SCIENCE SCIENCE

WWW.SMKSP.COM

Intensive

FOR FORM 3 FOR FORM 3 FOR FORM 3

SCIENCE INTENSIVE PROGRAMME FOR FROM 3 CHAPTER 3 : EXCRETION SMK SUNGAI PASIR , O8OOO SUNGAI PETANI , KEDAH DARULAMAN. TEL : 04-421 1764 FAX : 422 0203 LAMAN WEB : WWW.SMKSP.COM

1 Excretion is the process of removing waste products and excess substances from the body. 2 Human excretory organs are :
Organs Lungs Skin Kidney method of excretion Exhaling Sweating Urinating Excretory products Carbon Excess Mineral Urea dioxide water salts

6 Pathway of the formation and disposal of urine :

Renal artery Kidneys Ureter
Urinary bladder

Urethra

7 Functions of the kidneys :

Removing nitrogenous waste products like urea and uric acid.

3 The importance of excretion : Removing poisonous/toxic waste products like urea and carbon dixoide. Removing excess substances like excess mineral salts and excess water. Maitain/Regulate the balance of water and mineral salts in blood and concentration of blood. 4 Human urinary system consists of kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra.

Removing excess substances like excess mineral salts and excess water. Maitain/Regulate the body healthy balance through the process of removing or reabsorption like : Water balance in the body/blood. Amount of glucose in the blood. pH of blood and tissue fluid.

8 The importance of maintaining healthy kidneys : Maintaining healthy kidneys is very important to prevent the poisonous/toxic substances accumulate in our body which will lead to death. 9 To maintains healthy kidneys, we should : Drink a lot of water ( 8 glasses daily ) Reduce eating food with : - high sugar content to prevent diabetes. - high salt content to prevent high blood presseure or formation of kidney stones. Avoid excessive use of medicines / alcohol or drugs which can injure the kidneys. 10 The treatment for kidney failure includes : Taking medicine given by the doctor. Kidney transplantation Dialysis

5 Kidneys are bean-sheaped organs which located at the back section of abdominal cavity, one on each side of the backbone.

The kidneys consists of two parts : 1. Outer dark-red / darker layer called Cortex : - consists numerous blood capillaries. 2. Inner pale-red / lighter layer called Medulla : - consists conical-shaped tissues called pyramids. - each pyramids contain many tubules called nephrons where urine is formed. 4

11 Plant do not have any specific excretory organs for removing waste products. 12 Excretory products of plants are : Carbon dioxide, oxygen and water : - removed from the plants by diffusion through the stomata. Complex waste products : - removed from the plants through the leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. Complex waste products Latex Gum Resin Tannin Quinine Volatile oils Caffeine Cocaine Opium Sources trunk of Rubber trees trunk of Acacia trees trunks of pine trees , cassuarina tree Tea leaves , bark of mangrove trees Bark of quinine trees Rose petals , leaves of orange trees Coffee beans Coca leaves Poppy fruits Uses / Danger Tyres , groves , shoe soles , rubber pipes Cough mixture , sweets Varnish , Paint Ink , tan animal skin Medicine to treat malaria, allays fever Aromatherapy oil, perfume, medicated oil Stimulating effects Uses in cough medicines/cause addictive Relieves pain / cause highly addictive