursuit or development of
ones personality.
(Att) 1. self; soul; ego; personal
entity. 2. mind; the whole personality.
(Attdhipateyya) self-
58

depen-dence; self-reliance;
supremacy of self; dominant
influence by oneself (or by self-
regard).
(Attha) 1. meaning; the spirit; the
correct sense; essence. 2. benefit;
advantage; gain; welfare; the good. 3.
goal; purpose.
(Atthacariy) benefaction;
useful conduct or behaviour; doing a
favour; life of service; doing good.
(Atthaut) the quality of one
who knows what is useful or who
knows the correct meaning of
something; knowledge of the
meaning; knowing the purpose;
knowing the consequence.
(Atthapaisambhid) know-
ledge of the meaning (of words); the
Discrimination of the Meaning;
analytic insight of consequence.
(Adinndna) taking what is
not given; stealing.
(Adukkhamasukha) neither
pain nor happiness; indifferent
feeling. adj. neither painful nor
pleasurable.
(Adosa) non-hatred; non-
anger; amity; hatelessness.
(Adhamma) misconduct; unright-
eousness; injustice; false doctrine. adj.
unjust; unrighteous.
(Adhikamsa) intercalary
month; (a year with) an extra eighth
lunar month.
(Adhikaraa) a case; question;
affair; lawsuit; dispute; disciplinary
case of dispute; legal process; legal
question.
(Adhikaraasamatha)
settling of a case, a question, a
dispute or a lawsuit; transaction;
settlement of legal processes.
(Adhikavra) intercalary lunar
day; (a year with) an extra day (15th
of the seventh waning moon).
(Adhikasuradina*) (K.)
intercalary solar day; (a year with) an
extra day (29 February).
(Adhicittasikkh) training in
higher mentality; mental discipline.
(Adhihna) resolve; decision;
resolution; determination. v. to
determine (a robe or a bowl) for
regular personal use.
(Adhipasikkh) training
in higher wisdom.
(Adhipateyya) 1. supremacy.
2. (K.) sovereignty.
(Adhimokkha) determination;
resolution; conviction.
(Adhislasikkh) training in
higher morality.
(Anattat) soullessness;
egoless-ness.
(Anatt) adj. no-soul; soulless;
not-self. n. non-self; non-ego.
(Anabhijjh) non-
covetousness; nonavarice.
(Angmiphala) the Fruit of
Never-Returning; the Result of the
Non-Returner.
59

(Angmimagga) the Path
of Never-Returning; the Path of the
Non-Returner.
, (Angm) a Never-
Returner; Non-Returner; one who has
attained the third stage of holiness.
(Angrika) lit. a homeless
one; one who enters the homeless life
without formally entering the
Sagha.
(Anicca) adj. impermanent;
transient.
(Aniccat) impermanence;
transiency.
(Anihrammaa)
unpleasant or unagreeable object.
(Aniyata) Indefinite Rules;
undetermined offence.
(Nigamasaghdhipati*) the
Ecclesiastical District Officer.
(Anucara) follower; attendant;
companion; accompanier; retainer;
retinue; entourage.
(Anuk) a sub-
subcommentary.
(Anupaatti) auxiliary
regula-tion; supplementary rule;
additional rule.
(Anupasampanna) one who
has not yet received the full
ordination; novices and the laity;
unordained one.
(Anupdinnaka) adj. not
grasped by craving or false view;
kammically ungrasped.
(Anupdisesa-nibbna)
Nibbna without any remainder of
physical existence; Nibbna without
the Five Aggregates remaining.
(Anubyajana) subsidiary
characteristics.
(Anupubbikath) a gradual
instruction; graduated sermon;
regulated exposition of the ever more
valued and sublime subjects.
(Anumodan) 1. thanks-
giving; chanting the holy stanzas of
blessings. 2. rejoice; approval;
appreciation; congratulation.
(Anurakkhanpadhna)
the effort to maintain or augment
arisen good.
(Anuloma) conforming; in
proper order; in forward order.
(Anuvddhikaraa) legal
questions concerning accusations.
(Anusaya) latent dispositions;
underlying tendencies; (the seven)
Evil Inclinations or Biases.
(Anusvan) announcement;
proclamation.
(Anusvancariya) ordina-
tion proclaiming teacher; (Second)
Ordination-Teacher.
(Anussana) advice;
instruction.
(Anussancariya) a
chaplain; minister; religious or moral
instructor.
(Anussanpihriya)
the miracle of teaching; the wonder
60

worked by the instruction (of the
Dhamma).
(Anussati) constant
mindfulness; (the ten) Reflections;
recollection.
(Anesan) wrong way of
earning ones living; improper
search; improper livelihood.
(Antaghikadihi) (the ten)
views taking extreme sides; the view
of the extremist; extremist view.
(Antaravsaka)
(Ant) extremes (the two
extremes).
(Antimavatthu) an extreme
offence; ultimate or worst trans-
gression; Defeat; Prjika offence.
(Antevsika) lit. one who lives
in; a monk who lives under his
teacher; a pupil; apprentice.
(Apacyana) reverence;
humility.
(Apacyanamaya) (merit)
to be gained through being humble or
respectful.
(Apadna) Lives of Arahants;
name of the thirteenth division of the
Khuddaka Nikya.

(Aparpariyavedanya-kamma)
indefinitely effective kamma.
(Apalokana) v. to look
towards for approval; consult; obtain
an approval by consultation.
(Apalokanakamma) the
act of obtaining consent or
permission by consultation.
(Apya) state of loss and woe;
unhappy existence; sorrowful ways.
(Apyabhmi) (the four)
planes of loss and woe; (the four)
states of misery; (the four) lower
worlds; unhappy existence.
(Apyamukha) cause of ruin;
ways of squandering wealth; ruinous
ways of life; vicious ways of
conduct.
(Appansamdhi) fixed
concentration; established concentra-
tion; full concentration; attainment-
concentration; absorption concentration.
(Appama) the Unbounded
States; the Illimitables.
(Appamda) non-negligence;
heedfulness; zeal; diligence; earnest-
ness; carefulness.
(Appicchat) paucity of
wishes; frugality; desiring little;
simplicity.
(Avamagala) bad luck; ill
omen; adj. unlucky; unauspicious; (K.)
funeral.
(Abykata; Avykata) adj.
indeterminate; neutral; unexplained.
(Abypda) non-hatred;
absence of ill-will; loving-kindness.
(Abbohrika) insignificant;
negligible; ineffective.
(Abhijjh) covetousness.
(Abhi) (five or six kinds of)
Higher Knowledge; Superknowledges;
Supernormal Powers; higher psychic
61

powers.
(Abhidhamma) the Higher
Doctrine; Further Dhamma; the
analytic doctrine of the Buddhist
Canon.
(Abhidhammapiaka) the
Abhidhamma Piaka; the Basket of
the Higher Doctrine.


