Irrigation & Industrial Pumps

Engineering Manual

Table of Contents
Irrigation & Industrial Pumps Engineering Manual

Page

Friction Loss - Schedule 80 PVC ............................................................. 3

Friction Loss - Steel Pipe ......................................................................4-9
Friction Loss - Smooth Bore Hose ......................................................... 10
Friction Loss - NPSH ............................................................................. 11
Reference Tables ................................................................................... 12
Friction Loss - Pipe Fittings ...............................................................13-14
Pressure Loss ....................................................................................15-16
Flanges .................................................................................................. 17
Flow Measurements............................................................................... 18
Nozzle Discharge ................................................................................... 19
Electrical Data ........................................................................................ 20
Pressure Tank Sizing ............................................................................. 21
Weirs ...................................................................................................... 22
Affinity Laws ........................................................................................... 23
Materials of Construction .................................................................. 24-27
Definitions ......................................................................................... 28-29
General Information ............................................................................... 30
Conversions ........................................................................................... 31

Friction Loss
Friction Loss - PVC Schedule 80 IPS Plastic Pipe in Feet per 100 feet of pipe
Pipe
Size
GPM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
750
1000
1250
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000

1/2

3/4

1 1/4

1 1/2

2 1/2

Head Vel Head Vel Head Vel Head Vel Head Vel Head Vel Head Vel Head Vel Head Vel
Loss (ft./s) Loss (ft./s) Loss (ft./s) Loss (ft./s) Loss (ft./s) Loss (ft./s) Loss (ft./s) Loss (ft./s) Loss (ft./s)
1.87
6.74
14.29
24.34
36.79
51.57
68.61
87.86
109.27
132.82

1.37
2.74
4.11
5.48
6.85
8.22
9.59
10.96
12.33
13.70

6 Pipe
0.03
0.62
0.03
0.68
0.04
0.74
0.04
0.80
0.05
0.86
0.06
0.92
0.07
0.98
0.07
1.05
0.08
1.11
0.09
1.17
0.01
1.23
0.15
1.54
0.21
1.85
0.28
2.15
0.36
2.46
0.54
3.08
0.76
3.69
1.01
4.31
1.29
4.92
1.61
5.54
1.95
6.15
4.14
9.23
7.05 12.31

0.42
1.52
3.21
5.47
8.27
11.59
15.43
19.75
24.57
29.86
35.63
41.86
55.69
71.31
88.69
107.80

0.74
1.48
2.23
2.97
3.71
4.45
5.19
5.94
6.68
7.42
8.16
8.90
10.39
11.87
13.36
14.84

8 Pipe
0.04
0.88
0.05
1.05
0.07
1.23
0.09
1.41
0.14
1.76
0.19
2.11
0.26
2.46
0.33
2.81
0.41
3.16
0.50
3.51
1.06
5.27
1.80
7.03
2.73
8.78
3.82 10.54

0.12
0.44
0.93
1.59
2.40
3.36
4.47
5.73
7.12
8.66
10.33
12.14
16.15
20.68
25.72
31.26
37.29
43.81
50.81
58.29
66.23

0.45
0.89
1.34
1.78
2.23
2.68
3.12
3.57
4.01
4.46
4.91
5.35
6.24
7.14
8.03
8.92
9.81
10.70
11.60
12.49
13.38

10 Pipe
0.03
0.89
0.05
1.12
0.06
1.34
0.09
1.56
0.11
1.79
0.14
2.01
0.17
2.23
0.35
3.35
0.60
4.47
0.91
5.58
1.27
6.70
2.16
8.94
3.27 11.17
4.58 13.40

0.03
0.11
0.23
0.39
0.59
0.82
1.09
1.40
1.74
2.12
2.53
2.97
3.95
5.06
6.30
7.65
9.13
10.72
12.44
14.27
16.21
21.57
27.62
34.36
41.76
49.82
58.53

0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.75
10.00
11.25
12.51
13.76
15.01

0.01
0.05
0.10
0.18
0.27
0.38
0.50
0.64
0.80
0.97
1.16
1.36
1.81
2.32
2.89
3.51
4.19
4.92
5.71
6.55
7.44
9.89
12.67
15.76
19.16
22.85
26.85
31.14
35.72
40.59
45.74
51.18
56.89
62.88
69.15

0.18
0.36
0.54
0.73
0.91
1.09
1.27
1.45
1.63
1.82
2.00
2.18
2.54
2.90
3.27
3.63
3.99
4.36
4.72
5.08
5.45
6.35
7.26
8.17
9.08
9.99
10.89
11.80
12.71
13.62
14.52
15.43
16.34
17.25
18.16

0.01
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.18
0.23
0.28
0.33
0.39
0.52
0.67
0.83
1.01
1.20
1.41
1.64
1.88
2.13
2.84
3.63
4.52
5.49
6.55
7.70
8.93
10.24
11.64
13.12
14.68
16.32
18.03
19.83
29.98
42.02

