SL. No 1.

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE Introduce the topic, Clotting factors.

CONTENT

TEACHING & LEARNING ACTIVITY TEACHER LEARNER

A.V AIDS

EVALUATION

1 min

Introduction
Coagulation (blood clotting) is a complex process that also involves a positive feedback system. Their numbers represent the order in which they were discovered and not the order of participation in the clotting process. Blood clotting results in formation of an insoluble thread-like mesh of fibrin which traps blood cells and is much stronger than the rapidly formed platelet plug. Teacher introduces the topic. Students will listen carefully.

2.

1min

Define clotting DEFINITION OF CLOTTING FACTOR factor Clotting factor are any of the factors in the blood whose actions are essential for blood coagulation. List the clotting factors and their sources.

Teacher defines the term, clotting factor.

Students will respond well.

White board

Define the term, Clotting factor?

3.

4 min

Factors Names
I II III IV V VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII Fibrinogen Prothrombin Thromboplasm Calcium ions Labile factor Stable factor Antihemophilic factor Christmas factor Stuart factor Antihemophilic factor C Hageman factor Fibrin-stabilizing factor

Source
Liver Liver Damaged tissues & activated platelets Diet, bones and platelets Liver & platelets Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver & platelets
Teacher listed the factors, names and sources of clotting factors. Students listened carefully and contribute their points. List the names of clotting factors in order.

LCD

4.

5 min

Explain the mechanism of clotting.

Blood Clotting is one of three mechanisms that reduce the loss of blood from broken blood vessels. The three mechanisms are: Vascular Spasm - The smooth muscle in blood vessel walls contracts immediately the blood vessel is broken. This response reduces blood loss for some time, while the other hemostatic mechanisms become active. Platelet Plug Formation - When blood platelets encounter a damaged blood vessel they form a "platelet plug" to help to close the gap in the broken blood vessel. (The key stages of this process are called platelet adhesion, platelet release reaction, and platelet aggregation) Blood Clotting (Coagulation) Following damage to a blood vessel, vascular spasm occurs to reduce blood loss while other mechanisms also take effect: Blood platelets congregate at the site of damage and a mass to form a platelet plug. This is the beginning of the process of the blood "breaking down" from is usual liquid form in such a way that its constituents play their own parts in processes to minimise blood loss. Blood normally remains in its liquid state while it is within the blood vessels but when it leaves them the blood may thicken and form a gel (coagulation). Blood clotting (technically "blood coagulation") is the process by which (liquid) blood is transformed into a solid state. This blood clotting is a complex process involving many clotting factors (incl. calcium ions, enzymes, platelets, damaged tissues) activating each Teacher will explain the mechanism using the video clip. . Video clip What are the three mechanisms of clotting?

Students will listen carefully.

other. The three stages of this process are: 1. Formation of Prothrombinase Prothrombinase can be formed in two ways, depending of which of two "systems" or "pathways" apply. These are Intrinsic System Extrinsic System This is initiated by liquid blood making contact with a foreign surface, i.e. something that is not part of the body; or This is initiated by liquid blood making contact with damaged tissue.

Both the intrinsic and the extrinsic systems involve interactions between coagulation factors. These coagulation factors have individual names but are often referred to by a standardised set of Roman Numerals, e.g. Factor VIII (antihaemophilic factor), Factor IX (Christmas factor). 2. Prothrombin converted into the enzyme Thrombin Prothrombinase (formed in stage 1.) converts prothrombin, which is a plasma protein that is formed in the liver, into the enzyme thrombin. Fibrinogen (soluble) converted to Fibrin (insoluble) In turn, thrombin converts fibrinogen (which is also a plasma protein synthesized in the liver) into fibrin. Fibrin is insoluble and forms the threads that bind the clot.

3.

2 min

SUMMARY: Today we learn about the definition, names and sources of clotting factors.

CONCLUSION:
min

I would like to conclude my topic by asking some questions. 1. Define the term, clotting factors? 2. List the clotting factors?

min

RECAPITULATION Encouraged the students to clarify their doubts regarding this topic. ASSIGNMENT Write an assignment on Coagulation process. Date of submission: BIBLIOGRAPHY: STUDENTS 1. Allison Grant, Anne Waugh. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. Tenth Edition. New York: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2006. Chapter.18.p.77-79 2. Tortora, Derrickson. Eleventh edition. USA:John Wiley & sons; 2006.p.681-685 TEACHERS 1. Allison Grant, Anne Waugh. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. Tenth Edition. New York: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2006. Chapter.18.p.77-79 2. Tortora, Derrickson. Eleventh edition. USA: John Wiley & sons; 2006.p.681-685

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