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VI-ENG-Q306-293
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Contents
Preface
11
GettingStarted
1 VMwareInfrastructureComponents 17
TwoApproachestoManagingVirtualMachines 17 ComponentsofVMwareInfrastructure 19 VirtualInfrastructureClientInterfaces 21 OptionalVirtualCenterComponents 21 ManagedComponents 22 FunctionalComponents 24 AccessPrivilegesComponents 25
2 UsingthisDocument 27
GettingStarted 27 VirtualMachineManagement SystemAdministration 29 Appendixes 29 28
3 StartingandStoppingtheVMwareInfrastructureComponents 31
ESXServer 31 VirtualCenterServer 33 VerifyingThatVirtualCenterServerStarted 33 RestartingtheVirtualCenterServer 34 StoppingtheVirtualCenterServer 34 VIClient 34 StartingtheVIClientandLoggingOn 35 StoppingtheVIClientandLoggingOff 36 VIWebAccess 36 LoggingInandOutofVIWebAccess 36 VMwareServiceConsole 37
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4 UsingtheVIClient 41
VIClientOverview 41 MenuBar 43 PopUpMenus 45 ConsoleMenu 45 NavigationBar 46 InventoryViewTabs 49 Toolbar 52 StatusBar,RecentTasks,andTriggeredAlarms 53 PanelSections 53 SortingandFilteringLists 54 UsingCustomAttributes 55 SelectingandViewingObjects 57 SelectingObjects 57 MonitoringObjects 58 PerformingActionsonObjects 59
5 SystemConfiguration 61
HostConfigurationforESXServerandVirtualCenter 61 ConfiguringaHost 62 HardwareTab 62 SoftwareTab 63 ViewingNetworkConfigurationInformation 64 ViewingStorageConfigurationInformation 64 ViewingSecurityConfigurationInformation 64 ViewingESXServerCommandInformation 65 VirtualCenterConfiguration 66 ConfiguringVirtualCenterCommunication 68 ConfiguringthePortThatVirtualCenterServerUses 69 ConfiguringVirtualCenterCommunicationoveraWebConnection 69 VirtualMachineConfiguration 71 WorkingwithActiveSessions 73 SNMPConfiguration 74 UsingMIBswithYourSNMPTraps 74 UnderstandingSNMPTrapandVariableDefinitions 75 UsingSNMPtoMonitortheComputerRunningESXServer 77
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Contents
InformationAboutthePhysicalComputer 77 InformationAbouttheVirtualMachines 78 SNMPTraps 78 SettingUpESXServerSNMP 79 InstallingtheESXServerSNMPModule 79 InstallingtheESXServerMIBModule 79 ConfiguringtheESXServerAgentfromtheServiceConsole 79 ConfiguringSNMPTrapDestinations 80 ConfiguringSNMPManagementClientSoftware 80 ConfiguringSNMPSecurity 81 UsingSNMPwithGuestOperatingSystems 81 SystemLogFiles 81 ViewingSystemLogEntries 82 ExternalSystemLogs 83 ExportingDiagnosticData 86 CollectingLogFiles 87
6 ManagingtheVIClientInventory 91
UnderstandingVIClientObjects 91 AddinganInventoryObject 96 MovingObjectsintheInventory 97 RemovinganInventoryObject 98
7 ManagingHostsinVirtualCenter 99
HostsOverview 99 UnderstandingHostStates 101 AddingaHost 101 ConnectingorDisconnectingaHost 104 AutomaticallyReconnectingaHost 106 RemovingaHostfromaCluster 106 RemovingaHostfromVirtualCenter 108 HostAdvancedConfigurationOptions 110
VirtualMachineManagement
8 CreatingVirtualMachines 113
UsingtheNewVirtualMachineWizard 114 CreatingTypicalVirtualMachines 115
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CreatingCustomVirtualMachines 121 MappingaSANLUN 130 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystem 132 InstallingandUpgradingVMwareTools 133 Limitations 133 VMwareToolsPropertiesDialogBox 135 OptionsTab 135 DevicesTab 136 ScriptsTab 136 AboutTab 138 AutomatedVMwareToolsUpgrades 138
9 ManagingVirtualMachines 141
ChangingVirtualMachinePowerStates 141 UnderstandingVirtualMachinePowerStates 142 UnderstandingTransitionalPowerStates 144 ManuallyPoweringaVirtualMachineOnandOff 144 UsingSuspendandResume 145 SchedulingaPowerStateChangeforaVirtualMachine 146 AddingandRemovingVirtualMachines 150 AddingExistingVirtualMachinestoVirtualCenter 150 RemovingandReturningVirtualMachinesfromVirtualCenter 151 ReturningaVirtualMachinetoVirtualCenter 152 StartingandShuttingDownVirtualMachines 155
10 ConfiguringVirtualMachines 159
VirtualMachinePropertiesEditor 159 ChangingtheHardwareConfigurationofaVirtualMachine ChangingVirtualMachineOptions 170 ChangingVirtualMachineResourceSettings 175 CPUResources 175 AdvancedCPUSettings 176 MemoryResources 178 DiskResources 179 ChangingtheAudioConfiguration 180 AddingNewHardware 181 AddingDVD/CDROMorFloppyDevices 183 160
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Contents
11 CustomizingGuestOperatingSystems 189
PreparingforGuestCustomization 190 CustomizingaWindowsGuestOperatingSystem 190 UsingtheCustomizationSpecificationWizard 196 UsingtheCloneVirtualMachineWizard 199 CompletingaGuestOperatingSystemCustomization 200 CompletingLinuxGuestOperatingSystemCustomization 200 CompletingWindowsGuestOperatingSystemCustomization 201
12 WorkingwithTemplatesandClones 203
UnderstandingTemplates 203 CreatingTemplates 204 EditingaTemplate 208 DeployingVirtualMachinesfromTemplates 209 DeletingaTemplate 212 RegainingTemplates 213 CloninganExistingVirtualMachine 215 CreatingaScheduledTasktoCloneaVirtualMachine
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13 UsingSnapshots 221
UnderstandingSnapshots 221 RelationshipBetweenSnapshots 222 SnapshotsandOtherActivityintheVirtualMachine 223 TakingaSnapshot 223 ChangingDiskModetoExcludeVirtualDisksfromSnapshots 225 UsingtheSnapshotManager 226 RestoringaSnapshot 227 ParentSnapshot 228 Revert toSnapshotCommand 229
14 MigratingVirtualMachines 231
Overview 231 Migration 233 MigrationwithVMotion 233 VMotionRequirements 234 SharedStorage 234 SharedVMFSVolumeorNASStorage CPUCompatibility 234 NetworkingRequirements 236
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SystemAdministration
15 ManagingUsers,Groups,Permissions,andRoles 247
AccessElements 248 AccessRules 248 HierarchicalInheritance 249 MultiplePermissionSettings 249 TasksRequiringSettingsonMultipleObjects 250 Users 251 Groups 253 Permissions 254 Roles 254 CreatingRoles 257 CloningRoles 259 EditingRoles 260 RemovingRoles 261 RenamingRoles 262 AccessPermissions 262 AssigningAccessPermissions 263 AdjustingtheSearchListinLargeDomains 266 ChangingAccessPermissions 267 RemovingAccessPermissions 268
16 MonitoringYourVmwareInfrastructureEnvironment 269
MonitoringYourVMwareInfrastructureEnvironment PerformanceCharts 270 PerformanceChartResources 270 PerformanceChartView 271 SelectingPerformanceChartOptions 271 ViewingStackedGraphs 273 SettingtheStatisticsCollectionIntervals 274 ChangingtheStatisticsCollectionLevel 276 Maps 276 GlobalMaps 277 InventoryMaps 277
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Contents
VMotionResourceMaps 277 MapElementsandIcons 279 ViewingtheMaps 280 EditingtheMaps 280 PrintingMaps 284 ExportingMaps 285 NavigatingBetweenMaps 286 DisplayingObjectMenusinMaps 286
17 ManagingTasks,Events,andAlarms 289
ManagingTasks 289 UnderstandingTasks 290 ViewingandPerformingTasks 290 ManagingScheduledTasks 293 ReschedulingaScheduledTask 300 RemovingaScheduledTask 300 CancelingaTask 301 ManagingEvents 303 ViewingAllEventMessages 303 ViewingSelectedEventMessages 305 SortingandFilteringEventMessages 306 ExportingEventMessages 307 ManagingAlarms 308 UnderstandingAlarms 309 PreparingforEmailMessageSMTPAlarmNotification 311 PreparingforSNMPAlarmNotification 312 CreatingAlarms 314 EditingAlarms 320 RemovingAlarms 321
Appendixes
A DefinedPrivileges 325
AlarmManagement 326 Datacenter 327 Datastore 327 Folders 328 Global 329 HostConfiguration 330
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HostInventory 331 HostLocalOperations 332 Network 333 Performance 333 Permissions 334 Resource 334 ScheduledTask 336 Sessions 336 VirtualMachineConfiguration 337 VirtualMachineInteraction 339 VirtualMachineInventory 340 VirtualMachineProvisioning 341 VirtualMachineState 342
Index 357
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Preface
AboutThisBookonpage 11 TechnicalSupportandEducationResourcesonpage 13
Revision History
Thismanualisrevisedwitheachreleaseoftheproductorwhennecessary.Arevised versioncancontainminorormajorchanges.Table P1providesyouwiththerevision historyofthismanual.
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Intended Audience
Theinformationpresentedinthismanualiswrittenforsystemadministratorswhoare experiencedWindowsorLinuxsystemadministratorsandwhoarefamiliarwith virtualmachinetechnologyanddatacenteroperations.
Document Feedback
Ifyouhavecommentsaboutthisdocumentation,submityourfeedbackto: docfeedback@vmware.com
Conventions
Table P2illustratesthetypographicconventionsusedinthismanual. Table P-2. Conventions Used in This Manual
Style Blue(onlineonly) Blueboldface(onlineonly) Blackboldface Monospace Monospace bold Elements Crossreferencesandemailaddresses Links Userinterfaceelementssuchasbuttonnamesandmenuitems Commands,filenames,directories,andpaths Userinput
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Preface
Self-Service Support
UsetheVMwareTechnologyNetwork(VMTN)forselfhelptoolsandtechnical information:
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Usergroupshttp://www.vmware.com/vcommunity/usergroups.html
FormoreinformationabouttheVMwareTechnologyNetwork,goto http://www.vmtn.net.
Support Offerings
FindouthowVMwaresupportofferingscanhelpmeetyourbusinessneeds.Goto http://www.vmware.com/support/services.
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Getting Started
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ThefigurebelowillustratesthecomponentsinanESXServerVirtualInfrastructure.
VI Client VI Client
Host Agent
VM
VM
VM
datastore
Figure 1-1. VMware Infrastructure Components with an ESX Server ThefigurebelowillustratesthecomponentsinaVirtualCenterServerVirtual Infrastructure.
VI Client VI Client VI Client VI Client VI Client
VirtualCenter Server
VC database
VirtualCenter Agent
VirtualCenter Agent
VirtualCenter Agent
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
datastore
shared datastore
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ESXServerThevirtualizationplatformusedtocreatethevirtualmachinesasa setofconfigurationanddiskfilesthattogetherperformallthefunctionsofa physicalmachine. ThroughESXServer,yourunthevirtualmachines,installoperatingsystems,run applications,andconfigurethevirtualmachines.Configurationincludes identifyingthevirtualmachinesresources,suchasstoragedevices. Theserverincorporatesaresourcemanagerandserviceconsolethatprovides bootstrapping,management,andotherservicesthatmanageyourvirtual machines. EachESXServerhasaVIClientavailableforyourmanagementuse.IfyourESX ServerisaregisteredhostwiththeVirtualCenterManagementServer,aVIClient thataccommodatestheVirtualCenterfeaturesisavailable.
VirtualCenterAservicethatactsasacentraladministratorforVMwareESX Serverhoststhatareconnectedonanetwork.VirtualCenterdirectsactionsonthe virtualmachinesandthevirtualmachinehosts(theESXServerhosts). VirtualCenterManagementServer(VirtualCenterServer)Theworkingcoreof VirtualCenter.VirtualCenterServerisasingleWindowsServiceandisinstalledto runautomatically.AsaWindowsService,theVirtualCenterServerruns continuouslyinthebackground,performingitsmonitoringandmanaging activitiesevenwhennoVIClientsareconnectedandevenifnobodyisloggedon tothecomputerwhereitresides.Itmusthavenetworkaccesstoallthehostsit managesandbeavailablefornetworkaccessfromanymachinewheretheVI Clientisrun. VirtualCenterdatabaseApersistentstorageareaformaintainingstatusofeach virtualmachine,host,andusermanagedintheVirtualCenterenvironment.The VirtualCenterdatabasecanberemoteorlocaltotheVirtualCenterServermachine. ThedatabaseisinstalledandconfiguredduringVirtualCenterinstallation. IfyouareaccessingyourESXServerdirectlythroughaVIClient,andnotthrough aVirtualCenterServerandassociatedVIClient,youdonotuseaVirtualCenter database.
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arrays)andprovideauniformmodelforvariousstorageproductsrequiredby virtualmachines.
VirtualCenteragentOneachmanagedhost,softwarethatcollects, communicates,andexecutestheactionsreceivedfromtheVirtualCenterServer. TheVirtualCenteragentisinstalledthefirsttimeanyESXServerhostisaddedto theVirtualCenterinventory. HostagentOneachmanagedhost,softwarethatcollects,communicates,and executestheactionsreceivedthroughtheVIClient.ItisinstalledaspartoftheESX Serverinstallation. VirtualCenterlicenseserverServerthatstoressoftwarelicensesrequiredfor mostoperationsinVirtualCenterandESXServer,suchaspoweringonavirtual machine. VirtualCenterandESXServersupporttwomodesoflicensing:license serverbasedandhostbased.Inhostbasedlicensingmode,thelicensefilesare storedonindividualESXServerhosts.Inlicenseserverbasedlicensingmode, licensesarestoredonalicenseserver,whichmakestheselicensesavailabletoone ormorehosts.Youcanrunamixedenvironmentemployingbothhostbasedand licenseserverbasedlicensing. VirtualCenterandfeaturesthatrequireVirtualCenter,suchasVMotion,mustbe licensedinlicenseserverbasedmode.ESXServerspecificfeaturescanbelicensed ineitherlicenseserverbasedorhostbasedmode. Forcompleteinformationoninstallingthesecomponents,refertotheInstallation andUpgradeGuide.ForcompleteinformationonconfiguringESXServer,referto theServerConfigurationGuide.
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VMotionAfeaturethatenablesyoutomoverunningvirtualmachinesfromone ESXServertoanotherwithoutserviceinterruption.Itrequireslicensingonboth thesourceandtargethost.TheVirtualCenterServercentrallycoordinatesall VMotionactivities. VMwareHAAfeaturethatenablesaclusterwithHighAvailability.Ifahostgoes down,allvirtualmachinesthatwereonthehostarepromptlyrestartedon differenthosts. WhenyouenabletheclusterforHA,youspecifythenumberofhostsyouwould liketobeabletorecover.Ifyouspecifythenumberofhostfailuresallowedas1, HAmaintainsenoughcapacityacrosstheclustertotoleratethefailureofonehost. Allrunningvirtualmachinesonthathostcanberestartedonremaininghosts.By default,youcannotpoweronavirtualmachineifdoingsoviolatesrequired failovercapacity.SeeResourceManagementGuide.
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Managed Components
VirtualCentermonitorsandmanagesvariouscomponentsofyourvirtualandphysical infrastructure.Somecomponentsareavailablefororganizingpotentiallyhundredsof virtualmachinesandotherobjects.Theycanberenamedtorepresenttheirpurposes; forexample,theycanbenamedaftercompanydepartmentsorlocationsorfunctions. Themanagedcomponentsare:
VirtualMachinesandTemplatesAvirtualizedx86personalcomputer environmentinwhichaguestoperatingsystemandassociatedapplication softwarecanrun.Multiplevirtualmachinescanoperateonthesamemanagedhost machineconcurrently.Templatesareadesignatedtypeofvirtualmachine. HostsTheprimarycomponentuponwhichallvirtualmachinesreside.Ifthe VirtualInfrastructureClientisconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,therecanbe manyhosts.IftheVirtualInfrastructureClientisconnectedtoanESXServer,there canbeonlyonehost. WhenVirtualCenterreferstoahost,thismeansthephysicalmachineonwhichthe virtualmachinesarerunning.AllvirtualmachineswithintheVMware InfrastructureenvironmentarephysicallyonESXServerhosts.Thetermhostin thismanualmeanstheESXServerhostthathasvirtualmachinesonit. ResourcepoolsAstructurethatallowsdelegationofcontrolovertheresources ofahost.Resourcepoolsareusedtocompartmentalizeallresourcesinacluster. Youcancreatemultipleresourcepoolsasdirectchildrenofahostorclusterand
NOTE
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ClustersAcollectionofESXServerhostswithsharedresourcesandashared managementinterface.Whenyouaddahosttoacluster,thehostsresources becomepartoftheclustersresources.Theclustermanagestheresourcesofall hosts.RefertotheResourceManagementGuide. DatastoresVirtualrepresentationsofcombinationsofunderlyingphysical storageresourcesinthedatacenter.Thesephysicalstorageresourcescancome fromthelocalSCSIdiskoftheserver,theFibreChannelSANdiskarrays,theiSCSI SANdiskarrays,orNetworkAttachedStorage(NAS)arrays. NetworksNetworksthatconnectvirtualmachinestoeachotherinthevirtual environmentortothephysicalnetworkoutside. FoldersContainersusedtogroupobjectsandorganizethemintohierarchies. Thisisnotonlyconvenientbutalsoprovidesanaturalstructureuponwhichto applypermissions. Therearethreetypesoffolders,eachofwhichcancontainotherfolders(ofthe sametype)andexactlyoneothertypeofobject.Theseobjectsare:
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Functional Components
Thefunctionalcomponentsmonitorandmanagetasks.Thefunctionalcomponentsare availablethroughanavigationbuttonbarintheVIClient.Theoptionsare:
InventoryAviewofallthemonitoredobjectsinVirtualCenter.Monitored objectsincludedatacenters,resourcepools,clusters,networks,datastores, templates,hosts,andvirtualmachines. ScheduledtasksAlistofactivitiesandameanstoschedulethoseactivities.This isavailablethroughVirtualCenterServeronly. EventsAlistofalltheeventsthatoccurintheVirtualCenterenvironment.Use theNavigationoptiontodisplayalltheevents.Useanobjectspecificpanelto displayonlytheeventsrelativetothatobject. AdminAlistofenvironmentlevelconfigurationoptions.TheAdminoption providesconfigurationaccesstoRoles,Sessions,Licenses,Diagnostics,and SystemLogs.WhenconnectedtoanESXServer,onlytheRolesoptionappears. MapsAvisualrepresentationofthestatusandstructureoftheVMware Infrastructureenvironmentandtherelationshipsbetweenmanagedobjects.This includeshosts,networks,virtualmachines,anddatastores.Thisisavailableonly throughVirtualCenterServer.
VariousinformationlistsaregeneratedandtrackedbyyourVirtualInfrastructure Clientactivity:
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LogsStoredreferenceinformationrelatedtoselectedeventmessages.Logsare predefinedintheproduct.Youcanconfigurewhetherselectedlogsaregenerated.
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Getting Started
Theintroductorydiscussionspanssevenchaptersanddescribesthesystem components,systemmanagementtools,andthebasictasksyoumustcompleteto configureyourVirtualInfrastructureClient.Theintroductorypartcontainsthe followingchapters:
UsingthisDocumentSummarizesthecontentsofthisguidesothatyoucanfind theinformationyouneed.
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VMwareInfrastructureComponentsIntroducesyoutotheVMware Infrastructurecomponentsandoperationsyouusewhenmanagingyourvirtual machinesthroughESXServerorVirtualCenterServer. StartingandStoppingtheVMwareInfrastructureComponentsDescribeshowto startandstopeachoftheVMwareInfrastructurecomponents.Thisincludesthe ESXServer,VirtualCenterServer,VirtualInfrastructureClient,Virtual InfrastructureWebAccess,VirtualCenterhostagent,VirtualCenterlicenseserver, andtheVMwareServiceConsole. UsingtheVIClientDescribesthespecificlayoutandnavigationoftheVIClient. SystemConfigurationContainsinformationforconfiguringadministration options,VirtualCenterServersettings,andmanaginghostconfigurationoptions. Italsoincludessomebasicsystemconfigurationinformation,suchashowto accessandconfigurelogfilesandsetupSNMP. ManagingtheVIClientInventoryDescribeshowtoperformtaskswithobjectsin yourVMwareInfrastructureenvironment.Thisincludesfolders,datacenters, clusters,resourcepools,networks,anddatastores.Theseobjectsareusedto manageororganizethemonitoredandmanagedhostsandvirtualmachines. ManagingHostsinVirtualCenterDescribeshowtoperformmanaged hostrelatedtasks.
CreatingVirtualMachinesDescribeshowtocreatevirtualmachinesbyusingthe NewVirtualMachinewizardandbycloningexistingvirtualmachines. ManagingVirtualMachinesDescribesvirtualmachinetasks,includingaddinga virtualmachinetoandremovingitfromtheVIClientandpoweringonandoff virtualmachines. ConfiguringVirtualMachinesDescribeshowtoeditandconfigureyourexisting virtualmachines.Italsodiscussesadvancedvirtualmachineconfiguration options. UsingSnapshotsExplainshowtocapturetheentirestateofthevirtualmachine usingthesnapshotsfeature. WorkingwithTemplatesandClonesDescribescreatingtemplatesandusing virtualmachinetemplatestocreateandprovisionnewvirtualmachines.
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System Administration
Thesystemadministrationpartcontainsthefollowingchapters:
Appendixes
BasicSystemAdministrationprovidesthesefourappendixeswithspecialized informationyoumightfindusefulwhenconfiguringyourVMwareInfrastructure environment:
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ESX Server
WhenyouinstallESXServer,itstartsitselfthroughtheinstallationrebootprocess.If yourESXServerisshutdown,youmustmanuallyrestartit. To start your ESX Server OnthephysicalboxwheretheESXServerisinstalled,pressthepowerbuttonuntilthe poweronsequencebegins. TheESXServerboots,discoversitsvirtualmachines,andproceedswithitsnormalESX Serverfunctions. Youhavetheoptiontopowerofforrestart(reboot)anyESXServerhostmanagedby VirtualCenter.PoweringoffamanagedhostdisconnectsitfromtheVirtualCenter Serverbutdoesnotremoveitfromtheinventory.
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To reboot or shut down your ESX Server 1 StartaVirtualInfrastructureClient. RefertoConfiguringVirtualCenterCommunicationonpage 68forinformation. 2 3 DisplaytheinventorypanelandtheappropriateESXServerhosts. IfconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,displaytheinventorys:Hosts&Clusters panel.Selecttheappropriaterootfolder(bydefaultlabeledHosts&Clusters)or subfolder. SelecttheappropriateESXServerintheinventorypanel. Fromthemainorrightclickpopupmenu,chooseRebootorShutDown,as appropriate.
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Provideareasonfortheshutdown. Thisinformationisaddedtothelog.
To manually stop your ESX Server 1 LogontoyourESXServerserviceconsole. RefertoConnectingtotheServiceConsoleonpage 38forinformationon accessingtheserviceconsole. 2 Executetheshutdowncommand. Forexample:
: shutdown -h now
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VirtualCenter Server
VirtualCentermanagesmultiplehoststhatcancontainmultiplevirtualmachines.To performanyactivitieswiththeVirtualCenter,youmustusetheVirtualInfrastructure Client. TheVirtualCenterServerstartswhenyoustarttheWindowsmachineonwhichitis installed.Italsorestartswhenthismachineisrebooted. ThefollowingsectionsdiscussstartingandstoppingelementsrelatedtoVirtualCenter:
NOTE
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VI Client
TheVirtualInfrastructureClientisusedtologontoeitheraVirtualCenterServeroran ESXServer.EachserversupportsmultipleVIClientlogons.TheVIClientcanbe installedonanymachinethathasnetworkaccesstotheVirtualCenterServeroranESX server. Bydefault,administratorsareallowedtologontoaVirtualCenterServer. Administratorsherearedefinedtobeeither:
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3 4 5 6
LaunchtheVIClient. DoubleclickashortcutorchoosetheapplicationthroughStart>Programs> VMware>VMwareVirtualInfrastructureClient2. Logontothedesiredserver. Enterorchoosetheservername,yourusername,andyourpasswordforthat server.ClickLogIntocontinue. OnlypreviouslytypedserversappearintheServerpulldownlist. IfthisisthefirsttimeyouhaveloggedontotheVirtualCenterServer,anempty Inventoryscreenappears.Addadatacenterandhosttobeginmonitoringand managingyourvirtualmachinesthroughtheVirtualInfrastructureClient.Referto ManagingtheVIClientInventoryonpage 91foradditionalinformation.
NOTE
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VI Web Access
VI WebAccessistheWebinterfacethroughwhichyoucanmanageyourvirtual machines.VI WebAccessisinstalledwhenyouinstallESXServer.AswiththeVI Client,VIWebAccesscaneitherbeusedtoconnectdirectlytoanESXServerorto VirtualCenter.ThefunctionalityofVI WebAccessisasubsetofVIClientfunctionality. TheVI WebAccessconsoleprovidesaremotemousekeyboardscreen(MKS)forthe virtualmachines.Youcaninteractwithaguestoperatingsystemrunninginavirtual machineandconnectremotelytothevirtualmachinesmouse,keyboard,andscreen. ForinformationonhowtouseVI WebAccesstoconfigurevirtualmachinesforESX ServerandVirtualCenter,seetheVirtualInfrastructureWebAccessAdministratorsGuide.
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TheVIWebAccessloginpageappears.