0.22
0.33
0.01
0.23
0.43
0.02
0.30
0.54
0.03
0.38
0.01
0.24
0.65
0.04
0.45
0.02
0.29
0.76
0.06
0.53
0.02
0.34
0.87
0.08
0.61
0.03
0.39
0.98
0.01
0.68
0.03
0.44
1.09
0.12
0.76
0.04
0.49
1.20
0.14
0.83
0.05
0.53
1.30
0.16
0.91
0.06
0.58
1.52
0.22
1.06
0.07
0.68
1.74
0.28
1.21
0.09
0.78
1.96
0.34
1.36
0.12
0.87
2.17
0.42
1.51
0.14
0.97
2.39
0.50
1.67
0.17
1.07
2.61
0.59
1.82
0.20
1.17
2.83
0.68
1.97
0.23
1.26
3.04
0.78
2.12
0.26
1.36
3.26
0.89
2.27
0.30
1.46
3.80
1.18
2.65
0.40
1.70
4.35
1.51
3.03
0.51
1.94
4.89
1.88
3.41
0.64
2.19
5.44
2.28
3.78
0.77
2.43
5.98
2.72
4.16
0.92
2.67
6.52
3.20
4.54
1.09
2.91
7.07
3.71
4.92
1.26
3.16
7.61
4.25
5.30
1.45
3.40
8.15
4.83
5.68
1.64
3.64
8.70
5.45
6.06
1.85
3.89
9.24
6.09
6.43
2.07
4.13
9.78
6.77
6.81
2.30
4.37
10.33 7.49
7.19
2.54
4.61
10.87 8.23
7.57
2.80
4.86
13.59 12.45 9.46
4.23
6.07
16.31 17.45 11.35 5.93
7.29
23.21 13.25 7.89
8.50
29.72 15.14 10.01 9.71
44.93 18.92 15.27 12.14

12 Pipe
0.04
1.11
0.05
1.26
0.06
1.42
0.07
1.58
0.15
2.37
0.26
3.16
0.39
3.95
0.55
4.74
0.93
6.32
1.41
7.89
1.97
9.47
2.62 11.05
3.36 12.63

0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.17
0.20
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.38
0.43
0.48
0.54
0.60
0.66
0.73
1.01
1.54
2.05
2.62
3.96
5.56
7.39
9.47

0.56
0.61
0.67
0.73
0.78
0.84
0.98
1.12
1.26
1.40
1.53
1.67
1.81
1.95
2.09
2.23
2.37
2.51
2.65
2.79
3.49
4.19
4.88
5.58
6.98
8.37
9.77
11.16

Note: Suction Velocities should not exceed 8 feet per second. Calculated using Williams and Hazen formula using C = 150.

Friction Loss
Friction Loss - Water in Feet per 100 feet of Steel Pipe
GPM

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200

Pipe Size 1/2

Pipe Size 3/4

Pipe Size 1

Pipe Size 1-1/4

Pipe Size 1-1/2

Actual size 0.622

Actual size 0.824

Actual size 1.049

Actual size 1.38

Actual size 1.61

Vel Vel Head

Vel Vel Head
Vel Vel Head
Vel Vel Head
Vel Vel Head
Friction
Friction
Friction
Friction
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)
(ft/sec)
(ft)
(ft/sec)
(ft)
(ft/sec)
(ft)
(ft/sec)
(ft)
2.099
7.577
16.056
27.354
41.352
57.961
77.112
98.747
122.817
149.280
178.099
209.241
242.675
278.376
316.317

1.056
2.112
3.168
4.223
5.279
6.335
7.391
8.447
9.503
10.559
11.615
12.670
13.726
14.782
15.838

0.017
0.069
0.156
0.277
0.433
0.624
0.849
1.109
1.404
1.733
2.097
2.495
2.928
3.396
3.899

0.534
1.929
4.087
6.962
10.525
14.753
19.628
25.134
31.261
37.997
45.332
53.259
61.769
70.856
80.513
90.735
101.517
112.852
124.738
137.168
150.140
163.649
177.691
192.263
207.363
222.985
239.128
255.789
272.965
290.652

0.602
1.203
1.805
2.407
3.008
3.610
4.211
4.813
5.415
6.016
6.618
7.220
7.821
8.423
9.025
9.626
10.228
10.829
11.431
12.033
12.634
13.236
13.838
14.439
15.041
15.643
16.244
16.846
17.448
18.049

0.006
0.023
0.051
0.090
0.141
0.203
0.276
0.360
0.456
0.563
0.681
0.810
0.951
1.103
1.266
1.440
1.626
1.823
2.031
2.250
2.481
2.723
2.976
3.241
3.516
3.803
4.101
4.411
4.731
5.063

Note: Suction Velocities should not exceed 8 feet per second.

0.165
0.596
1.263
2.151
3.252
4.558
6.064
7.765
9.657
11.738
14.004
16.453
19.082
21.889
24.873
28.031
31.362
34.863
38.535
42.375
46.383
50.556
54.894
59.396
64.061
68.887
73.874
79.021
84.327
89.791
101.191
113.215
125.857
139.112
152.975
167.442
182.507
198.168
214.420
231.259
275.904
324.147
375.943
431.249
490.027
552.241
617.860
686.852
759.190
834.846

0.371
0.742
1.114
1.485
1.856
2.227
2.599
2.970
3.341
3.712
4.083
4.455
4.826
5.197
5.568
5.940
6.311
6.682
7.053
7.425
7.796
8.167
8.538
8.909
9.281
9.652
10.023
10.394
10.766
11.137
11.879
12.622
13.364
14.107
14.849
15.592
16.334
17.076
17.819
18.561
20.417
22.274
24.130
25.986
27.842
29.698
31.554
33.410
35.267
37.123

0.002
0.009
0.019
0.034
0.054
0.077
0.105
0.137
0.173
0.214
0.259
0.308
0.362
0.420
0.482
0.548
0.619
0.694
0.773
0.857
0.945
1.037
1.133
1.234
1.339
1.448
1.561
1.679
1.801
1.928
2.193
2.476
2.776
3.093
3.427
3.778
4.147
4.532
4.935
5.355
6.479
7.711
9.049
10.495
12.048
13.708
15.475
17.349
19.331
21.419

0.043
0.157
0.332
0.566
0.856
1.200
1.597
2.045
2.543
3.091
3.688
4.333
5.025
5.764
6.550
7.381
8.258
9.181
10.148
11.159
12.214
13.313
14.455
15.641
16.869
18.140
19.453
20.809
22.206
23.645
26.647
29.813
33.142
36.633
40.283
44.093
48.060
52.184
56.463
60.898
72.654
85.358
98.997
113.561
129.039
145.422
162.701
180.869
199.918
219.840
262.281
308.142
357.380
409.955
465.831

0.215
0.429
0.644
0.858
1.073
1.287
1.502
1.716
1.931
2.145
2.360
2.574
2.789
3.003
3.218
3.432
3.647
3.861
4.076
4.290
4.505
4.719
4.934
5.148
5.363
5.577
5.792
6.006
6.221
6.435
6.864
7.293
7.722
8.151
8.580
9.009
9.438
9.867
10.296
10.725
11.798
12.870
13.943
15.015
16.088
17.160
18.233
19.305
20.378
21.450
23.595
25.740
27.885
30.030
32.175

0.001
0.003
0.006
0.011
0.018
0.026
0.035
0.046
0.058
0.072
0.087
0.103
0.121
0.140
0.161
0.183
0.207
0.232
0.258
0.286
0.315
0.346
0.378
0.412
0.447
0.483
0.521
0.561
0.601
0.644
0.732
0.827
0.927
1.033
1.144
1.261
1.384
1.513
1.648
1.788
2.163
2.574
3.021
3.504
4.023
4.577
5.167
5.793
6.454
7.151
8.653
10.298
12.086
14.016
16.090

0.021
0.074
0.157
0.268
0.404
0.567
0.754
0.966
1.201
1.460
1.742
2.047
2.374
2.723
3.094
3.487
3.901
4.337
4.793
5.271
5.769
6.288
6.828
7.388
7.968
8.569
9.189
9.829
10.489
11.169
12.587
14.082
15.655
17.304
19.028
20.827
22.701
24.649
26.671
28.765
34.319
40.319
46.762
53.641
60.952
68.691
76.853
85.435
94.433
103.843
123.890
145.553
168.811
193.645
220.039
247.975
277.440
308.420
340.902
374.874

0.158
0.315
0.473
0.630
0.788
0.946
1.103
1.261
1.418
1.576
1.734
1.891
2.049
2.206
2.364
2.521
2.679
2.837
2.994
3.152
3.309
3.467
3.625
3.782
3.940
4.097
4.255
4.413
4.570
4.728
5.043
5.358
5.673
5.989
6.304
6.619
6.934
7.249
7.564
7.880
8.668
9.456
10.244
11.032
11.820
12.607
13.395
14.183
14.971
15.759
17.335
18.911
20.487
22.063
23.639
25.215
26.791
28.367
29.943
31.519

0.000
0.002
0.003
0.006
0.001
0.014
0.019
0.025
0.031
0.039
0.047
0.056
0.065
0.076
0.087
0.099
0.112
0.125
0.139
0.154
0.170
0.187
0.204
0.222
0.241
0.261
0.281
0.303
0.325
0.347
0.395
0.446
0.500
0.557
0.618
0.681
0.747
0.817
0.889
0.965
1.168
1.390
1.631
1.891
2.171
2.470
2.789
3.127
3.484
3.860
4.671
5.559
6.524
7.566
8.685
9.882
11.156
12.507
13.935
15.440

Friction Loss
Friction Loss - Water in Feet per 100 feet of Steel Pipe
GPM

Pipe Size 2

Pipe Size 2-1/2

Pipe Size 3

Pipe Size 3-1/2

Actual size 2.067

Actual size 2.469

Actual size 3.068

Actual size 3.548

Friction
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
240
260
280
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500

0.022
0.047
0.079
0.120
0.168
0.224
0.286
0.356
0.433
0.516
0.607
0.704
0.807
0.917
1.034
1.157
1.286
1.421
1.563
1.711
1.865
2.025
2.191
2.363
2.541
2.724
2.914
3.110
3.312
3.732
4.175
4.642
5.130
5.642
6.175
6.731
7.308
7.908
8.529
10.175
11.955
13.865
15.905
18.072
20.367
22.787
25.331
27.999
30.789
36.733
43.156
50.052
57.416
65.241
73.524
82.261
91.446
101.077
111.150
132.607
155.794
180.689
207.270
235.521
313.339
401.250

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)
0.191
0.287
0.383
0.478
0.574
0.670
0.765
0.861
0.957
1.052
1.148
1.244
1.339
1.435
1.531
1.626
1.722
1.818
1.913
2.009
2.105
2.200
2.296
2.391
2.487
2.583
2.678
2.774
2.870
3.061
3.252
3.444
3.635
3.826
4.018
4.209
4.400
4.592
4.783
5.261
5.740
6.218
6.696
7.174
7.653
8.131
8.609
9.088
9.566
10.523
11.479
12.436
13.392
14.349
15.306
16.262
17.219
18.175
19.132
21.045
22.958
24.872
26.785
28.698
33.481
38.264

0.001
0.001
0.002
0.004
0.005
0.007
0.009
0.012
0.014
0.017
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.032
0.036
0.041
0.046
0.051
0.057
0.063
0.069
0.075
0.082
0.089
0.096
0.104
0.112
0.120
0.128
0.146
0.164
0.184
0.205
0.228
0.251
0.275
0.301
0.328
0.356
0.430
0.512
0.601
0.697
0.800
0.910
1.028
1.152
1.284
1.422
1.721
2.048
2.404
2.788
3.200
3.641
4.110
4.608
5.134
5.689
6.884
8.192
9.614
11.150
12.800
17.423
22.756

0.020
0.033
0.051
0.071
0.094
0.121
0.150
0.182
0.218
0.256
0.296
0.340
0.386
0.435
0.487
0.542
0.599
0.658
0.720
0.785
0.853
0.923
0.995
1.070
1.148
1.227
1.310
1.395
1.572
1.759
1.955
2.161
2.376
2.601
2.835
3.078
3.331
3.592
4.286
5.035
5.840
6.699
7.612
8.578
9.598
10.669
11.793
12.968
15.472
18.177
21.081
24.183
27.479
30.968
34.647
38.516
42.573
46.815
55.853
65.619
76.104
87.300
99.199
131.975
169.002
210.197
255.488
304.810
358.108

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)
0.201
0.268
0.335
0.402
0.469
0.536
0.603
0.670
0.737
0.804
0.871
0.938
1.005
1.072
1.139
1.206
1.273
1.340
1.407
1.474
1.541
1.608
1.675
1.742
1.809
1.876
1.943
2.010
2.144
2.278
2.412
2.546
2.680
2.814
2.948
3.083
3.217
3.351
3.686
4.021
4.356
4.691
5.026
5.361
5.696
6.031
6.366
6.701
7.371
8.041
8.711
9.382
10.052
10.722
11.392
12.062
12.732
13.402
14.742
16.083
17.423
18.763
20.103
23.454
26.805
30.155
33.506
36.856
40.207

Note: Suction Velocities should not exceed 8 feet per second.

0.001
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.020
0.023
0.025
0.028
0.031
0.034
0.037
0.040
0.044
0.047
0.051
0.055
0.059
0.063
0.071
0.081
0.090
0.101
0.112
0.123
0.135
0.148
0.161
0.174
0.211
0.251
0.295
0.342
0.393
0.447
0.504
0.565
0.630
0.698
0.845
1.005
1.180
1.368
1.570
1.787
2.017
2.261
2.520
2.792
3.378
4.020
4.718
5.472
6.281
8.550
11.167
14.133
17.448
21.113
25.126

0.018
0.025
0.033
0.042
0.052
0.063
0.076
0.089
0.103
0.118
0.134
0.151
0.169
0.188
0.208
0.229
0.250
0.273
0.296
0.321
0.346
0.372
0.399
0.427
0.455
0.485
0.546
0.611
0.679
0.751
0.826
0.904
0.985
1.070
1.158
1.248
1.490
1.750
2.030
2.328
2.646
2.981
3.336
3.708
4.099
4.507
5.377
6.317
7.327
8.405
9.550
10.763
12.042
13.386
14.796
16.271
19.412
22.806
26.450
30.341
34.476
45.868
58.737
73.054
88.795
105.937
124.460
144.348
165.583
188.152
212.040
237.235
263.725
291.500
320.549

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)
0.217
0.260
0.304
0.347
0.391
0.434
0.477
0.521
0.564
0.608
0.651
0.694
0.738
0.781
0.825
0.868
0.911
0.955
0.998
1.042
1.085
1.128
1.172
1.215
1.259
1.302
1.389
1.476
1.562
1.649
1.736
1.823
1.910
1.996
2.083
2.170
2.387
2.604
2.821
3.038
3.255
3.472
3.689
3.906
4.123
4.340
4.774
5.208
5.642
6.076
6.510
6.944
7.378
7.812
8.246
8.680
9.548
10.416
11.284
12.152
13.020
15.190
17.360
19.530
21.699
23.869
26.039
28.209
30.379
32.549
34.719
36.889
39.059
41.229
43.399

0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.017
0.018
0.020
0.021
0.023
0.025
0.026
0.030
0.034
0.038
0.042
0.047
0.052
0.057
0.062
0.067
0.073
0.089
0.105
0.124
0.143
0.165
0.187
0.212
0.237
0.264
0.293
0.354
0.422
0.495
0.574
0.659
0.749
0.846
0.948
1.057
1.171
1.417
1.686
1.979
2.295
2.635
3.586
4.684
5.928
7.318
8.855
10.539
12.368
14.344
16.466
18.735
21.150
23.712
26.420
29.274

0.009
0.012
0.016
0.021
0.026
0.031
0.037
0.044
0.051
0.058
0.066
0.075
0.083
0.093
0.103
0.113
0.123
0.135
0.146
0.158
0.171
0.183
0.197
0.210
0.224
0.239
0.269
0.301
0.335
0.370
0.407
0.446
0.486
0.527
0.571
0.616
0.734
0.863
1.001
1.148
1.304
1.470
1.644
1.828
2.021
2.222
2.651
3.114
3.612
4.144
4.708
5.306
5.937
6.599
7.295
8.021
9.570
11.243
13.040
14.958
16.997
22.613
28.957
36.016
43.776
52.227
61.359
71.164
81.633
92.759
104.536
116.957
130.017
143.710
158.032
188.540
221.507
256.902
294.695
334.861

