LOGARTMOS

Questes Resolvidas

1. Calcule x = log a b nos seguintes casos:

a)
b)
c)
d)

log = =

b = 625 e a = 5
b = 81 e a = 1/3
b = 0,0001 e a = 100
b = 432 e a = 0,125

>0 1
>0

) log 5 625 = 5 = 625

5 = 54 = 4
1
3

) log 1 81 =
3

) log 0,125 4 32 = 0,125

1

= 81

3; = 34 = 4

1
8

) log100 0,0001 = 100 = 0,0001

102

10;4

2 = 4

102

10;4

= 2

125
1000

= 22 .

22 . 2 2

;3

9
2
2

1
23

3
2

5
2:2
2

3 =

= 4 32

25

9
2

2. Calcule: a) o logaritmo de 256 na base 2 2

b) o logaritmo de 9/16 na base 2 / 3.
) log 2

2 256

2 2
1 2

2 .

= 256

21

1
21 . 22

) log

9
=
16

2
3

2
3

=2

2
=

28

1
1:2
2

= 28

3
22

= 28

3
22

= 28

3
16
=8 =
2
3

24
1

32
= 4
2

2
1

9
=
16

;4

2
3

= 4

3. Calcule o valor da expresso: log5 1 + 4 log4 5 + log3 (log5 125)

log 5 1 = 5 = 1
5 = 1 = 50 = 0

=
= log

4log4 5 =
=5

log 4 5 = log 4

log 3 log 5 125 =

log 3 log 5 53 =
log 3 3 =
=1

: + +
0+5+1=6

4. Se log 2 = a e log 3 = b, calcule em funo de a e b o valor da expresso:

E = 10 log (log 3 ) + log (1 + log 2 / log 3 )

log 2
10: log log 3 + log 1 +
log 3

+
+
log + log 1 +
= log + log
= log .

= 10log : = 10log10

=+

= log +

5. Determinar o campo de existncia da expresso log x-3 (7 x).

I

II

3>0 31
7 >0
III

I. > 3

log = =

II. 4

>0 1

III. > 7 < 7

>0

III

II

3 < < 7 4 3 , 4 4 , 7

6. Resolva as equaes:
a) log 5 (x + 3) = log 5 (x + 3)
b) log x (14 5x) = 2
c) log 1/5 (x 4x + 4) = 0
d) log 1/3 (x + 3x 1 ) = 2
e) log4 [log2 (log3 x)] = 1/2
f) ( log8 x) 4 log8 x + 4 = 0

) . . :

2 + 3 > 0 + 3 > 0
2 + 3 > 0
+ 3 > 0 > 3

> 3

log 5 2 + 3 = log 5 + 3
2 + 3 = + 3
2 = 0
. 1 = 0 = 0 = 1
0 > 3
1 > 3

= 0 ,1

b) log x (14 5x) = 2

. . :
>0
1
14 5 > 0 5 > 14
14
5 < 14 <
5

14
0<<
1
5

2 = 14 5
2 + 5 14 = 0

..
.

= 7 = 2

c) log 1/5 (x 4x + 4) = 0
. . :

= 5
5

. . :

2 4 + 4 > 0
2

d) log 1/3 (x + 3x 1 ) = 2

>0 2

1
2 4 + 4 =
5

2 + 3 1 =

1
3

2 + 3 1 = 32

2 4 + 4 = 1

2 + 3 1 = 9

2 4 + 3 = 0

2 + 3 10 = 0

= 1 = 3

= 5 = 2

..
.

= 1 ,3

+ 3. 5 1 > 0
9>0

2 + 3 1 > 0
;2

=2
2

+ 3. 2 1 > 0
9>0

..
.

= 5 , 2

e) log4 [log2 (log3 x)] = 1/2

f) ( log8 x) 4 log8 x + 4 = 0

. . :

. . :

>0

>0

log 2 log 3 = 41
log 2 log 3 = 4
log 2 log 3 = 2
log 3 = 22

log 3 = 4
=

34

= 81

81

log 8 =
2 4 + 4 = 0

..
.

=2
log 8 = 2
= 82
= 64

64

7. Sabendo que a, b e c so nmeros reais e positivos e que log10 (a. b) = 12,6 e

log10 (a . c) = 0,2 , calcule log10 b/c .
log10 . = 12,6 . = 1012,6

log10 . = 0,2 . = 100,2

Dividindo por , temos:

log10

. 1012,6
=
.
100,2

= 1012,6;0,2

= log10 1012,4 = 12,4

= 1012,4

8. Resolva as equaes:
a) log (2x + 4x 4) + colog (x + 1) = log 4
b) log x + 2 log x 10 = 3
c) log 2 (x + 1) = log 2 (x 1) + 1
d) log x 2 . log x/16 2 = log x/64 2
e) log 4 (x 3) log 16 (x 3) = 1

f) log 4 (log 2 x) + log 2 (log 4 x) = 2

) . . :

2 2 + 4 4 > 0 + 1 > 0 > 1

log 2 2 + 4 4 log + 1 = log 4

log

2 2

+ 4 4
= log 4
+1

2 2

+ 4 4
=4
+1

= 2
=2
2.22 +4.2 4 > 0
12 > 0

2 2 + 4 4 = 4 + 4
2

2 = 8

= 4 = 2

b) log x + 2 log x 10 = 3
. . :
= 1 log10 = 1

>0 1

= 101 = 10
log10 + 2.

log10 10
=3
log10

log10 =

log = 1

= 2 log10 = 2
= 102 = 100

1
+ 2. = 3

2 + 2 = 3
2 3 + 2 = 0

..
.