Theloginpagecontainsfieldsforyourusernameandpassword.Thisusername andpasswordarethesamecredentialsyouwoulduseifyouconnectedusingthe VIClient.Also,thesamepermissionsareusedtodetermineifausercanviewand manipulateobjects.VI WebAccessdoesnothaveitsownconceptofusersor permissions. 3 Typeyourusernameandpassword,andclickLogIn. TheVI WebAccesshomepageappears. AfteryourusernameandpasswordareauthorizedbyVI WebAccess,theVI Web Accesshomepageappears.TheVI WebAccesshomepagecontains:
To log out of VI Web Access ClicktheLogOutlinkfoundatthecornerofeverypage.Youarepromptedtoconfirm thatyouwanttologout. NOTE IfyouareusinganyremoteclientdevicesthroughVI WebAccess,theyare disconnectedwhenyoulogout.
nonscriptedactivities,includingconfiguring,monitoring,andmanagingyourvirtual machinesandresources.
: man <command>
Foradditionalinformationoncommands,refertothefollowingresources:
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VI Client Overview
TheVirtualInfrastructureClientadaptstotheserveritisconnectedto.WhentheVI ClientisconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,theVIClientdisplaysalltheoptions availabletotheVMwareVirtualInfrastructureenvironment,basedonthelicensingyou haveconfiguredandthepermissionsoftheuser.WhentheVIClientisconnectedtoan ESXServer,theVIClientdisplaysonlytheoptionsappropriatetosinglehost management. ThedefaultVirtualInfrastructureClientlayoutisasinglewindowwithamenubar,a navigationbar,atoolbar,astatusbar,apanelsection,andpopupmenus.
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Menus Toolbar
Navigation bar
Console button
Inventory tabs
Pop-up menu
Inventory panel
Status bar
Status
Information panel
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Menu Bar
Themenubarprovidesaccesstoallcommandsandoperatesinamannerconsistent withotherWindowsapplications.Thetablesbelowlistallthemenuitemsavailable fromthesefivemenus.ThemenuitemsavailablevarydependinguponwhethertheVI ClientisconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServeroranESXServer.Themenubaroptions are:
FileMenuSimilartotheFilemenuinmostapplicationswithtwoexceptions:
ViewMenuControlswhichpanelsarevisible.Thisprovidesamenuitemfor selectingoneofthenavigationbuttons. InTable 43,anasterisk(*)indicatesitemsthatareavailableonlywhenconnected toVirtualCenterServer. Table 4-3. View Menu Items
View> Toolbar|StatusBar|Inventory|ScheduledTasks*|Events|Administration |Maps*|Filtering
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InventoryMenuDisplaysmenuitemsrelevanttotheselectedobjectinthe inventorypanel. InTable 45,anasterisk(*)indicatesitemsthatareavailableonlywhenconnected toVirtualCenterServer. Table 4-5. Inventory Menu Items
Inventory> Inventory> Datacenter> VirtualMachine> NewFolder|NewCluster|AddHost|Remove| Rename PowerOn|PowerOff|Suspend|Reset|Shut DownGuest|StandbyGuest|RestartGuest| Snapshot|Migrate|Clone|ClonetoTemplate| ConverttoTemplate|OpenConsole|Sent Ctrl+Alt+Del|AnswerQuestion|Report Performance|InstallVMwareTools|EditSettings |Rename|RemovefromInventory|Deletefrom Disk PowerOn|PowerOff|Suspend|Reset|Shut DownGuest|RestartGuest|Snapshot|Migrate |Clone|ClonetoTemplate|ConverttoTemplate |OpenConsole|SentCtrl+Alt+Del|Answer Question|ReportPerformance|InstallVMware Tools|EditSettings|Rename|Removefrom Inventory|DeletefromDisk NewVirtualMachine|Connect*|Disconnect*| EnterMaintenanceMode|ShutDown|Reboot| ReportSummary|ReportPerformance| AdvancedSettings|Remove*|RelocateVMFiles AddHost|NewVirtualMachine|NewResource Pool|EditSettings|Remove|Rename NewVirtualMachine|NewResourcePool| ReportPerformance*|Remove|Rename BrowseDatastore|Rename|Remove|Refresh Remove Add|Delete|Properties
Inventory>
Templates*>
Inventory>
Host>
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AdministrationMenuDisplaysconfigurationoptionsthatapplyacrossthe VirtualInfrastructureenvironment. InTable 46,anasterisk(*)indicatesitemsthatareavailableonlywhenconnected toVirtualCenterServer. Table 4-6. Administration Menu Items
Administration> CustomAttributes*|VMwareVirtualCenterSettings*|Role| Session*|EditMessageoftheDay*|CollectDiagnostic Information*|LegacyTemplates*
HelpMenuDisplaystheonlinehelpoptions,linkstotheVMwareWebsite,and productversioninformation.
Pop-Up Menus
Popupmenusprovidedirectaccesstomanyofthemenuitems.Popupmenusare availablefrommostobjectsinboththeinventorypanelandtheinformationpanel. To view a pop-up menu RightclicktheselectedobjectorpressShift+F10.
Console Menu
Theconsoleofapoweredonvirtualmachineisavailablethroughaconnectedserver. To view the virtual machine console ClicktheInventoryNavigationbutton,clickapoweredonvirtualmachineinthe Inventorypanel,andclicktheConsoletabintheInformationpanel. To pop out the virtual machine console Clickthepopouticoninthenavigationbar. AcopyoftheConsolewindowseparatesfromtheVIClient.Additionalmenusappear.
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AdditionalmenuitemsareavailablefromthepopoutConsolewindow.
The message line indicates the number of active connections to this virtual machine.
Allconnectionstothevirtualmachineseethesamedisplayinformation.Themessage lineindicatesifothersareviewingthevirtualmachine. ThepopoutvirtualmachineConsolehasthefollowingmenuitems.Theembedded ConsolehassimilarmenuitemsbutdoesnotincludealloftheexternalConsolemenu items. Table 4-7. Virtual Machine Pop-Out Console Menu Items
File> View> VM> Exit Autofit|Fit|FitGuesttoWindow PowerOn|PowerOff|Suspend|Reset|ShutDownGuest|RestartGuest| Snapshot|Migrate|Clone|ClonetoTemplate|ConverttoTemplate|Open Console|SentCtrl+Alt+Del|AnswerQuestion|ReportPerformance|Install VMwareTools|EditSettings|Rename|RemovefromInventory|Deletefrom Disk
Navigation Bar
Thenavigationbarprovidesshortcutbuttonsthatloadthematchingtoolbarandpanel intotheVIClientwindow.Thenavigationbarcombinesanddisplaysassociatedtasks andinformation.Whenabuttonhasbeenselected,itremainsselectedtoindicatethe currentview.ThebuttonsrepresenttheVIClientfunctionalareas.Dependingupon whethertheVIClientisconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServeroranESXServer,thelisted buttonsvary. Eachnavigationbarbuttonhasaprimaryinformationpanelandassociatedtabs.The Inventorybuttonhasaninventorypanelfromwhichyoucanselectobjects.Each
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Figure 4-2. Navigation bar shortcuts To view the Inventory button options ClickthearrowontheInventorynavigationbarbuttontorefertotheinventorygroup options.ChooseView>Inventory>HostsandClusters(orVirtualMachinesand Templates,Networks,orDatastores. RefertoManagingtheVIClientInventoryonpage 91forinformationonthe differencesbetweentheInventorybuttonviews.
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AllfouroftheInventoryoptionsaredividedintotwosubpanels,theinventory panelandtheinformationpanel.ThisInventoryoptiondisplaysalltheobjects containedwithinVirtualCenter,suchasfolders,datacenters,hosts,clusters, resourcepoolsandvirtualmachines.WhenconnectedtoanESXServerthe inventoryoptiondisplaysalltheobjectscontainedwithintheESXServer,suchas host,resourcepools,andvirtualmachines.Throughselectingobjectsineitherof thetwosubpanels,youperformandspecifyactions. Therearefourdifferentinventoryviews.Eachrelatestosomeoftheeightdifferent inventoryobjects:hosts,clusters,folders,datacenters,virtualmachinesand templates,resourcepools,networks,anddatastores. Allfourviewshavethe(single)rootnode,allowanyfoldersbelowtherootnode (thatcanonlycontainotherfoldersanddatacenters)anddatacenters.Below datacentersthehierarchyissplitupintonetworks,datastores,virtualmachineand templates,andhosts,clusters,andresourcepools.
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AdmintabsAsubsetoftheAdminbutton.TheAdmintabsareasetofpanels thatdisplayconfigurationorientedinformationpertainingtotheservethattheVI Clientisconnectedto.ThetaboptionsareRolesandSystemLogs.WhentheVI ClientisconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,aSessionsandLicensestabisalso available. InventorytabsAsubsetoftheInventorybutton.TheInventorytabsareasetof panelsthatdisplaytaskorientedinformationpertainingtotheselectedinventory object.Eachinventoryobjecthasitsownsetoftabs.Thetaboptionsare:Summary, Datacenters,VirtualMachines,Hosts,Migrations,ResourceAllocation, Performance,Configuration,Tasks&Events,Alarms,Console,Permissions,and Maps. WhenyouclicktheInventorybuttoninthenavigationbar,aninformationpanel appearsontherightsideofthescreen.Whenyouselectanobject(host,virtual machine,folder,datacenter,cluster,resourcepool)fromtheinventorypanel,the informationpaneldisplaystabscorrespondingtotheselectedobject.Thisdata remainsuntilyouclickanotherInventorybutton.
NOTE
Youcanuseeitherthenavigationbarortheinformationpaneltabstoviewevents information.
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Description Listsselectedconfigurationoptionsand information. Liststheconfiguredalarmsforthe selectedobject. Liststhetriggeredalarmsfortheselected object. Providesaccesstoconfiguringthe selectedhost. Displaysaremoteconsoletointeract directlywiththevirtualmachine. Throughtheremoteconsoleyoucantake selectedactionsuponthevirtualmachine. Liststhedatacentersorganizedunderthe selectedfolder. Providesaccessformanagingdatastores. Liststheeventmessagesthatreportonthe statusoftheselectedobject. Liststhehostsassignedtotheselected inventoryobject. Providesaccessformanagingallthe inventoryobjects. Liststhelicensesconfiguredinthelicense server. Displaysrelationshipsbetweenthe selectedinventoryobjects. Liststhemigrationssuggestedor completedfortheselectedcluster. Providesaccessformanagingnetworks.
inventorypanel tab navigationbar button:Datastores inventorypanel tab inventorypanel tab navigationbar button:Hosts& Clusters adminpaneltab navigationbar button inventorypanel tab navigationbar button:Networks
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Description Displaystheperformancechartsforthe selectedhostorvirtualmachineresources. Thechartsfordatacentersandhosts displaycombinedchartsthatshowthe usageofeachresource. Liststheusersandgroupsthathave permissionsontheselectedobjectandat whatlevelthepermissionwasassigned. Liststhedistributionoftheselectedhosts resources:CPU,memory. Providesaccessforconfiguringuserroles. Providesaccessforcreatingand managingscheduledtasks. ListstheVIClientsessionsconnectedto theVirtualCenterServer. Displaysacollectionofdataforthe selectedobject. Listsselectedlogfilesfortheservers. Liststherecenttasksfortheselected object. Liststhetaskscompletedandtheevent messagesthatreportonthestatusofthe selectedobject. Providesaccessformanagingtemplates.
Permissions
both
inventorypanel tab inventorypanel tab adminpaneltab navigationbar button adminpaneltab inventorypanel tab adminpaneltab togglebutton inventorypanel tab navigationbar button:Virtual Machines& Templates inventorypanel tab
Templates
VirtualCenter
Virtual Machines
both
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Toolbar
Thetoolbarprovidesbuttonsforthemostcommonlyusedactions. To view or hide a toolbar ChooseView>Toolbars.
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Panel Sections
InthebodyoftheVIClientpageisapanelsection.Inmostviews,thereisarightand aleftpanel:theinventorypanelandtheinformationpanel.Thesepanelscanberesized.
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To close or open a panel Clickthearrowinthepanelmenubar. Whenthepanelishidden,thepanelmenubarisastripalongthesideoftheVIClient window. To resize a panel Clickaresizingpanelsideanddragittoanappropriatesize. YourchoicesforthepanelsarepersistentacrossVIClientsessions.Ifyourunmultiple VIClientsessionsusingdifferentusernames,thesettingsfromthelastsessiontoquit determinethevaluesforthenextVIClientsession.
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ClickOKtodisplayonlythosevirtualmachinesthatmatchthecriteria.ClickClear tochangethefilter.
NOTE
Thereisaonesecondintervalbetweenkeystrokes.Ifyoutypeinthetextandwaitfor onesecond,thesearchstartsautomatically.YoudonthavetoclickOKorEnter. Thelistisupdatedbasedonwhetherfilteringisonoroff.Forexample,ifyouareinthe VirtualMachinestab,youhavefilteredthelist,andthefilteredtextispoweredon, youonlyrefertoalistofvirtualmachineswhosestateissettopoweredon.Ifthestate ofanyofthesevirtualmachineschangestosomethingelse,theyareremovedfromthe list.Newvirtualmachinesthatareaddedarealsobeingfiltered.Filteringispersistent fortheusersession. To remove a filter ClickClear,ordeletetheentryinofthefilteringfieldandclickOK. TheVIClientdisplaysthefulllistofavailableitems. To choose columns to search for the filtering keyword Rightclickinthecontainsfield,andselectordeselecttheappropriatecolumnnames. Filteringisinclusive,notexclusive.Ifthekeywordisfoundinanyoftheselected columns,thelineitemisincludedinthelist. To export a list 1 2 3 Selectthelisttoexport. ChooseFile>Export>ExportList. Typeafilename,selectafiletypeinthedialogbox,andclickSave. Afileisstoredinthespecifiedfilename,filetype,andlocation.
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younolongerneedthecustomattribute,removeit.Acustomattributeisalwaysa string. Forexample,supposeyouhaveasetofproductsandyouwanttosortthembysales representative.Createacustomattributeforsalespersonname,Name.Addthecustom attribute,Name,columntooneofthelistviews.Addtheappropriatenametoeach productentry.ClickthecolumntitleNametosortalphabetically. ThecustomattributesfeatureisavailableonlywhenconnectedtoaVirtualCenter Server. To add a custom attribute 1 ChooseAdministration>CustomAttributes. ThisoptionisnotavailablewhenconnectedonlytoanESXServer. 2 AddacustomattributeandclickAdd.
Selecttheobject(onelevelupthehierarchy)thatcontainstheobjectstowhich youwanttoapplytheattribute.
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Selecting Objects
VirtualCenterobjectsaredatacenters,networks,datastores,resourcepools,clusters, hosts,andvirtualmachines.Selectinganobjectdoesthefollowing:
Allowsyoutoviewthestatusoftheobject. Enablesthemenussoyoucanchooseactionstotakeontheobject.
To select an object 1 2 ClicktheappropriatenavigationbaroptionsuchasInventory,ScheduledTasks, Events,Admin,orMaps. IfyouselectInventory,browsethroughthehierarchyintheinventorypaneluntil youseetheiconforanobject.Clickit. Whenanobjectisselected,theobjectlabelintheinventorypanelbackfillsandthe informationpanelupdatesitsdisplaytoreflectthedatafortheselectedobject. To view an object menu Selecttheappropriateobjectandchoosetheappropriateactionfromthemenubar. Alternatively,rightclicktheobject. Apopupmenuwiththeobjectsavailableactionsappears. Foreachtypeofobject,suchasdatacenter,host,orvirtualmachine,acorrespondingset oftabsappearsintheinformationpanel.Forexample:
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Theinventorypanelandinformationpanelshareasingleselectionlist.Selectingan objectinonepaneldeselectsanyotherobjectintheotherpanel. Menuactions,fromeitherthemenubarorapopupmenu,applytothecurrently selectedobject.Ifnoobjectisselected,nomenuactionsareavailable.Apopupmenu canappearonlyforaselectedobject.RefertoPopUpMenusonpage 45for additionalinformationonthepopupmenuoptions. To change the name of an object SelectanitemandpressF2orclickthetextoftheselecteditem.Typethenewname.
Monitoring Objects
VIClientmonitorsVirtualCenterorESXServeractivities.Forahosttobemonitoredby VirtualCenter,itmustberegisteredwiththeVirtualCenterServer.RefertoAddinga Hostonpage 101forinformationonaddingobjectstoyourVirtualCenterServer.Ifan ESXServerhostisnotregisteredwithaVirtualCenterServer,youcanconnecttothe ESXServerdirectly,alsousingtheVIClient. To check the status of an object 1 2 StarttheVIClient. Clicktheappropriatebuttoninthenavigationbar.
Clicktheobjecttoviewit.
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To perform an action on a Virtual Infrastructure object 1 2 3 StarttheVirtualInfrastructureClient. Connecttotheappropriateserver. Toselectanobjectyouwanttovieworuponwhichyouwanttoperformanaction, selecttheappropriateinventoryview,browsethroughthehierarchyinthe inventorypaneluntilyouseeitsicon,andclickit. Anobjectcanbeselectedintheinventorypanelortheinformationpanel. Iftheobjectisnotintheview:
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Onceanobjectisselected:
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Chooseamenuitemfromthemainmenu. Rightclicktheobjectandchoosefromthepopupmenu.
Followtheprompts.
Dependingontheactionyouselected,eithertheviewintheinformationpanelchanges orawizardpromptsyouforinformationtocompletethetransaction.
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System Configuration
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Configuring a Host
SelectahostandtheConfigurationtabforthehost.Theconfigurationtabdisplaysall oftheconfigurationoptionsavailable.
Hardware Tab
Thehardwaretabdisplaysthefollowingconfigurationoptions:
ProcessorsDisplaysthehostsprocessorinformationsuchastype,speed, manufacturer.Thepropertiesdialogboxallowsyoutoenableordisable Hyperthreading. MemoryDisplaysthehostsmemoryconfiguration,includingtotalmemory available,amountsforthehostssystem,amountsforthevirtualmachines,and amountsfortheESXServerServiceConsole.Thepropertiesdialogboxallowsyou tosettheamountdedicatedtotheESXServerServiceConsole. Storage(SCSI,SAN,NFS)Displaysthestoragevolumesconfiguredforthehost anddetailsabouteachstoragedevice.Thisincludesvolumelabels,filesystem type,blocksize,extents,andcapacity.TheRefresh,Remove,AddStorage,and Propertiesdialogboxesallowyoutochangevolumeproperties,addextents, managepaths,adddiskorLUNdatastores,andaddnetworkfilesystem(NFS) datastores. NetworkingDisplayscurrentnetworksattachedtothehost.TheRefresh,Add Networking,Remove,andPropertiesdialogboxesallowyoutoconfigureports andnetworkadapters,anddefineconnectiontypestothehostsvirtualmachine, VMkernel,andserviceconsole. StorageAdaptersDisplaysstorageadapterconfiguration,suchasdevicetype, SANidentification,LUNidentification,path,andcapacity.TheRescan,Hide LUNs,andPropertiesdialogboxesallowyoutoscanfornewstoragedevicesor VMFSvolumes,hidetheLUNinformationforeachselectedstorageadapter,and viewVMotionconfigurationstatus.
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NetworkAdaptersDisplaysnetworkadapterinformation,includingdevice type,speed,vSwitch,andnetworkidentification.
Software Tab
Thesoftwaretabdisplaysthefollowingconfigurationoptions:
LicensedFeatureDisplaysthecurrentstatusoflicensinginyourVirtual Infrastructureenvironment.Thisincludeslicensesources,licenseserver,orlicense file;licensetype;andaddonlicensing,suchasVMotionorHA.TheEditdialog boxesallowyoutospecifylicensesource,licensetypes,andlicensingfor additionalfeatures. DNSandRoutingDisplaysDNSandroutinginformation.Thisincludeshost nameanddomain,DNSserversconnectedtothehost,searchdomains,anddefault gateways.ThePropertiesdialogboxallowsyoutospecifytheseidentification items. VirtualMachineStartup/ShutdownDisplaysalistofvirtualmachinesonthe hostandtheirstartuporshutdownstatus.ThePropertiesdialogboxallowsyouto configurewhentopoweronandpoweroffeachresidentvirtualmachine.Options includestartingorstoppingatselectedtimesrelativetothehostpoweringoffor poweringon. SecurityProfileDisplaysthefirewallinformationforincomingandoutgoing connections.ThePropertiesdialogboxallowsyoutodefineremoteaccess conditions.ThisincludesShelltype,SNMP,andseveralassociatedclients,servers, andagentincomingandoutgoingcommunicationportsandprotocols. SystemResourceAllocationDisplaysthehostsresourceallocationsettings.This includesmemoryandCPUusage.TheEditdialogboxesallowyoutoconfigure amountsofCPUsharesandmemorysharesarereservedforhostuse.The Simple/Advancedtoggleddialogboxallowsyoutoconfigurethehostsresource poolsCPUandmemoryreservedsharesforselectedhostfunctions. RefertotheResourceManagementGuideforcompleteinformationonconfiguring andusingyourvirtualmachineresources. AdvancedSettingsDisplaysalistofsettingsthatVMwarerecommendsyouuse onlywhendirectedtobyVMwaretechnicalsupport.
NOTE
RefertotheServerConfigurationGuideforconfigurationinformationonconfiguring networking,storage,andsecurity.
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IntroductiontoStorageIntroducesyoutothetypesofstorageyoucanconfigure fortheESXServerhost. ConfiguringStorageExplainshowtoconfigurelocalSCSIstorage,Fibre Channelstorage,andiSCSIstorage.ItalsoaddressesVMFSstorageand networkattachedstorage. ManagingStorageExplainshowtomanageexistingdatastoresandthefile systemsthatcomprisedatastores. RawDeviceMappingDiscussesrawdevicemapping,howtoconfigurethistype ofstorage,andhowtomanagerawdevicemappingsbysettingupmultipathing, failover,andsoforth.
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SecurityforESXServerSystemsIntroducesyoutotheESXServerfeaturesthat helpyouensureasecureenvironmentforyourdataandgivesyouanoverviewof systemdesignasitrelatestosecurity. SecuringanESXServerConfigurationExplainshowtoconfigurefirewallports forESXServerhostsandVMwareVirtualCenter,howtousevirtualswitchesand VLANstoensurenetworkisolationforvirtualmachines,andhowtosecureiSCSI storage. AuthenticationandUserManagementDiscusseshowtosetupusers,groups, permissions,androlestocontrolaccesstoESXServerhostsandVirtualCenter.It alsodiscussesencryptionanddelegateusers. ServiceConsoleSecurityDiscussesthesecurityfeaturesbuiltintotheservice consoleandshowsyouhowtoconfigurethesefeatures. SecurityDeploymentsandRecommendationsProvidessomesample deploymentstogiveyouanideaoftheissuesyoumustconsiderwhensettingup yourownESXServerdeployment.Thischapteralsotellsyouaboutactionsyou cantaketofurthersecurevirtualmachines.
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VirtualCenter Configuration
Setsofpropertiesandsettingsdialogboxesmakeadjustmentstothecorresponding VirtualCenterenvironment. To view the VMware VirtualCenter Configuration SelectAdministration>ServerSettings. ChangestothissettingapplytothecurrentVirtualCenterServeronly.Ifyoulogout andlogontoanotherVirtualCenterServer,thesettingsarespecifictothat VirtualCenterServer. Thedialogboxtabsdisplayandallowyoutoconfigure:
StatisticsSpecifythecollectionintervals,statisticscollectionthreadlimit,and statisticscollectionlevel.Specifiesthenumberofthreadsusedforcollecting performancestatisticsfrommanagedhosts. Specifiesthelevelofdetailforperformancestatisticscollection.Legalvaluesare minimal,typical,andfull.Thedefaultisfull. Specifieshowoften,inseconds,VirtualCenterchecksifanyscheduledtasksare readytobeexecutedoralarmsshouldbetriggered.Thedefaultis5seconds. VerifiesthatallusersandgroupsknowntoVirtualCentercurrentlyexistin Windows.Forexample,ifuserSmithisassignedpermissionsandinthedomain theusersnameissubsequentlychangedtoSmith2,VirtualCenterconcludesthat Smithnolongerexistsandremovespermissionsforthatuser. RefertoSettingtheStatisticsCollectionIntervalsonpage 274.
RuntimeSettingsViewtheuniqueruntimesettingsfortheVirtualCenter installation.ThisincludestheVirtualCenteruniqueIDnumberandthe VirtualCenterTCP/IPportnumber. GeneratesuniqueMACaddressesandUUIDsforvirtualmachines.Insomecases, itispossibletohavemorethanoneVirtualCenterrunninginthesamecompany. EachoftheseVirtualCenterServersmusthaveitsownuniqueidentification.By default,anIDvalueisgeneratedrandomly.However,thisvalueiseditable.The onlyrequirementisthatitbeauniquenumberfrom0to63. SpecifiestheportthroughwhichaVirtualCenterclientsendsdatatothe VirtualCenterServer.
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RefertoConfiguringVirtualCenterCommunicationonpage 68.
ActiveDirectorySpecifytheactivedirectorytimeout,maximumnumberofusers andgroupstodisplayintheAddPermissionsdialogbox,andthefrequencyfor performingasynchronizationandvalidationofVirtualCentersknownusersand groups. SpecifiesthemaximumnumberofusersandgroupstheVirtualCenterstoresfrom theselecteddomain.Tospecifynomaximumlimit,enterzero(0). Specifies,inseconds,themaximumtimeVirtualCenterallowsthesearchtorunon theselecteddomain.Searchingverylargedomainscantakeaverylongtime.This valuemustbegreaterthanzero(0). RefertoChapter 15,ManagingUsers,Groups,Permissions,andRoles,on page 247.