Vel
Vel Head
(ft/sec)
(ft)
0.162
0.195
0.227
0.260
0.292
0.325
0.357
0.389
0.422
0.454
0.487
0.519
0.552
0.584
0.617
0.649
0.681
0.714
0.746
0.779
0.811
0.844
0.876
0.909
0.941
0.974
1.038
1.103
1.168
1.233
1.298
1.363
1.428
1.493
1.558
1.623
1.785
1.947
2.109
2.272
2.434
2.596
2.758
2.921
3.083
3.245
3.570
3.894
4.219
4.543
4.868
5.192
5.517
5.841
6.166
6.490
7.139
7.788
8.437
9.086
9.735
11.358
12.980
14.603
16.225
17.848
19.470
21.093
22.715
24.338
25.960
27.583
29.206
30.828
32.451
35.696
38.941
42.186
45.431
48.676

0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.017
0.019
0.021
0.024
0.026
0.029
0.032
0.035
0.038
0.041
0.050
0.059
0.069
0.080
0.092
0.105
0.118
0.133
0.148
0.164
0.198
0.236
0.277
0.321
0.368
0.419
0.473
0.530
0.591
0.655
0.792
0.943
1.106
1.283
1.473
2.005
2.619
3.314
4.092
4.951
5.892
6.915
8.020
9.206
10.475
11.825
13.257
14.771
16.367
19.804
23.568
27.660
32.079
36.825

Friction Loss
Friction Loss - Water in Feet per 100 feet of Steel Pipe
GPM

Pipe Size 4

Pipe Size 5

Pipe Size 6

Actual size 4.026

Actual size 5.047

Actual size 6.065

Friction
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
240
260
280
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600

0.061
0.067
0.073
0.079
0.085
0.092
0.099
0.106
0.114
0.121
0.129
0.146
0.163
0.181
0.200
0.220
0.241
0.263
0.285
0.309
0.333
0.397
0.466
0.541
0.621
0.705
0.795
0.889
0.988
1.092
1.201
1.433
1.684
1.953
2.240
2.546
2.869
3.210
3.568
3.944
4.337
5.174
6.079
7.050
8.087
9.190
12.226
15.656
19.473
23.668
28.238
33.175
38.476
44.136
50.152
56.520
63.235
70.296
77.700
85.443

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)
0.504
0.529
0.554
0.580
0.605
0.630
0.655
0.680
0.706
0.731
0.756
0.806
0.857
0.907
0.958
1.008
1.059
1.109
1.159
1.210
1.260
1.386
1.512
1.638
1.764
1.890
2.016
2.142
2.268
2.394
2.520
2.772
3.024
3.276
3.528
3.780
4.032
4.284
4.536
4.788
5.040
5.545
6.049
6.553
7.057
7.561
8.821
10.081
11.341
12.601
13.861
15.121
16.382
17.642
18.902
20.162
21.422
22.682
23.942
25.202

0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.013
0.014
0.016
0.017
0.019
0.021
0.023
0.025
0.030
0.036
0.042
0.048
0.056
0.063
0.071
0.080
0.089
0.099
0.119
0.142
0.167
0.193
0.222
0.253
0.285
0.320
0.356
0.395
0.478
0.569
0.667
0.774
0.888
1.209
1.580
1.999
2.468
2.986
3.554
4.171
4.837
5.553
6.318
7.132
7.996
8.909
9.872

0.073
0.080
0.087
0.095
0.103
0.111
0.132
0.155
0.180
0.207
0.235
0.265
0.296
0.329
0.364
0.400
0.477
0.561
0.650
0.746
0.848
0.955
1.069
1.188
1.313
1.444
1.723
2.024
2.348
2.693
3.060
4.071
5.213
6.484
7.881
9.402
11.046
12.811
14.696
16.699
18.819
21.055
23.407
25.872
28.450
33.942
39.877
46.249
53.053
60.284
67.938

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)

0.641
0.674
0.706
0.738
0.770
0.802
0.882
0.962
1.042
1.123
1.203
1.283
1.363
1.443
1.524
1.604
1.764
1.924
2.085
2.245
2.406
2.566
2.726
2.887
3.047
3.207
3.528
3.849
4.170
4.490
4.811
5.613
6.415
7.217
8.019
8.820
9.622
10.424
11.226
12.028
12.830
13.631
14.433
15.235
16.037
17.641
19.244
20.848
22.452
24.056
25.659

Note: Suction Velocities should not exceed 8 feet per second.