(Gmasamhasaghdhi-pati*) the
Ecclesiastical Commune Chief; Eccl.
Sub-District Head.
(Abhisamaya) attainment;
realization; penetration.
(Abhisamcra) higher
training in proper conduct; higher
practice of the training; rules about
decent conduct; specialized or minor
precepts.
(Abhisambodhi) the supreme
enlightenment.
(Amata) the deathless state;
ambrosia; Nibbna; immortal.
(Amhavinaya) verdict of
past insanity.
(Amoha) non-delusion;
wisdom; knowledge; undeludedness.
(Ayonisomanasikra)
disorderly or distracted attention;
unsystematic attention; improper or
unwise consideration; lack of analytic
reflection.
(Araavs) one who dwells
in the forest; forest-dwelling monk;
the forest order.
(Arahattaphala) the Fruit of
the Worthy One; the final stage of
holiness; final freedom.
(Arahattamagga) the Path of
the Worthy One; the Path of
Arahatship.
, (Arahanta) an Arahant;
Arahat; worthy one; the Holy One;
perfected one; one who has attained
Nibbna.
(Arahantaghta) the murder
of an Arahant.
(Ariyadhana) the sublime
treasure; noble treasure; noble
wealth.
(Ariyapuggala) a noble
individual; noble one; holy person.
(Ariyaphala) the (four) Noble
Fruits; Fruits of the Holy Life.
(Ariyamagga) 1. the (four)
Noble Paths; Sublime Paths of the
Holy Life. 2. the Noble (Eightfold)
Path.
(Ariyasacca) the Noble Truth;
(Cattri Ariyasaccni) the Four Noble
Truths; the Four Holy Truths.
(Arpajhna) the (four)
Absorptions of the Formless Sphere.

(Arparga) desire for life in
the formless worlds; greed for the
formless; greed for immaterial
existence; attachment to formless
realms.
(Arpaloka) the formless
world; the world of the formless; the
62

Formless Realms; the Immaterial
Sphere.
(Arpvacara) adj. belonging
to the Formless Plane.
(Arpvacarabhmi) the
Formless Plane; Formless Sphere;
Immaterial Sphere.
(Alajj) shameless monk;
immoral monk.
(Alobha) non-greed; greedless-
ness; liberality; generosity.
(Avijj) ignorance; nescience;
lack of knowledge; delusion.
(Avirodhana) non-
obstruction; non-opposition; non-
violation; non-deviation from the
Dhamma.
(Avahra) action of stealing.

(Avci) the Avci Hell; the lowest
hell.
(Asakhatadhamma) that
which is not conditioned by any
cause; the Unconditioned; Nibbna.
(Asakheyya) incalculable.
(Asadisadna) Unparalleled
Gift; incomparable alms-giving.
(Asubha) 1. ugly; loathsome. n.
loathsomeness; impurity. 2. a corpse.
(Asurakya) the plane of
Asura demons; demons.
(Asekha) one who does not
require any further training; an
Arahant; the adept.
(Assda) enjoyment; attraction;
satisfaction; gratification; advantage.
(Asssa) in-breathing;
inhalation.
(Ahakra) lit. the making of
the utterance I; egoity; egotism;
ego-consciousness; the concept of I;
I-making; (K.) arrogance; haughti-
ness.
, (Ahis, Avihis)
non-violence; non-harming;
inoffensive-ness; noninjury.
, ~ (Ahetukadihi) lit.
the theory of causelessness; the
theory that there is no cause of a
phenomenon; doctrine of non-
causality.
(Ahosikamma) defunct
kamma; an act or thought which has
no longer any potential force.

[ ] (ksa) space.
(ksnacyatana)
the Sphere of Unbounded Space; the
Realm of Infinity of Space.
(kicayatana) the
Sphere (or Realm) of Nothingness.
(gantuka) a guest; new-
comer; stranger.
63

(ghta) malice; hatred;
revenge-fulness.
(cra) conduct; behaviour.
(cariya) a teacher; regular
instructor.
(ciakamma) habitual
kamma; habitual act.
(jvaka) a kind of non-
Buddhist ascetics, mostly naked.
(jvaprisuddhisla)
discipline as regards purity of
livelihood; Purity of Conduct
connected with Livelihood.
( jjava) honesty; integrity.
(Att; Sanskrit: tman) the self;
soul.
(dikammika) 1. name of the
first main division of the Vinaya
Piaka. 2. the beginner; the first
transgressor; the first doer.
(dibrahmacariya)
rudiments of the training in the Holy
Life; fundamentals of the Sublime
Life; fundamental or major precepts.
(dnava) disadvantage; peril;
defect; danger.
(desanpihriya)
marvellous ability of mind-reading or
guessing other peoples character;
marvel of thoughtreading.
(npnasati) mindfulness
on breathing; mindfulness regarding
breathing.
(nisasa) profit; merit; good
result; advantage.
(pattdhikaraa) legal
questions concerning offences; legal
processes concerning committed
offences, the awarding of them and
the atonement for them.
(patti) an ecclesiastical
offence; offence.
(podhtu) lit. the liquid
element; water; cohesion; the element
of cohesion.
(misa) food; flesh; materiality;
material things. adj. material;
physical; carnal.
(misadna) donation of
requisites (i.e. food, lodging, etc.);
material gifts.
(yatana) the Twelve
Spheres; the Twelve Bases; bases.
: sense-organs; the (six)
senses; sense-bases; sense-fields.
: sense-objects and mind-
object.
(yu) 1. age; life-span. 2.
longevity; long life.
(yusakhra) constituents
of life; vital principle.

(rakkhasampad) the
achieve-ment of protection; to be
endowed with wariness or
watchfulness.
(rammaa) sense-objects; an
object of consciousness.
(rmika) monastery-
attendant.
64

(Saghsana*) monks seat;
dais or raised platform for monks.
(sannakamma) death-
proximate kamma; a kamma done
immediately before death; proximate
kamma.
(sva) mental intoxication or
defilement; worldly influxes;
accumulation; outflows; corruption;
canker; taint; pollution.
(savakkhayaa) the
knowledge of the cessation of mental
intoxication; knowledge of the
destruction of cankers; knowledge
that the outflows are extinct.
(shapj) worship on the
full-moon day of the sha month
(the eighth lunar month) in
commemoration of the First Sermon
and the foundation of the Buddhist
order.
(hra) food; nutriment.

(Pabbajita) a religious; priest;

monk.

(Yati, Vatavantu) one who

takes up a religious practice or
observes a religious vow; ascetic;
recluse; hermit.
(Dhammika*) one
learned in the Doctrine; Doctrine-
knower; one who has passed the
examination of any of the three
grades of Dhamma-study; eccl.
graduate of Dhamma studies;
Dhamma graduate; Dhamma scholar.
(Dhammagyaka*) a chanter.

(Icch) 1. desire. 2. (K.)

(Itivuttaka) Thus said
Discour-ses; name of the fourth
division of the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Iddhi) success; supernormal
power; psychic power; magical
power.
(Iddhipihriya) a wonder
of psychic power; marvel; miracle.
(Iddhipda) the Four Paths of
Accomplishment; Means of Accom-
plishment; the means of accomplish-
ing ones own end or purpose; the
four Roads to Power; basis for
success.
(Iddhividhi) psychic powers;
different psychic powers; various
magical powers.
(Indriyasavarasla)
discipline as regards sense-restraint;
Sense-Restraint; purity of conduct
consisting in the restraint of the
senses.
(Indriya) 1. the sense-faculties;
the sense-forces. 2. spiritual faculties;
faculties.
65

(Iriypatha) deportment;
posture.
(Isi) an ascetic; sage; seer.
(Iss) envy; jealousy.