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IfneitheroftheprecedingoptionsispossibleandyourfirewallallowsWebtraffic topasstotheserver,youcanconnecttheVIClienttotheVirtualCenterServer usingastandardWebconnection. CAUTION Ifyouusethisoptiontoopenacommunicationchannelbetweenyour VirtualCenterServerandVIClient,theVirtualCenterconsoledoesnot work. RefertoConfiguringVirtualCenterCommunicationoveraWebConnectionon page 69forinformationonsettinguptheWebsiteport.
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3 4 5 6
Setthedlldirectory. a Ifneeded,createthedirectory:
C:\inetpub\wwwroot\vpx\
b c
8 9 10
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HardwareAddsorremovesthehardwareelementstoyourvirtualmachine:
Memory CPU Floppydrive CD/DVDdrive Networkadapter SCSIcontroller Harddisk Serialport Parallelport Ethernetadapter
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SCSIdevice
OptionsListssomegeneralvirtualmachinesettings,actionstotakeduringa powerstatechange,andactionstakenfordebuggingduringaprocess.
GeneralContainsvirtualmachinename,virtualmachineconfigurationfile pathandname,virtualmachineworkinglocation,guestoperatingsystem, andversionoftheguestoperatingsysteminstalled. VMwareToolsContainspowercontrolsettingsforthevirtualmachines toolbarpowericonsandarunscriptsoptionspecifyingifandwhentoruna VMwareToolsscript. PowerManagementAllowsyoutospecifythevirtualmachinesresponse whentheguestoperatingsystemisonstandby. AdvancedContainssettingsforlogging,maskingtheCPUandmaskusage, andadditionalconfigurationparameters,whichareusedonlywhenindicated byVMwaretechnicalsupport.
ResourcesModifiestheresourcesharesonthemanagedhostofavirtual machine.
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To send a message to all users logged on to an active session 1 2 3 FromtheVIClientconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,clicktheAdminbuttonin thenavigationbar.ThenclicktheSessionstab. TypeintotheMessageofthedayfield. ClicktheChangebutton.
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Thetextissentasanoticemessagetoallactivesessionusersandtonewusers whentheylogin.
SNMP Configuration
TheSNMPagentcontrolsadatabasecalledtheSNMPManagementInformationBase (MIB),astandardsetofstatisticalandcontrolvalues. ThefollowingsectionsdiscussSNMPconfiguration:
VMWAREROOTMIB.mib VMWARETRAPSMIB.mib
AtechnicalnotedescribingtheMIBdefinitionscanbefoundat www.vmware.com/pdf/vc_dbviews_11.pdf.
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Table 54describesthevariablesandparametersusedintheVMwareVirtual InfrastructureClientdefinedSNMPtraps.Allvariablesarereadonly.Thedatatype fieldreferstotheSNMPversion1typedescribedbythestructureofmanagement information(SMI).Andallvariablesandparametersaremandatory. Table 5-4. Variables and Parameters
Variable vmID Description TheIDoftheaffectedvirtualmachinegeneratingthe trap.IfthevirtualmachineIDisnonexistent,(suchasfor apowerofftrap)1isreturned. Theconfigurationfileoftheaffectedvirtualmachine generatingthetrap. Thetraptypeintheprecedingtraps. Thenameofthehostintheprecedingtraps. Syntax INTEGER
YoucanchoosetouseSNMPwithorwithoutanyESXServerMIBitems.
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NOTE
IfthevariableshowingwhethertheVMkernelisloadedsaysno,anyvaluesreported foranyothervariableshouldberegardedasinvalid.
Pathtothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile Guestoperatingsystemrunningonthevirtualmachine Amountofmemorythevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse Stateofthevirtualmachinespowerswitch:onoroff Stateoftheguestoperatingsystem:onoroff(runningornotrunning) Diskadaptersseenbythevirtualmachine Networkadaptersseenbythevirtualmachine Floppydiskdrivesseenbythevirtualmachine Stateofthefloppydrive:connectedordisconnected CDROMdrivesseenbythevirtualmachine StateoftheCDROMdrive:connectedordisconnected
SNMP Traps
FiveSNMPtrapsnotifyyouofcriticaleventsinparticularvirtualmachines.The affectedvirtualmachineisidentifiedbyIDnumberandconfigurationfilepath.The trapsnotifyyou:
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NOTE
VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledintheguestoperatingsystemtosupportthetrapsthat detectlossandresumptionoftheguestsheartbeat.
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/etc/rc.d/init.d/snmpd start
Bydefault,theagentstartsandrunsasbackgroundprocesses. To enable and disable traps 1 Edittheconfig.xmlfile. Theconfigurationparametersnmp/generateTrapsinthe /etc/vmware/host/config.xmlfiledetermineswhethertogenerateatrap.By default,atrapisgenerated. 2 Restartvmware_hostdtoseethechangetakeeffect.
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Runthesupportscriptorsavethelogfilebeforeyoulaunchthefailedvirtualmachine again. Virtual Machines Eventlog Windows event-<path_to_ configuration_file> .vmx.log Onthevirtualmachinemanaged host. C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Virtual Infrastructure\ vmserverdRoot\eventlog /var/log/vmware vmkernel-core.<date>and vmkernel-log.<date> /rootdirectoryafteryoureboot yourmachine.
Linux Virtual Machine KernelCore file Virtual Machine Configuration file Service Consolelog Service Console Availability report VMkernel Messages ESXServer
Windows andLinux
.vmx
Onthevirtualmachinemanaged host.
ESXServer ESXServer
/var/log/messages
ESXServer
/var/log/vmkernelinthe serviceconsole
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ESXServer
/var/log/vmkwarninginthe serviceconsole
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IftheVIClientisconnectedtoanESXServer,specifythelocationforthelogfiles.
ClickOK.
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MoreseriousproblemsintheVMkernelcanfreezethemachinewithoutanerror messageorcoredump. To collect ESX Server Service Console files 1 Runthefollowingscriptontheserviceconsole: /usr/bin/vm-support ThisscriptcollectsandpackagesallrelevantESXServersystemandconfiguration informationandESXServerlogfiles.Thisinformationcanbeusedtoanalyzethe problemyouareencountering. 2 Savetheresultingfile: esx-<date>-<unique-xnumber>.tgz To collect ESX Server Service log files 1 Inatexteditor,openthefollowingfile:
Addthefollowinglinestothefile:
vmauthd.logEnabled = TRUE log.vmauthdFileName = "vmauthd.log"
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ThischapterdescribeshowtomanagetheobjectsinyourVMwareInfrastructure environment.Thisincludesfolders,datacenters,clusters,resourcepools,networks, anddatastores.Theseobjectsareusedtohelpmanageororganizethemonitoredand managedhostsandvirtualmachines. NOTE TheviewsandcapabilitiesdisplayedvarydependingonwhethertheVIClientis connectedtoaVirtualCenterServeroranESXServer.Unlessindicated,theprocess, task,ordescriptionappliestobothkindsofVIClientconnections. Thischapterdescribeshowtoaddorremoveinventoryobjects.Includedisareference tothedocumentationthatdescribestheseitemsandrelatedactivitiesindetail. EachobjectintheVirtualInfrastructureClienthasitsplaceintheoverallhierarchy.An objectspositionisdeterminedbytheobjectsfunctionality. Thischapterpresentsthefollowingtopics:
ViewingthroughtheMapsfeatureshowstheinventoryobjectrelationshipsin graphicalform.
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host host
datacenter
template VM
folder datacenter
Networks
datastore
folder datacenter
Datastores
WhentheVIClientisconnectedtoanESXServer,therootisthehostitself.Contained objectsincludethehostrootresourcepool,childresourcepools,andvirtualmachines. Clusters,folders,datacenters,networks,anddatastoresdonotappearintheinventory whentheVIClientisconnectedonlytoanESXServer. Someobjectsserveonlyasorganizationalstructures.Theseprovideameansforyouto organizeyourobjectsbydepartment,group,companyfunction,location,andsoon. Otherobjectslimitagroupofcontainedobjects.Forexample,aVMotionfailovercan occuronlywithinacluster,notbetweenclusters.SimilarlyaVMotionfailovercanoccur onlywithinadatacenter,notbetweendatacenters. TheVirtualInfrastructureClientobjectsareasfollows:
RootfolderInVirtualCenterServeronly.Childobjectsaredatacentersor subfolders.TherootfolderissetasadefaultforeveryVirtualCenterServer.You canchangethename,butnotaddorremoveit. FoldersInVirtualCenterServeronly.Childobjectsaredatacenters,hosts, clusters,virtualmachines,orsubfolders. DatacentersInVirtualCenterServeronly.Childobjectsarefolders,clusters,or hosts. Adatacentercontainsclusters,hosts,andvirtualmachines.Allactionstakenupon managedhostsandvirtualmachinesareappliedwithintheirdatacenter.Withina datacenter,youcanmonitorandmanagevirtualmachinesseparatelyfromtheir hostsanduseVMotion.Youcannotperformmigrationbetweendatacenters.
ClustersInVirtualCenterServeronly.Childobjectsarehosts,virtualmachines, orresourcepools.
Ifyoursystemislicensed,youcanenablethefollowingclusterfeatures:
VMwareHAAllowsVirtualCentertomigrateandrestartavirtualmachine whenahostfails.VMwareHAisnotlistedasaninventoryobjectitself,butit allowstheclusterobjecttobeseen. VMwareDRSMonitorstheVirtualCenterenvironment,makesinitialplacement recommendations,makesvirtualmachinemigrationrecommendations,and enablesVirtualCentertoautomaticallyplaceandmigratevirtualmachineson hoststoattainthebestuseofclusterresources.VMwareDRSisnotlistedasan inventoryobjectitself,butitallowstheclusterobjecttobeseen. RefertotheResourceManagementGuideforcomprehensiveinformationonusing VirtualInfrastructureClientclusters.
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Theinventoryobjectscanbemovedasfollows:
Rootfolder,roothost(ESXServer),networks,anddatastoresCannotbe moved. FoldersCanbemovedwithinadatacenter. DatacenterCanbemovedtofoldersatasiblingorparentlevel. ClusterCanbemovedbetweenfoldersandwithindatacentersatasibling orparentlevel. HostWhenmanagedbyaVirtualCenterServer,ifahostisinacluster,all virtualmachinesonthehostmustbeshutdownandthehostmustbeplaced intomaintenancemodebeforeitcanbemovedfromthecluster.Ahostcanbe movedbetweenclustersanddatacenters. ResourcepoolsCanbemovedtootherresourcepoolsandfolders. VirtualmachinesCanbemovedtootherresourcepools,clusters,folders, datacenters,orhosts.Whenaddingtoanythingotherthanahost,youmust specifyatargethost.
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HostsOverviewonpage 99 UnderstandingHostStatesonpage 101 AddingaHostonpage 101 ConnectingorDisconnectingaHostonpage 104 AutomaticallyReconnectingaHostonpage 106 RemovingaHostfromaClusteronpage 106 RemovingaHostfromVirtualCenteronpage 108 HostAdvancedConfigurationOptionsonpage 110
Hosts Overview
Ahostisavirtualizationplatform,anESXServer,thatsupportsvirtualmachines.A VirtualCentermanagedhostisanESXServerhostthatisregisteredwithVirtualCenter. ThetaskofmanagingahostisaccomplishedthroughtheVirtualInfrastructureClient.
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ThisVIClientcanbeconnectedeitherdirectlytoanESXServerhostorindirectlytoESX ServerhoststhroughaconnectiontoaVirtualCenterServer. NOTE ESXServersupportsamaximumoffivedirect,concurrentVIClientconnections. WhenESXServerhostsareconnectedtotheVIClientdirectly,youmanagethem individuallyasstandalonehosts.Mostofthehostconfigurationandvirtualmachine configurationfeaturesstillapply.Featuresthatrequiremultiplehosts,suchas migrationwithVMotionofavirtualmachinefromonehosttoanother,arenotavailable throughthestandalonehostconnection. WhenESXServerhostsaremanagedbyVirtualCenter,theyareaddedtotheVMware InfrastructureenvironmentthroughaVIClientconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer. Managedhostsarehierarchicallyplacedindatacenters,folders,orclustersunderthe rootnodefolder. CAUTION IfanESXServerhostisconnectedwithaVirtualCenterServerandyou attachedaVIClienttomanagetheESXServerhostdirectly,youreceivean errormessagebutareallowedtoproceed.Thismightresultinconflictson thehost,especiallyifthehostispartofacluster.Thisactionisstrongly discouraged. Allvirtualmachinesonmanagedhostsareautomaticallydiscoveredandimportedinto VirtualCenter.Whenyouaddmultiplemanagedhosts,theVirtualCenterServer identifiesanynamingconflictsthatexistbetweenvirtualmachinesandalertsthe systemadministrator,whocanthenrenamevirtualmachinesasnecessary.Configure thevirtualmachinedisplaynames.Thenamecanbeupto80characterslongandmay containalphanumericcharactersandtheunderscore(_)andhyphen()characters.The namemustalsobeuniqueacrossallvirtualmachineswithinavirtualmachinegroup. WhentheVirtualCenterServerconnectstoamanagedhost,itdoessoasaprivileged user.TheindividualVirtualInfrastructureClientuserdoesnotnecessarilyneedtobe anadministrativeuseronthemanagedhost.RefertoAssigningAccessPermissions onpage 263forinformationonsettingupVirtualInfrastructureClientusers.
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Adding a Host
Virtualmachinesexistonmanagedhostswithinthenetwork.Hostsareaddedtothe VMwareInfrastructureenvironment.TheVirtualCenterServerdiscoversandaddsall thevirtualmachinescontainedwithinthatmanagedhosttotheVMwareInfrastructure environment. IfyouareconnectingyourVIClienttoanESXServerdirectly,theproceduresinthis sectiondonotapply. NOTE Whenaddingorremovinghosts,makesureNFSmountsareactive.IfNFSmountsare unresponsive,theoperationfails. To add a host to the VirtualCenter Server 1 Ensureacommunicationchannelthroughafirewall,ifneeded. IfanymanagedhostintheVirtualCenterenvironmentisbehindafirewall,ensure thatthemanagedhostcancommunicatewiththeVirtualCenterServerandwith allotherhostsonport902oranotherconfiguredport.RefertoInstallationand UpgradeGuideandtheServerConfigurationGuideforadditionalinformation. 2 3 ClicktheInventorybuttoninthenavigationbar.Expandtheinventoryasneeded, andclicktheappropriatedatacenter,folder,orcluster. Selecttheappropriatedatacenterorcluster,andchooseNewHostfromthemain orpopupmenu.
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Enterthemanagedhostconnectionsettings.
a b
5 6
ToconfirmtheHostSummaryinformation,clickNext. Ifyouareaddingthehosttoacluster:
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Specifywhatshouldhappentotheresourcepoolsonthehost. Theoptionsare:
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ClickNext. RefertotheResourceManagementGuide.
Searchesthenetworkforthespecifiedmanagedhostandidentifiesallthe virtualmachinesonthemanagedhost.IfyouclickCancel,thehostisremoved fromtheVirtualCenterinventory. Connectstothemanagedhost.Ifthewizardcannotconnecttothemanaged host,themanagedhostisnotaddedtotheinventory. Verifiesthatthemanagedhostisnotalreadybeingmanaged.Ifitisalready beingmanagedbyanotherVirtualCenterServer,VirtualCenterdisplaysa message.Ifthewizardcanconnecttothemanagedhostbutforsomereason cannotremainconnectedtotheVirtualCenterServer,thehostisadded,butis inadisconnectedstate.Thisoccurs,forexample,ifthehostisalreadybeing managedbyanotherVirtualCenterServer. Readsthenumberofprocessorsonthemanagedhostandallocatesthe appropriatenumberoflicenses.Thenumberofprocessorsisstoredinthe VirtualCenterdatabaseandisverifieduponeachmanagedhostreconnection andVirtualCenterstartup. NewerprocessorshavetwoCPUcoresineachprocessorpackage.Systems withdualcoreprocessorsmustuseESXServer2.5.2orlater.VirtualCenter licensesareissuedbypairsofprocessorpackages,notbyprocessorcores. Therefore,ifthesystemisusingtwodualcoreprocessorsortwosinglecore processors,thesystemrequiresasingle2processorVirtualCenterlicense.
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EnteravalueinminutesintheHostReconnectThresholdbox. Toexitthewizard,clicktheFinishlistitem.ThenclickFinishagain.
RefertotheResourceManagementGuideforcompleteclusterinformation. To remove a host from a cluster 1 2 3 4 FromtheVIClientconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,displaytheinventory. ToremovetheVirtualCenteragentfromthemanagedhost,ensurethatthe managedhostisinaconnectedstate. Poweroffallvirtualmachinesonthehost. Selecttheappropriatemanagedhosticonintheinventorypanel,andchooseEnter MaintenanceModefromthepopupmenu.ClickYes.
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Selectthehost,andfromthepopupmenuchooseExitMaintenanceMode. Restartanyvirtualmachines,asneeded.
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1. Registered host and virtual machines host A VM1 VM2 VirtualCenter host B VM3 VM4 shared datastore 2. Remove host. Virtual machines stay on the hosts datastore. host A VirtualCenter VM1 VM2 VM1.dsk VM2.dsk host B VM3 VM4 shared datastore VM3.dsk VM4.dsk VM1.dsk VM2.dsk VM3.dsk VM4.dsk
Figure 7-1. Removing a Host To remove a managed host 1 2 FromtheVIClientconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,displaytheinventory. ToremovetheVirtualCenteragentfromthemanagedhost,ensurethatthe managedhostisinaconnectedstate. Themanagedhostcanbeinaconnectedordisconnectedstatewhenyouremove it.However,removingamanagedhostwhileitisdisconnecteddoesnotremove theVirtualCenteragentfromthemanagedhost. 3 4 Poweroffallvirtualmachinesonthehost. Ifthehostispartofacluster,selecttheappropriatemanagedhosticoninthe inventorypanelandchooseEnterMaintenanceModefromthepopupmenu. Confirmplacement.ClickYes.
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Selecttheappropriatemanagedhosticonintheinventorypanel,andchoose Removefromthepopupmenu.
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TheVirtualInfrastructureClient(VIClient)providesyouwiththeabilitytodeployand managevirtualmachinesasquicklyandsimplyaspossible.TheVIClientprovidesa simpleandflexibleuserinterfacefromwhichyoucancreatenewvirtualmachines throughmanualconfiguration,fromtemplates,orbycloningexistingvirtualmachines. Allvirtualmachinesarecreatedinplaceusingawizardthatguidesyouthroughthe stepstoproduceacompleteandworkingvirtualmachine. Theprocessofcreatingavirtualmachineincludesselectingthespecifictypeofvirtual machinecreationthatyouwantfromeitherthemainorpopupmenus. ThischapterdescribeshowtocreatevirtualmachinesusingtheNewVirtualMachine wizardandbycloninganexistingvirtualmachine.Thewizardwalksyouthroughthe stepsrequiredtodefineavirtualmachine.Thischapterincludesinformationonsetting parametersbasedontheguestoperatingsystemusedandtheresourcesallocated.After youcreatethevirtualmachine,youmustinstalltheguestoperatingsystemand VMwareTools. Thischaptercontainsthefollowingsections:
Toperformtheactivitiesdescribedinthischapter,youmusthaveappropriate privilegesonthehostmachine.
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ThenameyouenterintheVirtualMachineNamefieldisthenamethatislisted intheVirtualCenterclientinventory.Itisalsousedasthenameofthevirtual machinesfiles.Thenamecanbeupto80characterslongandmaycontain alphanumericcharactersandtheunderscore(_)andhyphen()characters.This nameshouldbeuniqueacrosstheentiredatacenterandmustbeuniquewithinthe folder. 6 7 Selectafolderortherootofadatacenter,andclickNext. Iftheresourcepooloptionisavailable,selecttheresourcepoolinwhichyouwant torunthevirtualmachine,expandthetreeuntilyoulocatetheproperresource pool,highlightit,andclickNext. Resourcepoolsallowyoutomanageyourcomputingresourceswithinahostor hostsbysettingthemupinameaningfulhierarchy.Virtualmachinesandchild resourcepoolssharetheresourcesoftheparentresourcepool.Formore informationonresourcepools,seetheResourceManagementGuide.
Selectadatastoreinwhichtostorethevirtualmachinefiles,andclickNext.
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IfyouareinstallingaLinuxoperatingsystem,usetheLSILogicadapter. RefertotheGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuidefordetails.
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Enterthedisksizeinmegabytes(MB)orgigabytes(GB).Thedefaultis4GB.The availablespaceontheselectedVMFSvolumeislisted.Youcanconfigureadisk fromassmallas1MBtoaslargeas2TB(2048GB),usingawholenumberofMBor GB. Thevirtualdiskshouldbelargeenoughtoholdtheguestoperatingsystemandall ofthesoftwarethatyouintendtoinstallwithroomfordataandgrowth. Youcannotchangethevirtualdisksmaximumcapacitylater,butyoucaninstall additionalvirtualdiskslaterbyusingtheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogbox. Forexample,youneedabout1GBofactualfreespaceonthefilesystemcontaining thevirtualdisktoinstallWindowsServer2003andapplications,suchasMicrosoft Office,insidethevirtualmachine. 16 17 ClickNext. OntheReadytoCompletepage,reviewyouroptions,andclickFinish. Beforeyoucanuseyournewvirtualmachine,youmustpartitionandformatthe virtualdiskandtheninstallaguestoperatingsystemandVMwareTools.The operatingsystemsinstallationprogramcanhandlethepartitioningand formattingstepsforyou.
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Typeavirtualmachinename,andclickNext.
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Thewizarddoesnotinstalltheguestoperatingsystemforyou.TheNewVirtual Machinewizardusesthisinformationtoselectappropriatedefaultvalues,suchas theamountofmemoryneeded. 11 12 ClickNext. Selectthenumberofvirtualprocessorsinthevirtualmachinefromthepulldown list,andclickNext. TheNumberofVirtualCPUspagedoesnotappearifthehostissingleprocessor ortheguestoperatingsystemdoesnotsupportSMP(forexample,Netwareand WindowsNT4.0). Configurethevirtualmachinesmemorysizebyselectingthenumberof megabytes. Theminimum,recommended,andmaximumsizesarebasedontheguest operatingsystem.Regardlessoftheguestoperatingsystem,theminimum
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memorysizeis4MB.Themaximumdependsonthehost,butforESXServer3.0it is16384MB(16GB).Thememorysizemustbeamultipleof4MB.
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Ifyoudonotwantthevirtualnetworkadaptertoconnectwhenthevirtual machineispoweredon,deselecttheConnectatPowerOncheckbox. TheNetworkpulldownmenuliststheportgroupsthatareconfiguredforvirtual machineuseonthehost.Ifnovirtualmachineportgroupsareconfigured,a warningdialogboxappears,andyouarenotallowedtoconfigureanyvirtual networkcards. 16 17 ClickNext. ChoosethetypeofSCSIadapteryouwanttousewiththevirtualmachine. TwoIDEadaptersandaSCSIadapterareinstalledinthevirtualmachine.TheIDE adapterisalwaysATAPI.FortheSCSIadapter,youcanchoosebetweenaBusLogic orLSILogicSCSIadapter. NOTE IfyoucreateanLSILogicvirtualmachineandaddavirtualdiskthatusesBusLogic adapters,thevirtualmachinebootsfromtheadditionaldisk. IntheSelectI/OAdapterTypespage,thedefaultforyourguestoperatingsystem isalreadyselected.OlderguestoperatingsystemsdefaulttotheBusLogicadapter. TheLSILogicadapterhasimprovedperformance,worksbetterwithnondisk SCSIdevices,andisincludedwithWindowsServer2003. YoucandownloadthedriverfromtheLSILogicWebsite.SeetheGuestOperating InstallationGuidefordetailsaboutthedriverandtheguestoperatingsystemyou plantoinstallinthisvirtualmachine. NOTE ThechoiceofSCSIadapterdoesnotaffectwhetheryourvirtualdiskisanIDEor SCSIdisk. Selectthetypeofdisk,andclickNext. Youcanstorevirtualmachinedatainanewvirtualdisk,anexistingvirtualdisk, oramappedstorageareanetwork(SAN)logicalunitnumber(LUN). Avirtualdiskcomprisesoneormorefilesonthefilesystemthatappearasasingle harddisktotheguestoperatingsystem.Thesedisksareportableamonghosts. MappingaSANLUNgivesyourvirtualmachinedirectaccesstothatSAN, allowingyoutouseexistingSANcommandstomanagestorageforthedisk.
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SeetheSANConfigurationGuidefordetailsaboutSANLUNconfiguration.
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Ifyouchosetocreateanewvirtualdisk,youmustselectthesizeofthevirtual disk,specifyadatastorelocationforthedisk,andclickNext.(SEEUPDATE)
Enterthedisksizeinmegabytes(MB)orgigabytes(GB).Thedefaultis4GB.The availablespaceontheselectedVMFSvolumeislisted.Youcanconfigureadisk fromassmallas1MBtoaslargeas2TB(2048GB),usingawholenumberofMBor GB. Thevirtualdiskshouldbelargeenoughtoholdtheguestoperatingsystemandall ofthesoftwarethatyouintendtoinstallwithroomfordataandgrowth. Youcannotchangethevirtualdisksmaximumcapacitylater,butyoucaninstall additionalvirtualdiskslaterbyusingtheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogbox. Forexample,youneedabout1GBofactualfreespaceonthefilesystemcontaining thevirtualdisktoinstallWindowsServer2003andapplications,suchasMicrosoft Office,insidethevirtualmachine.
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Selectthevirtualdevicenodeanddiskmodeforthevirtualdisk.
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ClickNext,andclickFinish. Youhavefinishedcreatingavirtualmachinethatusesanewvirtualdisk.
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ClickNext. TheReadytoCompleteNewVirtualMachinewindowappears.