0.006
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.001
0.012
0.014
0.017
0.020
0.022
0.026
0.029
0.032
0.036
0.040
0.048
0.058
0.068
0.078
0.090
0.102
0.116
0.130
0.144
0.160
0.193
0.230
0.270
0.313
0.360
0.490
0.640
0.809
0.999
1.209
1.439
1.689
1.959
2.248
2.558
2.888
3.238
3.608
3.997
4.837
5.756
6.755
7.835
8.994
10.233

0.164
0.195
0.229
0.266
0.305
0.347
0.391
0.437
0.486
0.537
0.591
0.705
0.828
0.960
1.101
1.252
1.665
2.132
2.652
3.223
3.846
4.518
5.240
6.011
6.830
7.697
8.612
9.574
10.582
11.637
13.883
16.311
18.917
21.700
24.657
27.788

Vel
Vel Head
(ft/sec)
(ft)

1.111
1.222
1.333
1.444
1.555
1.666
1.777
1.888
1.999
2.110
2.221
2.443
2.665
2.887
3.109
3.332
3.887
4.442
4.997
5.553
6.108
6.663
7.218
7.774
8.329
8.884
9.439
9.995
10.550
11.105
12.216
13.326
14.437
15.547
16.658
17.768

0.019
0.023
0.028
0.032
0.038
0.043
0.049
0.055
0.062
0.069
0.077
0.093
0.110
0.130
0.150
0.173
0.235
0.307
0.388
0.479
0.580
0.690
0.810
0.939
1.078
1.227
1.385
1.553
1.730
1.917
2.319
2.760
3.239
3.757
4.313
4.907

Friction Loss
Friction Loss - Water in Feet per 100 feet of Steel Pipe
GPM

Pipe Size 8

Pipe Size 10

Pipe Size 12

Pipe Size 14

Actual size 7.981

Actual size 10.02

Actual size 12

Actual size 13.25

Friction
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
240
260
280
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000

0.070
0.080
0.091
0.103
0.115
0.128
0.141
0.155
0.185
0.218
0.252
0.290
0.329
0.438
0.561
0.697
0.848
1.011
1.188
1.378
1.581
1.796
2.024
2.265
2.518
2.783
3.060
3.651
4.289
4.975
5.706
6.484
7.307
8.176
9.089
10.046
11.047
12.091
13.179
14.310
15.484
16.700
17.958
19.258
20.600
21.983
23.408
24.873
26.380
27.927
29.514
31.142
32.810
34.517
36.265
38.052
39.879
41.745
43.650
45.595
47.578
49.600
51.660
53.759
55.897
58.073
60.287
71.925

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)
0.834
0.898
0.962
1.026
1.090
1.154
1.219
1.283
1.411
1.539
1.667
1.796
1.924
2.245
2.565
2.886
3.207
3.527
3.848
4.169
4.489
4.810
5.131
5.451
5.772
6.093
6.413
7.055
7.696
8.337
8.978
9.620
10.261
10.902
11.544
12.185
12.826
13.468
14.109
14.750
15.392
16.033
16.674
17.316
17.957
18.598
19.240
19.881
20.522
21.164
21.805
22.446
23.088
23.729
24.370
25.012
25.653
26.294
26.935
27.577
28.218
28.859
29.501
30.142
30.783
31.425
32.066
35.273

0.011
0.013
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.021
0.023
0.026
0.031
0.037
0.043
0.050
0.058
0.078
0.102
0.129
0.160
0.193
0.230
0.270
0.313
0.360
0.409
0.462
0.518
0.577
0.639
0.773
0.921
1.080
1.253
1.438
1.636
1.847
2.071
2.308
2.557
2.819
3.094
3.382
3.682
3.995
4.321
4.660
5.012
5.376
5.753
6.143
6.546
6.961
7.390
7.831
8.285
8.751
9.231
9.723
10.228
10.746
11.276
11.820
12.376
12.945
13.526
14.121
14.728
15.348
15.981
19.337

0.042
0.047
0.051
0.061
0.072
0.083
0.096
0.109
0.145
0.185
0.231
0.280
0.334
0.393
0.455
0.523
0.594
0.669
0.749
0.832
0.920
1.012
1.207
1.418
1.644
1.886
2.143
2.415
2.702
3.004
3.321
3.652
3.997
4.356
4.730
5.118
5.520
5.936
6.366
6.809
7.267
7.737
8.222
8.720
9.231
9.756
10.294
10.845
11.410
11.987
12.578
13.182
13.799
14.429
15.071
15.727
16.395
17.076
17.770
18.477
19.196
19.928
23.775
27.932
32.395
37.161
42.226

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)

0.732
0.773
0.814
0.895
0.976
1.058
1.139
1.221
1.424
1.627
1.831
2.034
2.238
2.441
2.645
2.848
3.052
3.255
3.458
3.662
3.865
4.069
4.476
4.882
5.289
5.696
6.103
6.510
6.917
7.324
7.731
8.137
8.544
8.951
9.358
9.765
10.172
10.579
10.985
11.392
11.799
12.206
12.613
13.020
13.427
13.834
14.240
14.647
15.054
15.461
15.868
16.275
16.682
17.088
17.495
17.902
18.309
18.716
19.123
19.530
19.937
20.343
22.378
24.412
26.446
28.481
30.515

0.008
0.009
0.010
0.012
0.015
0.017
0.020
0.023
0.032
0.041
0.052
0.064
0.078
0.093
0.109
0.126
0.145
0.165
0.186
0.208
0.232
0.257
0.311
0.371
0.435
0.504
0.579
0.659
0.744
0.834
0.929
1.029
1.135
1.245
1.361
1.482
1.608
1.739
1.876
2.017
2.164
2.316
2.473
2.635
2.802
2.974
3.152
3.335
3.522
3.715
3.913
4.117
4.325
4.539
4.757
4.981
5.210
5.444
5.684
5.928
6.178
6.432
7.783
9.263
10.871
12.607
14.479

