AERO2359: Introduction to Aerospace Structures

Assignment 1: Introduction to Aircraft Structures

Due date: Fri 16 Mar 2012, 9:00 PM, submitted online at myRMIT. Individual assignment: One per student. Marks awarded for ANSWERS only. Use solutions template to enter in results and follow instructions provided in template file. Question 0: Your student number is used to assign the values of a and b. Use the tables below with the last (n) and second last digit (m) of your student number to assign values to a and b respectively.

Last digit n n a 0 7.0 1 7.2 2 7.4 3 7.6 4 7.8 5 8.0 6 8.2 7 8.4 8 8.6 9 8.8

Second last digit m m b 0 1.5 1 1.55 2 1.6 3 1.65 4 1.7 5 1.75 6 1.8 7 1.85 8 1.8 9 1.95

e.g.: Student number 2308705, a = 8.0 (from n = 5), b = 1.5 (from m = 0).

Question 1 (40%) For the following cross-sections and axes shown (all dimensions are in mm): Calculate the centroid location, xc, yc, as a coordinate in X*Y* axes located at the origin O. Calculate Ix, Iy, Ixy (in mm4) in the centroid coordinate system (XY axes) Calculate Imax, Imin (in mm4) and (in degrees), the angle between the XY and principle axes. Q1 (a), (b) and (c) use different methods for determining the section properties above.

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(a) Use the complete cross-section dimensions 2a 4a 2b Y* 6a b b

X* O 8a

4b

(b) Use concentrated areas: any concentrated area has no self-moment of inertia. Provide two sets of answers: (i) include the properties of the thin-wall segments (using thin-wall assumptions) (ii) ignore the properties of the thin-wall segments t=b A1 A2 A1 = 40b mm2 Y* t = 4b O X* A3 10a (c) Use thin-wall assumptions: use segment centrelines and ignore higher powers of t (t2, t3, etc.) (i) (ii) A4 t = 2b 15a A2 = 40b mm2 A3 = 100b mm2 A4 = 100b mm2

2a

4a

2.5a

t = 2b 6a t=b t=b t = 4b O 8a

Y*

t = b TYP

3a 8a

X* O 5a 60

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Question 2 (30%) The beam below is loaded with two shear forces 2P at (L,0,-e) and P at (b,0,0), a positive moment about the x axis Mx = A at (b,e,0), a negative moment about the z axis Mz = B at (a,0,0), and a distributed load as shown.

y b a c

Mx = A
z x d e

Mz = B
L

P 2P

State whether each statement is true (T) or false (F) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) The shear force at the origin is 3P + The shear force is linearly increasing from the beam tip to (L-d, 0, -e) The shear force is constant from the origin to (b,0,0) The bending moment at the beam tip is B The bending moment at (b,0,-e) is (2P + d) (L - b) The bending moment is linearly increasing from (b,0,0) to (a,0,0)

(vii) The torsion moment at the beam tip is A (viii) The torsion moment is constant from the origin to (b,0,0) (ix) (x) The torsion moment at the origin is 2P e + d e + A The distributed load causes shear and bending but not torsion

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Question 3 (30%) Answer the following short-answer questions (a) (i) State the number of significant figures in the following numbers: 87.10 (ii) 5,000 (iii) 400 103 (iv) 2.070

(b) (i)

State whether each statement is true (T) or false (F) For a beam of homogenous density, the centroid and centre of gravity are always equal Shear modulus and pressure have the same units in imperial unit systems

(ii)

(iii) 1 lbf = 1 lbm 1 ft/s2 (iv) The product moment of inertia Ixy is found by multiplying Ix and Iy (v) A pin-supported structure has unrestrained rotations at the support locations (vi) The shear force diagram is always the slope of the bending moment diagram (vii) The first and second moments of inertia about x, Qx and Ix, can be negative numbers (viii)

ye xy = y 2 e xy x

(c) Convert the following to the specified ( length // mass // time ) unit system, using the values of a and b from Question 0 SI Imperial (ft // slug // s) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 2a kN 40b m/s
2

Imperial SI ( mm // tonne // s) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) 5a ft-lbf 1500b in2 10a lbs 40b ksi 40b Msi

37a MPa 4a 108 mm4 200a N mm

(d) (i)

State whether each statement is true (T) or false (F) The tangent stiffness of a metal is the slope of the stress-strain curve Unloading a metal before reaching ultimate stress prevents permanent deformation

(ii)

(iii) Typical metals do not exhibit elastic-plastic behaviour in shear (iv) Sandwich materials are rarely used on aircraft structures (v) Sandwich materials typically have low weight but poor bending stiffness (vi) Fibre-reinforced composites typically have low weight but poor impact resistance (vii) The maximum principal and shear stresses occur in different coordinate systems (viii) The state of stress for any material point is dependent on the coordinate system used

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