Miles Clayton 4th Period Chapter 17: reconstructing the state

Chart of Amendments

13th Amendment

14th Amendment

15th Amendment

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their Jurisdiction So Basically the 13th amendment didnt give slaves equal rights instantly but it did give them a starting point off of which only the ones that wanted it could thrive off of. Granted citizenship to the freedmen and guaranteeing equal protection under the law. Which is basically stating that the law applies to everyone; whatever race that you happen to be. The privilege to vote no matter what your race, color or servitude.

Word/Term/Person List and Notes ^^^^:]

RECONSTRUCTION (P.417)-This period from 1865 to 1877 set Georgia on the path it would follow for many decades. REBEL STATES (P.419)- The south had considered itself a separate nation during the war. However the United States government had no considered secession to be legal, so it did not look at the South as a conquered nation but an area that had been in rebellion. PARDON (P.419)- forgiveness of a serious offense or offender.

MALICE (P.419)- desire to inflict injury, harm, or suffering on another, either because of a hostile impulse or out of deep-seated meanness. FREEDMEN (P.420)- a man who has been freed from slavery. WADE-DAVIS BILL (P.420)- outlined Congresss plan. JOHN WILKES BOOTH (P.420)- was an American stage actor who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Fords theatre, in Washington, DC on April 14, 1865. FORD THEATRE (P.420)- Historic Theatre were President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. ANDREW JOHNSON (P.420)- Was the 17th President of the United States. He succeeded Abraham Lincoln after his assassination. INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE (P.420) is a United States legal and constitutional term for a person laboring against that persons will to benefit another, under some form of coercion other than the workers financial needs. THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT (P.420) officially outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude. LINCOLNS TEN PERCENT PLAN (P. 420) - Many northern leaders thought that Lincolns Ten Percent plan made it too easy for ex-Confederates to return and that it did not call for any guarantees for rights for the freedmen ( the newly free slaves). BLACK CODES (P.421)- laws that applied specifically to the freedmen. Still denied freedmen the right to serve on juries, testify against whites, or marry a white person. Nor were black men allowed to vote. FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT (P.422)- Granted citizenship to freedmen. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT 1866 (P.422)- an act guaranteeing rights to the freedmen. GENERAL JOHN POPE (P.422) was appointed as the first military commander of the district that included Georgia. CHARLES J. JENKINS (P.423) Governor; had been elected in November 1865 after having taken part in the convention that drafted the 1865 constitution. CARPETBAGGERS (P.423)- The northern were called SCALAWAGS (P.423)==- Became republican Southern whites GEORGIA CONSTITUTION OF 1868 (P.423)- A system of free public schools for all of Georgias children, black and white. African American men the right to vote and allowed married women to control their own property. HENRY MCNEIL TURNER (P.423-424) A minister at the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Macon. GENERAL ASSEMBLY (P.424)- is one of the five principal organs of the united nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. KU KLUX KLAN (P. 424) A terrorist organization KKK POLITICAL PARTY (P.424) Founded by former Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest in Tennessee in 1866, the klan became an organization that tried to frighten those it considered enemies carpetbaggers, scalawags, and African Americans. UPPITY (P.425) affecting an attitude of inflated self-esteem; haughty; snobbish. CAMILLA RIOT (P.425) A group of blacks marched from Albany to Camilla to join a Republican rally. They were fired upon by whites in Camilla town square and then chased down as they tried to return to Albany. GOVERNOR RUFUS BULLOCK (P.425) had been elected governor in 1868, the U.S government reestablished military rule in Georgia while Georgia underwent further Reconstruction.

FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT (P.425-426) prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizens race, color, or previous condition of servitude. GENERAL ALFRED TERRY (P.426) restored the seats of the African Americans who had been removed from the General Assembly in 1868. JEFFERSON FRANKLIN LONG (P.426-427) Slave before the civil war, long was a tailor whose owner had allowed him to operate his own shop, also a congressmen chosen for the December-March session of U.S. Congress. DEMOCRAT JAMES SMITH (P.427) was elected in a special December 1871 gubernatorial election. REDEEMERS (P.427) they believed that they had redeemed or saved the state from the Norths Reconstruction policies. DR. WILLIAM FELTON (P. 427) some democrats split from the party and became independents. In 1876 the voters of the Seventh District, located in north Georgia, elected Independent DR. William Felton to the U.S. House of Representatives. JONATHAN NORCROSS (P.427) The republicans hoped that they might have a better chance in the election. Their nominee for governor was Jonathan Norcross, who had been mayor of Atlanta before the Civil War. However Norcross lost to Democrat Alfred Colquitt by almost 70,000 votes. ALFRED COLQUITT (P.427) Won the election with over 70,000 votes more than Norcross. GEORGIAS POLITICAL PARTY FROM 1871-2002: (P.427)- From the election of James Smith in 1871 through 2002, Georgias governors were Democrats. It was not until 2003 that a Republican was elected to the governors office. ROBERT TOOMBS (P.428) was a leader of the 1877 constitutional convention. A wealthy planter, he had been one of Georgias most powerful politicians since the 1830s, serving as a U.S. senator and later as the first secretary of state for the Confederacy. After the end of the war, he escaped to Europe, returning in 1867. Because he refused to request a pardon from Congress, he never regained his American citizenship, remaining unreconstructed until his death. 1878 CONSTITUTION SET UP (P.428) Georgians voted for a new constitutional convention by a small margin. Robert Toombs and Charles Jones Jenkins led the convention that kept some of the aspects of the constitution of 1868, but also made some significant changes. The new constitution set up a weaker state government and increased the power of the rural areas of Georgia. Representation in the Georgia House was divided so that the top six counties in population had three representatives each, the next twenty-six counties had two each and the reaming 105 had one. The governor lost the power to appoint judges that power went to the General Assembly. The Governors term was reduced from four years to two. Six year terms were established for the justices of the Georgia Supreme Court. GOVERNORS TERM (P.428) shorten to 2 years POLL TAX (P.428) which had to be paid in order for a citizen to vote. KU KLUX KLAN ACT (P.428) In the early 1870s the Republicans of the North had hoped to stop the violence of the KKK by passing the Ku Klux Klan Act. 1875 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT (P.428)- They also tried to stop discrimination in public places by making it illegal in the 1875 Civil Rights Act. DISCRIMINATION (P.428) is the unfair treatment of a person or a group because of prejudice.

COMPROMISE OF 1877 (P.428) settled the election, Republican Ruther ford B. Hayes became president by agreeing to remove the remaining U.S troops in the South, thus ending Reconstruction. RUTHERFORD B. HAYES (P.428) Became president 1876 TUNIS CAMPBELL (P.429) was educated in the north, became an African Methodist Episcopal minister, and earned his living in hotels in New York and Boston. Sent to work among the slaves in costal South Carolina. Campbell was released and moved to Washington, D.C. with ought Campbells leadership in McIntosh County, planter whites regained control, SHAMBLES (P.430) - a slaughter house, any place of carnage, a scene of destruction, any place or thing in disorder. WHITE SUPREMACY (P.430)- which control of government and society based on the belief that the white race is superior to any other race. FREEDMANS BUREAU (P.431) This agency provided help to the ex-slaves as they adjusted to their freedom and to the responsibility of providing all the necessities of life for themselves. The bureau also provided assistance to poor whites who were struggling after the war. OLIVER O. HOWARD (P.431) Led the Freedmens Bureau FREEDMANS BUREAU STAFF (P.431) Howard University in Washington D.C. was named, provided hospitals SUBSISTANCE FARMING (P.432) is self sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families. GEORGIAS BLACK BELT OR COTTON BELT (P.432) - is a term applied to a region of the southern United States were cotton was the predominant cash crop from the late 18th century into the 20th century. FORTY ACRES AND A MULE (P.432) - refers to the short lived policy, during the last stages of the American Civil War in 1865, of providing arable land to black former slaves who had become free as a result of the advance of the Union armies into the territory previously controlled by the Confederacy, particularly after Major Generals William Tecumseh Shermans March to the Sea. PROFIT (P.433) pecuniary gain resulting from the employment of capital in any transaction. Compare gross profit, net profit. TENANT FARMING (P.433) is one who resides on and farms land owned by a landlord. Tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management; while tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management. SHARECROPPING (P.433) a system of farming that developed in the south after the civil war, when landowners, many of whom had formerly held slaves, lacked the cash to pay wages to farm laborers, many of whom were former slaves. The system called for dividing the crop into three shares- one of the landowner one of the worker and one for whoever provided seeds, fertilizer, and farm equipment. CROP LIEN SYSTEM (P.433) - is a credit system that became widely used by farmers in the United States around 1860s to 1920s. BLACKSMITH (P.434) a person who makes horseshoes and shoes horses, a person who forges objects of iron. SHACKS (P.434) a rough cabin; shanty.

