The Ideal Gas Law and Gas Stoichiometry: *Ideal Gas Law Remember molar volume?

? 1 mole of a gas occupies ________ at STP. o STP is: 1 atm, 273 K; 760 mm Hg, 273 K; 101.3 kPa, 273 K We can combine molar volume with Boyles, Charles, and Gay-Lussacs laws to create something called the ideal gas law. A gas is IDEAL when its particles take up no space and have no intermolecular forces between them. The ideal gas law does not deal with changing conditions, but allows us to calculate moles, pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas at specific conditions: these #s: o

PV = nRT

n represents number of moles R is a CONSTANT, called the ideal gas constant. You need to know

R = 0.0821

L atm mol K

R = 8.314

L kPa mol K

Example: Calculate the number of moles of gas contained in a 3.0-L vessel at 3.00 x 102 K with a pressure of 1.50 atm:

Practice problems: 1. Determine the temperature, in celcius, of 2.49 moles of gas contained in a 1.00-L vessel at a pressure of 143 kPa.

2. Calculate the volume that a 0.323-mol sample of gas will occupy at 265 K and a pressure of 0.900 atm.

3. How many grams of oxygen gas are present in a sample that occupies a 2.00-L container at 117 kPa and 35.1oC?

*Gas Stoichiometry: We know from Avagadro that 1 mole of any gas occupies the same volume at STP. We can relate moles of gas to volume of a gas in a chemical reaction: o CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) What volume of oxygen is needed to produce 6.0 L of carbon dioxide?

Volume-Volume problems are the same as Mole-Mole problems that we learned earlier. Volume-Mass problems: Use volume relationships to perform volume-volume calculations, and use the ideal gas law to calculate the moles for the temperature and pressure conditions given. Ex: Ammonia is synthesized from hydrogen and nitrogen gases: N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) If 5.00 L of nitrogen gas react completely at a constant pressure and temperature of 3.00 atm and 298 K, how many grams of ammonia are produced?

1.

2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2

If 5.00 g of KClO3 is decomposed at a pressure of 123 kPa and a temperature of 35.0 0C, what volume of oxygen gas will be produced? (HINT: use the ideal gas law to convert moles of O2 to L of O2)

2.

Propane (C3H8) decomposes to form carbon and hydrogen gas. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.

If 15.3 g of propane react at a temperature of 1150C and a pressure of 1.06 atm, what volume of hydrogen gas will be produced?

3.

Write a balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH4).

If the reaction is carried out in a vessel with a temperature of 200 0C and a pressure of 0.95 atm, how many grams of water vapor will be produced from 10.5 L of methane?

4.

2H2O2(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

Calculate the mass of hydrogen peroxide needed to obtain 0.460 L of oxygen gas at 107 kPa and 5.0 0 C.

5.

Ammonia gas reacts with oxygen gas to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.

If 35.0 L of ammonia reacts with excess oxygen at 298oC and 0.85 atm, what mass of water vapor will be produced?