0.021
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.060
0.077
0.096
0.117
0.139
0.163
0.189
0.217
0.247
0.278
0.311
0.346
0.383
0.421
0.502
0.590
0.684
0.784
0.891
1.005
1.124
1.249
1.381
1.519
1.662
1.812
1.967
2.129
2.296
2.469
2.647
2.832
3.022
3.218
3.419
3.626
3.839
4.057
4.281
4.510
4.745
4.985
5.231
5.482
5.739
6.001
6.268
6.540
6.818
7.102
7.390
7.684
7.983
8.288
9.887
11.616
13.473
15.454
17.561
19.790

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)

0.567
0.624
0.681
0.738
0.794
0.851
0.993
1.135
1.277
1.418
1.560
1.702
1.844
1.986
2.128
2.269
2.411
2.553
2.695
2.837
3.120
3.404
3.688
3.972
4.255
4.539
4.823
5.106
5.390
5.674
5.957
6.241
6.525
6.808
7.092
7.376
7.659
7.943
8.227
8.510
8.794
9.078
9.361
9.645
9.929
10.212
10.496
10.780
11.063
11.347
11.631
11.915
12.198
12.482
12.766
13.049
13.333
13.617
13.900
14.184
15.602
17.021
18.439
19.858
21.276
22.694

0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.001
0.011
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.031
0.038
0.045
0.053
0.061
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.101
0.113
0.125
0.151
0.180
0.211
0.245
0.281
0.320
0.361
0.405
0.452
0.500
0.552
0.605
0.662
0.720
0.782
0.846
0.912
0.981
1.052
1.126
1.202
1.281
1.362
1.446
1.532
1.621
1.712
1.806
1.902
2.001
2.103
2.206
2.313
2.421
2.533
2.647
2.763
2.882
3.003
3.127
3.784
4.503
5.284
6.129
7.036
8.005

0.028
0.037
0.048
0.059
0.072
0.086
0.101
0.117
0.134
0.152
0.172
0.192
0.214
0.236
0.260
0.310
0.364
0.422
0.484
0.550
0.620
0.694
0.771
0.853
0.938
1.026
1.119
1.215
1.314
1.418
1.524
1.635
1.749
1.866
1.987
2.111
2.239
2.370
2.505
2.643
2.785
2.930
3.078
3.230
3.385
3.543
3.705
3.870
4.039
4.210
4.385
4.563
4.745
4.929
5.117
6.105
7.173
8.319
9.543
10.843
12.220

Vel
Vel Head
(ft/sec)
(ft)

0.698
0.814
0.931
1.047
1.163
1.280
1.396
1.512
1.629
1.745
1.861
1.978
2.094
2.210
2.327
2.559
2.792
3.025
3.258
3.490
3.723
3.956
4.188
4.421
4.654
4.886
5.119
5.352
5.584
5.817
6.050
6.282
6.515
6.748
6.980
7.213
7.446
7.678
7.911
8.144
8.376
8.609
8.842
9.075
9.307
9.540
9.773
10.005
10.238
10.471
10.703
10.936
11.169
11.401
11.634
12.797
13.961
15.124
16.288
17.451
18.614

0.008
0.010
0.013
0.017
0.021
0.025
0.030
0.036
0.041
0.047
0.054
0.061
0.068
0.076
0.084
0.102
0.121
0.142
0.165
0.189
0.215
0.243
0.273
0.304
0.337
0.371
0.407
0.445
0.485
0.526
0.569
0.613
0.660
0.708
0.757
0.809
0.862
0.916
0.973
1.031
1.091
1.152
1.215
1.280
1.346
1.415
1.484
1.556
1.629
1.704
1.781
1.859
1.939
2.020
2.104
2.545
3.029
3.555
4.123
4.733
5.385

Note: Suction Velocities should not exceed 8 feet per second.

Friction Loss
Friction Loss - Water in Feet per 100 feet of Steel Pipe
GPM

Pipe Size 16

Pipe Size 18

Pipe Size 20

Actual size 16

Actual size 17.18

Actual size 19.18

Friction

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)