(Ukkhepanyakamma)
the formal act of suspension;
ostracism.
(Uggahanimitta) mental
image; learning sign; sign to be
grasped.
(Ucchedadihi)
annihilationism; the doctrine of the
annihilation (of the soul); belief in
the annihilation of the soul.
(Uhnasampad) the
achievement of persistent effort.
(Utuniyma) physical
inorganic order; physical laws.
(Uttarsaga) the upper robe.
(Uttarimanussadhamma)
superhuman state; extraordinary
attainment.
(Udna) an utterance; a paean;
Paeans of Joy; the Solemn
Utterances of the Buddha; name of
the third division of the Khuddaka
Nikya.
, (Pattidna,
Dakkhidisana) dedication or
transference of merit; radiation of
merit.
(Uddesikacetiya) shrine
by dedication; memorial object of
worship referring to the Buddha, i.e.
a Buddha image.
(Uddhacca) restlessness; unrest;
distraction; flurry.
(Uddhaccakukkucca) restless-
ness and worry; flurry and worry;
restlessness and anxiety.
(Upakkilesa) impurity; defile-
ment.
(Upaghtakakamma)
destruc-tive kamma.
(Upacra) neighbourhood;
surround-ing area.
(Upacrasamdhi)
proximate concentration; approaching
concentra-tion; neighbourhood-
concentration; access-concentration.
(Upajjhya) a spiritual
teacher; preceptor.
(Upahka) attendant; lay sup-
porter.
(Upatthambhakakamma)
supportive kamma.
(Upanha) ill-will; grudge;
enmity.
(Upapajjavedanyakam-
ma) subsequently effective kamma;
kamma ripening in the next life.
(Upapakakamma) obstruc-
tive kamma; counteractive kamma.
(Upam) simile; parable.
66

(Upasampad) full (or
higher) ordination; taking up the
Bhikkhu-ship; Full Admission to the
Sagha; Ordination Ceremony. v. to
be ordained; enter the monkhood;
join the Order.
(Upasampanna) the ordained;
a Bhikkhu or Bhikkhun.
(Updna) attachment;
clinging; grasping.
(Updnakkhandha)
aggregate (as object) of clinging.
(Updyarpa) the
Derivatives; derivative or secondary
material properties dependent on the
Four Great Essentials; material
qualities derived from the Four Great
Essentials; derivative matter.
(Updinnaka) lit. grasped by
craving and false view; kammically
acquired; kammically grasped.
(Upya) means; method;
resource; expedient.
(Upysa) despair.
(Upsaka) lit. one who comes or
sits near; a lay devotee; a devout or
faithful layman; lay Buddhist.
(Upsik) a female devotee; a
female lay follower.
(Upekkh) 1. equanimity; even-
mindedness; neutrality; poise. 2.
indifference; neutral feeling; neither
pleasurable nor painful feeling.
(Uposatha) 1. observance; the
observance of the Eight Precepts. 2.
biweekly recitation of the Vinaya
rules by a chapter of Buddhist
monks; the days for special meetings
of the order, and for recitation of the
Pimokkha. 3. the Uposatha hall;
consecrated assembly hall.
(Uposathasla) the Eight
Precepts observed by lay devotees on
Uposatha days.
(Uppda) arising; genesis.
(Ubbegpti; Ubbegpti)
uplifting joy; thrilling emotion.

(Ekaggat) one-pointedness
(of mind); mental one-pointedness;
concentration.
(Etadagga) foremost; first or
best of that class or type.
67

(Okkantikpti) oscillating
interest; showering joy.
(Oj) nutritive essence; nutriment.
(Ottappa) moral fear; moral
dread.
(Opaptika) creatures having
spontaneous births.
(Ovda) admonition; exhortation;
advice.
(Ovdapimokkha) the
Principal Teaching; the Fundamental
Teaching; exhortatory Pimokkha.





-


Part III
English - Khmer
Buddhist Dictionary
1

A
abandoning; abandonment 111.,
111., (11111, 111!11}
abiding 1111 (11}
abode !1, !1., 11!.,
1111
absolute sense 1111
absolute truth 11111
absorption W1, 11[1
abstention !111. v. to abstain.
abstinence 111
access concentration 1111111
accessory 11111, 11111 (11111}
accompanied by 111.
accomplishment, basis of VV
achievement 1[V1
acquisition 1!
act 11
act, formal 111
action 11, 11
adaptability 11_11
adept 1!1
adherence to habits and practices
1111111.
adherent 11
adjustment V1.
admonition 11V
adultery 11!11 11111
advantage 111
adverting 1111.
advice 11V
aeon 11[, 1[
affliction 1]11
age 1!
ageing 111
aggregate 8
agility 111
agitation V1
agreeable (111_11}
2

agreement 11 (111!_111111
1111V111111}
aim 11
allowable adj. 11[ !.
alms, alms food ! 11, V1, V111,
11
alms-bowl _1
alms-gathering 1 1, 111!1
11
alms resort !1111 (V!1!V1 1-
1, V1111111}
almsround 111!111
alteration 11111
analysis 1!1, 1!111
analytic insight 1 1V1
anger !111., !11!_111
annihilationism !1V11V, !1VV
anxiety V1111
appreciation 11.
arahant; Arahant _1111
Arahatship 1111, 11111
ardour 11., 1111., !111]1-
!1111!11!
arising 1[1V, 1[1
ariyan 11!.
arrogance 1111
ascetic , 111, 11V,
111
ascetic practices 11., 111
aspect 11111.
assembly !1, 11 V (=11 1 -
V_111}
associated with 1[!1
association 1[!!11, !11
assuming V1
attachment V1
attainment 1!1! (111!_11},
1111
attainment concentration 11[1-
111
3

attendance 11 (111V11_11,
1111!_1, 1111]1}
attendant 111
attention 1111
attentiveness 111111
audible object V111, V
austere practices 111
austerities 11.
authority 1111, |1!.
avarice 111 !.
aversion 11., 1111
avoidance 111, 11
Awakened One, the _11V
Awakening 1!!111
awareness 1[1_

B
bad 1. !1 evil.
bad company 111!11 (!11
111111_11}
balanced life; balanced livelihood
111 11
banishment 1111!11
basis of mindfulness 11[1
basis for success VV
becoming !1, !1.
being 1
belief in a Soul of Self 11!V
benefaction V1, 1111!1
benefactor V1!1
benefit 111|, 11
benevolence 1111!1
besotting drink 11
birth 111
birth story 1111

blameless action 11111 (111
11!V1, 111!1_111!V11
118!111 1111_1!!11}
4

Blessed One, the !111 (_111
_1!11}
blessing 11, 11, 1!11V1,
111|
bliss 8
Bodhisatta, Bodhisattva _1!111-
1
bodily, adj. 11!1 (1111!}
bodily action 11!11
bodily avenue 11!V11
bodily formation; bodily functions
11!111
bodily good conduct 11!111
bodily happiness 11! 18
bodily misconduct 11!V111
bodily pain 11!1V1
body 11!
bond !!11.
boon 11
border district 11 11V
boundary 11
bourn 11
bowl !1 alms-bowl.
Brahma-farer _11111
Brahma-faring _1111!.
Brahmin, brahman _111
breathing in 1|1. (1111!11
1} (=in-breathing.)
breathing out 1|1. (1111!11
!1} (=out-breathing.)
Buddha, the _11V
Buddhism _11V11
Buddhist 1V11
buoyancy 111 (111_1_11!V1
!11Y1111111!_}
burden 11., !11.


