MBA

Semester III (spring, 2011)

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (891)

MANAGEMENT nd 2 ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (890) S

S

PREPARED BY: SALMANAHMAD KHAN ROLL NO: W588058 PRESENTED TO RESPECTABLE TUTOR: MR. TASSWAR HUSSAIN

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Acknowledgement
In the name of Allah, the most merciful & beneficent I would like to thank Almighty Allah who made me able to complete this assignment by utilizing my skill, behavior & knowledge. I am also thankful for giving me spirit of patience, consistency & courage during my visit of the organization. I am also grateful to the Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) of Islamabad, which provided me a chance to explore my skills, qualities, abilities & potentials through the practical assignment. I am also thankful to my teachers for giving me chance to show the best of my abilities during the period for preparation of assignment. At COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad Campus, I would like to be grateful to Mr. Ahmed Mumtaz, GM (IT) who provided me full opportunity in provision of first hand comprehensive information during my visit. I am also obliged to different persons like Mr. Abdul Rehman Yasir (Web designer/System Administrator) who provided continually information I needed during the course of my completion of assignment. will always be greeted warmth. Thanks to all of them who helped me in completing this project. I am responsible for errors and mistakes presented in this report and a positive and constructive criticism

SALMAN AHMAD KHAN

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (891)

Abstract
A Decision Support System (DSS) is a collection of integrated software applications and hardware that form the backbone of an organizations decision making process. Companies across all industries rely on decision support tools, techniques, and models to help them assess and resolve everyday business questions. The decision support system is data-driven, as the entire process feeds off of the collection and availability of data to analyze. Business Intelligence (BI) reporting tools, processes, and methodologies are key components to any decision support system and provide end users with rich reporting, monitoring, and data analysis. In this report I have choose the CIIT help desk as decision support system. Help Desk is an information and assistance resource designed for the CIIT Faculty and Staff. The purpose of Help Desk is to provide a single point of contact for the employees of CIIT. Help Desk enables employees to submit a query, request for service, and register complaint or feedback. Each user is issued a ticket number bearing a unique request-ID which can be used to monitor and track the status and progress of the action taken by the concerned service provider. I have also collected the sample data and reports from CIIT help desk staff and applied the analysis model on them.

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Table of Contents
S. No.

DISCRIPTION
Introduction to Decision Support System Example of Decision Support System Component of Decision Support System Important Aspects of Decision Support System Decision making characteristics in the Global Business Environment Managers and Decision Support System Capabilities offered by DSS High-level Decision Support System Requirements

Page No.
05 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Practical Study on COMSATS Use of DSS in COMSATS as Help Desk Portal System Data Collection Methods Merits/Strength Demerits/Deficiencies Conclusions & Recommendations References

15 21 30 31 32 33 34

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Information System
An information system is a collection of hardware, software, data, people and procedures that are designed to generate information that supports the day-to- day, short-range, and long-range activities of users in an organization. Information systems generally are classified into five categories: office information systems, transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and expert systems. Information system can be classified as;

Transactional Processing System (TPS)

Management Information System (MIS) Decision Support System (DSS) Expert System (ES)

Here in this assignment the given topic to me is Decision Support System, thats way I explain only DSS.

Decision Support System (DSS)

A decision support system (DSS) is a computer program application that analyzes business data and presents it so that users can make business decisions more easily. It is an "informational application" (to distinguish it from an "operational application" that collects the data in the course of normal business operation). Typical information that a decision support application might gather and present would be:

Comparative sales figures between one week and the next Projected revenue figures based on new product sales assumptions

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (891)

The

consequences

of

different

decision

alternatives,

given

past

experience in a context that is described A decision support system may present information graphically and may include an expert system or artificial intelligence (AI). It may be aimed at business executives or some other group of knowledge workers. Companies across all industries rely on decision support tools, techniques, and models to help them assess and resolve everyday business questions. The decision support system is data-driven, as the entire process feeds off of the collection and availability of data to analyze. Business Intelligence (BI) reporting tools, processes, and methodologies are key components to any decision support system and provide end users with rich reporting, monitoring, and data analysis. DSS provide sophisticated analytical models and data analysis tools to support semi structured and unstructured decision-making activities. DSS use data from TPS, MIS, and external sources, provide more analytical power than other systems, combine data, and are interactive. ESS support senior managers with unstructured strategic-level decision making. They may be less analytical than DSS with less use of models such as linear programming or forecasting. However, they often rely on external data and rely heavily on graphics. A decision support system uses data from internal and/or external sources.