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ReviewtheoptionsforyournewvirtualmachineandclickFinish. Youhavefinishedcreatingavirtualmachinethatusesanexistingvirtualdisk.
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ClickNext.
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SelectadatastoreontowhichtomaptheLUN.
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ClickNext. Selectacompatibilitymode,eitherphysicalorvirtual.
Physicalcompatibilitymodeallowstheguestoperatingsystemtoaccessthe hardwaredirectly.PhysicalcompatibilityisusefulifyouareusingSANaware applicationsinthevirtualmachine.However,aLUNconfiguredforphysical compatibilitycannotbecloned,madeintoatemplate,ormigratedifthe migrationinvolvescopyingthedisk. VirtualcompatibilitymodeallowsthevirtualmachinetouseVMware snapshotsandotheradvancedfunctionality.Virtualcompatibilityallowsthe LUNtobehaveasifitwereavirtualdisk,soyoucanusefeatureslikedisk modes.Whenyouclonethedisk,makeatemplateoutofit,ormigrateit(ifthe migrationinvolvescopyingthedisk),thecontentsoftheLUNarecopiedinto avirtualdisk(.vmdk)file. Subsequentscreensofferdifferentoptions,dependingonyourchoice.
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TheVMwareToolsservice(orvmware-guestdonLinuxguests). AsetofVMwaredevicedrivers,includinganSVGAdisplaydriver,thevmxnet networkingdriverforsomeguestoperatingsystems,theBusLogicSCSIdriverfor someguestoperatingsystems,thememorycontroldriverforefficientmemory allocationbetweenvirtualmachines,thesyncdrivertoquiesceI/Ofor ConsolidatedBackup,andtheVMwaremousedriver. TheVMwareToolscontrolpanelthatletsyoumodifysettings,shrinkvirtualdisks, andconnectanddisconnectvirtualdevices. Asetofscriptsthathelpsyoutoautomateguestoperatingsystemoperations.The scriptsrunwhenthevirtualmachinespowerstatechanges. Acomponentthatsupportscopyingandpastingtextbetweentheguestand managedhostoperatingsystemsinMicrosoftWindowsguestoperatingsystems. ThecopyandpasteoptionisnotsupportedinLinuxguestoperatingsystems.
Limitations
ThefollowingareVMwareToolslimitations:
ThemousedriverinstallationfailsinXwindowsversionsearlierthan4.2.0.
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Thissectionincludesthefollowinginformation:
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IfyoudonothaveVMwareToolsinstalledinyourvirtualmachine,youcannotusethe shutdownorrestartoptions.YoucanuseonlythePoweroptions.Ifyouwanttoshut downtheguestoperatingsystem,shutitdownfromwithinthevirtualmachineconsole beforeyoupoweroffthevirtualmachine. TheinstallersforVMwareToolsforWindows,Linux,andNetWareguestoperating systemsarebuiltintoESXServerasISOimagefiles.AnISOimagefilelookslikea CDROMtoyourguestoperatingsystemandevenappearsasaCDROMdiscin WindowsExplorer.YoudonotuseanactualCDROMdisctoinstallVMwareTools,nor doyouneedtodownloadtheCDROMimageorburnaphysicalCDROMofthis imagefile. WhenyouchooseVirtualMachine>InstallVMwareToolsfromtheVMware VirtualCentermenu,VMwareVirtualCentertemporarilyconnectsthevirtual machinesfirstvirtualCDROMdiskdrivetotheISOimagefilethatcontainsthe VMwareToolsinstallerforyourguestoperatingsystem.Youarereadytobeginthe installationprocess. To install or upgrade VMware Tools (SEE UPDATE) 1 2 3 FromVirtualCenter,poweronthevirtualmachine. Whentheguestoperatingsystemstarts,chooseVirtualMachines>Install VMwareTools. Frominsidethevirtualmachine,clickYestolaunchtheInstallShieldWizard.
Followtheonscreeninstructions.
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Options Tab
Fromthistabyoucansynchronizethetimebetweentheguestandserviceconsoleand showVMwareToolsinthetaskbar. To synchronize the time between the guest and service console Theguestservicecansynchronizethedateandtimeintheguestoperatingsystemwith thetimeintheserviceconsoleonceeveryminute. 1 IntheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,selecttheOthertab(OptionsinaLinuxguest), andselectTimesynchronizationbetweenthevirtualmachineandthehost operatingsystem. Inaddition,theguestservicecansynchronizethedateandtimeintheguestwith theserviceconsoleinresponsetovarioussystemevents,(forexample,whenyou resumefromdisk).Youcandisablethisintheconfigurationfilebysetting:
time.synchronize.resume.disk = FALSE
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Devices Tab
OntheDevicestabyoucanviewalistofallremovabledevices(suchasfloppyand CDROMdrives)availabletothevirtualmachineandwhethertheyareconnectedor disconnected.Youcanalsoconnectordisconnectanyofthelisteddevices. To connect a device to the virtual machine 1 2 SelecttheDevicestab. Selectthecheckboxbythedeviceyouwanttoconnect.
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ClickApply. ClickOKtoexitthePropertiesdialogbox.
Scripts Tab
ThroughVMwareToolsyoucanrunscriptsthatexecutewhenyouchangethepower stateofyourvirtualmachine(thatis,whenyoupoweron,poweroff,suspend,or resumethevirtualmachine). AdefaultscriptforeachpowerstateisincludedinVMwareTools.Thesescriptsare locatedintheguestoperatingsysteminC:\Program Files\VMware
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Toeditascript,clickEdit. Thescriptopensinyourdefaulteditor.Makeyourchangesthere.
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About Tab
TheAbouttabcontainsinformationaboutVMwareTools,suchasthebuildnumber.
To mass upgrade tools and virtual hardware on multiple virtual machines Thistool,availablefromtheVirtualCenterinstallationdirectory,canbeusedonlyfrom thecommandlinewiththefollowingoptions:
vmware-vmupgrade.exe -u user [-p password] [-n vmname] [-h host] [-m maxpowerons] [-s] [-q]
-p password -n vmname
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-s -q
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SelectingthevirtualmachineandthepoweroptionfromtheInventory>Virtual Machinemenu.
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Thepowerstatetopicsarecoveredinthefollowingsections:
UnderstandingVirtualMachinePowerStatesonpage 142 UnderstandingTransitionalPowerStatesonpage 144 ManuallyPoweringaVirtualMachineOnandOffonpage 144 UsingSuspendandResumeonpage 145 SchedulingaPowerStateChangeforaVirtualMachineonpage 146
PoweronPowersonthevirtualmachineandbootstheguestoperatingsystemif theguestoperatingsystemisinstalled. PoweroffPowersoffthevirtualmachine.Thevirtualmachinedoesnotattempt toshutdowntheguestoperatingsystemgracefully. SuspendPausesthevirtualmachineactivity.Alltransactionsarefrozenuntilyou issuearesumecommand. ResumeAllowsvirtualmachineactivitytocontinueandreleasestheSuspended state. ResetShutsdowntheguestoperatingsystemandrestartsit.Thisoperation dependsontheoperatingsystembeingshutdown.Ifshutdownisnotautomatic forthatoperatingsystem,VMwareToolsmustbeinstalled.
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Toolbarpowerbuttonsperformasfollows:
PoweroffPowersoffthevirtualmachine.Apoweroffoperationdisplaysa confirmationdialogboxindicatingthattheguestoperatingsystemmightnotshut downproperly. PoweronPowersonavirtualmachinewhenavirtualmachineisstopped,or resumesthevirtualmachineandrunsascriptwhenitissuspendedandVMware Toolsisinstalledandavailable.Resumesthevirtualmachineanddoesnotruna scriptwhenVMwareToolsisnotinstalled. SuspendSuspendsthevirtualmachinewithoutrunningascriptwhenVMware Toolsisnotinstalled,orrunsascript,andsuspendsthevirtualmachinewhen VMwareToolsisinstalledandavailable. ResetResetsthevirtualmachinewhenVMwareToolsisnotinstalled,and restartstheguestoperatingsystemwhenVMwareToolsisinstalledandavailable. Aresetoperationdisplaysaconfirmationdialogboxindicatingthattheguest operatingsystemisnotshutdownproperly. Thespecificformofthepowerstateactioncanbemodifiedtoincludeguest operatingsystemshutdownsornotandtoincluderunningscriptsornot.To configurepoweroperationsettingschoosehost>Configuration>Virtual Machinestartup/shutdown.
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power on
power off
powered on
resume
suspend state
suspended
command
Clickthepoweroptionfromthetoolbar.
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ThePowerOffbuttononthetoolbar,bydefault,performsahardpoweroff. Toperformagracefulshutdownofaguestoperatingsystem,usethe rightclickoptionorshutdowntheoperatingsystemdirectlyfrominsidethe guest.Alternatively,thebehaviorofthepowerbuttoncanbechangedona pervirtualmachine. Rightclickthevirtualmachineandchooseapoweroption. Thepopupmenuonavirtualmachinedisplaystwooptions:PowerOffand ShutDown.PowerOff,sometimescalledhardpoweroff,isanalogousto pullingthepowercableonaphysicalmachine,andalwaysworks.Shut Down,orsoftpoweroff,leveragesVMwaretoolstoperformagraceful shutdownofaguestoperatingsystem.Incertainsituations,suchaswhen VMwareToolsisnotinstalledortheguestoperatingsystemishung, shutdownmightnotsucceed.
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To resume a virtual machine that you have suspended 1 2 StartVMwareVirtualInfrastructureClient,andselectavirtualmachinethatyou havesuspended. ClickthePowerOnbuttonontheVMwareVirtualInfrastructureClienttoolbar,or choosethePowerOnoptionfromthepopupmenuortheCommandswindow. Applicationsyouwererunningatthetimeyoususpendedthevirtualmachineare running,andthecontentisthesameasitwaswhenyoususpendedthevirtual machine.
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SelectChangethepowerstateofavirtualmachine,andclickOK.
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TheChangeaVirtualMachinesPowerStatewizardappearsanddisplaysthe SelectanEntitypage.
Selectthevirtualmachinewhosestateyouwanttochange. TheSelectaPowerOperationscreenappears.
ClickaPowerOperationoption.
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ClickNext. Selectthevirtualmachinewhosepowerstatechanges.
ClickNext. TheScheduletheTaskscreenappears.
Namethetask,giveadescription,andspecifythetimingofthetask.
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Browsetotheexistingvirtualdisk,andclickNext.
Browseforadatastore.
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To remove a virtual machine from Virtual Infrastructure Client and the datastore 1 2 3 4 NOTE FromtheVirtualInfrastructureClient,clicktheInventorybuttoninthenavigation bar. Expandtheinventoryasneeded,andclicktheappropriatevirtualmachine. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseDeleteFromDiskfromthevirtualmachinespopupmenu. Thisremovesallthefilesfortheselectedvirtualmachine,includingthe configurationfileandthevirtualdiskfiles. ToconfirmremovingthevirtualmachinefromVirtualInfrastructureClientand thedatastore,clickOK.
VirtualInfrastructureClientremovesthevirtualmachinefromitsdatastore entirely.
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ClicktheVirtualMachineStartup/Shutdownlink.
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Thevirtualmachinestartupandshutdowninformationappears.
ClickProperties. TheVirtualMachineStartupandShutdowndialogboxappears.
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ClickOKtoexitthedialogboxwhenyouarethroughchangingthesystem settings.
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Makechangesasneededtothedevicestatus,connection,orvirtualdevicenodefor thevirtualmachinetouse. IfyoudonotwanttheCDROMdriveconnectedwhenthevirtualmachinestarts, deselectConnectatpoweron. SelecttheUsephysicaldriveradiobuttontoconnectthevirtualmachinesdriveto aphysicaldriveonthehostcomputer. YoucanaccessaclientCDROMdeviceorhostCDROMdevice.Therearetwo typesofDVD/CDROMaccess: a b UsePassthrough(raw)modeonlyforremoteclientdeviceaccess. UseATAPIemulationtoaccessahostCDROMdevice.
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ThelocalorhostCDROMdeviceisaccessedthroughemulationmode. PassthroughmodeisnotfunctionalforlocalhostCDROMaccess.Youcan writeorburnaremoteCDonlythroughpassthroughmodeaccess,butin emulationmodeyoucanonlyreadaCDROMfromahostCDROMdevice. 6 7 8 9 10 Ifyouelectedtouseaphysicaldrive,choosethedrivetousefromthedropdown list. Alternatively,selectUseISOImagetoconnectthevirtualmachinesdrivetoan ISOimagefile. IfyouselectedUseISOImage,clickBrowsetonavigatetothefile. UnderVirtualdevicenode,usethepulldownmenutochoosethedevicenodethe driveusesinthevirtualmachine. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses. To change the floppy drive configuration 1 2 ClicktheHardwaretab. ClickthefloppydriveintheDevicelist.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses.
ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses.
To change the SCSI controller configuration YoucanchangetheSCSIcontrollerconfigurationforavirtualmachineonanESX Serverhostonly. CAUTION ChangingtheSCSIcontrollertypemightresultinavirtualmachineboot failure.
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SelectthetypeofsharingintheSCSIBusSharinglist:
ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses.
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IfyouselectedUsephysicalserialport,usethepulldownmenutochoosetheport onthehostcomputerthatyouwanttouseforthisserialconnection. IfyouselectedUseoutputfile,browsetothelocationofthefileonthehostthat youwanttousetostoretheoutputofthevirtualserialport. IfyouselectedUsenamedpipe,usethedefaultpipenameorenteranotherpipe nameofyourchoiceinthePipeNamelist. ForaserialpipeforavirtualmachineonanESXServerhostforLinuxhost,enter /tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIXsocketnameofyourchoice. Thendecidewhetheryouareconnectingtwovirtualmachinesorconnectinga virtualmachinetoanapplicationonthehost.
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SelectAvirtualmachineintheFarendlist.
Bydefault,theserialportisconnectedwhenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine. YoumightdeselecttheConnectatpoweroncheckbox(optional). 8 UnderI/OMode,decidewhethertoconfigurethisserialporttouseinterrupt modeorpolledmode. Polledmodeisofinterestprimarilytodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtools thatcommunicateoveraserialconnection. Polledmodecausesthevirtualmachinetoconsumeadisproportionateshareof processor(orCPU)time.Thismakesthehostandotherguestsrunsluggishly.To maintainbestperformanceforapplicationsonthehost,selecttheYieldCPUon pollcheckbox.Thisforcestheaffectedvirtualmachinetouseinterruptmode, whichyieldsprocessor(orCPU)timeiftheonlytaskitistryingtodoispollthe virtualserialport. 9 ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses. To change the virtual processor or CPU configuration IfthevirtualmachineisonanESXServerhostandyouhaveVMwareVirtualSMPfor ESXServer,whichsupportssymetricmultiprocessors(SMP),youcanconfigurea virtualmachinetohaveuptofourvirtualprocessorsorCPUs.VirtualSMPcanuse twowayorfourwaySMP. CAUTION NotallguestoperatingsystemssupportSMP,andmostthatdorequire reinstallationifthenumberofprocessorsorCPUschanges.
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1 2
ClicktheHardwaretab. ClickVirtualProcessororCPUintheHardwarelist.
ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses.
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Thestopbuttononthetoolbarcanbeconfiguredtopoweroffthevirtualmachine orshutdowntheguestoperatingsystem.Theresetbuttononthetoolbarcanbe configuredtoresetthevirtualmachineorrestarttheguestoperatingsystem. 4 5 ChoosethedesiredactionsinthelistsunderPowerControls. (Optional)ConfigureVMwareToolsscriptstorunautomaticallywhenyouchange thevirtualmachinespowerstatebycheckingtheappropriateoptionsunderRun VMwareToolsscripts. ForESXServervirtualmachines,therearenoscriptsforresumingandsuspending virtualmachines. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses.
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GuestPowerManagementallowsyoutodeterminehowthevirtualmachine respondswhentheguestoperatingsystem(OS)isplacedonstandby. 4 5 6 UnderGuestPowerManagement,selecteitherSuspendtheVirtualMachineor StandbytheguestOS,andleavethevirtualmachinepoweredon. (Optional)Ifyouelectedtoleavethevirtualmachineon,selectWakeonLANfor virtualmachinetrafficonyourvirtualmachinenetworkbyselectingthecheckbox. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses. To change advanced virtual machine settings 1 2 3 ClicktheOptionstab. Viewtheadvancedoptions. ClickAdvancedintheSettingslist.
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TheAdvancedpaneappearswiththefollowingoptions:
Todisableacceleration,selecttheDisableaccelerationcheckbox. Youcanenableanddisableaccelerationwhilethevirtualmachineisrunning. Inrareinstances,youmightfindthatwhenyouinstallorrunsoftwareinside avirtualmachine,thevirtualmachineappearstohang.Generally,the problemoccursearlyintheprogramsexecution.Inmanycases,youcanget pasttheproblembytemporarilydisablingaccelerationinthevirtualmachine. Thissettingslowsdownvirtualmachineperformance,souseitonlyfor gettingpasttheproblemwithrunningtheprogram.Aftertheprogramstops encounteringproblems,deselectDisableacceleration.Youmightthenbeable toruntheprogramwithacceleration.
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Toenablelogging,selecttheEnableloggingcheckbox. Thisoptionstartslogstocollectdata.
Clicktheclosebuttontoexitthelegend.
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CPU Resources
TheCPUResourcespanelletsyouallocateprocessorresourcesforavirtualmachine, specifyingreservations,limits,andshares.Youcaneditsomeofthesameinformation ontheResourcePoolstabofthemainVIClientwindow,whichyoumightdotoedit resourcesettingsatthesametimeyoueditedothervirtualmachinesettings.
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Selectasharesvalue,whichrepresentsarelativemetricforallocatingCPU capacity.
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Hyperthreadingtechnologyallowsasinglephysicalprocessortobehaveliketwo logicalprocessors.Theprocessorcanruntwoindependentapplicationsatthesame time.Whilehyperthreadingdoesnotdoubletheperformanceofasystem,itcan increaseperformancebybetterutilizingidleresources.Fordetailedinformationabout hyperthreadinganditsuseinVMwareInfrastructure,seetheResourceManagement Guide(chooseHelp>Manuals). VMwareESXServergenerallymanagesprocessorschedulingwell,evenwhen hyperthreadingisenabled.Thesettingsonthispageareusefulonlyforfinegrained tweakingofcriticalvirtualmachines. TheHyperthreadingSharingoptionprovidesdetailedcontroloverwhetheravirtual machineshouldbescheduledtoshareaphysicalprocessorcore(assuming hyperthreadingisenabledonthehostatall). TheSchedulingAffinityoptionallowsfinegrainedcontroloverhowvirtualmachine CPUsaredistributedacrossthehostsphysicalcores(andhyperthreadsif hyperthreadingisenabled). To change Advanced CPU settings 1 2 ClicktheResourcestab. SelectAdvancedCPUintheSettingslist.
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ChooseHyperthreadingSharingModefromthepulldownmenu.Theoptionsare:
Any(default)ThevirtualCPUsofthisvirtualmachinecanfreelysharecores withothervirtualCPUsofthisorothervirtualmachines. NoneThevirtualCPUsofthisvirtualmachinehaveexclusiveuseofa processorcorewhenevertheyarescheduledtoit.Theotherhyperthreadof thecoreishaltedwhilethisvirtualmachineisusingthecore. InternalOnavirtualmachinewithexactlytwovirtualprocessors,thetwo virtualprocessorsareallowedtoshareonephysicalcore(atthediscretionof theESXServerscheduler),butthisvirtualmachineneversharesacorewith anyothervirtualmachine.Ifthisvirtualmachinehasanyothernumberof processorsotherthantwo,thissettingisthesameastheNonesetting.
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ChoosetoscheduleaffinitybyselectingtheRunonprocessor(s)radiobutton. ThisoptionisnotallowedwhenthevirtualmachineresidesonaDRScluster,and itsvaluesareclearedwhenavirtualmachineismigratedtoanewhost.Thevalue oftheoptionisonlyintuningtheperformanceofaprecisesetofvirtualmachines onthesamehost. Thecheckboxesfortheindividualprocessorsrepresentphysicalcoresif hyperthreadingisdisabledorlogicalcores(twoperphysicalcore)if hyperthreadingisenabled.Checkingalltheboxesisthesameasnotapplyingany affinity.Youmustprovideatleastasmanyprocessoraffinitiesasthenumberof virtualCPUsinthevirtualmachine.
ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses.
Memory Resources
TheMemoryResourcespanelletsyouallocatememoryresourcesforavirtualmachine andspecifyreservations,limits,andshares.Youcaneditsomeofthesameinformation ontheResourcePoolstabofthemainVIClientwindow,whichyoumightdotoedit resourcesettingsatthesametimeasothervirtualmachinesettings.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses.
Disk Resources
TheDiskResourcespanelletsyouallocatehostdiskI/Obandwidthtothevirtualhard disksofthisvirtualmachine.DiskI/Oisahostcentricresourceandcannotbepooled acrossacluster.However,CPUandmemoryresourcesaremuchmorelikelyto constrainvirtualmachineperformancethandiskresources.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. TheVirtualMachinePropertiesdialogboxcloses.
FromtheVirtualCenterclient,clickInventoryinthenavigationbar. Expandtheinventoryasneeded,andclicktheappropriatevirtualmachine.
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ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard.
Followthestepsinthefollowingsectionstoaddvarioustypesofvirtualhardware toyourvirtualmachine. To add a serial port 1 2 3 4 5 StarttheAddHardwarewizard. SelectSerialPort,andclickNext. Selectthetypeofmediayouwantthevirtualporttoaccess:useaphysicalserial portonthehost,outputtoafile,orconnecttoanamedpipe. ClickNext. IfyouselectedUsephysicalserialportonthehost,usethepulldownlistto choosetheportonthehostcomputerthatyouwanttouseforthisserial connection. IfyouselectedOutputtofile,browsetothefileonthehostthatyouwanttouseto storetheoutputofthevirtualserialport. IfyouselectedConnecttonamedpipe,enterapipenameinthePipeNamefield andusethepulldownmenustochoosethenearandfarendsofthepipe.
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Theoptionsforthenearendareclientorserver.Theoptionsforthefarendarea processoravirtualmachine. Bydefault,theserialportisconnectedwhenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine. 8 9 (Optional)YoumaydeselecttheConnectatpoweroncheckbox. (Optional)DeselecttheI/OmodeYieldCPUonpollcheckboxifyouwantto configurethisserialporttouseinterruptmodeasopposedtopolledmode. Polledmodeisofinterestprimarilytodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtools thatcommunicateoveraserialconnection.Polledmodecausesthevirtualmachine toconsumeadisproportionateshareofCPUtime.Thismakesthehostandother guestsrunsluggishly. 10 (Optional)Tomaintainbestperformanceforapplicationsonthehost,selectthe YieldCPUonpollcheckbox. Thisforcestheaffectedvirtualmachinetouseinterruptmode,whichyieldsCPU timeiftheonlytaskitistryingtodoispollthevirtualserialport. 11 ReviewtheinformationontheReadytoCompletewindow,andclickFinish.
To add a parallel port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 StarttheAddHardwarewizard. SelectParallelPort,andclickNext. SelectphysicalparallelportonthehostorOutputtofile. ClickNext. IfyouselectedUsephysicalparallelportonthehost,choosetheportfromthe pulldownlist.IfyouselectedOutputtofile,browsetothelocationofthefile. UnderDevicestatus,deselecttheConnectatpoweroncheckboxifyoudonot wanttheparallelportdevicetobeconnectedwhenthevirtualmachinepowerson. ClickNext. ReviewtheinformationontheReadytoCompletewindow,andclickFinish.
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To add a DVD/CD-ROM drive 1 2 3 StarttheAddHardwarewizard. SelectDVD/CDROMDrive,andclickNext. SelecteitherUsephysicaldriveorUseISOimage. a IfyouselectedUsephysicaldrive,selecteitherclientorhostasthedevice location.Choosethedriveyouwanttousefromthepulldownlist. Selectpassthroughandusethecheckboxtoindicatewhethertoconnect exclusivelytothevirtualmachine,orselectATAPIemulation.
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IfyouselectedUseISOImage,enterthepathandfilenamefortheimagefile, orclickBrowsetonavigatetothefile.
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ClickNext.
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To add a hard disk 1 2 3 StarttheAddHardwarewizard. SelectHardDisk,andclickNext. Selectthetypeofstorageforthevirtualmachinesdisk,andclickNext. Youcanstorevirtualmachinedatainanewvirtualdisk,anexistingvirtualdisk, oraMappedSANLUN.Avirtualdisk,whichappearsasasingleharddisktothe guestoperatingsystem,iscomposedofoneormorefilesonthehostfilesystem. Virtualdiskscaneasilybecopiedormovedonthesamehostorbetweenhosts.
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IfyouselectedCreateanewvirtualdisk,enterthediskcapacityandselectthe locationaseitherStorewiththevirtualmachineorSpecifyadatastore. Browseforthedatastorelocation,andclickNext. Ifyouselectedanexistingdisk,browseforthediskfilepathandclickNext. IfyouchoseMappedSANLUN: a b c SelecttheLUNthatyouwanttousefortherawdisk,andclickNext. SelectadatastoreandclickNext. Selectthecompatibilitymode:physicaltoallowtheguestoperatingsystemto accessthehardwaredirectlyorvirtualtoallowthevirtualmachinetouse VMwaresnapshotsandotheradvancedfunctions.
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To add a SCSI device 1 2 3 4 5 StarttheAddHardwarewizard. SelectSCSIDevice,andclickNext. UnderConnection,usethepulldownmenutochoosethephysicaldeviceyou wanttouse. ToconnectthisvirtualmachinetotheserversSCSIdevicewhenthevirtual machineispoweredon,selectConnectatpoweron. UnderVirtualdevicenode,selectthevirtualdevicenodewhereyouwantthis devicetoappearinthevirtualmachine. Youcanalsoselectthecheckboxtoindicatethatthevirtualdeviceissetupinthe samewayasthephysicalunit. 6 ReviewtheinformationontheReadytoCompletewindow,andclickFinish.