5

C
calm 11.
Calmed One, the _11
canker 111.
canon 11, 111
carelessness 111V., !11_111V
carnalities 111
caste 1.
category 8
casual occasion l1
cause !11
Cause of Suffering V11V!.,
1V!
cemetery V1
cessation !111
Cessation of Suffering V1!111,
!111
change 11111
change-of-lineage !11_1!
chanting 111_11 v. to chant.
chapter of monks 1. (111!}
character 111
characteristic 1.
charity V1, 111.
clairaudience V1!11
clairvoyance V111
clan !11_1, _11
clansman 11_1
classification 11.
clear comprehension 1[1_
clinging V1
coefficients !1 mental coeffi-
cients.
cognizance 11
cognizable object 11111
cohesion, the element of 11!111
Collection 11! (1111}
comfort 111
commentary 1111
6

common characteristics 11_-
1.
community 1
companion 11!
compassion 111, 111[1. adj.
compassionate.
compounded things 111,
1111
comprehension 1[1_, 11 _1
conceit 11
concentration 111
concentration development 111
!111, 11!111
concept 1_1
conception 1
concord 111
condition 11!
conditioned genesis 1 1 11[1V
conditioned things 111, 1111
conduct 11111., 11!1, 11.,
11111
confession (1111} !V1 (111
1111111 } v. to confess.
confidence V1, 11V.
conformity 1!11
conquest 1!, 11!
conquest by piety 1111!
conscience 1 1
conscientious, adj. 1, 1111-
11[
consciousness 1_1
consequence 1 1
consideration 1111
constituent 11
contact 1|
contemplation 11|1, 1|1
contemplation of the body 11!1-
1|1
7

contemplation of the feelings !1V1-
1|1
contemplation of the mind 1 11-
1|1
contemplation of the mind-objects
1111|1
contempt 11, 1111
content; contentment !1,
continuity 1, 1
control of the senses _!11.
controlling faculty _!
conventional truth 111
conversion 111, 1111, 11111
11!1!V1
co-religionist 1111
corporeality 11, 1111
corruption 1!, 11!,
111.
Council 11!1, 11
counterpart 1!11
couplet V1. (1111}
course of action 1111
courteous speech; courtesy 1 !1111
covetousness 1!1[1
craving 11
craving for annihilation 1!111
craving for existence !111
craving for non-existence 1!111
craving for sensual pleasures
11111
cremation W111 1
crematorium W111
cruelty 111|1
culture !1 mind culture
curds V1

D
danger 111!, 11V1. death 11., 11, 11
8

deathless, adj. 111.
debauchery 11111 (!111111
!1_}
decad V1. (111}
decay 111, 1111
decease 11
deceit 11!1
decision of the majority !!!!]-
11
decline 111!1. (!1111}
deed 11
defeat, offence involving 1111
1111
defilement 1 !
definition 1111
deliverance 1 11, 1!111
delusion !111.
demeritorious action 111
demon 11, !1|
demonstration !V
denigration 11 (11!111}
dependence |! (111!}
dependent origination 1 111[1V
deportment 1!111
derivative matter V1!11
derived materiality V1! 11
description 1_1
designation 1111.
desire Y., 111, 11, 11
(!11_11}
despair !1
destination 11
destruction 1]., 11!., 11,
111., 8!.
destruction of life 111
detachment 1 111.
detraction 11
development !111
devotee, lay 1
9

Dhamma; Dharma, the _111, 11,
11
diligence 11[11V, 1
direct knowledge 1!_1
disappearance 11, 1111
discernment 1 111
disciple 111
discipline 1!
discontent 111, 1!11 (!11
1!_1111}
discovery 1V, !111
discrimination 1 1V1
discursive thinking 1 111
discussion 1111
disease !111, 1]11
disparaging 11 (!11.!V1_
!1!8] . 1!W, 1!11}
dispassion 1V1
dispensation 111, _111
dispute 1 11V
disquisition 1111!1!
dissension !1111111, (in the
order) 1111
distraction V1, 1!11 (!1111!
11!}
diversification 1111
divine V1, _11
divine abiding _111111. !1
sublime states.
divine ear V 1!11
divine eye V 111
divine life _111, _1111!.,
_11111]. !1 holy life.
doctrine 11, _111, 11.
domain 1!, !1
domineering 11
donation V1, 11111 1 11
donor V1!1
door V11
doubt 1 1 1 11, 111
10

downfall 111!1. (!1111},
1!
drowsiness 1V
drunkenness 111111 (!1111
11!111}
dulness, dullness !111.
duties of the King; duties of the
ruler 11111
duty 11 , 11
dwelling 1111 (V!1}
dwelling in the favourable place
111!V11
dyad V1. (1111}

E
ear !11.
earnestness 11[11V, 11111.
(!111]1!11}
earth 1l1, 1l1111. !1
extension
ease 8
effort 11!., 11!11., !111]1!11
ego 111, 111
elasticity 1V11
elder !11
element 111, 111!1, 11
elements of enlightenment !111[1
embodiment view 11!V
embryo 1., 11
emergence 11
emptiness _11
end 1
endeavour 111, 11!., 11!11.
endurance 8, 1!11.
energy 11!.
enjoyment 11!!11 (!1!, !_1
111!1[1 !118 11!1},
1|1V.
Enlightenment One, the _11V
11

enlightenment !111, 1!!111
enlightenment factor !111[1
enlightenment states !111 11 !11
ennead 11. (11_1}
enthusiasm 11
envy |1, !111|1
eon 11[, 1[
equality 11111
equanimity !111 (1111111 111
11} onlooking-equanimity.
equipment 11111
eradication 1!1V, 111.
escape |1.
essential of existence 11
eternalism; eternity-view |1-
11V, |1V
eunuch 1!11
even-mindedness !111
evil 1
Evil One, the 111
Exalted One, the !111 (_111
_1!11}
exertion 111., 11!11.
exhaustion 8!. (!1111}
exhortation 11V
existence !1
experience !1V!1
exposition !V, 11
extension, the element of 1l1111
extinction !111
Extinction of Impurities 1!
1111 (=V!11}
Extinction of Suffering V1!111,
!111
Extinction of the Five-Khandha-
process 81111 (=1V-
!11}
extreme 1 (V111, !11111
1 _1_11!]!1}
12

