LABORATORY 3.

1
PROPRTIES OF GASES

David Angelo D. Abalorio December 8, 2008

3-A Mr. Amorsolo

I. Objective
To explain the properties of gases through four different set-ups.

II. Materials
Mineral water bottle small basin
Medicine dropper ice tube
3-2 balloons 2 empty soda can
2 Erlenmeyer flask 1 hard-boiled egg
1 alcohol lamp matchsticks

III. Procedures
SET-UP A
1. Fill the mineral water bottle to about ¾ of its volume.
2. Half fill the medicine dropper with water.
3. Place the medicine dropper with water in the bottle up-side
down. See if it floats. If it doesn’t, remove some of the floats.
4. If the medicine dropper already floats, cover the water bottle
with the lid.
5. Press the water bottle, the release it. Repeat the process 4
times.
6. Observe what happened to the medicine dropper inside the
bottle as you press and release.

SET-UP B
1. Put a little amount of water in the Erlenmeyer flask.
2. Mount a balloon in the mouth of the Erlenmeyer flask.
3. Heat the Erlenmeyer flask with the use of the alcohol lamp for
about 5-7 minutes.
4. Observe what happens to the balloon .
5. Then place the Erlenmeyer flask in the cold bath(basin with ice
tubes and water) fir about 3-4 minutes.
6. Observe what happened to the balloon.

SET-UP D
1. Light 3 matchsticks and drop them in another Erlenmeyer flask.
2. While there are still fires in the matchsticks, place the egg in the
mouth of the Erlenmeyer flask.
3. Then observe what happen to the egg.
IV. Guide Questions?
1. What happened to the medicine dropper as you pressed the
bottle? As you released it? Explain why such thing happens.

The molecules of a gas, being in continuous motion, frequently strike the

inner walls of their container. As they do so, they immediately bounce off without
loss of kinetic energy, but the reversal of direction (acceleration) imparts a force
to the container walls. This force, divided by the total surface area on which it
acts, is the pressure of the gas. The atmospheric pressure acting on this liquid
will force it up into the evacuated tube until the weight of the liquid column exactly
balances the atmospheric pressure.

This explains why the dropper inside the mineral water bottle goes down
and goes up when the mineral water bottle when pressed and release.

2. What happened to the volume of the balloon as heat is applied

to Erlenmeyer flask? As heat is removed? Explain why such
thing happens.

The temperature of any physical system is the result of the motions of the
molecules and atoms which make up the system. In statistical mechanics,
temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy stored in a particle.
The methods of storing this energy are dictated by the degrees of freedom of the
particle itself (energy modes). These particles have a range of different velocities,
and the velocity of any single particle constantly changes due to collisions with
other particles.

When the water became gas, it was warm so the air goes up and when it
decrease its temperature, it go goes down and some are condensed into water
again.

3. What happened to the egg as you placed in the mouth of the

Erlenmeyer flask?

When the inner part of Erlenmeyer flask was burn, it lessens the Oxygen
inside Erlenmeyer flask and increase it carbon dioxide. So the gases need to
defuse inside and outside the Erlenmeyer flask but an egg was clogged the exit.
The oxygen outside push the

The molecules of a gas are in a state of perpetual motion in which the

velocity (that is, the speed and direction) of each molecule is completely random
and independent of that of the other molecules. This fundamental assumption of
the kinetic-molecular model helps us understand a wide range of commonly-
observed phenomena. Diffusion refers to the transport of matter through a
concentration gradient; the rule is that substances move (or tend to move) from
regions of higher concentration to those of lower concentration.

V. Conclusion

The most remarkable property of gases, however, is that to a very good

approximation, they all behave the same way in response to changes in
temperature and pressure, expanding or contracting by predictable amounts.
This is very different from the behavior of liquids or solids, in which the properties
of each particular substance must be determined individually.

Gas has no definite volume or shape; a gas will fill whatever volume is
available to it. Contrast this to the behavior of a liquid, which always has a
distinct upper surface when its volume is less than that of the space it occupies.