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Nowthatyouhavecreatedandconfiguredavirtualmachine,youhavetheoptionto customizetheidentityandnetworksettingsofyourvirtualmachinesguestoperating systemsothatitisreadytobeginworkimmediatelyinyourtargetenvironment. Youcansaveyourvirtualmachinesettingsinaspecificationthatyoucanrecalllater andreuse.Youdothisusingthecustomizationwizard.Therearetwowaystoaccess thecustomizationwizard:usingthecustomizationspecificationmanager,whichlets youcreatespecificationsandstoretheminthedatabaseforlateruse,andusingthe wizardwhenyourecloninganewvirtualmachine. NOTE Customizingtheguestoperatingsystemisanoptionalstepinthecloningprocess. ThischapterdescribeshowtousetheCustomizationSpecificationManagerto customizeyourguestoperatingsystems. Thischaptercontainsthefollowingsections:
PreparingforGuestCustomization(SEEUPDATE)onpage 190 CustomizingaWindowsGuestOperatingSystemonpage 190 UsingtheCustomizationSpecificationWizardonpage 196 UsingtheCloneVirtualMachineWizardonpage 199 CompletingaGuestOperatingSystemCustomizationonpage 200
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Verifythatyoursystemmeetstheguestcustomizationrequirements.Ifyouplanto customizeaWindowsguestoperatingsystem,youmustinstallthecomponents requiredtosupportaWindowsguestoperatingsystemcustomization.Thisis describedinAppendix B,InstallingtheMicrosoftSysprepTools,onpage 345. InstalltherequiredcomponentsontheWindowsmachinewheretheVirtualCenter serverisinstalled. AfterdeployingandcustomizingnonvolumelicensedversionsofWindows XPor Windows 2003,youmightneedtoreactivateyourMicrosoftoperatingsystemon thenewvirtualmachine.
NOTE
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OntheRegistrationInformationpage,enterthevirtualmachineownersname andorganization.ClickNext.
Thecomputernameisthenamegiventotheparticularinstanceofaguest operatingsystem.Theoperatingsystemusesthisnametoidentifyitselfonthe
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ByassigningaspecificnameThenamecancontainalphanumeric charactersandtheunderscore(_)andhyphen()characters.Itcannotcontain periods(.)orblankspacesandcannotbemadeupofdigitsonly.Ifyouwant toensurethatthenameisuniquesothatyoudonotincurconflicts,select Appendanumericvaluetoensureuniqueness. ByusingthevirtualmachinesnameThecomputernamethat VirtualCentercreatesisidenticaltothenameofthevirtualmachineonwhich theguestoperatingsystemisrunning. ByrespondingtopromptsforanameTheVIClientpopulatestheDeploy VirtualMachineWizardwithapromptforthecomputernameafteryou completeallthestepsinthewizard. ByusingacustomapplicationtogenerateanameTheVIClientcallsa customapplicationstoredontheVirtualCenterServertogenerateaname.If youselectthisoption,entertheabsolutepathtothecustomapplicationinthe associatedtextfield.
OntheWindowsLicensepage,specifytheWindowslicensekeyforthenewguest operatingsystem.ClickNext.
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Ifyouleavethepasswordblank,theVIClientasksyoutoconfirmthat Administratorusersarentrequiredtoprovideapassword. NOTE IfyouspecifyanewadministratorpasswordandthesourceWindowsvirtual machineortemplatealreadyhasone,youmustselectDeletealluseraccountsin Step 11.Otherwise,theoldadministratorpassworddoesnotchange. Ifyouwanttoautomaticallylogonasadministratorwhenthevirtualmachine boots,selectAutomaticallylogonastheadministratorandspecifyhowmany timesautomaticlogonistobeperformed.Thisisusefulifyouknowyouwillhave aseriesofrebootsbeforethevirtualmachineisreadyfornormallogonusers. 6 7 OntheTimeZonepage,choosethetimezoneforthevirtualmachine.ClickNext. OntheRunOncepage,typeanycommandsyouwanttorunaspartofthefirst startupforthenewvirtualmachine.Afteryoutypeeachcommand,clickAdd.Use theDeleteandMoveoptionstocreatetherunorderforthecommands.Whenyou aredonewiththecommandlist,clickNext. IfyouwantVirtualCentertoautomaticallyconfigureallnetworkinterfacesfroma DHCPserver,selectTypicalsettingsontheNetworkpage.ClickNext.
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UsetheNetworkPropertiesdialogboxtoperformthesesteps: a OntheGeneraltab,selectwhetheryouwanttouseDHCPtoobtainanIP addressautomaticallyorentertheIPaddressesmanually.Alsoselectwhether youwanttouseDHCPtoobtainanDNSserveraddressautomaticallyorenter theDNSserveraddressesmanually. OntheDNStab,specifytheDNSconnectionsbyenteringDNSsuffixes.For eachDNSsuffixyouenter,clickAdd.IfyouareaddingmultipleDNS connections,useMoveUpandMoveDowntospecifytheorderinwhicha virtualmachineistousetheconnections. OntheWINStab,specifytheprimaryandsecondaryWINSaddressesby typingtheIPaddressesintheentryboxes. ClickOKtoreturntothepreviousdialogbox.ClickNextontheNetwork GuestCustomizationsdialogbox.
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OntheWorkgrouporDomainpage,completeoneofthesesteps:
Tojoinaworkgroup,selectWorkgroup,typetheworkgroupname,andclick Next.
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OntheOperatingSystemOptionspage,selecttheguestoperatingsystemoptions asfollows:
VirtualCentersavesthecustomizedconfigurationparametersinan.xmlfile. Later,youcanimportthesepredefinedcustomizedparameterswhendeployinga templateorcloninganexistingvirtualmachine.Ifthecustomizationsettingsare savedtoafile,theadministratorpasswordoftheWindowsvirtualmachineand thedomainadministratorspassword,asapplicable,arestoredinencrypted formatinthe.xmlfile.SavedcustomizationfilesareuniquetoeachVirtualCenter ServerandtoeachversionofVirtualCenterduetoencryption.Youmustrecreate thecustomizationfilesforeachVirtualCenterServer.Encryptionispreserved betweenupgradeversionsonthesameVirtualCenterServer.Thismeansyoucan usethesamefilesbetweenupgradesofVirtualCenter. 13 ClickFinish. VirtualCenterclosestheGuestCustomizationwizardandreturnsyoutothe DeployTemplateWizardorCloneVirtualMachineWizard. 14 ClickFinishtodeploythevirtualmachinefromthetemplateorcreatetheclone.
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Tospecifyanameforthecomputer,selecttheradiobuttonforoneofthefollowing:
Useaspecificname
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ClickNext. TheoperatingsystemLicensepageappears.
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Selectthecheckboxifyouwanttoautomaticallylogonastheadministrator,and choosethenumberoftimestologon. ClickNext. Usethepulldownmenutochooseatimezone,andclickNext. IntheRunOncepage,specifycommandstoberunthefirsttimeauserlogson. Usethenavigationbuttonstoadd,delete,andmovecommandsupordown. ClickNext. Specifythenetworkinterfacesettingsifyouwanttocustomizethesoftware settingsforeachnetworkinterface.Selecttheradiobuttonfortypicalsettingsto enableDHCPforallnetworkinterfacesortheradiobuttonforcustomsettingsto manuallyconfigureeachnetworkinterface.
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TheCustomizationSpecificationPropertiesdialogboxappears.
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Formoreinformationonusingthecustomizationwizard,seeCustomizinga WindowsGuestOperatingSystemonpage 190. To load a saved customization specification using the Clone Virtual Machine wizard 1 ChooseInventory>VirtualMachine>Clone. TheCloneVirtualMachinewizardappears. 2 MovethroughthewizarduntilyoureachtheSelectGuestCustomizationOption pagefromwhichyoucancustomizeusingtheCustomizationwizardorcustomize usinganexistingcustomizationspecificationselectedfromthespecification managerslist.
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Thischapterdescribescreatingtemplatesandcloningvirtualmachines. Thischaptercontainsthefollowingsections:
UnderstandingTemplatesonpage 203 CreatingTemplatesonpage 204 EditingaTemplateonpage 208 DeployingVirtualMachinesfromTemplatesonpage 209 DeletingaTemplateonpage 212 RegainingTemplatesonpage 213 CreatingaScheduledTasktoCloneaVirtualMachineonpage 218
Understanding Templates
Atemplateisagoldenimageofavirtualmachinethatcanbeusedasamastercopyto createandprovisionnewvirtualmachines.Thisimagetypicallyincludesaspecified operatingsystemandconfigurationthatprovidesvirtualcounterpartstohardware components.Typically,atemplateincludesaninstalledguestoperatingsystemanda setofapplications. Templatescoexistwithvirtualmachinesatanylevelwithinthetemplateandvirtual machinedomain.Youcanordercollectionsofvirtualmachinesandtemplatesinto arbitraryfoldersandapplyavarietyofpermissionstobothvirtualmachinesand templates.Virtualmachinescanbetransformedintotemplateswithoutrequiringafull copyofthevirtualmachinefilesandthecreationofanewobject.
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template icon
Creating Templates
Therearethreewaystocreateatemplate:
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TheCloneVirtualMachinetoTemplatewizardappears.
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TheCloneTemplatewizardappears.
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Selectthehostorcluster,andclickNext. Chooseadatastoreforthetemplate.ClickNext.
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SelectaradiobuttontoeitherleavethevirtualdisksintheirNormalvirtual machineformatortoCompactthevirtualdiskstominimizestorage.ClickNext.
Editing a Template
Youmightwanttoedityourtemplate(toupgradeanapplication,forexample). However,templatescannotbeeditedastemplates.Youmustconvertthetemplatetoa virtualmachine,editit,andconverttheeditedvirtualmachinetoatemplate. To edit the template 1 2 3 Ifyouwanttoeditthepropertiesofatemplate,convertthetemplatetoavirtual machine. Editthevirtualmachine. Convertthevirtualmachinetoatemplate.
Youcandirectlychangethenameofatemplateusingtheprocedurebelow.
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To change the name of a template 1 2 3 4 5 6 FromtheVirtualCenterclient,clicktheInventorybutton. Selectthedatacenterthatcontainsthetemplate. SelecttheVirtualMachinestab. Clickonthetemplate.Clickthetemplateagain. Thenameofthevirtualmachineisnowaneditablefield. Changethename,andclickoutsidethefield.
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TheDeployTemplatewizardappears.
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OntheSelectGuestCustomizationOptionpage,performoneoftheseactions:
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specificationthatyoucreate.Forinstructions,seeCustomizingGuest OperatingSystemsonpage 189. TheVIClientmightdisplayerrormessagesonthispageofthewizardiftheguest isnotcustomizable. 10 OntheReadytoCompletewindow,reviewtheinformationforyournewvirtual machine,selectthePoweronthenewVirtualMachineaftercreationcheckboxif youwanttopoweronthevirtualmachineimmediately,andclickFinish. AfteryouclickFinish,youcannotuseoreditthevirtualmachineuntilthetask completes.Thismighttakeseveralminutes.Thevirtualmachineisaddedtothe datastore. To convert a template to a virtual machine 1 2 StartVirtualCenterclient,andlogontotheVirtualCenterServer. ClicktheInventorybuttoninthenavigationbar. Theinventorypanelandtheinformationpaneldisplayinformationabout manageddatacenters,hosts,resourcepools,andvirtualmachines.Theinventory toolbarappears. 3 Selectthedatacenterthatcontainsthetemplate. Thevirtualmachinesandtemplatesassociatedwiththedatacenterappearinthe datacenterpanel. 4 ClicktheVirtualMachinestab.
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Fromthepopupmenu,chooseConverttoVirtualMachine.
Thetemplateisconvertedtoavirtualmachine.
Deleting a Template
Thisprocedureunregistersanddeletesthetemplate. To delete an existing template 1 2 3 4 ClicktheInventorybutton. Selecttheappropriatetemplate. Rightclickthetemplate,andchooseRemovefromInventory. ConfirmremovingthetemplatefromtheVirtualCenterdatabase.ClickOK.
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AllnondatastoretemplatefilesareremovedfromtheVirtualCenterinventory.
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Regaining Templates
Templatesareassociatedwithhosts,andtheonlywaytoregainorregistertemplates afterremovingandaddingahostistousethedatastorebrowsertolocatethetemplate. Thenusetheinventorywizardtonameandregisterthe.vmtxfileasatemplateback intoVirtualCenter. To regain a template: 1 2 3 4 StartVirtualCenterclient,andlogontotheVirtualCenterServer. ClicktheInventorybuttoninthenavigationbar,andselectthehostthatcontains thetemplate. RightclickthedatastorethatcontainsthetemplateandselectBrowseDatastore. Browsethroughthedatastorefolderstofindthe.vmtxfile.
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Rightclickthe.vmtxfileandselectAddtoInventory.
TheAddtoInventorywizardappears.
Enteratemplatemachinename,selectalocation,andclickNext. Selectahostorclusteronwhichtostorethetemplate,andclickNext.
Reviewyourselections,andclickFinish.
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ThetemplateisregisteredtothehostandcanbeviewedfromthehostsVirtual Machinetab.
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TheCloneVirtualMachinewizardappears.
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Enteravirtualmachinename,selectalocation,andclickNext. Selectahostorclusteronwhichtoruntheclone,andclickNext.
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Ifyouchooseacluster,youmustchooseaspecifichostwithinthecluster,andclick Next.
Selectaresourcepoolinwhichtoruntheclone,andclickNext.
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Selectthedatastorelocationwhereyouwanttostorethevirtualmachinefiles,and clickNext.
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ClicktheAdvancedbuttonformoreoptions,andclickNext.
TheSelectGuestCustomizationOptionpageappears.Youcanchooseto customizetheguestoperatingsystemusingthewizardorusinganexisting customizationspecification.Youcanalsochoosenottocustomize. Formoreinformation,seeCustomizingGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 189. 12 13 Selecttheappropriateradiobutton,andclickNext. Reviewyourselections,andclickFinish. OntheReadytoCompleteNewVirtualMachinepage,youcanselectthecheckbox topoweronthenewvirtualmachineaftercreation.AfteryouclickFinish,you cannotuseoreditthevirtualmachineuntilthetaskcompletes.Ifthetaskinvolves thecreationofavirtualdisk,itcouldtakeseveralminutestocomplete.
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Using Snapshots
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Understanding Snapshots
Asnapshotcapturestheentirestateofthevirtualmachineatthetimeyoutakethe snapshot.Thisincludes:
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NOTE
Snapshotsofrawdisks,RDMphysicalmodedisks,orindependentdisksarenot supported. Snapshotsareusefulwhenyouneedtorevertrepeatedlytothesamestatebutyoudont wanttocreatemultiplevirtualmachines.Withsnapshots,youcreatebackupand restorepositionsinalinearprocess.Youcanalsopreserveabaselinebeforediverging avirtualmachineinaprocesstree. Snapshotscanbeusedasrestorationpointsduringalinearoriterativeprocess,suchas installingupdatepackages,orduringabranchingprocess,suchasinstallingdifferent versionsofaprogram.Takingsnapshotsensuresthateachinstallationbeginsfroman identicalbaseline. Multiplesnapshotsreferstotheabilitytocreatemorethanonesnapshotofthesame virtualmachine.Totakesnapshotsofmultiplevirtualmachines,(forexample, snapshotsforallmembersofateam)requiresthatyoutakeaseparatesnapshotofeach teammember. Multiplesnapshotsarenotsimplyanewwayofsavingyourvirtualmachines.With multiplesnapshots,youcansavemanypositionstoaccommodatemanykindsofwork processes. Althoughyoucantakesnapshotsupto32levels,theamountoftimeittakestocommit ordeletethosesnapshotsincreasesasthelevelsgetdeeper.Therequiredtimeisdirectly proportionaltotheamountofdata(committedordeleted)andthevirtualmachines RAMsize.
Youcanreverttoaparentorachild.
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Taking a Snapshot
Takingasnapshotisasynchronousoperation.Alluseroperationstothevirtual machineduringthisperiodareblockedforsnapshotanddataconsistency.Thetime takentodevelopasnapshotdependsontheamountofdataandtheloadontheserver. Onaverage,thetimerangesfrom30to40secondsforminimalsnapshotcreation. Youcantakeasnapshotwhileavirtualmachineispoweredon,poweredoff,or suspended.Ifyouaresuspendingavirtualmachine,waituntilthesuspendoperation hasfinishedbeforetakingasnapshot. Youmustpoweroffthevirtualmachinebeforetakingasnapshotifthevirtualmachine hasmultipledisksindifferentdiskmodes.Forexample,ifyouhaveaspecialpurpose configurationthatrequiresyoutouseanindependentdisk,youmustpoweroffthe virtualmachinebeforetakingasnapshot. To take a snapshot 1 ChooseInventory>VirtualMachine>Snapshot>TakeSnapshot. YoucanalsoclicktheTakeasnapshotofthisvirtualmachinebutton,orrightclick thevirtualmachineandchooseSnapshot>TakeSnapshot.
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TheTakeVirtualMachineSnapshotwindowappears.
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Clickthetargetvirtualmachinetodisplaytasksandeventsforthismachineor, whilethevirtualmachineisstillselected,clicktheTasks&Eventstab.
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ClickOK.
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SnapshottreeDisplaysallsnapshotsforthevirtualmachine. YouarehereiconRepresentsthecurrentoperationalstateofthevirtualmachine. TheYouarehereiconisalwaysselectedandvisiblewhenyouopentheSnapshot Manager. TheYouarehereiconrepresentsastatethatisneverasnapshotitselfbutrather thevirtualmachinestateaftertheparentsnapshot.Asnapshotisalwaysastatic recordofavirtualmachinestate.TheYouareherestatecanbeoperationaland changing.Evenwhenyoucreateasnapshotofapoweredofforsuspendedvirtual machine,theYouareherestateisnotidenticaltothesnapshot. YoucannotgotoorselecttheYouareherestate.Youareherealwaysrepresents thecurrentandactivestate.
CommandButtonsTheSnapshotManagerhasthreecommandbuttonsintheleft pane:Goto,Delete,andDeleteAll.
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CloseClosestheSnapshotManager. HelpOpensthehelpsystem.
To use the Snapshot Manager 1 2 3 ChooseInventory>VirtualMachine>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. IntheSnapshotManager,selectasnapshotbyclickingit. Togotoasnapshot,clicktheGotobuttontorestorethevirtualmachinetoany arbitrarysnapshot. TheGotocommandallowsyoutorestorethestateofanysnapshot. 4 5 6 7 ClickYesintheconfirmationdialogbox. Todeleteasnapshot,clicktheDeletebuttontopermanentlyremoveasnapshot fromVirtualCenteruse. ClickYesintheconfirmationdialogbox. Todeleteallsnapshots,clicktheDeleteAllbuttontopermanentlyremoveall snapshotsfromVirtualCenteruse. Deletecommitsthesnapshotdatatotheparentandthenremovestheselected snapshot.DeleteAllcommitsalltheimmediatesnapshotsbeforetheYouarehere currentstatetothebasediskandremovesallexistingsnapshotsforthatvirtual machine. ClickYesintheconfirmationdialogbox. ClickClosetoexittheSnapshotManager.
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Restoring a Snapshot
VMwareVirtualCenterincludesthefollowingsnapshotmethodstoallowyoutoreturn totheoriginalvirtualmachine:
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Parent Snapshot
TodiscernbetweentheReverttoSnapshotandGotocommands,youmust understandwhatismeantbytheparentsnapshot. Theparentsnapshotisthemostrecentlysavedversionofthecurrentstateofthevirtual machine.Ifyouhavejusttakenasnapshot,thatstoredstateistheparentsnapshotof thecurrentstate.Ifyourevertorgotoasnapshot,thatsnapshotbecomestheparentof thecurrentstate. TheparentsnapshotisalwaysthesnapshotappearingimmediatelyabovetheYouare hereiconintheSnapshotManager.
Parent Snapshot
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take a snapshot
The new snapshot (snapshot_a) is now the parent of the You are here state. The parent snapshot of the You are here state is the parent snapshot of the virtual machine.
take a snapshot
go to snapshot_a
When you take a snapshot from the snapshot_a state, snapshot_a becomes the parent of the new shapshot (snapshot_b) and snapshot_b is the parent shapshot of the You are here state. If you take a snapshot now, the new snapshot will be based on the snapshot_b state.
When you go to snapshot_a, snapshot_a becomes the parent of the You are here state. If you take a snapshot now, the new snapshot will be based on the snapshot_a state. When you revert a virtual machine, the virtual machine returns to the parent snapshot of the virtual machine (that is, the parent of the current You are here state).
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Therearethreewaystoreverttotheparentsnapshot:
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Thischapterdescribestheprocessofmigratingmovingavirtualmachinefromone hosttoanother.Thischaptercontainsthefollowingsections:
Overview
Inthisrelease,youcanmigrateavirtualmachineonanESXServerhostinasuspended stateusingthemigrationAPI.Migratingapoweredoffvirtualmachineiscalled migration.MigratingapoweredonvirtualmachineiscalledmigrationwithVMotion. MigrationwithVMotion,designedtobeusedbetweencompatiblesystems,allowsyou tomigratevirtualmachineswithnodowntimebutrequiresVMotionlicensingand specificconfiguration. InVirtualCenter2,youhavetwomigrationoptions:
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NOTE
NOTE
NOTE
NOTE
MigrationwithVMotioncannotbeusedtomigratevirtualmachinesusingrawdisks forclusteringpurposes.
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Migration
Thevirtualmachineyouwanttomigratemustbepoweredofforsuspendedpriorto beginningthemigrationprocess.Withamigration,youalsohavetheoptionofmoving theassociateddisksfromonehosttoanother.Amigrationconsistsofthefollowing steps: 1 Theconfigurationfiles,includingtheNVRAMfile(BIOSsettings),logfiles,and thesuspendfileforsuspendedvirtualmachinesaswellasthedisksofthevirtual machinearemovedfromthesourcehosttothedestinationhostsassociated storagearea. Thevirtualmachineisassociated(registered)withthenewhost. Afterthemigrationiscompleted,theoldversionofthevirtualmachineisdeleted fromthesourcehost.
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Thevirtualmachineresumesitsactivitiesonthenewhost.
Ifanyerroroccursduringmigration,thevirtualmachinesreverttotheiroriginalstates andlocations.
VMotion Requirements
TobeconfiguredforVMotion,eachhostintheclustermustmeetthefollowing requirements.
Shared Storage
Ensurethatthemanagedhostsusesharedstorage.Sharedstorageistypicallyona storageareanetwork(SAN),butcanalsobeimplementedusingiSCSIandNASshared storage.SeetheVMwareSANConfigurationGuideforadditionalinformationonSAN andtheServerConfigurationGuideforinformationonothersharedstorage.
CPU Compatibility
Makesurethatthesourceanddestinationhostshaveacompatiblesetofprocessors. VMotiontransferstherunningarchitecturalstateofavirtualmachinebetween underlyingVMwareESXServersystems.VMotioncompatibilityrequiresthatthe processorsofthetargethostbeabletoresumeexecutionusingtheequivalent instructionsthattheprocessorsofthesourcehostwereusingwhensuspended. Processorclockspeedsandcachesizes,andthenumberofprocessorcoresmayvary, butprocessorsmustcomefromthesamevendorclass(IntelorAMD)andsame processorfamily(P3,P4,orIntelcore)tobecompatibleformigrationwithVMotion. ProcessorfamiliessuchasIntelXeonandAMDOpteronaredefinedbytheprocessor vendors. Youcandistinguishdifferentprocessorversionswithinthesamefamilybycomparing theprocessorsmodel,steppinglevel,andextendedfeatures:
Inmostcases,differentprocessorversionswithinthesamefamilyaresimilar enoughtomaintaincompatibility.
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ServerhardwaresCPUspecificationswillusuallyindicatewhetherornottheCPUs containtheSSE3,SSE4,andNx/XDfeaturesthataffectVMotioncompatibility.Ifthe specificationsofaserveroritsCPUfeaturesareunknown,VMwaresbootableCPU identificationutility(availablefordownloadwithESXServer)canbeusedtoboota serveranddeterminewhetheritsCPUscontainfeaturessuchasSSE3,SSE4,and NX/XD. NOTE VMware,inpartnershipwithCPUandhardwarevendors,isworkingtomaintain VMotioncompatibilityacrossthewidestrangeofprocessors.Foradditional information,checktheVMwareKnowledgeBase. Nx/XD Considerations
SSE3 Considerations
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SSE4 Considerations
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Networking Requirements
1 VMotionrequiresaGigabitEthernetnetworktoensurerapidmigration:
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VMotion Compatibility
VMotioncompatibilityrequiresthatbothsourceanddestinationhostsmatchincertain criteria.PossibledestinationhostsincludehostsandfullyautomatedDRSclusters.A nonautomatedclustercanalsobeselectedasadestination. Whenyouselectahost,theCompatibilitypanelatthebottomoftheMigrationwizard displaysinformationaboutthecompatibilityoftheselectedhostorclusterwiththe virtualmachinesconfiguration. Ifthevirtualmachineiscompatible,thepanelisblank.Ifthevirtualmachineisnot compatiblewitheitherthehostsorclustersconfigurednetworksordatastores,the compatibilitywindowcandisplaybothwarningsanderrors:
Warningmessagesdonotdisablemigration.Oftenthemigrationisjustifiedand youcancontinuewiththemigrationdespitethewarnings.
Compatibility panel
Warning messages
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Errorscandisablemigrationiftherearenoerrorfreedestinationhostsamongthe selecteddestinationhosts.Inthiscase,theNextbuttonisdisabled.