Internal Sources of Data for DSS:

Internal sources of data include sales, manufacturing, inventory or financial data from an organizations database.

External sources of Data for DSS:

External sources of data include interest rates, population trends and cost of new housing construction or raw material pricing.

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Some decision support systems include query language, statistical analysis capabilities, spreadsheets, and graphics that help you extract data and evaluate the results. Some decision support systems also include capabilities that allow you to create a model of the factors affecting a decision. A simple model for determining the best product price, for example, would include factors for the expected sales volume at each price level. With the model, you can ask what-if questions by changing one or more of the factors and viewing the projected results. Many people use application software packages to perform DSS functions. Using spreadsheet software, for example, you can complete simple modeling tasks or what-if scenarios. A special type of DSS, called an executive information system (EIS), is designed to support the information needs of executive management. Information in an EIS is presented in charts and tables that show trends, ratios, and other managerial statistics. Because executives usually focus on strategic issues, EISs rely on external data sources such as the Dow Jones News/Retrieval service or the Internet. These external data sources can provide current information on interest rates, commodity prices, and other leading economic indicators. To store all the necessary decision-making data, DSSs or EISs often use extremely large databases, called data warehouses. A data warehouse stores and manages the data required to analyze historical and current business circumstances.

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Example of Decision Support System

Sales managers typically rely on management information systems to produce sales analysis report. These reports contain sales performance figures by product line, salesperson, sales region, and so on. A decision support system (DSS), however, would also interactively show a sales manager the efforts on sales performance of changes in a variety of factors (e.g., promotion expense and sales person compensation). The DSS could then use several criteria (e.g., expected gross margin and market share) to evaluate and rank alternative combinations of sales performance factors. Following are some examples of DSS-Related software, which are being use by many organizations around the world, they are:

Lotus (groupware, knowledge management software) Outlook Soft (enterprise performance management software) Partek (analysis, inference, modeling) Pilot Software (decision support analysis software) Rocket Software (business intelligence) SAP (enterprise software) SAS (tools for analysis, reporting, presentation, visualization) Hummingbird (BI & knowledge management software)

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Component of Decision Support System

Traditionally, academics and practitioners have discussed building a decision support system (DSS) in terms of four major components: The user interface The database The models and analytical tools, and The DSS architecture and network A component is a distinguishable part of a larger entity.

Component may be implemented with different technologies and each component has a different function or purpose unless redundancy exists in the system. Focusing on technical components can assist in application design and can assist in implementing services to provide all or part of the functionality of a component. A component may be implemented as an independent software package or it may be implemented as a module in a DSS generator or development environment. Identifying needed software components for categories of DSS can enhance reusability and reduce the cost and complexity of building systems. Overall, the traditional list of major technical components remains useful because it helps identify similarities and differences between categories or types of DSS. Also, understanding the technical system components can help managers and information systems analysts build innovative DSS. From a broad system perspective, the DSS user is the key component determining the effectiveness of the DSS. DSS designers need to recognize the important role of the targeted user

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (891) and involve them in customizing components for a specific DSS purpose.

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Important aspects of Decision Support System

1. The most important consideration is the Decision Support System's ease of use - its ability to allow non -technical people to deal with it directly. The single greatest and most enduring problem with computers has been their inflexibility, their inability to let the person who actually needs the data to deal directly with the computer. 2. The ability to access information should not be restricted to only the part of an organization or to only certain managerial or professional groups. Instead the resource should be distributed to all of the people and part of an organization needing it without widespread access; the power of advanced Distributed Processing System will go untapped as they typically have in the past. 3. The ideal Decision Support System in sharp contrast to previous method of designing applications should not be a 'system' at all in the strict sense of the term. Rather, it should be a highly adaptive decision support generator that can easily be used by professionals to quickly design data support prototypes suited to each specific decision-making task. This adaptive tool must allow quick design changes if the original design does not closely match a person's information gathering style or needs. 4. To adequately support the human element, this highly adaptive support capability must be able to provide access to operational data and as well as to summary data that already has been processed by application programs designed for other specific operational tasks. Equally important this tool must provide the professional with access to an organization's raw data and it must allow the access to be accomplished in one step using a single uncomplicated procedure or command and without having to re-key non summary data.
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (891) 5. The organizations need to access original data sometimes because efficiency is related to how well the original data is organized in the system; the Decision Support Generator should be able to interface with a true DBMS. It should also be able to access standard 'flat' files indirectly using the power of the host computer to facilitate both the user interface and data access without changing existing files. 6. The Decision Support Generator should let the user decide whether information should be displayed on the CRT screen for immediate use or whether it should be printed for later use. The best way to accomplish such flexible data presentation is through a work station. The management or professional information workstation would incorporate a keyboard, display screen and an interface to a printer which could print everything from straight text to graphics like pie charts, bar charts and line charts.