expiration, offence of 1111-
11!.
eye 11

F
factor 11
faculty _!
fading away of craving 111|!,
111!
fading of lust 1111.
failure 1 11
faith V1. !1 confidence
falseness; falsity 1 11
false speech 1111V
false views 111V
fame !, 111
favourable, adj. 1[1!
fear !!
fear of blame 11[
feeling !1V1
femininity 1!11., 1_ !
fetter !!11., !_11
final knowledge 1_1
fine-material sphere 11!1, 11-
!11
firmness 11 (!111]1!11}
Five Precept, the 111
fixation V1
flavour 1
flood 1.
fluid element 11!111. !1
cohesion.
flurry and worry V1 111
follower 111, 11
fool 11, 1|11
foolish man !11111
forbearance 1111, 8
forest-dweller 11_11
13

forfeiture, offence of expiation
involving 1111 |1 !1 1!.
form 11
formal act 111
formal meeting of the order,
offence entailing a 111111-
V!
formations 111
former action 1111.
former exhibition 1!111
formless 111
forward order 1!11
foundation of mindfulness 1-
1[1
fragrant, adj. 1
Fragrant Cell, the _111
fraud 1!1!]
freedom 111
friend 1 1, 1_1
friendliness !111
frivolous talk 11[11.
fruit; fruition 1, 11
Fully Enlightenment One, the
_1111V
full moon; full moon day 11,
111, !111
function 11 , 1
functional consciousness 11!11 1
fundamental precepts 1!111
fundamentals of mindfulness 1-
1[1

G
gain 1!
gambling 111!11[1!1
generosity 111., V1
gentleness 1V1.
gesture 11!1 _1
ghee 1[
14

ghost !_11
gift V1, V111
giving V1
giving up 111., 11111
goal 11, 11!!11
god !V1., !V1, !V111
going forth (from home) 1111
good, n. 11. adj. 1]1, 1_
good company 1]11111
gossip 11[11.
grasping V1
grateful, adj. 11_
gratefulness 11_11, 11_11!1V 11
gratification 1|1V.
gratitude 11_11, 11_11!1V11
grave offence 111111 !
great entity 111!1
Great Man 11111
Great Renunciation, the 111
!!_1
Great Vehicle 111!1
greed !1!.
greediness 11111 (!11!1!
11!_1}
grief !V11|, !11
group-meal 1!!11
Groups of Existence, the Five 8l
growth 11!.
grudging 111.
guidance |! (111!}
guide 1., !1
guiding out 1 !
guile 111

H
halo 1!1 happiness 8
15

harmlessness 111|1
harmony 111
harsh speech 111111
hate !V1.
hatred !V1., !11
health 1!111] (!111[1!, 11
!111}, 111
hearer 111. !1 disciple.
heart 1V!.
heating element !1!11111
heaven 1, 1
heavenly abiding V11111
heavenly being !V11, !V111
heavenly ear V1!11
heavenly eye V111
heedfulness 111V, !11_111V
hell 1!., 11
help 11.
heptad 11. (11_11}
here and now V 11
hereafter 11!11, 1[11!.
heresy 111!1. (111V1, V
111V1}
heritage V1!1 (!1111V1!1V,
111}
hermit enlightened one 1!111V
hexad Y1. (11_1!}
higher knowledge !1 super
knowledge.
higher mentality 1111
higher morality 11
higher thought 1111
higher wisdom 111_1
hindrance 11.
holy life _111, _1111!.,
_11111]
holy men 1_111
holy one _111!., _1111
homage 1., 1111, 111
homeless one 111111
16

homeless life 11111 !., 111
111111
honesty 1111.
honour 111., 111
hostile action !11
householder 1111, _11
house-life; household life 11111,
11 1_11
human being 1|
humility 111.. (1111118} adj.
humble.
hut 1
hypocrisy 1!1!] (!11.111
11111}

I
ideation _1. !1 perception.
idleness !111
ignoble, adj. 11!., 111]
ignorance 1111
illimitables 11[1_1
illumination !1
illusion 1!111., 11!1
ill-will 1]1V
image 111. !1 mental image
I-making 11111
immaterial, adj. 111
immaterial sphere 111!1,
111!11
immoral, adj. 1, 11
immortal, adj. 111.
impartiality 11111
impediment 1!111, 111.
impermanence 1111
impermanent, adj. 11, 11
imperturbability 11!111, 1!111
impulsion 11., 11
impurity 1!, 1., 1
17

in-and-out-breathing 11.,
1|111.
incantation 1
incense stick 11
inclination 11[1!, 1111
independent, adj. 1|1
indeterminate, adj. 11]111.
indifferent feeling !111!1V1,
1V118
individual 11
individuality 11!11., 11 !11
indolence !111
industry 1|11, 1 (!11
!_111!_1}
inertia 1l1111
infinite, adj. 1
infinity of consciousness 1_1-
111!1.
infinity of space 1111111 1!1.
inheritance V1!1. !1 heritage
inner sense-sphere 11[111!1.
(11!1.81111}
initial application 1 11
inquiry 1 11 (_11}, 11 111 (111
111}
insight 1, V|.
insight development 11|1!111
insight into the heart of others
1111111, !1!1111!_1
insistence 1! !1
instigated, adj. 1111
instruction 11, 1.
integrity 1111
intention 11[, 111[1!, !111
intimation 1_1
intoxicant 11, 11!11!
intoxicant, mental 111.
intrepidity !1111
investigation 11!, 1.,
1!11.
18

investigation of the Doctrine
1111!
invitation 111 1, 111111, 11111
issuer of meals !1!V1 (11111
1111!1}

J
jealous |1, !111|1
jewel 11. (11 11_1!}
joy !11|, (!111} 8, 11,
1V11. !1 sympathetic joy.

K
Kamma; Karma 11
Karmically acquired, adj. V 1.,
111
killing 111
kindly speech 1!1111
kinsman 11
knowable things !!]11
knowing and seeing 1V|.
knowledge 1, 111

L
laity, the _11, 11!1_11_111
lamentation 11!V1. (!, 8|18|}
latent bias 1!
latent tendency 1!
Law, the _111
lay devotee 1
lay disciple 1, _11 111
lay follower 1, 1V11
111_11
laying down 1111_1 ( 111V} v.
to lay down
layman _11
19

laziness !111, 11!.
learner !1
learning 1.
legal question 1111
Lesser Vehicle 1!1
lethargy 1.
lethargy and drowsiness 1 1V
letter 111., 1]11.
liberality V1, 111.
liberation 1 !111, 111
life-faculty 1 1 1 _!
life-principle 11., 111_!
life-span 11!, 1111, 111,
11!11[
lightness 111
liquor 11
livelihood 1111
living in befitting places 111-
!V11
living within ones means 111 11
loathsome, adj. 11. n.
loathsomeness
lodgings !1.
longing 11 (!11_11/11, 111
111}
love !11., !111. (!11__1}
loving-kindness !111
lunar, adj. 811111
lunar calendar _11 V 111
lust 111.
lusting wish Y111.
lying; lying speech !1 false
speech.