Error message
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featuresareintroducedandversionsofESXServerareupdatedtoexposeorhide themfromvirtualmachines.
Migration Wizard
TheMigrationwizardtakesyouthroughtheprocessofmigratingavirtualmachine fromonehosttoanother.BothsourceanddestinationhostsmusthaveVMotion enabledonthem.Ifthedestinationisacluster,theremustbeatleastonevalid destinationhostinthecluster,soatleastonehostintheclustermusthaveVMotion enabled.PreferablyallhostsinaclusterwillhaveVMotionenabled,especiallyforDRS clusters. Themenuoptionsdifferslightly,dependingonwhetheryouareperformingmigration ormigrationwithVMotion. To migrate a powered-off or suspended virtual machine 1 2 FromtheVirtualCenterclient,clicktheInventorybuttoninthenavigationbar. ChooseMigratefromthepopupmenu.
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TheMigrateVirtualMachinewizardstarts. 3 Selectthedestinationhostorclusterforthisvirtualmachinemigration. AnycompatibilityproblemisdisplayedintheCompatibilitypanel.Fixthe problem,orchooseanotherhostorcluster. PossibletargetsincludehostsandDRSclusterswithanylevelofautomation.Ifa clusterhasnoDRSenabled,selectaspecifichostintheclusterratherthanselecting theclusteritself. Ifthewizardisinvokedthroughdraganddrop,theSelectDestinationhostor clusterwindowisskippedifthedraganddroptargetisastandalonehostora poolassignedtoastandalonehost.Ifaclusteroraclusterspoolisthe draganddroptarget,theSelectDestinationhostorclusterwindowappears. NOTE Movingavirtualmachinefromthehostwhereitssnapshotsarelocatedmight renderthosesnapshotsinaccessible.
4 NOTE
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To migrate a powered-on virtual machine NOTE Beforeyoubegin,disconnectanyperipheraldevicesconnectedtothevirtualmachine. Ifthevirtualmachineisusingaphysicaldeviceonthesourcehost,thatdevicewillnot beaccessibleonthedestinationhost.Thisisanincompatibilitythatwillpreventuseof VMotion.Forexample,ifthevirtualmachineisreadingfromaCDROMdriveonthe sourcehost,itcannotaccessthatdrivefromthedestinationhost. 1 2 FromtheVIClient,clicktheInventorybuttoninthenavigationbar.Expandthe inventoryasneeded,andclicktheappropriatevirtualmachine. MakesurethatboththesourceandtargethostsareVMotionenabledandusing thesameshareddatastore.
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ThemigrationwithVMotionwizardstarts. Virtualmachinescanalsobedroppedintoresourcepoolsforanyhostorcluster, inwhichcasethewizardskipstheResourcePoolSelectionpage. Intheeventthatthevirtualmachinesaredroppedontoaresourcepoolonthe samehostorcluster,theMigrationwizardisnotinvoked.Instead,thevirtual machinesarereassignedtothenewresourcepool,pendingadmissioncontrolto thenewpool. NOTE Ifmultiplevirtualmachinesareselectedandthewizardisinvokedthrough draganddrop,thevirtualmachinesmustallbeinthesamepowerstate. Otherwise,anerrormessageisdisplayed,andthewizardstops. ClickNext. Selectadestinationhostorclusterforthevirtualmachine. PossibletargetsincludehostsandfullyautomatedDRSclusters.Anonautomated clustercanalsobeselectedasatarget.Youarepromptedtoselectahostwithinthe nonautomatedcluster. NOTE Ifthewizardisinvokedthroughdraganddrop,theSelectdestinationhostor clusterwindowisskippedunlessthedroptargetisanonautomatedcluster. Whenyouselectahost,theCompatibilitysectionatthebottomofthewizard displaysinformationaboutthecompatibilityoftheselectedhostorclusterwiththe virtualmachinesconfiguration.Ifthevirtualmachineiscompatible,thepanelis blank.Ifthevirtualmachineisnotcompatiblewitheitherthehostsorclusters
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System Administration
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Thischapterdescribesusers,groups,permissionsandroles.VirtualCenterandESX Serverhostsdeterminethelevelofaccessfortheuserbasedonthepermissions assignedtotheuser.Thecombinationofusername,password,andpermissionsisthe mechanismbywhichVirtualCenterandESXServerhostsauthenticateauserforaccess andauthorizetheusertoperformactivities.TheVirtualCenterandESXServerhost maintainlistsofauthorizedusersandthepermissionsassignedtoeachuser. Privilegesdefinebasicindividualrightsrequiredtoperformactionsandread properties.ESXServerandVirtualCenterusesetsofprivileges,orroles,tocontrol whichindividualusersorgroupscanaccessparticularVmwareInfrastructureobjects. ESXServerandVirtualCenterprovideasetofpreestablishedroles.Youcanalsocreate newroles. TheprivilegesandrolesassignedonanESXServerareseparatefromtheprivilegesand rolesassignedonaVirtualCenterServer.Ifyouhaveprivilegesandrolesassignedon anESXServerandthenaddthatESXServertotheVirtualCenterServerinventory,only theprivilegesandrolesassignedthroughtheVirtualCenterServerarerecognized.If youthenremovetheESXServerfromtheVirtualCenterServerinventory,the previouslysetESXServerprivilegesandrolesareused. Foracompletelistofprivilegesavailable,refertoAppendix A,DefinedPrivileges, onpage 325. Thischaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:
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NOTE
YoumustbeinAdminviewfortheAdmin>Rolesmenuitemtobeenabled.
Access Elements
AccesstoVMwareInfrastructureobjectsandactivitiesisestablishedthroughthe combinationof:
Access Rules
Thefollowingisalistofgeneralrulestoconsiderwhenconfiguringyourusersand groupspermissions. Usersdonotneedtologoffandlogonforchangestotakeeffect.Allchangestakeeffect immediately.
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Hierarchical Inheritance
Propagationissetperpermissionrule,notuniversallyapplied.Permissionsdefinedfor asubobjectalwaysoverridethosepropagatedfromparentobjects. Withrespecttopermissions,therearethreetypesofelementsinthehierarchy.Theyare:
ManagedentityThesecanhavepermissionsdefinedonthem.
RelatedtoamanagedentityThesecannothavepermissionsdefinedonthem, butinheritaccessfromtheobjecttheyarerelatedto.Examplesinclude:
Networks Datastores
GlobalentityThesealwaysgettheirpermissionsfromtherootnode.Examples include:
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Example1:Expandingauserspermissions
User1isnotassignedspecificpermission:
User1,whobelongstogroupsAandB,logson. User1canbothpoweronandtakesnapshotsofvirtualmachine.
Example2:Limitingauserspermissions
User1ReadOnlypermissionisremovedonvirtualmachine:
User1cantakesnapshotsbutnotpoweron.
Role3canaddvirtualmachines.
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Users
AuserisanindividualauthorizedtologontoeitheranESXServerhostorto VirtualCenter.ESXServerusersfallintotwocategories:thosewhocanaccesstheESX ServerhostthroughVirtualCenterandthosewhocanaccesstheESXServerhostby directlyloggingontothehostfromVIClient,VIWebAccess,athirdpartyclient,ora commandshell.Thesetwocategoriesdrawusersfromdifferentsources:
VirtualCenterusersAuthorizedusersforVirtualCenterarethoseincludedinthe WindowsdomainlistreferencedbyVirtualCenterorlocalWindowsusersonthe VirtualCenterhost. YoucannotuseVirtualCentertomanuallycreate,remove,orotherwisechange users.Ifyouneedtomanipulatetheuserlistorchangeuserpasswords,youmust dosothroughthetoolsyounormallyusetomanageyourWindowsdomain. AnychangesyoumaketotheWindowsdomainarereflectedinVirtualCenter. BecauseyoucannotdirectlymanageusersinVirtualCenter,theuserinterface doesntprovideauserlistforyoutoreview.Youseethesechangesonlywhenyou selectuserstoconfigurepermissions.
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ThevpxuseruserisaVirtualCenterentitywithrootrightsontheESXServerhost, allowingittomanageactivitiesforthathost.Thevpxuseriscreatedatthetimethat
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anESXServerhostisattachedtoVirtualCenter.ItisnotpresentontheESX Server hostunlessthehostisbeingmanagedthroughVirtualCenter. CAUTION Donotchangevpxuseranddonotchangeitspermissions.Ifyoudoso,you mightexperienceproblemsworkingwiththeESXServerhostthrough VirtualCenter. ForinformationoncreatingusersandgroupsforusewithyourVirtualCenterServer, refertoyourMicrosoftdocumentation. ForinformationaboutcreatingusersandgroupforusewithyourESXServer,referto theSecuritysectionoftheServerConfigurationGuide.
Groups
Youcanefficientlymanagesomeuserattributesbycreatinggroups.Agroupisasetof usersthatyouwanttomanagethroughacommonsetofrulesandpermissions.When youassignpermissionstoagroup,theyareinheritedbyallusersinthegroup.Using groupscansignificantlyreducethetimeittakestosetupyourpermissionsmodel. ThegrouplistsinVirtualCenterandanESXServerhostaredrawnfromthesame sourcesastheuserlists.IfyouareworkingthroughVirtualCenter,thegrouplistis calledfromtheWindowsdomain.IfyouareloggedontoanESXServerhostdirectly, thegrouplistiscalledfromatablemaintainedbythehost. TheVirtualCenterServergrantsaccesstoeachinventoryobjectbyassigningarolewith definedprivilegesandauserorgrouptoeachobject.Rolesareadefinedsetofaccess privileges. IndividualpermissionsareassignedthroughtheVirtualCenterServerortheESX Serverbypairingauserandaroleandassigningthispairtoaninventoryobject:
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Permissions
ForESXServerandVirtualCenter,apermissionisdefinedasanaccessrolethatconsists ofauserandtheusersassignedroleforanobject,suchasavirtualmachineorESX Serverhost.Permissionsgrantuserstherighttoperformspecificactivitiesandmanage specificobjectsonanESXServerhostor,ifusersareworkingfromVirtualCenter,all VirtualCentermanagedobjects.Forexample,toconfigurememoryforanESXServer host,youmusthavehostconfigurationpermissions. MostVirtualCenterandESXServerusershavelimitedabilitytomanipulatetheobjects associatedwiththehost.However,ESXServerprovidesfullaccessrightsand permissionsonallvirtualobjects,suchasdatastores,hosts,virtualmachines,and resourcepools,totwousers:rootandvpxuser.
Asroot,youcangrantpermissionsonanESXServerhosttoindividualusersor groups.TheseusersandgroupsareaddedtotheESXServeruserlistandgroup listintwoways.TheycanbeaddedbydefaultwhenESXServerisinstalled.They canalsobemanuallyaddedtothehostafterinstallation. ThroughVirtualCenter,youcangrantpermissionstoanyuserorgroupincluded intheWindowsdomainlistreferencedbyVirtualCenter. VirtualCenterregistersanyselectedWindowsdomainuserorgroupthroughthe processofassigningpermissions.Bydefault,alluserswhoaremembersofthe WindowsAdministratorsgroupontheVirtualCenterServeraregrantedthesame accessrightsasanyuserassignedtotheAdministratorrole.Userswhoare membersoftheAdministratorsgroupcanlogonasindividualsandhavefull access.
NOTE
Roles
VirtualCenterandESXServergrantaccesstoobjectsonlytouserswhohavebeen assignedpermissionsfortheobject.Whenyouassignauserorgrouppermissionsfor theobject,youdosobypairingtheuserorgroupwitharole.Aroleisapredefinedset ofprivileges. VirtualCenterandESXServerhostsprovidedefaultroles:
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ResourcePool Administrator
sample
Datacenter Administrator
sample
VirtualMachine Administrator
sample
Allprivilegesforallprivilegegroups,except permissions.
Allrolespermittheusertoscheduletasksbydefault.Userscanscheduleonlytasks theyhavepermissiontoperformatthetimethetasksarecreated.Usetheroleediting
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CreatingRolesonpage 257 CloningRolesonpage 259 EditingRolesonpage 260 RemovingRolesonpage 261 RenamingRolesonpage 262
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Changestopermissionsandrolesareimplementedimmediately,eveniftheusers involvedareloggedon.
Creating Roles
Someofthedefaultrolesarepreconfiguredandcannotbechanged.Ifyouhave situationsthatrequireadifferentcombinationofaccessprivileges,createanadditional roleormodifytheprovidedsamplerolestosuityourneeds. To create a role 1 2 LogontotheVIClientconnectedtoeitheraVirtualCenterServeroranESXServer asauserwithAdministratorprivileges. FromtheVIClient,clicktheAdminbuttoninthenavigationbar.ClicktheRoles tab.
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RightclickintheRolestabinformationpanel.ChooseAdd. TheAddRoledialogboxappears.
Typeanameforthenewrole.
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Cloning Roles
Youcanmakeacopyofanexistingrole,renameit,andlatereditit.Whenyoumakea copy,thenewroleisnotautomaticallyappliedtothesameuserorgroupsandobjects. To clone a role 1 2 3 FromtheVIClient,clicktheAdminbuttoninthenavigationbar.ClicktheRoles tab. Toselecttheroletoduplicate,clicktheobjectinthelistofRoles. Toclonetheselectedrole,chooseAdministration>Role>Clone. Aduplicateoftheroleisaddedtothelistofroles.ThenameisCopy of <rolename>.
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Editing Roles
Whenyoueditarole,youhavetheoptiontochangeanyoralloftheprivilegesselected forthatrole.Oncecompleted,thesenewprivilegesareappliedtoanyuserorgroup assignedtheeditedrole. To edit a permissions role 1 2 3 4 5 FromtheVIClient,clicktheAdminbuttoninthenavigationbar.ClicktheRoles tab. Toselecttheroletoedit,clicktheobjectinthelistofRoles. ChooseAdministration>Role>EditRole. Selecttheprivilegesyouwantthenewroletohave.Clicktheplus(+)signsto expandthelists,asneeded. ClickOKtocompletetheprocess.
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Removing Roles
Whenyouremovearole,ifitisnotassignedtoanyusersorgroups,thedefinitionis removedfromthelistofpossibleroles.Whenyouremovearolethatisassignedtoa userorgroupyoucanremoveallassignmentsorreplacethemwithanassignmentto anotherrole. CAUTION Besurethatyouunderstandhowuserswillbeaffectedbeforeremovingall assignmentsorreplacingthem. To remove an existing role 1 2 FromtheVIClient,clicktheAdminbuttoninthenavigationbar.ClicktheRoles tab. Toselecttheroletoremove,clicktheobjectinthelistofroles. YoucanselectmultiplerolesusingtheCtrlorShiftkeys. 3 4 ChooseAdministration>Role>Remove. Toconfirmthatyouwanttodeletetheselectedrole,clickOK. Theroleisremovedfromthelistandisnolongeravailableforassigningtousers orgroups. Iftheroleisassignedtoauserorgroup,awarningmessageappears. 5 SelectoneoftheradiobuttonoptionsandclickOK.
Theoptionsare:
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Renaming Roles
Roles,likemostotherVMwareInfrastructureobjects,canberenamed. To rename an existing role 1 2 3 4 FromtheVIClient,clicktheAdminbuttoninthenavigationbar.ClicktheRoles tab. Toselecttheroletorename,clicktheobjectinthelistofroles. ChooseAdministration>Role>Rename. Typethenewname.PressReturnorclickanotherobject.
Access Permissions
ForeachobjectintheVMwareInfrastructurehierarchy,determinethepermissionsfor eachVirtualCenteruserandgroup. NOTE SeveraluserscanaccesstheVirtualCenterServerfromdifferentVirtualInfrastructure Clientsatthesametime.VMwareInfrastructuredoesnotexplicitlyrestrictuserswith thesameloginandpasswordfromaccessingandtakingactionwithintheVMware Infrastructureenvironment. IfyouremoveusersfromtheESXServer,refertotheSecuritychapterintheServer ConfigurationGuideforprocessandconsequences. IfyouremoveusersfromtheVirtualCenterdomain,theylosepermissionstoallobjects intheVMwareInfrastructureandwillnotbeabletologonagain.Userswhoare currentlyloggedonandareremovedfromthedomainretaintheirVMware Infrastructurepermissionsonlyuntilthenextvalidationperiod(thedefaultisevery24 hours).Individualpermissions,orthosegrantedaspartofinclusioninanothergroup, arenotaffected. Ifyouchangeausersnameinthedomain,theexistingusernamebecomesinvalidin theVMwareInfrastructuresystem.Thesamemethodologyappliestogroups,butthis appliestoagrouponlyafterVirtualCenterServerhasbeenrestarted.
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Withtheappropriateobjectselected,clickthePermissionstab.
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ChooseInventorymenu>New>AddPermission.
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OpentheSelectUsersorGroupsdialogbox.ClicktheAddbutton.
RefertoAdjustingtheSearchListinLargeDomainsonpage 266forinformation onadjustingthelistofusersandgroupsyouselectfrom. 8 Identifytheuserorgroupthatisbeingassignedthisrole: a b c ChoosethedomainwheretheuserorgroupislocatedfromtheDomain pulldownmenu. TypeanameintheSearchboxorselectanamefromtheNamelist. ClickAdd. ThenameisaddedtoeithertheUsersorGroupslist. d e RepeatstepathroughStep ctoaddadditionalusersorgroups. ClickOKwhenfinished.
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Thelistofpermissionsreferencesallusersandgroupsthathaverolesassignedto theobject,andindicateswhereintheVirtualCenterhierarchytheroleisassigned.
Changethevaluesasneeded:
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ActiveDirectoryTimeoutSpecifiesinsecondsthemaximumamountof timeVirtualCenterallowsthesearchtorunontheselecteddomain.Searching verylargedomainscantakeaverylongtime. EnableQueryLimitandUsers&GroupsvalueSpecifiesthemaximum numberofusersandgroupsVirtualCenterdisplaysfromtheselecteddomain intheSelectUsersorGroupsdialogbox.Tospecifynomaximumlimit, deselectthecheckbox. EnableValidationandValidationPeriodSpecifiesthetimeinminutes betweenpermissionschecks.VirtualCenterverifiesthatallusersandgroups knowntoVirtualCentercurrentlyexistinWindows. Forexample,ifuserSmithwasassignedpermissionsandinthedomainthe usersnamewaschangedtoSmith2,VirtualCenterconcludesthatSmithno longerexistsandremovespermissionsforthatuser. Similarly,ifuserSmithisremovedfromthedomain,allpermissionsare irrelevant.ThatisuntilanewuserSmithisaddedtothedomain.Thenewuser SmithreceivesallthepermissionstheolduserSmithwasassigned,unlessyou usethisoptiontodeleteolduserSmithfromthesystem. Todeactivatethevalidationfunctions,deselectthecheckbox.
NOTE
Permissionsarealwaysvalidatedwhentheserverstarts.Eveniftheserveris disabled.
ClicktheFinishlistitem.ThenclickFinish.
Toselecttheappropriaterolefortheuserorgroup,choosefromthepulldown menu.ClickOK.
Topropagatetheprivilegestothechildrenoftheassignedinventoryobject,click thePropagatecheckbox.
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Performance Charts
ThissectiondescribestheperformancemonitoringfeaturesoftheVirtual InfrastructureClientdata. NOTE TheviewsandcapabilitiesdisplayedvarydependingonwhethertheVIClientis connectedtoaVirtualCenterServeroranESXServer.Unlessindicated,theprocess, task,ordescriptionappliestobothkindsofVIClient. ThePerformancetabisavailablewhenyouselectacluster,resourcepool,host,or virtualmachinefromtheinventorypanel.ThePerformancetabdisplaystheselected objectsresourceperformanceingraphandlistform.Performanceviewsshowgraphs forresourcesspecifictotheselectedinventoryobject. ESXServersystemsconnectedtoaVIClientdirectlyhavelimitedstatistical informationthatisdisplayedinthePerformancetabs.Togetthefullchartfunctionality, havetheVirtualCenterServermanagetheESXServer. RefertoPerformanceChartMeasurementsonpage 349forareferencelistofthe valuesmeasures. Thischaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:
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To select the resource whose performance is shown in the performance charts TheresourceoptionsareCPU,memory,disk,network,system,andresourcegroup CPU. 1 2 FromtheVIClient,selecttheappropriateinventoryobject.ClickthePerformance tab. Choosefromtheresourceoptionspulldownmenu.
ThetimerangeoptionsfortheperformancechartsareRealtime,PastHour,PastDay, Week,Month,Year,andCustom.Whichoptionsareavailabledependsonthefeature beingmeasured.Thesecanbeconfigured.Formoreinformation,seeTochange collectionintervalsforstatisticsonpage 275. To specify the time range for the performance charts 1 2 FromtheVIClient,selecttheappropriateinventoryobject.ClickthePerformance tab. Choosefromthetimeoptionspulldownmenu.
To export an .xls file of the performance chart data 1 2 FromtheVIClient,selecttheappropriateinventoryobject.ClickthePerformance tab. ClicktheExportChartlink. AnExportPerformancedialogboxappears.
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Thechartoptionsincludelinegraphorstackedgraph,resourceobjectsfoundingroup, andmeasurementsspecifictotheresourceselected. To specify the measured elements in the display of a performance chart 1 2 FromtheVIClient,selecttheappropriateinventoryobject.ClickthePerformance tab. ClicktheChangePerformanceCounterslink. ACustomizePerformanceChartappears.
Clicktheitemstodisplayasneeded.ClickApplytoviewthechange.ClickOKto acceptthechange.
Onlyoneitemcanbeselectedfromthelistofmeasurements.Astackedgraph cannotchartmorethanonemeasurementoverasetofobjects.
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ClickOKtoaccepttheresults.
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Removeorcreateanewcollectioninterval. ClickOK.
To create a new statistic sampling period 1 2 3 FromtheVIClientconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,chooseAdministration> VMwareVirtualInfrastructureClientSettings. ClicktheStatisticslink. FromtheStatisticslinkintheVirtualCenterConfigurationpanel,clickAdd. TheAddCollectionIntervaldialogboxappears.
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Anewcollectionintervalrequiresthatthe:
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Maps
TheMapsfeatureofVIClientprovidesavisualunderstandingoftherelationships betweenthevirtualandphysicalresourcesavailableinVirtualCenter.Mapsofthe itemswithinVirtualCenterareavailableintheInventorythroughtheMapstabsfor hosts,virtualmachines,networks,anddatastores,(InventoryMaps)andthroughthe Mapsbuttoninthenavigationbar(GlobalMaps). Therearethreemaptypes:
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Global Maps
Globalmapsareaccessiblefromthebuttoninthelargetoolbarandprovideahighlevel viewoftherelationshipsbetweenallphysicalandvirtualelementsintheentire VirtualCenterenvironment.Byselectingordeselectingtheboxesonthesideofthe inventory,youcanseewhichclustersorhostsaremostdenselypopulated,which networksaremostcritical,andwhichstoragedevicesarebeingutilized(ornot). Physical,Virtual,andCustommaptypesexistforbothinventorymapsandglobal maps.TheyconstrainandfilterinformationonaVirtualCenterwidelevelfortheglobal maps.
Inventory Maps
Inventorymapsareaccessiblefromtheinventoryviewandshowaselecteditems relevanthost,virtualmachine,network,andstoragerelationships.Thismakesiteasy tounderstandwhatitemsareaffectedorattachedtotheiteminquestion.Thesemaps appearforfolders,datacenters,clusters,resourcepools,andhosts. Physical,Virtual,andCustommaptypesexistforbothinventorymapsandglobal maps.TheyconstrainandfilterinformationonanitemspecificlevelfortheInventory maps. TheMapstabisavailablewhenyouselectfolders,datacenters,clusters,resourcepools, hosts,orvirtualmachinesfromtheinventorypanelofthenavigationbar.
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Ifanyofthefourislacking,thehostismarkedwitharedXtodenoteunsuitability.If thecauseoftheunsuitabilityisfromnetworking/datastoreincompatibility,theusercan discernthisfromthelackofedgesconnectingthathostandthevirtualmachines networksanddatastores.IfthecauseoftheunsuitabilityisfromCPUorSoftware incompatibility,theinformationappearsinatooltipwhenthepointerhoversoverthe hostinquestion. Ifahostiscompatibleinallfouraspects,agreencircleappearsbehindit.Thiscircle variesinintensitybasedonthehostscurrentload.Heavilyusedhostsarepale; lowloadhostsaresaturatedgreen. Itmighttakeafewsecondsforthemaptoretrieveload,CPU,andsoftware information.Thestateofthemapsinformationretrievalprocessisdisplayedinthe lowerleftcornerofthemap.Asinformationarrives,themapisupdated.Ahostthat lookslikeagoodVMotioncandidate(displayedasgreen)mightbecomeabad candidate(displayedasred)asinformationfiltersin. Iftheinformationretrievalistakingtoolong,youcancanceltheoperation. TheVMotionmapisnotaconclusivestatementastowhetherVMotionispossible betweenavirtualmachineandatargethost.However,itseekstoprovideinformation astowhetherVMotionmightbepossible,andifnot,whatanadministratormightdo toremedythesituation.
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Attribute
Description Hosticon.
AhostthatiscompatibleforVMotionmigration.
AhostthatisnotcompatibleforVMotionmigration.
Virtualmachineicon.
Networkicon.
Datastoreicon.
Thumbnailgraphicofthefullscalemap. Sectionthatisdisplayedwhenmorethanonemaptypeisavailable fortheselectedinventoryobject.Providesselectionofthetypeof resourcemaptodisplay. Mapsdonotautorefreshbecauseaddingorremovingelements mightbedisruptive.Toreorganizeyourmaptothecurrentstateof theinventoryandcenterthemapviewintheinformationmappanel, clicktheRefreshlink. WhenselectingthroughtheInventorynavigationbar,aselecteditem stayshighlightedtoindicatemapfocus. WhenselectingthroughtheMapsnavigationbar,allitemsinthe inventoryarelistedwithacheckbox.Youcanselectordeselectany inventoryitemsyoudonotwantincludedinthemap.