Decision making characteristics in the Global Business Environment

Business Strategy/Decision Making Characteristics Multinational: (decentralized federation) Decision making decentralized to subsidiaries, informal relationships between head quarters and subsidiaries. International: (coordinated federation) More vital decision and knowledge in general developed at head quarters and transferred to subsidiaries. Global: (centralized federation) Decisions made at the center knowledge developed and retained at the center Transnational: (integrated network) Decision making and knowledge generation distributed among units.

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Managers and Decision Support System

The daily work of a manager, as hundreds of brief activities of great variety, requiring rapid shifts of attention from one issue to another, very often initiated by emerging problems. A manager maintains a complex web of contacts outside and inside of the organization. A successful manager is not swamped by onslaught of these activities: he or she maintains a personal agenda. Effective manager carve out as it were, their own informal structure within the corporate structure and they use this network to keep themselves informed and influence others. The need for types of information produced by decision support system has always been present. Decision support systems have become popular primarily because of their capability to fill this need. Nowadays availability of the computer hardware, the advent of the Database Management System in the 1970's provided means for storage and management of large amount of data, large increase in number of software packages incorporating the functions of a decision support system.

DSS in the organizational environment:

Organizations that have been the most successful in the implementing DSS have much in common. They have well established, well controlled and well structured data processing system which provides transaction processing data necessary for DSS. Such organizations have spent extra money and personnel necessary to maintain a research and development focus. All the departments in the organization have communicated with central groups of computer. The entire departments have sufficient confidence to initiate and manage systems projects. The central computer groups have several people on its staff that either came
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from all other departments'. Education and training programs are used by the organizations to build mutual understanding between departments and the computer group.

Capabilities offered by DSS:

1. Support decision making in ill-structured situations- in which ,precisely owing to the lack of structure, problem do not lend themselves to full computerization, and yet require computer assistance for access to and processing of voluminous amount of data. 2. Help to rapidly obtain quantities results needed to reach the decision. Operate the ad hoc mode to suit the current needs of the user, as opposed to operating in a generally scheduled fashion as management reporting system do. 3. Support various stages of the decision making process. 4. Foster high-quality decision making by encouraging decisions based on the integration of available information and human judgment. 5. Offer flexibility as opposed to a preordained pattern of use - making it easy to accommodate the particular decision making style of an individuals. 6. Facilitate the implementation of the decisions which frequently cut across department boundaries. 7. Support group decision making particularly through group DSS (GDSS). 8. Give managers the opportunity to gain a better understanding for their business by developing and working with models.

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High-level Decision Support System Requirements

Data collection from multiple sources (sales data, inventory data, supplier data, market research data. etc.) Data formatting and collation A suitable database location and format built for decision support -based reporting and analysis Robust tools and applications to report, monitor, and analyze the data Decision support systems have become critical and ubiquitous across all types of business. In todays global marketplace, it is imperative that companies advantage. respond quickly to market changes. Companies with comprehensive decision support systems have a significant competitive

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PRACTICAL STUDY

COMSATS
Institute of Information Technology Park Road Chak Shahzad, Islamabad

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Introduction to the Organization:

The COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) started its journey in 1998, and established its first campus at Islamabad. In August, 2000 in recognition of CIITs achievements, the Federal Government granted it the status of a Degree Awarding Institute (DAI) thorough promulgation of its charter. The CIIT is slated for up gradation as a university by the name of Comsats University through an Act of the Parliament. The COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), which received its Charter from the Federal Government in August 2000, as a Degree Awarding Institute (DAI) in the public sector. Pursuant to the Federal Government of Pakistans decision, it is slated to be upgraded to the status of a university, more precisely COMSATS University (CU). Being federally established institute, the CIIT currently has six campuses in Islamabad, Lahore, Wah, Abbottabad, Attock, and Sahiwal, while one more campus is coming up at Gujrat. envisage The future plans also opening of more

campuses in the provinces of Sindh and Balochistan, as well as overseas. Currently the CIIT is offering 25 different degree programs in the fields of Information and Communication Technology, Management Sciences, Electrical
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (891) Engineering, and Design. The present student strength is around 9,000 with faculty strength of also nearly 900. The Institute in the short time has already produced high quality graduates numbering more than 3,200, who are serving the nation in the various the callings. Higher Recently, Chemical Engineering, Mathematics, Physics, Bio-sciences,

Development Studies, Environmental Science, Meteorology, and Architecture

Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan has ranked the CIIT at number 7 in terms of research productivity and at number 8 among the Engineering institutions of higher education in the country during 2006.

Vision
The CIIT is dedicated of learning to the search extending for truth through of advancement and the frontiers

knowledge; to the sharing of this knowledge through education in academically diverse disciplines; and to the application of this knowledge to benefit the people of Pakistan, in particular, and the Muslim Ummah and the world, in general.

Mission
The Institutes mission is threefold, i.e. Research and Discovery, Teaching and Learning, and Outreach and Public Service. The CIIT at present comprises of five Faculties and 16 Departments. Presently, 23 under graduate degree programs and 32 graduate programs are
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (891) on offer in which more than 18,000 students are enrolled. There are more than 1,745 faculty members working in CIIT. More than320 faculty members and academic managers holding PhD qualification are currently serving the CIIT. The remaining has MS/M.Phill in relevant fields. CIIT has proudly produced more than 12,000 graduates since its inception in 2000. So far, 33 convocations have been organized in its campuses. More than 420 faculty members are undergoing advanced education leading to MS and PhD degrees and post doctoral research in USA, UK, China, France, etc. The funding for advanced education has come from CIIT Scholarships, HEC Scholarships and Ministry of Science and Technology Scholarships. During the Ten years since its inception, independent entities have evaluated CIIT and the quality of programs it offers, such as the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) and the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge. Undergraduate engineering degree programs of the CIIT have been accredited by the Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC), the accrediting body for engineering education in the country. The Higher Education Commission (HEC) in an exercise for the ranking of institutions of higher education in Pakistan has ranked CIIT at number 8 among the engineering institutions of higher education during 2006. In terms of research citations, the research produced at CIIT has been ranked at number two as notified by HEC in 2008. In terms of research output, CIIT has been consistently ranked at number seven among all the institutions of higher education numbering more than 134 in the country since 2006 until 2009, as notified by HEC, based on Research output in peer-reviewed journals indexed by Thomson-Reuters, the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), Web of Knowledge, and USA CIIT. It further improved its position and rose to number six during 2010. To reward the most productive faculty members, the CIIT management has instituted Cash Awards in 2005 for publication of research Articles by CIIT

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (891) employees, in national & international journals, while COMSATS Institute Medals for Innovation (CIMI) medals were instituted in 2006. These awards include cash plus appreciation of their work. Under Cash Awards series, the total number of research articles published by faculty members in international and local journals is close to1000. Since its inception, the CIIT has been focusing its efforts in establishing professional linkages with prestigious international universities and research & development institutions. Pursuant to such efforts, CIIT has already signed almost four dozen Memoranda of Understandings (MoUs) with reputed institutions throughout the globe. The hallmark of these linkages has been the signing of a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) with University of Illinois, UrbanaChampaign (UIUC), and USA & with Lancaster University, UK to launch a Dual Degree program for its students.

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Administrative Structure of COMSATS University

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Help Desk Portal System

Help Desk Portal System is use in Comsats Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) as a Decision Support System. This system is an information and assistance resource, designed for the CIIT Faculty and Staff. The purpose of Help Desk is to provide a single point of contact for the employees of CIIT. Help Desk enables employees to submit a query, request for service, and register complaint or feedback. Each user is issued a ticket number bearing a unique request-ID which can be used to monitor and track the status and progress of the action taken by the concerned service provider. The reporting interface has also been provided to the Head Service Section to monitor the performance of Individuals. The individuals with greater numbers of queries resolved are eligible for the performance bonus.