M
magical power V111] Mahayana 111!1 (11!_11V
20

11}
maintaining; maintenance 1111
malice 11111 (!1181, 1}
malicious speech 1 11111,
!1_11V
malleability 1V11
management 111, 111
manifestation 111[1
manner 11!1!, 11111.
marvel 111]
masculinity 11!11., 11_!
mass 11., 1. (}
Master, the _111, _1111
11
mastery 1 (1111_!_11
!1!, 111}
material gifts 111V1
material happiness 118
material qualities 1111, 1 1
material things 111
material worship 111111
matricide 111111
matrix 111 11
matted-hair ascetic 1
matter 11
maturity 111 (11!11111,
11!1V}
meal !1, !!11
mealtime !111
meaning 11
meanness 111 !.
means !, 1 1, 1!!11
medicine !!1
meditation W1, !111
meditator W1!, 111!1 W1,
111!_1!111
meekness !111|11 (!111
11 1!1_1!111!}
mental, adj. !111 (81111}
mental action 1!111
21

mental activities !111
mental adjuncts !111
mental avenue 1!1V11
mental body 1111! (11/111
1111}
mental coefficients !111
mental concomitants !111
mental factors !111
mental formation; mental functions
1!1111, 1 1111
mental formations 111 (1 8l}
mental good conduct 1!1111
mental happiness !1118
mental image 11
mentality 11, 1111, !111
mental misconduct 1!1V111
mental object 11111
mental pain !11 1V1
mental quality !111
mercy V!1, 1V!
merit 1_, 1]
meritorious action 1_11
message _111, 111]1!_1]
Middle Path, the 11[11 11V1
mind 11, 1!1, 11
mind culture !111
mindfulness 1
mindfulness on breathing 111-
|1
mind object !1 mental object.
miracle 111]
misappreciation of virtue and duty
1111111
misconduct V111, 111111
miserliness 111 !.
misery V1 adj. miserable 11V1,
11V1
mode 11111
moderation 11_11. (~ in eating =
!!11!11_11
22

moment 8.
momentary concentration 81-
111
momentary joy 81111
monastery 11, 11111, 1111
monastic life _11111], 1111.
monk !1, 1.
monument 11, 11, !11!
moral achievement 1[1,
1[V1
moral dread 11[
moral failure 111
moral habit
morality
moral shame 11
mortal 11 (1111111= 1}
motion 1, 1; 11!!1111
mundane, adj. !11!
my-making 11111.

N
naked ascetic 1!11
name 11
name and form 1111
natural virtue 111
negligence 111V., !11_111V
neighbourhood concentration
1111111
neither-pain-nor-pleasure 1V11-
8, !111!1V1
neither perception nor non-
perception, sphere of !1_1
1_1!1.
neutrality, specific 1_111[111
newly ordained monk 11!1
next life; next world 1111,
1!1, 111!_11!, 11!11
Nibbna, Nirva 11
23

Nibbna without any remainder of
existence 1 V!11
Nibbna with remainder of
existence V!11
niggardliness 111 !.
nihilism 11111V, 111V
noble, adj. 11!., 111]
noble disciple 11!111
noble discipline 11!1!
Noble Eightfold Path, the 11!
11111, 111]11 111
noble one 11!11
noble treasure 11!_V1]
Noble Truth, the Four 11!1 t,
11111!1
noble wealth 11!_V1]
non-covetousness 1!1[1
non-cruelty 1111|1
non-delusion 1!111.
non-greed 1!1!.
non-hate; non-hatred 1!V1.,
11]1V
non-ill-will 11]1V
non-injury 111|1
non-obstruction 11!111.
non-opposition 11!111.
non-returner 11111
non-returning, fruition of 11111-
1
non-returning, path of 1111111
non-self; non-soul 111
non-violence 111|1, 1111|1
norm 11
nose 11.
nothingness, sphere of 11111-
_1!1.
not-self, adj. 111
novice 11!1
novitiate 11!1, 11.
nun !1
24

nutrients; nutriment 11111 nutritive essence 11

O
obedience !111|11
object 1111
objective-field 1 !
objectivity 1111
oblation 1, 111
obligations 1 !111, 11, 11., 1
observance !1, 11, 111 11|1
( 11!1}
obsession 11!1, 1111
obstinacy 11
obstruction 11.. !1 hindrance.
octad 11. (11}
odorous object 1111
odour 1
offence 1111
offering 1, V1 1, V1| , 111
old age 111
olfactory organ 11.
omen 11 ; good omen 11
omnipotent, adj. 11!!
omniscience 1_11
Omniscient, the _11_
once-returner 1V1111
once-returning, fruition of 1V111-
11
once-returning, path of 1V111-
111
one-pointedness of mind T1111,
11!|1111
onlooking-equanimity !111
opposite, adj. 1 11
Order, the _11, 11
ordinary man !1 worldling.
ordination 11[V1, 11[V v.
to ordain.
25

origin 1V!
Origin of Suffering V11V!.,
1V!.
origination 11
other world 11!11
outer sense-sphere 11111!1.
(11!1811!_11}
outcast !1| (1!111V11}
outcaste 11
outguidable person !1!!]11
overcoming 111.
ownership, the bliss of 118 (8
!111!1111_V1]}

P
pain V1
painful feeling V1!1V1
Pali Canon _11_111
Parinirvana 1111
parricide 11111, 111111111
partiality Y111
passing away 11., 1111!1
Path, the 11
patience 8, 81.
patricide 11111
peace , 11.
penetration 1!11., !11.
pentad 111 1. (11l}
perception _1
perdition 11
Perfect One, the _111111
perfection 11
perfectness 1[1
peril 11V1., !!
perplexity 1 1 1 11
person 11
perspicuity 1!1.
26

perversion 1 11
physical, adj. 11! 1 (1111!} !1
bodily.
physical basis of mind 1V!11
plane !1
pleasant feeling 8!1V1
pleasing, adj. 1V1. (1111/
_111!1!!11_111}
pleasure 8
posture 1!111
power 1.
practice 111_11 11, 11V1
praise 1. (!111!1},
11
preaching !V1 v. to preach.
precept 111V,
preceptor 11[1!
predominance 111!1!]
prejudice 111
preliminary duties 111 1
preparation 1111
presumption 111
previous benefactor 11111
previous life 111111, 11111, 111
1
pride 11, 1V.
priest 1111, _111
primary element 111!1
probation 1111
probationer 1111
proclamation 1111
proficiency 1_11, !11
proficiency as to progress 11!-
!11
proficiency as to regress 1!-
!11
proficiency as to the means of
success !!11
proficiency in knowing gain 11!-
!11
27

proficiency in knowing loss 1!-
!11
proficiency of method !!11
profitable, adj. 1
profound, adj. 111.
prompted, adj. 1111
propagation 1111|11|1!
property 1[1
prose; prose-exposition !1!]111
prosperity 1[V1
protection 11111
provenance V1
psychic power 1!_1
pupil 1!111, |
Pure Abodes V111
purification 1 V
purity 1V, 1V
purport 111[1!
pursuit 1!!11

Q
quadruped 111V
quality 1, 1., 11
quarrel 11., 111V
quarter V (V1}
quest T1, 1!11, 11!!1
question 1111
quiet, n. 11. adj. 111 (1}

