Acoustic Resonance

ARTTM Acoustic Resonance Technology
shild Bergh Technology Manager Jostein Jacobsen Head of Section
ARTTM Acoustic Resonance Technology
What is ARTTM ?
ARTTM is a more low frequency, wide-band method than traditional ultrasonics ARTTM, or Acoustic Resonance Technology, has been developed by DNV since 1992. Basic technology principles have been known since 1946 Core technology patented by DNV ARTTM utilizes half-wave frequency principles ARTTM comprises <100 times more acoustic energy compared to traditional ultrasonics Unique characterizing and penetration capabilities are offered through use of longer wavelengths as given by the lower frequency range
Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved
27 October 2008
Slide 2
Acoustic Resonance Technology

Traditional ultrasound echo method
Narrow band, narrow beam, high frequency (>2MHz) acoustic energy
ART method
Broad band, wide beam, low frequency (<2MHz) acoustic energy
UTM
ART
z1
d= nc 2 f1 d= nc 2 f2
Coating/concrete etc. Steel
z2
Transmitted and reflected energy
d=
ct 2
Steel plate
Resonance modes
- Short wavelengths results in poor penetration. - Increasing wavelengths enables increasing ability of penetration.
z3
f2
f1
- In ART measurements, a footprint of a certain area is insonified, and resonances created. The re-radiated energy spectra comprises all information of the area. - Analysis of this resonant energy is basis for ART algorithms.
Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 27 October 2008 Slide 3
ARTTM Thickness measurements

ART is capable of measuring thicknesses of solid materials, also through coating, corrosion products marine growth etc. Pipe walls can be measured from outside or inside (pigging).
ART is capable of doing these measurements in air as well as in water/liquid
The pitting size possible to detect (area) is a function of the specific transducer system; Increasing dynamic range results in increased capability of detecting, and measuring small pittings
With existing laboratory equipment pitting/corrosion with diameter of about 1mm has been detected, while pitting with diameter 4mm has been measured (pitting depth/remaining wall thickness). Corresponding thickness resolution for steel is about 0.1mm with existing laboratory equipment.
27 October 2008
Slide 4
ARTTM Monitoring
ART is very well suited for monitoring purposes with fixed sensors, since the ART algorithms are extremely sensitive to changes in material parameters, corrosion and changes of the medium inside the pipe (including delamination). Also each sensor could be designed to cover a relatively large area, typically 20 100mm, which makes it possible to keep under surveillance large areas with a limited number of sensors.
Examples of monitoring: Corrosion Delamination Hydrate build up Material deterioration MEG concentration Water ingress
Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 27 October 2008
ART sensor system
Slide 5
ART MAIN APPLICATIONS

ART Storage Tank Scanner In-service inspection of bottom plating through sludge
ART Freshwater piping scanner Scanning of cast iron piping ART Riser Scanning Inspection of neoprene / rubber coated risers in splash zone without need for coating removal ART Interactive 3D SW on-line reporting ART Hull scanning of e.g. FPSO / FSO
ART Hand held inspection tool (thickness, water in insulation, hydrate detection etc.)
ART Oil & Gas Pipeline scanning Deepwater TLP tether / composite riser - Acoustic characterization of epoxy tether strand with embedded carbon fibres
ART STORAGE TANK SCANNER
27 October 2008
Slide 7
ART STORAGE TANK SCANNER system overview

Nav. System Amplifier
Umbilical
Oil
Acoustic positioning system ART transducer array
Power unit Navigation Computer Operator Panel
Sludge
Operation container, Zone 1
27 October 2008
Slide 8
ART STORAGE TANK SCANNER Field test results
STATOIL KRST FIELD TEST (SIT)
SYSTEM INTEGRATION TEST SCAN RESULTS
3D REPORTING SW
ARTTM Freshwater Pipescanner

Licensed to Breivoll Inspection Technologies In commercial operation since 2007 Documented capability of measuring through rust nodules & graphite Capable of measuring thicknesses from 1.5mm and upwards
Thickness plot of a 6m pipe section
Distance plot of the same pipe section (shows rust nodules and also the indicate how the skanner has moved through the pipe
Pitting indication plot of the same section, yellow means inside pitting, light blue indicate outside pitting.
ARTTM Measuring steel thicknesses through carbon-epoxycoating

Acoustic transducer Acoustic footprint
Steel plate covered by a carbon-epoxy layer (patch repaired)
Red, magenta and black line show half wave resonances of the steel plate.
27 October 2008
Slide 11
Thickness measurements through 50mm, 3 layer coating Outer: 3 layer coating 50 mm Inner: Steel pipe, 13 mm
Time response, shoot throug coating 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 0
Time response, shoot throug coating 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
Amplitude [V]
200
400 Time [uS]
600
800
1000
Amplitude [V]
160
180
200
220 Time [uS]
240
260
280
27 October 2008
Slide 12
ARTTM Characterization measurements

ART is capable of discriminating between media with different acoustic impedance through a tank wall or pipe wall
Four different projects has been carried out: 1. 2. 3. 4. Hydrate detection (Statoil). Field test has been carried out at Krst. Oil detection. Water ingress (Gassco). Two field tests have been carried out at Krst. MEG detection (Statoil). The method has been qualified in the laboratory for measuring the percentage MEG in a pipe with an accuracy of +/-2.5% when sound velocity measurements have been combined with ART in the range 0 40% MEG and with an accuracy of +/-10% if the MEG content is higher than 40%.
27 October 2008
Slide 13
Water Ingress Detection Prototype

Hand-held sensor
- sends and receives high frequency acoustic signals
Electronics and Signal Processing

- Analog and digital electronics achieve high sensitivity and robustness - ARTTM signal processing compares signal signature with reference signals
User interface
- Water Ingress Detection result displayed on PDA or laptop
27 October 2008
Slide 14
ART Detection of Water Ingress in Pipe Insulation

Field tests at Krst
- February 2008 - July 2008 - December 2008 (planned)
Focus of field tests

- Improve sensitivity - Improve robustness - Fine-tuning of algorithms/electronics - Human factors
27 October 2008
Slide 15
Field test Krst July 2008

Test of a variety of piping sheetings
- Various diameters: 8, 12, 13, 24 - Various thicknesses: sheetings with resonance frequencies 5.5 - 6.7MHz
The majority of sheetings encountered during test were outside the operating specifications of the Water Ingress Detector transducer i.e. the sheetings were thinner than specifications Nevertheless we were able to successfully detect water ingress Evidence too that we can detect corrosion arising from earlier water ingress
27 October 2008
Slide 16
Field test Krst July 2008

Field test results indicate that ART is successful in detecting water ingress Further development is underway to expand operating specifications of the detector to handle the majority of sheetings found at Krst Sheeting diameter 8 True state ART result of insulation Corrosion on inner surface dry wet in places Corrosion from water ingress dry wet in places
13 12
27 October 2008
Slide 17
Water ingress performance

DOCUMENTED PERFORMANCE: Detects if water is present in piping insulation, and also water level through outer sheathing. If water level reaches up to inner piping, thickness of inner pipe is measured Documented resolution for water pellet detection: >3-5mm dia. / water film thickness >0.2mm Development of prototype system ART successfully demonstrated in DNV laboratory on piping test pieces from Krst Two field tests at Krst completed Ongoing refinement of hardware/algorithms for increasing resolution
ART Water Ingress Detection field test at Krst refinery
27 October 2008
Slide 19
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Acoustic Resonance

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ARTTM Acoustic Resonance Technology

shild Bergh Technology Manager Jostein Jacobsen Head of Section

ARTTM Acoustic Resonance Technology

Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved