Creation of language in conjunction with Berners-Lee's WWW program - Oct.>Dec.

1990- Specification for HTML released on the Internet - Summer, 1991Draft defining HTML released (Internet draft later expired) - June, 1993- Initial document for 'HTML 2.0' released - April, 1994- Draft for HTML 2.0 cleaned up and released - July, 1994- HTML 2.0 draft further refined with plans to release as an RFC - February, 1995- HTML 2.0 (RFC 1866) approved as a proposed standard September, 1995- HTML 3.0 draft released (later expired) - March, 1995- HTML 3.2 draft released - May, 1996- HTML experimental DTD 'Cougar' released - July, 1996- W3C recommendation for HTML 3.2 (Wilbur) - January, 1997- HTML 4.0 draft (evolved from Cougar) released - July, 1997- HTML 4.0 becomes W3C proposed recommendation - November, 1997- HTML 4.0 becomes W3C recommendation - December, 1997- HTML 4.0 revised and certified W3C recommendation - April, 1998- Draft released for 'Reformulating HTML in XML' (codename Voyager) - December, 1998- XHTML 1.0 first working draft released January, 1999- XHTML 1.0 becomes W3C Proposed Recommendation - August, December 1999- XHTML 1.1 first working draft released - September, 1999XHTML 1.0 becomes W3C Recommendation - January, 2000- XHTML 1.1 becomes W3C Proposed Recommendation - April, 2001- XHTML 1.1 becomes W3C Recommendation - May, 2001

In 1986, a new ISO standard (ISO 8879) was released which aimed to make platform and display differences irrelevant to the delivery and rendering of documents. This standard detailed the language called the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML.)

In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee created a proposal for a hypertext document system to be used within the CERN community. Although based in Switzerland, CERN members were scattered throughout the globe and project turnover was often high. Collaboration over long distances, getting new project members quickly up to speed and preservation of information in the face of frequent member turnover were the driving factors in the development of the proposed system. This system, which Berners-Lee later named "The World-Wide Web" in October of 1990, outlined several important components necessary to realize the vision and which, in a nutshell, defines the nature of the WWW today:It must be cross-platform Must be able to use many existing informational resource systems while also allowing new information to be easily added A transport mechanism was necessary to move documents across networks [evolved into HTTP] An identification scheme for addressing both local and remote hypertext documents [evolved into URL addressing] A formatting language for the hypertext documents. This was not explicitly mentioned, but was part and parcel of presenting the information received [evolved into HTML]

 Berners-Lee developed and defined the HTML language, which was created and defined using SGML, during the development cycle for the first Web browser/editor from October to December 1990. The first version of the browser initially ran only on the NeXT platform and was only processing text files, but it was a start. Berners-Lee later put the code and specifications for the project (including HTML) on the Internet in the summer of 1991. During the next few years the system introduced by Berners-Lee caught on in the Internet community - and the 'web' of documents available was steadily growing. A common library of code was available to programmers to easily create the needed capabilities to access web documents. Browsers quickly became available for a wide variety of platforms. As the number of implementations grew, the variety did also. The HTML language originally specified by Berners-Lee had developed and extended far beyond its initial form and no real standard had yet been developed. For a further discussion of how the first HTML standard finally developed, please see the HTML 2.0 history page.

 The standards for HTML are currently being developed by a worldwide industry consortium known as the W3C. This work was carried out previously by the IETF. The W3C places several requirements on HTML:"The document format should be, as far as practical, backwards compatible with existing HTML documents. It should support both paged and scrolling layout models...A simple, scaleable document format that can be used for information exchange on virtually any platform."The W3C goes on to list the proposed range of these platforms, which include:Graphical User Interfaces, such as Windows, Macs and X11/Unix Text only systems, such as VT-100 terminals Text to Speech devices Rendering to Braille

 In hindsight, the following quote by Berners-Lee from the original CERN proposal shows how far things have progressed in less than a decade:"In 10 years, there may be many commercial solutions to the problems above, while today we need something to allow us to continue."The WWW and HTML solutions that BernersLee created have evolved into that solution. HTML is now becoming the primary document format of choice not only on the Web, but also elsewhere in both personal and commercial uses. Despite its current limitations, HTML has become the most popular and widely used rich text format ever.

What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language . HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language . A markup language is a set of markup tags. HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages.

HTML Tags :HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags.

HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html> . HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b> . The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag . Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags.