R
radiation !1!11111
rag-robe 11|1111
rains-residence; rains-retreat 11_1
1|1, 1|11.
rapture 11
28

reaching 11 (111!_11}
reality 1111, !11!111
realization 111!1, 111.,
11 11.
reappearance 1[1
reason 111., !!1, 111
rebirth 1!1, 1111, 11!!111
recipient 11111., 1!
recitation 11111]1!, 111 _1. v.
to recite.
recluse 1.
recollection 1|1
reconciliation 1111!11
reconnection 1
rectitude 1111
refectory !11 (!111Y1,
11Y1}
refraining !1., _1., !111
refuge 1.
Refuge, the Threefold 1_11.
refuse-rag-robe 11|1111
registration 1V111., 1V11.
rehearsal 11, 11!1
reincarnation 11111 (11_111-
, 1}
relative; relation 11
relaxation 1|V
release 1!111, 111
relics (of the Buddha) _1111, _1
1111111
relief !1111!]!
relinking 1
remembrance of previous births
1!1111 |11
remorse 11[11, 111
renouncing 111 11
renown 1 1, 111
renunciation !11. v. to renounce.
repairs 111, 111.
reprover !11V1
29

reproving !11V1. v. to reprove.
repugnance 11.
repulsion 11.
repulsive, adj. 11
requisite 1111, 11!
resentment 11.
resistence 11.
resolution 11!111, 1111 ; (1!}
111111
resolve 111, 1111
resort !1111.
respect 1111.
respectable person 111!11
restlessness V1
restoration 111, 111.
restraint of the senses _ !11.
result 1, 1 1
retrocognition 1!1111|1-
1
reverence 1111!., 1111.
Reverend, the 111]!11!1111_1
1 1111111.
!1!_1111!
_11811111!1 1111
1111!1|1. !1 venerable.
reverse order 1!11
review; reviewing 11 !11.
riches !!11.
right, adj. 11
Right Action 1111
Right Concentration 11111
Right Conduct !1 Right Action.
Right Deliverance 11111
Right Effort 1111!11.
right endeavour 11[11
Right Intent !1 Right thought.
Right Knowledge 111
Right Livelihood 111111.
Right Means of Livelihood !1
Right Livelihood.
30

Right Meditation !1 Right
Concentration.
Right Mindfulness 111
Right Motive !1 Right Thought.
Right Speech 111111
right striving 11[11
Right Thought 1111[
Right Understanding 11V
Right View !1 Right Under-
standing.
righteous, adj. 111, 1111
righteous man 1[1
righteousness 11
rightness 11
rigidity, mental 11
ripening 1 1
risk !111
rites and rituals 11.
rivalry 11., 111
road to power VV. !1 basis of
success.
robe 111
root 1
root-cause !11
round 1
round of birth; roundabout of births
111, 111, 11
rug 1.
rule and ritual 11., 111
rule of training 111V
rumination 1111

S
sacrifice !_ (_111}, 111.,
11 111
safe, adj. !81., !1|1
saffron robe 11111_
sage 1
salvation 111
31

sandals 11
Sangha, the 1, _11, 1.-
1
sapid object 1111
satisfaction 11V., 1|1V.
Saviour _1111!_11, _111
VV1 (_1=_1!!}
savour 1
scepticism 1 1 1 11
schedule 111 11
schism 1!!V
School 11! (111}
science 111
scripture 111, 1, 111
search; searching T1, 11!!1
search of truth 111 1!.
seat 11.
seclusion 1!11
sect 11!
section 111., 11
seeing V|.
seer
self 111, 8, 18
self-control V1., _1.
self-direction, right disposition in
111111
self-illusion 11!V
selfishness 111 !.
self-knowledge 11_11
self-mortification; self-torment 11
1111!!11.
self-possession 1[1_
sensation !1V1. !1 feeling
sense-base 11!1.
sense-field 11!1.
sense-impression 1|
sense of shame 11
sense of urgency !11, !11
!11
sense-organ 11!1.
32

sense-pleasure 111
sense-sphere 11!1.
sensual craving 11111
sensual desire 111, 111Y.
sensual indulgence 111811-
!!11
sensual lust 111111.
sensual misconduct 11!1 1 11111
sensual plane 111!1
sensual pleasure 111, 1118,
1111
sensual sphere 111!1
sensuous craving 11111
sensuous sphere 111!1, 111!11
sentient being 1
separate treatment 1!1
sequence 1
serene, adj. (1, 1111,
1111!1!}
series 1
service !1!]111
setting in motion (1 setting roll-
ing) the Wheel of the Doctrine
11111[11.
setting-up of mindfulness 111
seven-times-at-most stream-enterer
!1111
sexual intercourse !1111
sexual misconduct 11!1111111
shame 11, 11
shameless, adj. 11
shelter 11. (V111}
shoe V11
sign 11
Signs of Being, the Three 1_11
simile 111
simplicity 11[111
singled-seed T111
skilful action 111
skill !11, !11], V1, V1|
33

skilled; skilful, adj. 1
slander 111111, !1_11V
sloth 1.
smirching 11
sociability 11111
softness 1V11, 1V1.
solid element 1l1111
solitude 1 !11
sorrow !11
sound V
source V1 (!11, V11}
soul 111, 111, 11.
soulless, adj. 111
soullessness 1111
space 1111
specific conditionality V1[1!11
specification 1!11
speech 1111, 11, !11, 111_1
spite 111.
spontaneously born creature 1-
1 1.
stain 1., 1
standing (in the Order) (1} 1|1
(1!1!11. 11!!V1111}
steadiness l 1
stealing 1V1V1
Stilled One, the _11
stillness !11!!] (_1!!111 1}
stinginess 111 !.
storing up 11!.
straightness 1111, 1111.
stream-enterer; stream-entrant;
stream-winner; stream-attainer
!1111
stream-entry, fruition of !111-
111
stream-entry, path of !1111111
strength 1.
striving 111., 11!.
34

stumbling block 111!, 111-
!111
sublime states _111111
substitution of opposites 1V1
substratum of rebirth 11
subtle, adj. 81
success V, 1[1
suffering V1
suitable, adj. 1[1!, 11[ !., 1-
11
sunshade Y_1
superknowledge 1!_1
supermundane; supramun-dane,
adj. !1111
supernormal power V111]
support |! (V11_!}, 111
suppression 111.
supreme abidings _111111
supreme dwellings _111111
suspension !111!11
sustained application 1111
sympathetic joy 1V 11

T
tactile object !111
taint 111.
taking what is not given 1V1V1
tale-bearing 111111, !1_11V
talk 111
taming V1.
tangible object !111111, !111
task 1 1
taste 1
teacher 11111]
teaching !V1, 11
Teaching; Teachings, the _111
telepathy !1!1111!_1
temperament 111
35

temperature 1
Tempter, the 111
term 1V
test 11 (1111111, 11
[1}
tetrad 111. (11t}
thanking 1!11V1
Theravada !1111V (11!_11V
11!1 11 111!1}
things 111, 11
thirst 11, 11
thought 1 1, 111[1V, 11[, 111
thought-conception 1 11
tie 1
tolerance 8
tongue 1 11
torpor 1V
touch !111
town-monk _111111
training 11, V1., !111, !8!.
Training, the Threefold 1_1 11
training rule 111V
tranquillity 1|V, 11.
Tranquillity Development 11-
!111
transcendental !1111
transformation 1 11 11
transgression 1111 (111_1_11
11}
transience; transiency 1111
transient, adj. 11, 11
treasure 11., 1, 1.
triad 11. (11T}
Triple Gem, the _1111_1!
triplet 1 1. (11T}
true doctrine V1
true man 1[1
truth 1
twin miracle; twin wonder !11
111]
36


