ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project work has been done under the able guidance of our Chemistry teacher Mr. A. K. Sharma. I am grateful to his valuable guidance.

I also express my gratitude to our Principal Mr. R. A. Mishra who gave us his kind permission to use various equipment and provided all facilities for completing this project effectively and efficiently.

CERTIFICATE OF GUIDANCE
The project entitled SLEEPING HABBITS is being submitted by ANKITA SHARMA a regular student of Class XII/B of N.E. RAILWAY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL GORAKHPUR.

For the session of 2011-2012 has been completed under my supervision and guidance.

Dated Mr. R. N. Samal

(LECTURER IN CHEMISTRY)

CONTENTS

Sr. No.
1) 2) 3)

PARTICULARS
Introduction Statement of problem Apparatus and experimental

PAGE
1 2 3

Techniques 4) 5) 6) Detail of experiment Tabulation and result Generalization interpretation and Conclusion 4 5 6

INTRODUCTION
Soap is a useful detergent for such as for cleaning clothes and out body etc. It has no general formula, however, a particular soap may be represented by formula C17 H35 COONa (sodium stearate). The soap acts mainly in two ways: 1. They try to concentrate at surface of the solution to form coherent films, so they reduce surface tension of solution and thus foams. 2. They can emulsify grease and oil. They are also surface active agents. Their molecules contain two characteristics groups. One is lipophilic i.e. oil soluble and the other is hydrophilic i.e. water soluble.

Thus an emulsion is between water and oil phase which appears like foam and the dirty material is washed away along with the emulsion with excess water. So washing capacity of the soap would, therefore depend upon the extent to which the soap can furnish foam with water in other words upon the foaming capacity of soap.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

To compare the foaming capacity of the following soaps:-

LUX HAMAM SANTOOR CINTHOL

DETAILS OF EXPERIMENT

Numbered the beaker 1,2,3, and 4 respectively. Weight 2 gm. Of each sample and put one sample into each beaker. Added 25ml. of distilled water in each beaker. Dissolve the soap making use of glass rod and by gentle heating. After that place all four tubes in a test tube stand. One ml. of each of four soap solution as obtained above has been then poured in test tube of the corresponding number. Added 10ml. of distilled water in each test tube, took versa eight times. Buy this process foam was produced. Kept the test tube in the stand and immediately started a soap- watch. Note down the time taken for the disappearance of foam.

TABULATION AND RESULT

Amount of each soap sample taken = 2gm. Volume of distilled water = 10cc Number of times each tube shaken = 8times

Soap Sample

Time Taken For Disappearance Of The Foam

LUX HAMAM SAMTOOR CINTHOL

58 hrs. & 20 min. 52 hrs. 55 hrs. & 15 min. 52 hrs. & 30 min.

RESULT
The foaming capacities of different samples are in orde 1. Lux 2. Santoor 3. Cinthol 4. hamam

GENERALIZATION INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION

Since there is no way by which we can measure the amount of foam produced by a known amount of soap, so foaming capacity of a soap cannot be determined quantitatively. However, we can make a qualitative comparison of the foaming capacity by comparing the time taken for the disappearance of the foam produced by the same concentration of various sample with the same forces. Less will be the time taken for the foam for disappearance of sample, the lower will be its foaming capacity. However, we can see that the time taken for the foam of disappearance in Lux is longest and for Humam is least. Therefore, foaming capacity of Lux is greatest and that of Humam is least. More will be the foaming of soap more will be its cleaning effect. Hence, the cleaning effect of Lux is greatest among the four sample soap taken.

APPARATUS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE APPARATUS

Four test tube two tube stands, Bunsen burner of spirit lamp, stop watch, chemical balance, weight box watch glass rod, beaker, measuring cylinder, distilled water, four different samples of soap.

EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE
1. Weighed 2gm of soap, mixed it in 25ml of water and heated. 2. When the soap has dissolved completely, took 1ml of soap solution and added 10ml of water in it. 3. Shake the above mixture eight times and kept the test tube in test stand. 4. Noted down the time taken for the disappearance of the foam.