Screenshot of CIIT Help Desk Portal System

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HelpDesk Modules
Following are the modules of the HelpDesk system:

1. Faculty/ Staff Module.

2. Service Section Head Module 3. Advisor Service Module 4. Administrative Module
21

1.Faculty/ Staff Module

Following are the options available to the faculty / staff members in helpdesk system. Create Tickets Your Tickets Tickets for your team Statistics Services expected from you. Download Forms Feedback

Create Tickets

1.

Using this option the faculty / staff members can create a ticket to the other service section for their issues / requests. 2. The user provides its location, subject and the ticket details. 3. When the user submit the ticket the system note down the date and time on which it is initiated. 4. After submitting the ticket is sent to the concerned service section 5. Create ticket is just like a sending an email to the other user.

Your Tickets
1. When a user sends a ticket to the other service section, then it comes to the Your Tickets Section 2. Your ticket shows the complete status of the ticket sent and which users have taken action against it. 3. Your Tickets is just like the sent-mail with the difference that it shows the complete history of the ticket. There are four status of the tickets submitted. Open In Progress Pending Resolved
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (891) When the user submits the ticket, the default status of the ticket is open. If the ticket status is open then it means that no action has been taken yet. If the ticket status is In Progress then it means that work is in progress. The ticket status Pending means that it is waiting for other resources. The ticket status Resolved means that the work has been carried out and the ticket is closed.

Tickets for your team

1. Tickets for your team mean the tickets that need your attention. 2. These are the ticket on which the action has to be carried out by respective faculty / staff members. 3. A service has been assigned to a team of two or more faculty / staff member. 4. Each user receives tickets related to the services assigned to him / her. 5. It is just like Inbox on which the action has to be carried out by the receiving user. 6. When an action is taken by the user the system note down the time, date and the user who performed action against it. 7. The user after taking action can change the status of the ticket to Pending, In Progress, and Resolved.

Statistics
1. This section shows the number of the tickets which are Open, Resolved, In Progress and Resolved. 2. This statistics section in faculty / staff modules shows the number of tickets related to that user only. 3. This section also shows the graphical representation of the reports user wise or department wise.

Services expected from you

This section shows the list of services that is assigned to the particular user.

Download Forms
In this section the users can download forms that are required in daily routines like security forms, accounts forms etc. Feedback In this section the user provides its valuable feedback to improve the system functionality

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Screenshot of the Faculty / staff members

2.Service Section Head Module

Following are the options available to service sections heads in helpdesk system. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Create Tickets Your Tickets Tickets for your team Statistics Services expected from you. Download Forms Feedback

All the modules are same as in above module. The difference is in the type of reports that the service section head can view. He can monitor the overall performance of the section staff working under him and can see in which building there are more complains so that he can assign more staff to that building.
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Screenshot of the Head of Concerned Service Section

3.Advisor Services Module

Following are the options available to advisor service in helpdesk system. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Create Tickets Your Tickets Tickets for your team Statistics Services expected from you. Download Forms Feedback

All the modules are same as in above module. The difference is in the type of reports that the service section head can view. He can monitor the overall performance of all the service departments working under him and can see the number of queries resovled each month or day or year.

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Screenshot of Advisor service section

Overall Department wise number of Queries Status

Department Accounts Admission Office Business Incubation Center Computer Science Electrical Engineering Examination Human Resource IT Centre Library Management Science Office of Development Physics Repair and Maintenance Office Security Section Services No of Queries In Progress No of Queries Open No of Queries Pending No of Queries Resolved 2 1 13 3 1 4 1 2 43 6 2 1 9 2 1 6 10 9

1 4

12 2 1

15

1 1 3

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(Figure-1.1)

The above graphical report (in figure-1.1) shows that the IT Centre is the most
active section who is dealing frequently with the user queires. Electrical engineering department has three pending queries and IT Centre have only one query pending. The system also shows the number of queries resolved by an individual staff member.