U
ultimate sense; ultimate reality
1111
ultramundane !1 supermundane
uncertainty 1 1 1 11
uncompounded; unconditioned,
adj. 111
unconscious mind !1111
unconscious state !11
undeclared 11]111.
underlying tendency 1!
understanding 1_1
undertaking 11V1 v. to under-
take.
undetermined offence 1 !1.
unification T1111
uninstigated, adj. 11111
unity 111, T11, T1!11
unknowing 11
unprofitable, adj. 11
unprompted, adj. 11111
unrighteous greed 11!1!.
(=1!1[1}
unskilful, adj. 11
unskilled action 1111
unsurpassed, adj. 111
unworldly, adj. 111
urgency, sense of !11
usage !11111
utterance V1, 11.

V
vain talk 11[11
vanity 1V.
vegetable-growth !1111
37

Venerable 111]!_1_111!11!V111
_111111111. !1!_111-
1!_1!11 1_11111-
18 (1.1. Ven.)
veneration 1111., 1., 111
verbal action 1111
verbal formation; verbal functions
11111
verbal good conduct 1111 1
verbal misconduct 11V111
verdict of innocence 11!
verdict of past insanity 11 L 1!
verdict of present of 1811!
verification 111!1, 111.
verse 1111
Vesak 1 18111 (!1!_111_1-
!V1111 = Viskha
Pj.)
vibration, the element of 11!!1111
vices of conduct 111!
view V
village-dweller 11111
virtue , 111. adj. virtuous.
virtue and duty 11., 111
visible for oneself, adj. 1.
visible object; visual object 1-
11
vision V|.
vital formation 11!111
vitality 111_!
void; voidness _11
volition !111
volitional activities 111
voting-ticket 11

W
wakefulness 1111!1!!11 walking to and fro 1_11
38

wander, v. 1111
wandering 1111111, 11
wandering ascetic; wanderer 11-
1111
warrior 81!., 1|_1, 11.1|_1
watch !11
watchfulness 11[1_
water 11!. !1 cohesion.
way 11, 1 1V1
weal 118
wealth !!11, 1.
welfare 118, _1!!118
Well-farer, the _111
well-spoken words 1111 !11
Wesak !1 Vesak.
wheel of becoming; wheel of life
!11_1
Wheel of the Law; Wheel of the
Doctrine 111_1
wheel of rebirths 111_1
wheel-turning monarch !11_1-
11
wholesome, adj. 1
wholesome action 111
wicked, adj. 1, 11_11
wieldiness 11_11
will Y, !111
wind 11!!1. !1 vibration.
wisdom 1_1
wise man 11
wish Y, 11 (!11_11}
withdrawal 111, V11
woe V1, 1!
wonder 111]
worldling 111
worldly, adj. !11!, 11
worldly condition !1111
worldly vicissitudes !1111
worthy one _1111
worry 111
39

wrath !111.
wrong conduct V11 1
wrong course 111
wrongdoing V1 (1111}
wrongness 111
wrong speech, offence of 1111
V111
wrong time 111

Y
yearning 111
years standing !1 standing.
yellow robe 11111_
yoke !!11., 11., !11.

Z
zeal 11[11V zest 11


















40

APPENDIX

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammsambuddhassa.
Homage to the Blessed One, the Perfect One, the Fully-Enlightened One.

Tisaragamana
Taking the Three Refuges.

Buddha saraa gacchmi.
I go to the Buddha for refuge.
Dhamma saraa gacchmi.
I go to the Dhamma for refuge.
Sangha saraa gacchmi.
I go to the Sangha for refuge.
Dutiyampi .
For the second time
Tatiyampi
For the third time

Paca-Sla
The Five Precepts

Ptipt verama sikkhpada samdiymi.
I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from taking life.
Adinndn verama sikkhpada samdiymi.
I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from taking what is not
given.
Kmesumicchcr verama sikkhpada samdiymi.
I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from sexual misconduct.
Musvd verama sikkhpada samdiymi.
I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from false speech.
Surmerayamajjapamdahn verama sikkhpada samdiy-
mi.
41

I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from intoxicants causing
carelessness.

Cattri Ariyasaccni
The Four Noble Truths
1. Dukkha Ariyasacca.
The Noble Truth of Suffering.
2. Dukkhasamudayo Ariyasacca.
The Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering.
3. Dukkhanirodho Ariyasacca.
The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering.
4. Dukkhanirodhagminpaipad Ariyasacca.
The Noble Truth of the Path leading of the Cessation of Suffering.

Ariya Ahangika Magga
The Noble Eightfold Path

1. Sammdihi Right Understanding.
2. Sammsakappa Right Thoughts.
3. Sammvc Right Speech.
4. Sammkammanta Right Action.
5. Sammjiva Right Livelihood.
6. Sammvyma Right Effort.
7. Sammsati Right Mindfulness.
8. Sammsamdhi Right Concentration.

Paca-Khandha
The Five Aggregates of Existence

1. Rpa-khandha Aggregate of Corporeality
2. Vedan-khandha Aggregate of Feeling
3. Sa-khandha Aggregate of Perception
4. Sakhra-khandha Aggregate of Mental Formations
5. Via-khandha Aggregate of Consciousness
42

Ti-Lakkhaa
The Three Characteristics of Existence
1. Sabbe sankhr anicc.
All conditioned things are impermanent.
2. Sabbe sankhr dukkh.
All conditioned things are subject to stress and conflict.
3. Sabbe dhamm anatt.
All things are not-self or soulless.

Paicca-Samuppda
The Dependent Origination
Avijjpaccay Sankhr Dependent on Ignorance arise
Karma-Formations.
Sankhrapaccay Via Dependent on Karma Formations
arises Consciousness.
Viapaccay Nmarpa Dependent on Consciousness arise
Mind and Matter.
Nmarpapaccay Sayatana Dependent on Mind and Matter arise
the Six Sense-Bases.
Sayatapaccay Phasso Dependent on the Six Sense-Bases
arises Contact.
Phassapaccay Vedan Dependent on Contact arises
Feeling.
Vedanpaccay Tah Dependent on Feeling arises
Craving.
Tahpaccay Updna Dependent on Craving arises
Clinging.
Updnapaccay Bhavo Dependent on Clinging arises the
Process of Becoming.
Bhavapaccay Jti Dependent on the Process of
Becoming arises Birth.
Jtipaccay Jar-maraa soka-parideva- Dependent on Birth arise
Decay and Death, sorrow, lamenta-
tion,
dukkha-domanassa-upys sambhavanti. pain, grief and despair.
Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandassa samudayo hoti.
Thus arises the wholes mass of suffering.