SEAMSTRESSES AND LAUNDRESSES (P.434) person whose work is sewing, women whose work is the washing and ironing of clothes, linens, etc. LEASED (P.435) a contract renting land, buildings, etc., to another CONVICT LEASE SYSTEM (P.435) was a system of penal labor practiced in the Southern United States, beginning with the emancipation of slaves at the end of the American Civil War in 1865, peaking around 1880, and ending in the last state, Alabama in 1928. WESTERN ATLANTIC RAILROAD (P.435) is a historic railroad that operated in the southeastern United States from Atlanta, Georgia, to Chattanooga, Tennessee. DEPOT (P.435) a railroad station, a bus station, a place in which supplies and materials are stored for distribution. (Military) GEORGIAS CIVIL WAR GOVERNOR (P.435) Joseph E. Brown served. TABBY WALLS (P.436) walls SEGREGATE (P.436) to separate or set apart from others or from or from the main body or group; isolate AME/AMEZ/CME (P.347) African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church. LITERATE (P.437) able to read and write EMORY COLLEGE IN OXFORD (P.438) had been established in 1836 by the Methodist Church. The college was closed during the Civil War as most of the students went off to fight. Reopening in 1866, the college struggled until being endowed by New York Methodist and philanthropist George Seney beginning in 1881. GEORGE SENEY (P.438) was a nineteenth century politician, lawyer and judge from Ohio. SCHOOL YEAR LENGTH (P. 438) semesters / trimester / a quarter or quadmester. GUSTAVUS J. ORR EXTABLISHED (P.438) was an early proponent of the public education. This led to his being appointed Georgias second State Commissioner of Education in 1872, a position he held until he died in 1887. MORRILL ACT 1862 (P.438) Land grand acts that allowed for the creation of land grant colleges, including the Morrill Act of 1862, and the Morrill act of 1890. WESLEYAN COLLEGE (P.438) College for females before the war now known in Macon AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY (P.438) founded Augusta Institute at the Springfield Baptist Church in Augusta in 1867. AUGUSTA INSTITUTE/MOREHOUSE COLEGE (P.438) After Reconstruction the school moved to Atlanta, where it became Morehouse College. WILLIAM JEFFERSON WHITE (P.438) WAS A u.s Representative from Ohio. TWO OTHER UNIVERSITITES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS 1870/1872 (P.438) Atlanta University Clark University THREE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF RECONSTRUCTION (P.439 PARAGRAPH 2) Former Slaves were free and no longer burdened by the fear of forced family separation. African Americans had churches that provided spiritual comfort and uplift. For whites and blacks, Reconstruction brought the framework for an educational system in Georgia SEGREGATED TRANSPORTATION (P.439) Although African Americans and whites went to separate schools from the beginning, not all aspects of life became segregated until a decade or more after Reconstruction ended. With the exception of first class railroad cars, streetcars in cities and trains were not segregated. GEORGIAS COLONIAL CAPITAL (P.440) - Atlanta

GEORGIAS PATRIOT CAPITAL DURING THE REVOLUTION (P.440) during the revolution the patriot capital was in savannah until the British retook it. INLAND 1786 CAPITAL (P.441) -Louisville WESTERN CAPITAL 1804 (P.441) Milledgeville 1868 REOCNSTRUCTION CAPITAL (P.441) Atlanta THE CAPITOL BUILDING IN ATLANTA HAS FLOOR MADE OF: (P.441) marble,granite AND A DOME MADE OF: GOLD (P.441)

Writing Assignment based on Standards

President Lincoln- worked to restore the southern states to the union, which did involve helping the African Americans that were in poverty. President Johnson- Took over the title of President When Lincoln was assassinated and tried to restore the southern states to the Union just like him. It never worked though because congress did not agree with the plans. Oliver O. Howard served as chief commissioner of the Freedmens Bureau, at the request of President Johnson. He was also a Union general in the Civil war, and in 1867 he founded Howard University. My Own Words If there were never people who stood up for what was right in our history, were do you think we would be right now? People who speak up are very brave individuals because

most people dont have the guts to do this. Its a way of expressing your opinion even if its right or wrong. Speaking up can simply nourish the needed development of a prospering democratic society.