 HTML documents describe web pages HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text HTML documents are also called web pages

<html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

Example:-<html> <head> //The head tag is include title name of page. <title> My web Page </title> //The title tag is used to title name of web page. </head> <body> //The body tag is used to write any statement within a body. I am body and write the any statement. </body> </html>

HTML Text Formatting Tags:-Tag <b> <big> <em> <i> <small> <strong> <sub> <sup> <ins> Descriptions Defines bold text Defines big text Defines emphasized text Defines italic text Defines small text Defines strong text Defines subscripted text Defines superscripted text Defines inserted text

<del>

Defines deleted text

Example of Formated Text :.

<html> <head> <title> Example of Formated Text </title> </head> <body> <b> I am bold text </b> <i> i am italic text </i> <big> i am big text </big> <small> I am small text </small> <strong> i am strong text </strong> _{i am subscripted text} ^{i am superscripted text} <em> i am emphasized text </em> <ins> i am inserted text </ins> <del> I am delete text </del> </body> </html>

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

Tag <code> <kbd> <samp> <tt> <var> <pre> Description Defines computer code text Defines keyboard text Defines sample computer code Defines teletype text Defines a variable Defines preformatted text

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

<html> <head> <title> Example of Formated Text </title> </head> <body> <code> I am define computer code text </code> <br> <var> Define a variable </var><br> <kbd> I am keybord text </kbd><br> <samp> i am sample computer code </sample><br> <pre> i am preformated text </pre><br> <tt> i am teletype text </tt><br> </body> </html>

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.

HTML stands for Hypertext Mark-up Language and is an Internet World Wide Webdescription language that tells your web browser how a page is going to look. Javascript is a scripting language developed by Sun Microsystems. Javascript has been used to customize web pages. You can customize your web page to check out who's browsing (by reading the viewer's cookies) figure out where else they've been or where they're located and start putting advertisements for your local area or for other interests that you have shown by your past viewing.

XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what data is.HTML was designed to display data and to focus on how data looks. XML allows the author to define his own tags and his own document structure. The tags used to markup HTML documents and the structure of HTML documents are predefined. The author or the HTML documents can only use tags that are defined in the HTML standard.

XML describes data while HTML describes how the data should be displayed.So HTML is about displaying information while XML is about describing information.

An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag: Start tag * <p> Element content This is a paragraph End tag * </p>

<a href="default.htm" >

<br />

This is a link

</a>

<html>
<body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document. The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>. The element content is

HTML elements can have attributes Attributes provide additional information about an element Attributes are always specified in the start tag Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value" Value classname id style_definition tooltip_text Description Specifies a classname for an element Specifies a unique id for an element Specifies an inline style for an element Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)

Attribute class id style title

<a href="http://www.gmail.com.com">This is a link</a>

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading. <h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3>

<!-- This is a comment --> Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed. Tag <html> <body> <h1> to <h6> <hr /> <!--> Description Defines an HTML document Defines the document's body Defines HTML headings Defines a horizontal line Defines a comment

The <font> tag is deprecated in HTML 4, and removed from HTML5. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has removed the <font> tag from its recommendations. In HTML 4, style sheets (CSS) should be used to define the layout and display properties for many HTML elements. <p> <font size="5" face="arial" color="red"> This paragraph is in Arial, size 5, and in red text color. </font> </p> <p> <font size="3" face="verdana" color="blue"> This paragraph is in Verdana, size 3, and in blue text color. </font> </p>

CSS can be added to HTML in the following ways: in separate style sheet files (CSS files) in the style element in the HTML head section in the style attribute in single HTML elements <html> <body style="background-color:yellow;"> <h2 style="background-color:red;">This is a heading</h2> <p style="background-color:green;">This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html> <html> <body> <h1 style="text-align:center;">Center-aligned heading</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand. Links are specified in HTML using the <a> tag. The <a> tag can be used in two ways: To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute To create a bookmark inside a document, by using the name attribute <a href="url">Link text</a> <a href="http://www.gmail.com/">Click Me</a> A named anchor inside an HTML document: <a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>

HTML forms are used to pass data to a server. A form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements. The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form: HTML Forms - The Input Element The most important form element is the input element. The input element is used to select user information. An input element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An input element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more. <form> . input elements . </form>

<input type="text" /> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into: <form> First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /> </form>

<input type="password" /> defines a password field: <form> Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" /> </form>

<form> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male<br /> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female </form>

<form> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike" /> I have a bike<br /> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" /> I have a car </form>

A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input: <form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get"> Username: <input type="text" name="user" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form>