= 1 = 2

= 10 , 100

c) log 2 (x + 1) = log 2 (x 1) + 1
2. log 2 + 1 = log 2 2 2 2

. . :

log 2 + 1

+ 1 > 0 > 1
2 1 > 0

log 2 + 1
log 2 2
log 2 + 1
1

log 2 2

= log 2 2 2 2

+1

= 2 2 2

2 + 2 + 1 = 2 2 2

= log 2 2 1 + log 2 2
= log 2 [ 2 1 . 2]

log 2 + 1
= log 2 2 2 2
1
. log 2 2
2
log 2 + 1
= log 2 2 2 2
1
2

2 2 3 = 0

..
log
.
= .=log
1 = 3
= 1
= 3 32 1 > 0 8 > 0

= 3

d) log x 2 . log x/16 2 = log x/64 2

= 2 log 2 = 2 = 22 = 4

. . :
> 0 1, 16 64

log 2 2 log 2 2
log 2 2
.
=

log 2 log
log 2 64
2 16

=4
= 3 log 2 = 3 = 23 = 8

=8

1
1
1
.
=
log 2 log 2 log 2 16
log 2 log 2 64
log 2 =
1
1
. 4 = 6
=
. 4
6
2 4 + 6 = 0
2 5 + 6 = 0

..
.

= 2 = 3

= 4 ,8

e) log 4 (x 3) log 16 (x 3) = 1
. . :
3>0 >3
log 4 3
log 4 3
=1
log 4 16
log 4 3 =

=1
2

=1 =2
2
log 4 3 = 2
3 = 42
3 = 16 = 19

= 19

f) log 4 (log 2 x) + log 2 (log 4 x) = 2

log 2
log 2 .
4

. . :

= 16

log 2 =

>0

2
.
= 16
4

log 2 log 2
+ log 2 log 4 = 2
log 2 4
log 2 log 2
+ log 2 log 4 = 2
2
log 2 log 2 + 2. log 2 log 4 = 4
log 2 log 2 + log 2 log 4
log 2 log 2 . log 4
log 2
log 2 .
log 2 4

=4

=4

= 24

3 = 64
=

64 =

26 = 22 = 4
log 2 = 4
= 24 = 16

= 16

9. Resolva as inequaes :
a) log 5 (4x 1) < log 5 3
b) log (x + 4) log (2x 2)
c) log (x 2x) 3
d) log 2 (x 3) + log 2 (x 2) < 1
1
) . . : 4 1 > 0 >
4

5 > 1
4 1 < 3
4 < 4
<1

II

II

1
<<1
4

b) log (x + 4) log (2x 2)

. . :
+ 4 > 0 > 4 < 4
2 2 > 0 2 > 2 > 1

I
II

1 2 0 < < 1
+ 4 2 2
2 2 4
3 6
3 6
2
III

III

= 1<2
I

II

c) log (x 2x) 3
. . :

2 2 > 0 I
Para resolver uma inequao logartmica, fica mais fcil quando temos, em ambos os
lados da desigualdade, logaritmos na mesma base.
Do lado esquerdo temos um logaritmo na base .
Vamos escrever o 3 do lado direito como um logaritmo na base tambm:
log 1 = 3 = 1 2
2
log 1

;3

= 23 = 8

3 = log 1 8
2

2 2 log 1 8
2

1 2 0 < < 1
2 2 8

2 2 8 0 II

 2 2 > 0

2 2 8 0

II

: = 2 2

: = 2 2 8

: 0 2

: 2 4

>0

0 2

: < 0 > 2

2 4

: 2 4

= 2 < 0 2 < 4

: < 0 > 2

2 , 0

2 ,4
: 2 4

d) log 2 (x 3) + log 2 (x 2) < 1

. . :

3>0 >3
2>0 >2

>3

Vamos escrever o 1 do lado direito como um logaritmo na base 2 tambm:

log 2 = 1 = 21 = 21 = 2 1 = log 2 2
log 2 3 + log 2 2 < log 2 2

log 2 3 . 2
log 2 2 5 + 6 < log 2 2
2 > 1
2 5 + 6 < 2 2 5 + 4 < 0

: > 3
= 2 5 + 4
: 1 4

<0

1 4

= 3<<4
3 , 4

: 1 < < 4
2 5 + 4 < 0

) 3
10. Resolva as equaes:
x

a) 2 = 7
b) 9 x 7.3 x + 10 = 0

) 2 = 7 log 2 7 =
0,845
log 7
2,8

=
0,301
log 2

7. 3 + 10 = 0

3 =
2 7 + 10 = 0

..
.

= 2 = 5
= 2 3 = 2
= log 3 2 =

= 2,8

0,301
log 2
0,63

0.477
log 3

= 5 3 = 5
= log 3 5 =

0,699
log 5
1,5

0.477
log 3

= 0,63 ; 1,5

ISERJ 2012
Professora Telma Castro Silva