MAIL SERVER

A mail server is an application that permits you to send messages from an user to any
other user regardless of the net where the users are. The mail server also is named
MTA (mail transport agent), it transports the mail to the MTA of destination using
SMTP (Simple Message Trasfer Protocol).

Then MTA receives the mail and sends it to a mail deliver agent (MDA) which puts the
e-mail in storage while the user accepts the mail.

POP3 is a mail local client to get emails stored in a remote server to our server.
IMAP is an access protocol to stored messages in a server. You can access to your mail
with imap from a anywhere.

The message is genereted in the client side by the MUA application, the MUA sends
the message to its local MTA, the local MTA searches its registers, if the destination is
registered, it sends the message immediately to its MDA, which stores the message
until the user access it using POP3 or IMAP protocols. For this reason the mail server is
named pop server or imap server, according the used protocol.

The mail server uses ldap for user authentication and stored information in it, also
implements ssl /tls for traffic encryption to provide secure pages for the users.

The server uses anti-spam system to detect and delete all the mails that the user
doesn't want and also uses an anti-virus system to find bad programs.

Security

There aren`t any security server 100% secure one form to secure the net against
electronic attacks from out is to separate the net of other nets and systems.
The security servers have an adequate level of security to connect the net with other
nets. a solid secure server has a limited value if there are weak points in the net, for
this reason it is necessary use security in all the components of the net and to plan a
security policy that takes into account the risks of each component.

The principal features for the mail server

1 set and apply the adequate level to guarantee email servers install a firewall to avoid
access non authorized in the net use security protocol ip version 6 to avoid the mail
traffic don't connect the mail server to Internet if there is no a firewall configured
2 set and apply the authentication method pop3 standard authentication service of
users send authentication information to mail server in plain text, so the password to
connect the mail server and client is encrypted, this avoids access denied.

WEB APLICATION

The users can access to a web application thanks to a web server on Internet. A web
server is software that reply web pages when an user is using a browser. A user
generates a request when the user clicks in a link or write a URL in a browser.

Previously, users can not interact with information found by browsers because the
pages were static or just simple documents in html. A static web page doesn't change
when you request it, the web server sends the page to a web browser without editing
allowed.

The building of html documents had change from the first wrote page in html stored in
a folder in the web server to dynamic pages. the dynamic pages ere edited before
submit the page to the client browser

How does a web application really work?

When a web browser receives a request to show a static web page, the server only
sends the page to the client browser. when a web browser sends a request looking for
a dynamic web page to a server, the server find the page and send it to the application
server which passes the page to the browser changing it according to the user actions.

How does the web application access the database?

An application server can not access the database because the format doesn't let
decrypt data. the application server only can connect with the database thanks to
controller that work between the database. this software works as an interpreter
between application server and database the controller sets connections with the
database and builds a series of registers.
This series of registers are sets of data extracted from a database , it is returned to the
application server , it uses the data to complete the page an application server let to
work with resources of the sever , like database , for example , a dynamic page can
indicate to application server to extract data from a database and insert it in code
html of the page the instruction to extract data from a database is named database
query, a query requires a search expressed in a database language called SQL
(structured query language) the sql query is written in scrips or tags in the server that
has the page.

We can use practically any database with web application as long as the database
controller is installed right in the server, if we want to develop applications for
Enterprise client, we can use a database based on servers as SQL server, oracle or
MYSQL.

If the database is located in a web server we must secure a connection available and
fast between systems for looking a web application run fast and efficiently advantages
of web applications

You can access from anywhere, we only need connection and a web browser if you
open source tools, you don't pay to use the operative system Linux, Apache web
server, the php language or mysql database engine, it is not necessary to pay for tools
used by users easy authentication .just make changes to the server online
it is an multi platform application, so, the user can use the program using windows
Macintosh or other system, the most necessary is a web browser.

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol developed in august of 1988 by case,

MCcloghric, rose and waldbusser, as a solution to the problem of communication of
different networks. It gives the capacity to audit and communicate status
communication among huge verify of hosts. It is useful on large networks and where
demands the vitality of the network.
SNMP is as protocol of application layer that belongs to the TCP/IP family and it serves
for managing of data, It’s based on packages, UDP, it means, it’s connectionless
defining a server-client connection between the networks manager (client) and the
managed elements (servers, active devices) called agents.
 SNMP COMPONENTS:

Agents: Called the “clients” It means, are the equipments or devices, that make part of
the network and when are monitored (Work station, routers, switches).

NMS: Network Management Station, It’s the device where it’s located the monitoring
software, meaning the “Server” that allows us the monitoring of the network and
where stores all collected information.

MIB`s: Management Information Base, It’s the logical database that the NMS and
networks device (Agents), keep, where we found the information of the components
of each of these devices. This database hierarchy structured and contains the OID
(Object Identify)

There are 2 MIB versions, which are:

MIB1: Contains 8 levels that correspond to 8 different types of objects and can be
detailed on network:

System (Operating system Information, this level is optional)

Interfaces (Show as the devices are connected to network, this level is obligatory when
the SNMP version2 is used; and it’s optional on version3)
Address Translation (Maps the networks address to the physical addresses)
Internet Protocol (IP) (Packages controller, obligatory)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), (Types of used massage, obligatory)
Transport Control Protocol (TCP), (Open connections, obligatory on TCP connections)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), (Closed connections, obligatory on UDP connections)
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), (Used to exchange routing information among
autonomal systems)

MIB2: Contains the same 8 before levels (ENHANCED): but with 3 new levels which
are: TRANSMITION, SNMP, and CMOT.

The rules describe the MIB objects are implemented by SMI that uses the ASN.1, It is
the descriptive language, the objects, and descriptions are composed by the next
components: description of the objects, syntax, definition, status.
The SNMP uses two types of massages, the pooling whose objective is asking and
answering , this effect to performance of the networks and it works by the 161 port
and the method of interruption (Traps) This only handles the message of error or the
network alarms , it works on 162 port.