Inventorypanel
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ChooseanitemfromtheMapRelationshipspulldownmenu:Releasingthe mousebuttonacceptsthechangeandthemapshiftstothenewconfiguration.
TheMapRelationshipspanelcomeswithtwopresetsmapsandavariableoption:
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To view or hide content of a global map using inventory checkboxes 1 2 FromtheVIClient,clicktheMapsbuttoninthenavigationbar. Selectordeselectanyinventoryitemstoindicatetheitemsyouwantincludedin themap. Bydefault,selectingordeselectingselectsordeselectstheitemsbelowtheobject. Themapremovesoraddstheobjectsautomatically.
Asyouclickitems,theyappearordisappearfromthemap.
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Refreshthemaptoorganizethenewlistofitems.ClicktheRefreshlink.
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To zoom in or out of your map view ClickanddragintheOverviewpanel. Whenyouzoominoroutofamap,VirtualCenterdetectsifthemapcannotfitonthe screen.Ifthemapistoobigtofitonthescreen,youcanchangethezoomlevelby manipulatingthesizeoftheviewingwindowinsidetheOverviewpanel.Insidethe Overviewpanel,asubsetboxrepresentswhatpartofthetotalmapisvisible.Changing thesizeofthissubsetboxchangesthedegreeofzoom.Youcanonlyzoomintoacertain point,butyoucanzoomoutuntilthemapfitsentirelyintothewindow. TheOverviewmapdisplaysanareaindicatorbox.Thelargemapshiftstodisplayonly theareacontainedintheindicatorbox.Theimagesinthelargemapshrinkorexpand tofittheinformation.Thisismorenoticeableinlargenetworkenvironments.
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Alternatively,clickintheOverviewmap.Thelargermapshiftsitscentertothe locationyouclick.
Printing Maps
Youcanprintthecurrentlyvisiblemaptoanyordinaryprinter. To print a map Youhavetwowaystoprint:
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Exporting Maps
Youcansaveorexportanymapasa.jpgfile. To export a graphical image of the performance chart 1 2 FromtheVIClient,selecttheappropriateinventoryobject. ClicktheGlobalMapsbuttoninthenavigationbar,andclicktheExportMap buttonintheMapstaskbar. ASaveAsImagedialogboxappears.
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Thecorrespondingpopupmenuappears.
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Thischapterdescribestasks,events,andalarms.Thischaptercontainsthefollowing topics:
Managing Tasks
ThissectiondescribeshowtoviewandscheduleVirtualCentertasks.Tasksareplanned activities.Theseactivitiesarescheduledorinitiatedmanually.Tasksgenerateevent messagesthatindicateanyissuesassociatedwiththetask.Therearetwokindsoftasks:
NOTE
Thissectioncontainsthefollowingsections:
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Understanding Tasks
ThescheduledtasksoptionallowsyoutoconfigureselectedVirtualCenteractivitiesto occuratdesignatedtimes.Thetimingoptionsincludeimmediately,later,orona recurringbasis.Scheduledtasksareperformedinadditiontomanuallydriven activities. CreateascheduledtaskthroughtheNewTaskwizard,whichdisplaystheavailable taskoptions.Afteryouselectanoption,thewizarddisplaysthepagesthatarerelevant tothetypeoftaskyouarescheduling.TheNewTaskwizardendswhenyousetthe timingofthetask.Youcanrescheduletasks. Ifthedirectionsofmanuallydrivenandscheduledactivitiesconflict,VirtualCenter performswhicheveractivityisduefirst.Ifavirtualmachineisinanincorrectstateto performanyactivity,manualorscheduled,VirtualCentersendsamessagetothelog anddoesnotperformthetask. Whenyoucreateascheduledtask,VirtualCenterverifiesthatyouhavethecorrect permissionstoperformtheactionsontherelevantdatacenters,hosts,andvirtual machines.Oncethetaskiscreated,thetaskisperformedevenifyounolongerhave permissiontoperformthetask. WhenanobjectisremovedfromVirtualCenter,allassociatedtasksarealsoremoved. Eventsareloggedtotheeventlogatstartandcompletionofthetasks.Anyerrorsthat occurduringthetaskarealsorecordedintheeventlog. CAUTION Donotschedulemultipletaskstobeperformedatthesametimeonthe sameobject.Theresultsareunpredictable.
To perform a task on an ESX Server 1 FromtheVIClientconnectedtoanESXServer,clicktheInventorybuttoninthe navigationbar.Expandtheinventoryasneeded,andclicktheobjectwherethe actionistobeperformed. Choosetheactivityfromthemainorpopupmenuassociatedwiththeobject. Forexample,selectavirtualmachine,rightclick,andchoosethePowerOnoption. To schedule or view a list of tasks on an ESX Server AddthehosttotheVirtualCenterinventory. RefertoAddingaHostonpage 101formoreinformation. ToscheduleataskonaVirtualCenterServer,refertoManagingScheduledTaskson page 293. To view a list of tasks completed on a VirtualCenter Server 1 2 3 FromtheVIClient,clicktheInventory,andclicktherootfolder. ClicktheTask&Eventstab.ClicktheTasksbuttonontheTasks&Eventspanel. Clickataskinthepanel.
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DetailedinformationappearsintheTaskDetailspane.
To filter the list of tasks 1 2 3 4 5 FromtheVIClient,expandtheinventoryasneeded,andclicktheappropriate object. ClicktheTask&Eventstab.ClicktheTasksbuttonontheTasks&Eventspanel. ChooseView>Filtering,ifneeded. Clickthelistarrow,andclickthecolumntoincludeinthefiltersearch. Typeakeywordintothebox,andpressReturn.
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Changethepowerstateofavirtualmachine(refertoChangingVirtualMachine PowerStatesonpage 141) Createavirtualmachinetemplate(refertoCreatingTemplatesonpage 204) MoveavirtualmachinewithVMotion(refertoMigrationwithVMotionon page 233) Createavirtualmachine(refertoUsingtheNewVirtualMachineWizardon page 114) Makeasnapshotofavirtualmachine(refertoUnderstandingSnapshotson page 221)
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NOTE
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Specifythetimingofthetask.
NOTE
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Clicktheleftandrightarrowstoviewadditionalmonths.Clickthemonthand choosefromthelist.Clicktheyear,andclicktheupanddownarrows.
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Torunthetaskhourly,clickHourly.Enterthestarttimeafterthebeginningofthe hourandtheinterval(forexample,15minutesaftereveryeighthours).
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Torunthetaskweekly,clickWeekly.Enterthestarttime,dayoftheweek,and interval.
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Forexample,TuesdaysandThursday,8:00am,everysecondweek.Youcanselect multipledaysoftheweek.
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Tocompletethewizard,clickFinish. VirtualCenteraddsthetasktothelistintheScheduledTaskstab.
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Canceling a Task
Onlytasksthatareinprocesscanbecanceled.Andonlyselected(scheduledor manuallyinitiated)taskscanbecanceledwhileinprocess.Cancelingataskwhileitis runningrequiresthatyouhavetheappropriatepermissionsassignedtothehostwhere thetaskisoccurring. NOTE ThecancelingoperationisnotallowedifoneorbothofthehostsinvolvedisanESX Serverversion2.0.1. Cancelingataskdiffersfromremovingatask.Cancelingataskstopsataskcurrently occurring,whetherstartedmanuallyorscheduled.Removingataskremovesfuture occurrencesofascheduledtask. Thetasksthatcanbecanceledaftertheystartare:
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3 4
Selecttheappropriatetaskfromthelist. Rightclickthetask,andchooseCancel.
VirtualCenterstopsprogressonthetask,returnstheobjectstotheirprevious states,anddisplaysthetaskascanceled.
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Managing Events
AneventisanyactionthatisofinteresttotheVirtualCenterServerortheESXServer. Eacheventtriggersaneventmessage.Alleventmessagesarearchivedonthe VirtualCenterServersdatabase.Vieweventmessagesfromtwolocations:
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Figure 17-1. VI Client Connected to ESX Server > Inventory > Virtual Machine > Events Tab To view event details FromtheInventorypanel,clicktheEventstab.Clickanevent. TheEventDetailsfielddisplaysadditionalinformationabouttheevent:
NOTE
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ClickanyofthebluehighlighteditemsintheEventsDetailsbox. Theviewchangestodisplaytheselectedlinkedobject.
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Managing Alarms
Alarmsarespecificnotificationsthatoccurinresponsetoselectedevents.Somealarms aredefinedbyproductdefault.Additionalalarmscanbecreatedandappliedto selectedinventoryobjectsorallinventoryobjects. NOTE TheviewsandcapabilitiesdisplayedvarydependingonwhethertheVIClientis connectedtoaVirtualCenterServeroranESXServer.TheAlarmsoptionisnotavailable whentheVIClientisconnectedtoanESXServer. Thissectioncontainsthefollowingtopics:
UnderstandingAlarmsonpage 309 PreparingforEmailMessageSMTPAlarmNotification(SEEUPDATE)on page 311 PreparingforSNMPAlarmNotificationonpage 312 CreatingAlarmsonpage 314 EditingAlarmsonpage 320 RemovingAlarmsonpage 321
AlarmsDisplaystriggeredalarmsagainsttheselectedinventoryitem.
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Figure 17-2. VI Client Connected to VirtualCenter Server > Inventory: Hosts and Clusters > Host > Alarms Tab > Alarms Button
Figure 17-3. VI Client Connected to VirtualCenter Server > Inventory: Hosts and Clusters > Host > Alarms Tab > Definitions Button
Understanding Alarms
Alarmssendnotificationmessageswhenselectedeventsoccurtooronhostsorvirtual machines.Alarmsindicatethestatuslevelsofanobjectorcollectionofobjectsinthe hierarchy.Alarmscanbedefinedatallhierarchicallevels,includingfolders, datacenters,clusters,resourcepools,hosts,andvirtualmachines. Alarmsareinheritedfromparentlevelsandcannotbechangedoroverriddenatachild level.Whenyouaddnewalarmstoanyobjectyoucontributetothecollectionofalarms thatareinforceatanyofitschildlevels.
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StateMonitorhoststateandvirtualmachinestate. Thetriggeringoptionsare:Is(state)andIsNot(state).
Thereareseveraltypesofalarmnotificationmethods:
Runascript Theuserscriptcommandanditsargumentsmustbeformattedintoonestring.
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Theactionsavailablewithalarmsaredescribedinthefollowingsections:
PreparingforEmailMessageSMTPAlarmNotification(SEEUPDATE)on page 311 PreparingforSNMPAlarmNotificationonpage 312 CreatingAlarmsonpage 314 EditingAlarmsonpage 320 RemovingAlarmsonpage 321
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Foremailmessagenotification,settheSMTPserverandSMTPport:
ClickOK.
TheVirtualCenterServerhost. TheSNMPreceiverservertoacceptthetrapsfromVirtualCenter.
Whenyoucreateanalarm,onlyonetrapistriggeredandsent.Thealarmparameters include:
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CommunityStringThecommunityidentifier.
ClickOK.
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Creating Alarms
IfyouplantouseemailmessageorSNMPnotification,refertoPreparingforEmail MessageSMTPAlarmNotification(SEEUPDATE)onpage 311anddefinetheaddress informationbeforeyoucreateyouralarm. To create an alarm 1 FromtheVIClientconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,clicktheInventorybutton. Expandtheinventoryasneeded,clicktheappropriateobject,clicktheAlarmstab, andclicktheDefinitionsbutton.
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Selectthealarmtype.
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Todefinethealarmbutnotmakeitactive,deselecttheEnablebox. ClicktheTriggerstabandtheAddbutton.
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IntheTriggerstab,therearefourpulldownmenus:
Warning(Yellow)stateorpercentageandAlert(Red)stateorpercentage Percentageoptionsrangefrom5percentto100percentin5percent increments.Exitingconditionisconsideredayellowconditionatn percentage. Virtualmachinestateoptionscorrespondtotheseactivities:Creating, Migrating,Connecting,Disconnecting,MigratingwithVMotion, Reconnecting,Removing,Resetting,Resuming,Starting,Stopping, Suspending,Disconnected,Initial,Orphaned,PoweredOff,PoweredOn,and Suspended.Hoststateoptionscorrespondtotheseactivities:Connecting, Disconnecting,Reconnecting,Removing,Shuttingdown,Connected,and Disconnected.Exitingstateisconsideredayellowconditionatselectedstate. Thecolorscorrespondingtotheexiting/fromandentering/tostatesaresetin theActionstab.ThedefaultisFromyellowtored.
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(Optional)Definemultipleconditionsforthealarmtriggeringevent.ClickAdd. Entertheparametersforeachcondition.
Specifythereportingfrequencywhenthealarmistriggered.Enteravaluefor ToleranceandoneforFrequency.
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Specifytheactiontobetakenwhenthealarmistriggered.
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Sendanotificationemail. ProvidetheemailaddressofthenotificationrecipientintheValuefield. SMTPsendsanotificationemail.TheSMTPmustbereadywhentheemailis sent.TherearetwowaystosetSMTP:throughVirtualCenterorthrough MicrosoftOutlookExpress.VirtualCentersetupisnotalwaysneededifthe SMTPsettinginOutlookExpressiscorrect. VirtualCenterServergeneratestheemailmessagesubjectandbodytext.Only thetolist(receiver)isrequiredfromuserinput.Specifytheemailaddress towhichthemessageshouldbesent.Separatemultiplerecipientswith commasorsemicolons.RefertoPreparingforEmailMessageSMTPAlarm Notification(SEEUPDATE)onpage 311.
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Poweron,Poweroff,Suspend,orResetthevirtualmachine. Theseapplyonlytoavirtualmachinealarm.
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Tocompletethealarm,clickOK.
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VirtualCenterverifiestheconfigurationofthealarmandaddsthealarmtothelist ofalarmsfortheselectedobject.
NoticethattheDefinedIncolumnindicateswhereintheinventoryhierarchythe alarmisdefined.
Editing Alarms
Alarmscanbemodified,butyoumusteditthematthehierarchicallevelwherethey werecreated.Asimplechangeistoenableordisablethealarm.Ifanalarmisdisabled, anXappearsonthealarmlistingicon. To edit an existing alarm 1 FromtheVIClientconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,clicktheInventorybutton inthenavigationbar.Expandtheinventoryasneeded,clicktheAlarmstab,and clicktheDefinitionsbutton. Ifthealarmyouwanttochangeisnotdefinedatthecurrentlocation,clickthe linkedobjectintheDefinedincolumn. VirtualCenterdisplaystheAlarmspanelfortheobjectwherethealarmwas defined.
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Selectthealarmtoedit.ChooseInventory>Alarm>EditSettings.Theentryin theDefinedincolumnforthealarmmustbeThisobject.
Removing Alarms
Removealarmsfromtheobjectinwhichtheyweredefined.Youcannotremovethem fromachildthatinheritedthealarm. To remove an alarm 1 FromtheVIClientconnectedtoaVirtualCenterServer,clicktheInventorybutton inthenavigationbar.Expandtheinventoryasneeded,clicktheAlarmstab,and clicktheDefinitionsbutton. Ifthealarmyouwanttochangeisnotdefinedatthecurrentlocation,clickthe linkedobjectintheDefinedincolumn.VirtualCenterdisplaystheAlarmspanel fortheobjectwherethealarmwasdefined.
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Toremovethealarm,selectthealarm,andchooseInventory>Alarm>Remove.
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Appendixes
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Defined Privileges
Thefollowingtableslistthedefaultprivilegesthat,whenselectedforarole,canbe pairedwithauserandassignedtoanobject.ThefollowingtablesuseVCtoindicate VirtualCenterServerandHCtoindicateHostClient,astandaloneESXServer. Whensettingpermissions,verifyalltheobjecttypesaresetwithappropriateprivileges foreachparticularaction.Someoperationsrequireaccesspermissionattherootfolder orparentfolderinadditiontoaccesstotheobjectbeingmanipulated.Someoperations requireaccessorperformancepermissionataparentfolderandarelatedobject.Refer toChapter 15,ManagingUsers,Groups,Permissions,andRoles,onpage 247for informationonapplyingprivilegestoinventoryobjects. RefertoTable 151,DefaultRoles,onpage 255foralistofpredefinedgrouped privileges. Thisappendixcontainsthesetopics:
AlarmManagementonpage 326 Datacenteronpage 327 Datastoreonpage 327 Foldersonpage 328 Globalonpage 329 HostConfigurationonpage 330 HostInventoryonpage 331 HostLocalOperationsonpage 332 Networkonpage 333
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Permissionsonpage 334 Performanceonpage 333 Permissionsonpage 334 ScheduledTaskonpage 336 Sessionsonpage 336 VirtualMachineConfigurationonpage 337 VirtualMachineInteractiononpage 339 VirtualMachineInventoryonpage 340 VirtualMachineProvisioningonpage 341 VirtualMachineStateonpage 342
Alarm Management
Table A-1. Alarm Management Privileges
Privilege Name CreateAlarm1 Description Createsanewalarm. UserinterfaceelementAlarmtab popupmenu,Filemenu DeleteAlarm Deletesanexistingalarm. UserinterfaceelementAlarmtab popupmenu,Filemenu ModifyAlarm Changesthepropertiesofanexisting alarm. UserinterfaceelementAlarmtab popupmenu,Filemenu
1
Used VConly
Pair with Object Alarm object parent Alarm object parent Alarm object parent
Effective on Object All inventory items All inventory items All inventory items
VConly
VConly
Whencreatingalarmswithacustomaction,privilegetoperformtheactionisverifiedwhentheuse createsthealarm.
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Datacenter
Table A-2. Datacenter Privileges
Privilege Name Create Datacenter Description Createsanewdatacenter. UserinterfaceelementInventory popupmenu,toolbarbutton,andFile> NewDatacenter Removesadatacenter. UserinterfaceelementInventory popupmenu,Inventory>Datacenter> Remove,Edit>Remove Movesadatacenter. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory draganddrop Rename Datacenter Changesthenameofadatacenter. UserinterfaceelementInventory object,inventorypopupmenu,Edit> Rename,Inventory>Datacenter> Rename VConly Datacenter Datacenters VConly VConly Datacenter plusparent object Datacenter, sourceand destination Affects VConly Pair with Object Datacenter Effective on Object Datacenter folders
Delete Datacenter
Datacenters
Move Datacenter
Datastore
Table A-3. Datastore Privileges
Privilege Name Browse Datastore Description Browsesfilesonadatastore. UserinterfaceelementAddexisting disk,browseforCDROMorFloppy media,serialorparallelportfiles Removesadatastore. UserinterfaceelementInventory datastorepopupmenu,Edit>Remove, Inventory>Datastore>Remove HCandVC Datastores Datastores Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Datastores Effective on Object Datastores
Delete Datastore
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Rename Datastore
Folders
Table A-4. Folder Privileges
Privilege Name CreateFolder Description Createsanewfolder. UserinterfaceelementTaskbar button,Filemenu,popupmenu DeleteFolder Deletesafolder. UserinterfaceelementFilemenu, popupmenu MoveFolder Movesafolder. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory draganddrop RenameFolder Changesthenameofafolder. UserinterfaceelementInventory paneobjecttextfield,popupmenu,File menu VConly Folders Folders VConly VConly Foldersplus parentobject Folders, sourceand destination Folders Affects VConly Pair with Object Folders Effective on Object Folders
Folders
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Global
Table A-5. Global Privileges
Privilege Name CancelTask Description Cancelsarunningorqueuedtask. UserinterfaceelementRecenttasks panepopupmenu,Tasks&Events popupmenu.Cancurrentlycancel cloneandclonetotemplate. Diagnostics Getslistofdiagnosticfiles,logheader, binaryfiles,ordiagnosticbundle. UserinterfaceelementFile>Export> ExportDiagnosticData,AdminSystem Logstab Licenses Seeswhatlicensesareinstalledand addsorremoveslicenses. UserinterfaceelementLicensestab, Configuration>LicensedFeatures LogEvent Logsauserdefinedeventagainsta particularmanagedentity. UserinterfaceelementShouldaskfor areasonwhenshuttingdownor rebootingahost. Manage Custom Properties SetCustom Properties Adds,removes,renamescustomfields foramanagedentity. Userinterfaceelement Administration>CustomAttributes Views,creates,andremovescustom fields. UserinterfaceelementAnylistview showsthefieldsdefinedandallows settingthem Settings ReadsandmodifiesruntimeVC configurationsettings. Userinterfaceelement Administration>VMware VirtualCenterSettingsfilemenu VCServer PreparesorinitiatesaVMotionsend operationoraVMotionreceive operation. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege.
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Affects HCandVC
VConly
Anyobject
HCandVC
Anyobject
Rootfolder
HCandVC
Allobjects
VConly
Allobjects
Rootfolder
VConly
Allobjects
VConly
Allobjects
Rootfolder
VConly
Allobjects
Rootfolder
Host Configuration
Table A-6. Host Configuration Privileges
Privilege Name Advanced Configuration Description Setsadvancedoptionsinhost configuration. UserinterfaceelementHostConfig> AdvancedSettings,Inventoryhierarchy popupmenu ChangeSNMP Settings Connection Edits,restarts,andstopsSNMPagent. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. Changestheconnectionstatusofahost (connectedordisconnected). UserinterfaceelementRightclick Host Hyper Threading Enablesanddisableshyperthreadingin thehostCPUscheduler. UserinterfaceelementHostConfig> Processors Maintenance Putsthehostinandoutofmaintenance mode,shutsdownandrestartsthehost. UserinterfaceelementHostpopup menu,Inventory>Host>Enter MaintenanceMode Memory Configuration Setsconfiguredserviceconsolememory reservation. UserinterfaceelementHostConfig> Memory Internet Service Enablesanddisablesinternetservices providedbyserviceconsole,suchas SSH,Telnet,SNMP. UserinterfaceelementHostConfig> SecurityProfile Network Configuration Configuresnetwork,firewall,and VMotionnetwork. UserinterfaceelementHostConfig> Networking,NetworkAdapter,DNS andRouting HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts VConly Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Hosts Effective on Object Hosts
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Host Inventory
Table A-7. Host Inventory Privileges
Privilege Name AddHostTo Cluster Add standalone Host Description Addsahosttoanexistingcluster. UserinterfaceelementInventory popupmenu Addsastandalonehost. UserinterfaceelementToolbar button,inventorypopupmenu, Inventory>Datacenter>AddHost,File >New>AddHost,Hosttabpopup menu Createsanewcluster. UserinterfaceelementToolbar button,inventorypopupmenu, Inventory>Datacenter>NewCluster, File>New>Cluster DeleteCluster Deletesaclusterorstandalonehost. UserinterfaceelementInventory popupmenu,Edit>Remove, Inventory>Cluster>Remove VConly Clustersplus parentobject VConly Clusters VConly Hosts Datacenters, Hostfolders Affects VConly Pair with Object Hosts Effective on Object Clusters
CreateCluster
Datacenters, Hostfolders
Clusters, Hosts
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MoveCluster
Affects HConly
HConly
Rootfolder
Rootfolder
Network
Table A-9. Network Privileges
Privilege Name Delete Network Description Removesanetwork. UserinterfaceelementInventory networkpopupmenu,Edit>Remove, Inventory>Network>Remove Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Datacenter Effective on Object Datacenters
Performance
Table A-10. Alarm Management Privileges
Privilege Name Modify Intervals Description Creates,removes,andupdates performancedatacollectionintervals. UserinterfaceelementVCSettings> Statistics Affects VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder
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Permissions
Table A-11. Permissions Privileges
Privilege Name Modify Permission Description Definesoneormorepermissionrules onanentity,orupdatesrulesifalready presentforthegivenuserorgroupon theentity. UserinterfaceelementPermissions tabpopupmenu,Inventory> Permissionsmenu ModifyRole Updatesarolesnameandthe privileges. UserinterfaceelementRolestab popupmenu,toolbarbutton,File menu ReassignRole Permissions Reassignsallpermissionsofaroleto anotherrole. UserinterfaceelementDeleteRole dialogboxradiobuttonandassociated menu HCandVC Anyobject Rootfolder HCandVC Anyobject Rootfolder Used HCandVC Pair with Object Anyobject plusparent object Effective on Object All inventory items
Resource
Table A-12. Resource Privileges
Privilege Name Apply Recommenda tion AssignVirtual MachineTo Pool ColdMigrate Description Askstheservertogoaheadwitha suggestedVMotion. UserinterfaceelementCluster Migrationstab Assignsvirtualmachinestoaresource pool. UserinterfaceelementVMCreation wizard Migratesavirtualmachinesexecution toaspecificresourcepoolorhost. UserinterfaceelementInventory popupmenu,VMSummarytab, Inventory>VM>Migrate,dragand drop VConly Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC Resource pools Resource pools Affects VConly Pair with Object Clusters Effective on Object Clusters
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Resource pools
Virtual machines
Rootfolder
Rootfolder
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Scheduled Task
Table A-13. Scheduled Task Privileges
Privilege Name CreateTasks1 Description Schedulesatask.Requiresthe privilegestoperformthescheduled actionatthetimeofscheduling. UserinterfaceelementScheduled Taskstoolbarbuttonandpopupmenu DeleteTask Removesascheduledtaskfromthe queue. UserinterfaceelementScheduled Taskspopupmenu,Inventory> ScheduledTask>Remove,Edit> Remove ModifyTask Reconfiguresthescheduledtask properties. UserinterfaceelementInventory> ScheduledTasks>Edit,Scheduled Taskstabpopupmenu RunTask Runsthescheduledtaskimmediately. UserinterfaceelementScheduled Taskspopupmenu,Inventory> ScheduledTask>Run
1
Affects VConly
VConly
Allinventory objects
Allinventory objects
VConly
Allinventory objects
Allinventory objects
VConly
Allinventory objects
Allinventory objects
Creatingandrunningatask(ondemand)requirespermissiontoinvoketheassociatedaction.For example,Alarmsrequirespermissionsonafoldertocreatealarmsonobjectsinthatfolder.