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Using Decision Support System

What if Analysis
Figure 1.1 shows the number of complaints received from different buildings. Following are the findings from the report. 1. The report shows that there are more complains received from IT Centre and Services with respect to other buildings. 2. It also shows that the maximum numbers of complains are of network services. 3. Since network services are maintained from Network operation Centre (NOC). Thus reaffirming the staff number and training would help minimize the number of complaints received.

Goal Seek Analysis

The goal is to minimize the number of complaints regarding network services. I surveyed the CIIT in order to find what is the root cause of the network complains. On interviewing with NOC team I come up with the following points. 1. The load shedding is the main cause of the network failure occurrence. 2. The generators are functional but many times they mostly dont have enough fuel to run. 3. Lack of general understanding of general user to follow the directions given by NOC room team. 4. Non-availability of N+1 backup scheme. In order to achieve the goal following things should be done for smooth running of network services. 1. Generator should be automatically turned on and fuel must be provided on time. 2. Initiating more and more trainings of general end users so that minor problems could be handled by end user himself. 3. Better backup implementation plan.
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Sensitivity Analysis
While interviewing the NOC team; I found that the potential reasons for the network failure are followings. 1. Power failures 2. In-efficient use of available bandwidth The above two factors are very critical and sensitive and must be addressed for the smooth running of the network service. E-g; in the morning more bandwidth should be available because the traffic load in the morning is more than the evening. Following should be done for the smooth running of network operations. 1. Network traffic should be properly managed. 2. Power backup should be provided so that the devices may not get malfunction.

Optimization Analysis
1. Statistical analysis should be performed to obtain specific time of the day

when traffic load is maximum. 2. Dedicated hardware to implement major services like DNS, proxy server and firewall etc. 3. Implement network traffic load balancing.

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Data Collection Method

The data was collected primarily from the three sources. Basically we collected quantitative data:

Internet. Book Collecting the information from CIIT administrative staff Islamabad.

Primary data:
The information collected from the CIIT administrative staff was the sample help desk data, sample reports and graphical reports. After collecting the sample data the analysis was done on the provided data which is discussed in this report.

Secondary data:
The secondary data was collected from the book and the internet. The data was given a meaningful form after collecting the raw data from the book and the internet.

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Merits/Strength
The Decision Supports System (DSS) of CIIT shows the complete overall

performance of the service sections. Every service section can monitor the performance of staff working under him. The advisor service section can monitor the performance of all service sections and their staff working under them. The system also shows the number of queries resolved by individual faculty / staff members. The system can also tell which building has greater number of network issue so to effectively manage the resource persons. The individual performance of the faculty staff members are used in CRC meeting for contract renewal or award of performance bonus.
All complete history of the ticket can be seen like when it was initiated,

how many people took part in resolving that issue.

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Demerits/Deficiencies
When the system is transparent every ones performance is

exposed of. So no one will want to run this system. Due to load shedding problem power backup are required like UPS,

generator. Providing training to staff. Proper backups of database should be maintained. The system runs on Internet if the internet is down than there will

be delay in processing of new request. In-efficient use of bandwidth available.

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Conclusions
Decision system is the need of the time and must be implemented in the organization. Decision supports system help the manager to make right

decisions at the right time. If the decision support is implemented properly than the managers

can take decision at any time. Decision supports system provides the transparent information Decision support system is must for right decision at the right time

at the right place by the right person.

Recommendations
A culture should be developed so that the people use it more efficiently and effectively. Proper power back up should be provided for smooth running of

the system. Proper bandwidth should be allocated to the system so that the

system may run without any interruption. Network load balancing should be done properly.

Statistical analysis should be performed to obtain specific time of the day when traffic load is maximum.
PREPARED BY: SALMAN AHMAD KHAN ROLL NO: W-588058

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (891) Dedicated hardware to implement major services like DNS, proxy server and firewall etc. Training should be provided to the faculty / staff.

References
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. GM-IT Mr. Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan Mr. Abdul Rehman Yasir (ITC Department of CIIT) Mr. Jawad Bashir - (ITC Department of CIIT) Mr. Muhammad Hassan Altaf - (ITC Department of CIIT) CIIT Website: www.ciit.edu.pk CIIT Help Desk: http://ww3.comsats.edu.pk/helpdesk

PREPARED BY: SALMAN AHMAD KHAN ROLL NO: W-588058

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