Sessions
Table A-14. Session Privileges
Privilege Name Global Message Description Setsthegloballogonmessage. UserinterfaceelementSessionstab, Administration>EditMessageofthe Day Forceslogoffofoneormoreloggedon users. UserinterfaceelementSessionstab VConly Rootfolder Rootfolder Affects VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder
Terminate Session
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Affects HCandVC
HCandVC
Virtual machines
Virtual machines
HCandVC
HCandVC HCandVC
HCandVC
Virtual machines
Virtual machines
Settingthisparameteroverridesanyotherprivilegeformodifyingrawdevices,includingconnection states.
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Virtual machines
Virtual machines
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Virtual machines
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Customize
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Rootfolder
Rootfolder
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IfyouplantocustomizeaWindowsguestoperatingsystem,youmustfirstinstallthe MicrosoftSyspreptoolsonyourVirtualCenterServermachine. MicrosoftincludestheSyspreptoolsetontheinstallationCDROMdiscsforWindows 2000,WindowsXP,andWindows2003.ItalsodistributesSysprep1.1fromthe MicrosoftWebsite.ToperformaWindowscustomization,youmustinstalltheSysprep toolseitherfromyourinstallationdisc,orfromthe1.1downloadpackage. Duringcustomization,VirtualCentersearchesfortheSyspreppackagecorresponding toyourguestoperatingsystem.IftheSyspreptoolsarenotfoundunderthe correspondingoperatingsystemdirectory,VirtualCentersearchesintheprovided \1.1directory.IfVirtualCenterdoesnotfindanySyspreptools,theWindowsvirtual machinecustomizationdoesnotproceed. To install the Microsoft Sysprep tools from a Microsoft Web site download 1 DownloadtheSyspreppackagefrom: http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/downloads/tools/sysprep/default.asp AlthoughtheSysprepversionindicatesWindows2000,itworkswithboth WindowsXPProfessionalandWindowsServer2003. 2 3 4 5 6 ClickNexttocontinue. ClickIagreetoacceptthetermsandconditions. ClickDownload. Savethefiletoyourlocaldisk. RuntheMicrosoftinstaller:
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Q257813_w2k_spl_x86_en.exe
To install the Microsoft Sysprep tools from the Windows operating system CD 1 2 3 4 InserttheWindowsoperatingsystemCDintotheCDROMdrive(oftentheD: drive. LocatetheDEPLOY.CABfileintheCDdirectory,\Support\Tools. OpenandexpandtheDEPLOY.CABfile,usingatoolsuchasWinzip.exeoranother toolcapableofreadingMicrosoftCABfiles. ExtractthefilestothedirectoryappropriatetoyourSysprepguestoperating system. ThefollowingSysprepsupportdirectorieswerecreatedduringVirtualCenter installation:
C:\<ALLUSERSPROFILE>\Application Data\Vmware\VMware VirtualCenter\sysprep ...\1.1\ ...\2k\ ...\xp\ ...\svr2003\
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YouarenowreadytocustomizeanewvirtualmachinewithasupportedWindows guestoperatingsystemwhenyoucloneanexistingvirtualmachine.
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CPU
Table C-1. CPU Performance Chart
Inventory Cluster R Pool VM Host Name Resource Item Measured
CPUPerformanceChart VCH VC VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH CPUusageaspercentageoverthecollected interval CPUusageinMHzoverthecollected interval CPUreservedcapacity CPUtimespentonwaitstate CPUtimespentonreadystate CPUtimespentonsystemprocesses CPUtimethatisextra CPUtimethatisguaranteed
Disk
Table C-2. Disk Performance Chart
Inventory Object Cluster R Pool VM Host Name Resource Item Measured
DiskPerformanceChart VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH Amountofdatareadfromthediskinthe period Amountofdatawrittentothediskinthe period Aggregatedstorageperformancestatistics Numberofdiskwritesintheperiod Numberofdiskreadsintheperiod ResourceGroupCPUsamplecount ResourceGroupCPUschedulinglimitover oneminute ResourceGroupCPUschedulinglimitover 5minutes
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DRS
Table C-3. DRS Performance Chart
Inventory Object Cluster R Pool VM Host Name DRS VC VC VC DRSeffectiveCPUresourcesavailable DRSeffectivememoryresourcesavailable DRSnumberoffailuresthatcanbetolerated Resource Item Measured
Memory
Table C-4. Memory Performance Chart
Inventory Object Cluster R Pool VM Host Name Resource Item Measured
MemoryPerformanceChart VC VC VC VC VC VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VC VC VCH VCH VC VC VC VC VC VC VC VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH Memoryusageaspercentageoftotal availablememory Memoryzero Memorystate Freespaceinmemoryheap Memoryreservedcapacity Amountofmemorygranted Amountofmemoryusedbymemory control Amountofmemorythatcanbeusedby memorycontrol Amountofmemorythatisunreserved Amountofmemorythatisunreservedby swap Amountofmemorythatisactivelyused Amountofmemorythatisshared Amountofmemorythatisusedbyswap Amountofmemorythatcanbeswapped
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Network
Table C-5. Network Performance Chart
Inventory Object Cluster R Pool VM Host Name Resource Item Measured
NetworkPerformanceChart VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH Aggregatednetworkperformancestatistics Amountofdatareceivedintheperiod Amountofdatatransmittedintheperiod Numberofpacketstransmittedintheperiod Numberofpacketsreceivedintheperiod
Resource Group
Table C-6. Resource Group Performance Chart
Inventory Object Cluster R Pool VM Host Name Resource Item Measured
ResourceGroupCPUPerformanceChart VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH VCH ResourceGroupCPUsampleperiod ResourceGroupCPUsamplecount ResourceGroupCPUschedulinglimitover oneminute ResourceGroupCPUschedulinglimitover 5minutes ResourceGroupCPUschedulinglimitover 15minutes ResourceGroupCPUrunningpeakover1 minute ResourceGroupCPUrunningpeakover5 minutes ResourceGroupCPUrunningpeakover15 minutes ResourceGroupCPUrunningaverageover 1minute
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System
Table C-7. System Performance Chart
Inventory Object Cluster R Pool VM Host Name Resource Item Measured
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Index
A
access permissions 262 rules 248 access permissions assigning 263 changing 267 removing 268 active sessions 73 sending messages 73 terminating 73 adding DVD/CD-ROMs 183 existing virtual machines 150 floppy devices 183 hosts 101 inventory objects 96 parallel port 183 serial port 181, 182 virtual machines 150 advanced configuration hosts 110 alarms 24, 309 creating 314 editing 320 email notification 309 preparing SMTP notification 311 preparing SNMP notification 312 removing 321 tab 49
assigning access permissions 263 audio configuring 180 automating upgrades VMware Tools 138
B
BusLogic SCSI adapter in virtual machine 126
C
canceling scheduled task 301 changing access permissions 267 CPU configuration 169 Ethernet adapter 165 floppy drive 162 memory 165 parallel port 166 port number 69 SCSI controllers 166 SCSI device 163 serial port 168 virtual disk 164 virtual machine power states 141 charts performance 270 cloning existing templates 206
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existing virtual machines 215 roles 259 virtual machines to a template 205 clusters 23 removing hosts 106 shared storage 234 collecting log files 87 commands service console 38 configuring audio 180 communication through a firewall 68 hosts 62 SMTP 311 SNMP 74 virtual machine hardware 160 virtual machines 159 VirtualCenter Server port 69 connecting hosts 104 Console tab 49 CPU advanced settings 176 changing 169 compatibility 238 configuration 169 CPUs monitoring with SNMP 77 creating alarms 314 roles 257 templates 204 virtual machines 114 custom virtual machines 121
D
datacenters 23 datastores 23 deleting exiting template 212 DHCP 38 disconnecting hosts 104 disk resources 179 disks independent 225 monitoring with SNMP 77 DVD/CD-ROMs adding 183 changing 161
E
editing alarms 320 maps 280 roles 260 templates 208 email notification option 311, 312 notification type 309 ESX Server rebooting 32 ESX Server commands viewing 65 Ethernet adapter changing 165 events 24, 306 exporting 86, 307 navigation bar 49 tab 49 viewing messages 303
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Index
removing from clusters 106 removing from VirtualCenter 108 states 101 tab 49
F
firewall configuring communication 68 floppy devices adding 183 floppy drive changing 162 folders 23
I
image files ISO 162 independent disks 225 installing guest operating system 132 VMware Tools 133 inventory maps 277 navigation bar 49 tabs overview 49 VirtualCenter 24 inventory objects adding 96 moving 97 removing 98 ISO image files 162
G
global maps 277 graphs viewing 273 groups 248, 253 guest operating system installing 132
H
hardware new 181 virtual machines 160 heartbeat monitoring with SNMP 78 host network configuration viewing 64 hosts 22 about 99 adding 101 advanced configuration 110 automatically reconnecting 106 configuring 62 connecting 104 disconnecting 104
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K
knowledge base accessing 13
L
license server 20 log files collecting 87 logging off VI Client 36 VI Web Access 36 logging on VI Client 35 VI Web Access 36 logs 25
359
maps 286 navigation bar overview 47 network monitoring with SNMP 78 network requirements VMotion 236 networks 23 notification alarm options 309 run script option 310 SNMP trap 310 notification option email 311 power off virtual machine 311 reset virtual machine 311 SMTP 311 SNMP 312 suspend virtual machine 311
M
man pages service console 38 managed hosts removing 109 managing scheduled tasks 293 tasks 289 virtual machines 141 mapping SAN LUN 130 maps 24, 276 editing 280 elements 279 exporting 285 global 277 inventory 277 navigating 286 printing 284 viewing 280 VMotion resources 277 memory changing 165 monitoring with SNMP 77 resources 178 migration 232 wizard 239 monitoring VI environment 269 moving inventory objects 97
O
options virtual machines 170
P
parallel port adding 183 changing 166 parent snapshot 228 parent snapshots 228 percentage alarm types 309 performance charts 270 tab 49 performance charts resources 270
N
navigating
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Index
viewing 271 permissions 248, 254 access 262 settings 249 tab 49 port configuration VirtualCenter Server 69 Web connection 69 power off notification option 311 toolbar 143 power on toolbar 143 power states transitional 144 virtual machines 141, 146 preparing SMTP notification 311 SNMP notification 312 printing maps 284 privileges 248 properties VMware Tools 135
virtual machines 150 requirements VMotion 234 rescheduling scheduled tasks 300 reset notification option 311 toolbar 143 resource disk 179 resource pools 22 resource settings virtual machines 175 resources CPU 175 memory 178 performance charts 270 restarting VirtualCenter 34 restoring snapshots 227 resume virtual machines 145 reverting snapshots 229 roles 248, 254 cloning 259 creating 257 default 255 editing 260 removing 261 renaming 262 rules access 248
R
rebooting ESX Server 32 removing access permissions 268 alarms 321 hosts from VirtualCenter 108 inventory objects 98 managed hosts 109 roles 261 scheduled task 300 scheduled tasks 300
S
SAN LUN
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mapping 130 scheduled task about 24 removing 300 rescheduling 300 scheduled tasks canceling 301 clone virtual machine 218 managing 293 overview 290 removing 300 rescheduling 300 scheduling power states 146 script notification option 310 SCSI controllers changing 166 security viewing configuration 64 serial port adding 181, 182 changing 168 service console 37 commands 38 connecting 38 DHCP 38 man pages 38 using DHCP 38 SMTP notification option 311, 312 snapshots changing disk mode 225 parent 228 restoring 227 reverting 229 snapshot manager 226
362
taking 223 understanding 221 SNMP and VMware Tools 79 configuring 74 location of the VMware sub-tree 77 notification option 310 software components datastore 19 ESX Server 19 host agent 20 license server 20 VirtualCenter agent 20 VirtualCenter database 19 VirtualCenter Server 19 sorting 306 event messages 306 starting VI Client 35 VirtualCenter 33 states alarm type 309 statistics collection level 276 setting collection intervals 274 stopping VI Client 36 VirtualCenter 33 VirtualCenter Server 34 storage information viewing 64 Summary tab 49 suspend notification option 311 toolbar 143 virtual machines 145
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Index
T
tabs Admin tab 49 Summary 49 tasks 24 canceling 301 managing 289 navigation bar 49 viewing 290 templates 22 converting to a virtual machine 211 creating 204 deploying virtual machines 209 editing 208 navigation bar 49 terminating active sessions 73 toolbar power off 143 power on 143 reset 143 suspend 143
logging off 36 logging on 36 viewing ESX Server commands 65 event messages 303 graphs 273 host network configuration 64 maps 280 performance charts 271 storage information 64 tasks 290 VirtualCenter events 305 virtual machine logs 85 wizard 114 virtual machine name 116, 122 virtual machines adding 150 adding existing 150 advanced settings 172 cloning 215 configuring 159 creating custom 121 deploying from templates 209 managing 141 manually powering on and off 144 monitoring with SNMP 78 options 170 power states 141 properties editor 159 removing 150 resource settings 175 resume 145 returning 152 scheduling power states 146 shutdown 155 logging off 36 logging on 35 starting 35
U
Upgrading VMware Tools 134 user groups accessing 14 users 251
V
VI Client 34
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startup 155 suspend 145 tab 49 viewing configuration 71 Virtual SCSI adapter, BusLogic or LSI Logic 126 VirtualCenter inventory 24 restarting 34 starting 33 stopping 33 VirtualCenter Server stopping 34 viewing configuration 66 VMotion 21, 232, 233 compatibility 237 CPU requirements 234 network best practices 237 network requirements 236 Nx/XD considerations 235 requirements 234 resource maps 277 shared storage requirements 234 SSE3 considerations 235 VMware Authorization Service log 88 VMware community forums accessing 13 VMware DRS 22 VMware High Availability (HA) 21 VMware SDK 22 VMware Service Console 21 VMware Tools About tab 138 and SNMP 79 automating upgrades 138 Devices tab 136
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installing 133 Options tab 135 properties 135 Scripts tab 136 upgrading 134
W
Web connection port configuration 69
VMware, Inc.
UpdatesfortheConfiguringSNMPTrapDestinationsProcedureonPage 80 UpdatesfortheCreatingCustomVirtualMachinesProcedureonPage 127 UpdatesfortheInstallingandUpgradingVMwareToolsProcedureonPage 134 UpdatesfortheSchedulingaPowerStateChangeforaVirtualMachine ProcedureonPage 149 UpdatesfortheStartingandShuttingDownVirtualMachinesProcedureon Page 157 UpdatesfortheChangingtheAudioConfigurationonPage 180 AdditionoftheCustomizingaLinuxGuestOperatingSystemProcedureon Page 189 UpdatesforthePreparingforGuestCustomizationDiscussiononPage 190 UpdatesfortheCreatinganAlarmProcedureonPage 319
VMware, Inc.
Update1
3 4
Toreenabletraps,removetheentryfromthefile. Restartvmware-hostdtoseethechangetakeeffect.
Updates for the Creating Custom Virtual Machines Procedure on Page 127
Step 19showsanincorrectscreenshotfortheVirtualDiskCapacitypageoftheNew VirtualMachinewizard.Thecorrectscreenshotfollows:
Update2
VMware, Inc.
Updates for the Installing and Upgrading VMware Tools Procedure on Page 134
TheprocedureToinstallorupgradeVMwareTools(SEEUPDATE)describesinstalling orupgradingVMwareToolsonWindowsguestoperatingsystemsonly.Theheading forthisprocedureshouldreadToinstallorupgradeVMwareToolsonaWindows guestoperatingsystem. ThissectionofthemanualomittedproceduresforinstallingandupgradingVMware ToolsonLinux,Solaris,andNetwareguestoperatingsystems.Theseprocedures follow. To install or upgrade VMware Tools on a Linux guest operating system from X with the RPM installer 1 2 3 Openaconsoletothevirtualmachine. Poweronthevirtualmachine. Aftertheguestoperatingsystemstarts,rightclickthevirtualmachineandchoose InstallVMwareTools. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. 4 Dooneofthefollowing:
InsomeLinuxdistributions,theVMwareToolsCDiconmightfailtoappear.In thiscase,continuetoinstallVMwareToolsfromthecommandline. 5 Whenprompted,entertherootpasswordandclickOK. Theinstallerpreparesthepackages. 6 ClickContinuewhentheinstallerpresentsadialogboxthatshowsCompleted SystemPreparation. Adialogboxappearswithaprogressbar.Whentheinstallerisdone,VMware Toolsisinstalled.Thereisnoconfirmationorfinishbutton. 7 InanXterminal,asroot(su -),runthefollowingfiletoconfigureVMwareTools:
vmware-config-tools.pl
Respondtothequestions.PressEntertoacceptthedefaultvalue.
VMware, Inc.
Update3
Exitfromtherootaccount:
exit
InanXterminal,opentheVMwareToolsPropertiesdialogbox:
vmware-toolbox &
To install or upgrade VMware Tools on a Linux guest operating system with the tar installer or RPM installer 1 Ifyouhaveapreviousinstallation,deletethepreviousvmware-tools-distrib directorybeforeinstalling.Thedefaultlocationofthisdirectoryis: /tmp/vmware-tools-distrib 2 3 4 Openaconsoletothevirtualmachine. Poweronthevirtualmachine. Aftertheguestoperatingsystemstarts,rightclickthevirtualmachineandchoose InstallVMwareTools. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. 5 Asroot(su -),mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimageandchangetoa workingdirectory(forexample,/tmp),asfollows. SomeLinuxdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.Ifyourdistribution usesautomounting,donotusethemountandumountcommandsdescribedinthis procedure.YoustillmustuntartheVMwareToolsinstallerto/tmp. SomeLinuxdistributionsusedifferentdevicenamesororganizethe/dev directorydifferently.Modifythefollowingcommandstoreflecttheconventions thatyourdistributionuses:
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom cd /tmp
Update4
VMware, Inc.
Forthetarinstaller,atthecommandprompt,enter:
tar zxpf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-5.0.0-<xxxx>.tar.gz umount /dev/cdrom
FortheRPMinstaller,atthecommandprompt,enter:
rpm -Uhv /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-5.0.0-<xxxx>.i386.rpm umount /dev/cdrom
Forthetarinstaller,runtheVMwareToolstarinstaller:
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
Answerthequestions.PressEntertoacceptthedefaultvalue.
FortheRPMinstaller,configureVMwareTools:
vmware-config-tools.pl
Answerthequestions.PressEntertoacceptthedefaultvalue. 8 Logofffromtherootaccount.
exit
9 10
Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminalwindow,opentheVMwareToolsPropertiesdialogbox:
vmware-toolbox &
To install or upgrade VMware Tools on a Solaris guest operating system 1 2 Openaconsoletothevirtualmachine. Poweronthevirtualmachine.
VMware, Inc.
Update5
AftertheCDROMismounted,changetoaworkingdirectory(forexample,/tmp) andextractVMwareTools,asfollows:
cd /tmp gunzip -c /cdrom/vmwaretools/vmware-solaris-tools.tar.gz | tar xf -
RuntheVMwareToolstarinstaller:
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
Answerthequestions.PressEntertoacceptthedefaultvalue. 7 Logofffromtherootaccount.
exit
8 9
Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminalwindow,opentheVMwareToolsPropertiesdialogbox:
vmware-toolbox &
To install VMware Tools on a NetWare virtual machine 1 2 3 Openaconsoletothevirtualmachine. Poweronthevirtualmachine. Aftertheguestoperatingsystemstarts,rightclickthevirtualmachineandchoose InstallVMwareTools. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine.
Update6
VMware, Inc.
OnthesystemconsoleforaNetWare6.5virtualmachine,enter:
LOAD CDDVD
OnthesystemconsoleforaNetWare6.0orNetWare5.1virtualmachine, enter:
LOAD CD9660.NSS
Updates for the Scheduling a Power State Change for a Virtual Machine Procedure on Page 149
Step 11incorrectlydescribeswhenVirtualCenterverifiesuserpermissionsfora scheduledtask.Thecorrecttextfollows: 11 ClickFinish. VirtualInfrastructureClientaddsthenewtasktothescheduledtasklistand completesthetaskatthedesignatedtime.Whenyoucreateascheduledtask, VirtualCenterverifiesthatyouhavethecorrectpermissionstoperformtheactions ontherelevantdatacenters,hosts,andvirtualmachines.Afterthetaskiscreated, thetaskisperformedevenifyounolongerhavepermissiontoperformthetask.
Updates for the Starting and Shutting Down Virtual Machines Procedure on Page 157
Step 9doesnotclearlyindicatehowtoenableautomaticstartuporshutdownof individualvirtualmachines.Thestepshouldincludethefollowingadditionaltext: VirtualmachineslistedunderManualStartupdonotautomaticallystartuporshut down.Toautomaticallystartuporshutdownavirtualmachine,youmustmove itsothatitislistedundereitherAutomaticStartuporAnyOrder.
VMware, Inc. Update7
Addition of the Customizing a Linux Guest Operating System Procedure on Page 189
TheinstructionsforcustomizingLinuxguestoperatingsystemswereomittedfromthe chapterCustomizingGuestOperatingSystems.Theseinstructionsfollow.
Update8
VMware, Inc.
To customize a Linux guest operating system 1 2 StarttheGuestCustomizationwizard. OntheComputerNamepage,specifytheComputerNameandtheDomainName forthevirtualmachineandclickNext. Thecomputernameisthenamegiventotheparticularinstanceofaguest operatingsystem.Theoperatingsystemusesthisnametoidentifyitselfonthe network.OnLinuxsystems,itiscalledthehostname.Thisisnotthesameasthe virtualmachinenamethatwasdeclaredearlierintheDeployTemplatewizardor CloneVirtualMachinewizard.Youcanspecifythecomputernameintheseways:
AssignaspecificnameThenamecancontainalphanumericcharactersand theunderscore(_)andhyphen()characters.Itcannotcontainperiods(.)or blankspacesandcannotbemadeupofdigitsonly.Toensurethatthenameis uniquesothatyoudonotincurconflicts,selectAppendanumericvalueto ensureuniqueness. UsethevirtualmachinesnameThecomputernamethatVirtualCenter createsisidenticaltothenameofthevirtualmachineonwhichtheguest operatingsystemisrunning. RespondtopromptsforanameTheVIClientpopulatestheDeployVirtual Machinewizardwithapromptforthecomputernameafteryoucompleteall thestepsinthewizard. UseacustomapplicationtogenerateanameTheVIClientcallsacustom applicationstoredontheVirtualCenterServertogenerateaname.Ifyou selectthisoption,entertheabsolutepathtothecustomapplicationinthe associatedtextfield.
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VMware, Inc.
Update9
b 6
VirtualCentersavesthecustomizedconfigurationparametersinan.xmlfile. Later,youcanimportthesepredefinedcustomizedparameterswhendeployinga templateorcloninganexistingvirtualmachine.Becauseofencryption,saved customizationfilesareuniquetoeachVirtualCenterServerandtoeachversionof VirtualCenter.YoumustrecreatethecustomizationfilesforeachVirtualCenter Server.Encryptionispreservedbetweenupgradeversionsonthesame VirtualCenterServer.Thismeansyoucanusethesamefilesbetweenupgradesof VirtualCenter. 8 ClickFinish. VirtualCenterclosestheGuestCustomizationwizardandreturnsyoutothe DeployTemplatewizardorCloneVirtualMachinewizard. 9 ClickFinishtodeploythevirtualmachinefromthetemplateorcreatetheclone.
Update10
VMware, Inc.
Updates for the Preparing for Guest Customization Discussion on Page 190
ThePreparingforGuestCustomization(SEEUPDATE)discussioncontains instructionstoverifythattheguestoperatingsystemmeetstheguestoperatingsystem customizationrequirements,butdoesnotdescribethoserequirements.Thissection shouldincludethefollowingadditionalinformation:
SCSIdisks. VirtualCentercustomizationoperatesonthediskattachedtothevirtualSCSInode withthelowestaddressontheSCSIcontrollerwiththelowestindex.Asaresult, youmustmakesurethattheguestoperatingsystembeingcustomizedresideson adiskattachedasSCSI0:0nodeinthevirtualmachineconfiguration. ForWindowsguestoperatingsystems:Boththeactivepartition(thepartition containingboot.ini)andthesystempartition(thepartitioncontainingthe systemdirectory,forexample,\WINNTor\WINDOWS),areonthesamevirtualdisk andattachedtheSCSI0:0virtualSCSInode. Activeandsystempartitionsarenotrequiredtobethesamepartition. ForLinuxguests:Thevirtualdiskcontainingthesystempartition(thepartition containingthe/etcdirectory)mustresideontheSCSI0:0node.
32bitor64bithardwarecorrespondingtothe32bitor64bitoperatingsystem beinginstalled.
Theguestoperatingsystemisnotaprimaryorbackupdomaincontroller.
VMware, Inc.
Update11
ThecloneortemplatehasoneofthefollowingWindowsversionsinstalled:
TheMicrosoftSyspreptoolsareinstalledontheVirtualCenterserver.
ThecloneortemplatehasoneofthefollowingLinuxversionsinstalled:
Thecloneortemplatehasarootvolumeformattedwithanext2,ext3,orReiserFS filesystem.
NOTEGuestoperatingsystemcustomizationisnotsupportedforLinuxvirtual machineswithdisksmanagedbyLogicalVolumeManagers.
Update12
VMware, Inc.
{entityName} {entityObject}
Thecorrectvariablenameentriesareasfollows:
{targetName} {target}
VMware, Inc.
Update13
Update14
VMware, Inc.