500
0.029
0.798
0.001
0.020
0.692
550
0.034
0.878
0.012
0.024
0.761
600
0.040
0.957
0.014
0.028
0.830
650
0.047
1.037
0.017
0.033
0.900
700
0.054
1.117
0.019
0.038
0.969
750
0.061
1.197
0.022
0.043
1.038
800
0.069
1.277
0.025
0.049
1.107
850
0.077
1.356
0.029
0.054
1.176
900
0.085
1.436
0.032
0.060
1.246
950
0.094
1.516
0.036
0.067
1.315
1000
0.104
1.596
0.040
0.073
1.384
1100
0.124
1.755
0.048
0.088
1.522
1200
0.145
1.915
0.057
0.103
1.661
1300
0.169
2.074
0.067
0.119
1.799
1400
0.193
2.234
0.078
0.137
1.938
1500
0.220
2.394
0.089
0.156
2.076
1600
0.248
2.553
0.101
0.175
2.214
1700
0.277
2.713
0.114
0.196
2.353
1800
0.308
2.872
0.128
0.218
2.491
1900
0.341
3.032
0.143
0.241
2.630
2000
0.375
3.191
0.158
0.265
2.768
2100
0.410
3.351
0.175
0.290
2.906
2200
0.447
3.511
0.192
0.316
3.045
2300
0.485
3.670
0.209
0.343
3.183
2400
0.525
3.830
0.228
0.371
3.322
2500
0.566
3.989
0.247
0.401
3.460
2600
0.609
4.149
0.268
0.431
3.598
2700
0.653
4.308
0.289
0.462
3.737
2800
0.699
4.468
0.310
0.494
3.875
2900
0.745
4.628
0.333
0.527
4.014
3000
0.794
4.787
0.356
0.561
4.152
3100
0.843
4.947
0.380
0.597
4.290
3200
0.895
5.106
0.405
0.633
4.429
3300
0.947
5.266
0.431
0.670
4.567
3400
1.001
5.425
0.457
0.708
4.706
3500
1.056
5.585
0.485
0.747
4.844
3600
1.113
5.745
0.513
0.787
4.982
3700
1.170
5.904
0.542
0.828
5.121
3800
1.230
6.064
0.571
0.870
5.259
3900
1.290
6.223
0.602
0.913
5.398
4000
1.352
6.383
0.633
0.957
5.536
4100
1.416
6.542
0.665
1.001
5.674
4200
1.480
6.702
0.698
1.047
5.813
4300
1.546
6.861
0.732
1.094
5.951
4400
1.613
7.021
0.766
1.141
6.090
4500
1.682
7.181
0.801
1.190
6.228
4600
1.752
7.340
0.837
1.239
6.367
4700
1.823
7.500
0.874
1.289
6.505
4800
1.895
7.659
0.912
1.341
6.643
4900
1.969
7.819
0.950
1.393
6.782
5000
2.044
7.978
0.989
1.446
6.920
5500
2.439
8.776
1.197
1.725
7.612
6000
2.865
9.574
1.425
2.027
8.304
6500
3.323
10.372
1.672
2.351
8.996
7000
3.812
11.170
1.939
2.697
9.688
7500
4.332
11.968
2.226
3.064
10.380
8000
4.882
12.766
2.533
3.453
11.072
Note: Suction Velocities should not exceed 8 feet per second.

0.007
0.009
0.011
0.013
0.015
0.017
0.019
0.022
0.024
0.027
0.030
0.036
0.043
0.050
0.058
0.067
0.076
0.086
0.096
0.107
0.119
0.131
0.144
0.157
0.171
0.186
0.201
0.217
0.233
0.250
0.268
0.286
0.305
0.324
0.344
0.365
0.386
0.408
0.430
0.453
0.476
0.500
0.525
0.550
0.576
0.603
0.630
0.658
0.686
0.715
0.744
0.901
1.072
1.258
1.459
1.675
1.905

0.012
0.014
0.017
0.019
0.022
0.025
0.028
0.032
0.035
0.039
0.043
0.051
0.060
0.070
0.080
0.091
0.103
0.115
0.128
0.141
0.155
0.170
0.185
0.201
0.217
0.234
0.252
0.270
0.289
0.309
0.329
0.349
0.370
0.392
0.414
0.437
0.461
0.485
0.509
0.534
0.560
0.586
0.613
0.640
0.668
0.696
0.725
0.755
0.785
0.815
0.846
1.001
1.186
1.376
1.578
1.793
2.021

Vel
Vel Head
(ft/sec)
(ft)
0.555
0.611
0.666
0.722
0.777
0.833
0.888
0.944
0.999
1.055
1.110
1.221
1.333
1.444
1.555
1.666
1.777
1.888
1.999
2.110
2.221
2.332
2.443
2.554
2.665
2.776
2.887
2.998
3.109
3.220
3.331
3.442
3.553
3.664
3.775
3.887
3.998
4.109
4.220
4.331
4.442
4.553
4.664
4.775
4.886
4.997
5.108
5.219
5.330
5.441
5.552
6.107
6.663
7.218
7.773
8.328
8.883

0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.017
0.019
0.023
0.028
0.032
0.038
0.043
0.049
0.055
0.062
0.069
0.077
0.085
0.093
0.101
0.110
0.120
0.130
0.140
0.150
0.161
0.172
0.184
0.196
0.209
0.222
0.235
0.248
0.262
0.277
0.291
0.307
0.322
0.338
0.354
0.371
0.388
0.406
0.423
0.442
0.460
0.479
0.580
0.690
0.810
0.939
1.078
1.227

Friction Loss
Friction Loss - Water in Feet per 100 feet of Steel Pipe
GPM

Pipe Size 24

Pipe Size 30

Pipe Size 36

Actual size 24

Actual size 30

Actual size 36

Friction

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)

Vel
Vel Head
Friction
(ft/sec)
(ft)

350
0.002
0.248
0.000
400
0.003
0.284
0.001
450
0.003
0.319
0.002
500
0.004
0.355
0.002
550
0.005
0.390
0.002
600
0.006
0.426
0.003
650
0.006
0.461
0.003
700
0.007
0.496
0.004
0.003
0.318
750
0.008
0.532
0.004
0.003
0.340
800
0.001
0.567
0.005
0.003
0.363
850
0.011
0.603
0.006
0.004
0.386
900
0.012
0.638
0.006
0.004
0.408
950
0.013
0.674
0.007
0.004
0.431
1000
0.014
0.709
0.008
0.005
0.454
1100
0.017
0.780
0.009
0.006
0.499
1200
0.020
0.851
0.011
0.007
0.545
1300
0.023
0.922
0.013
0.008
0.590
1400
0.027
0.993
0.015
0.009
0.635
1500
0.031
1.064
0.018
0.010
0.681
1600
0.034
1.135
0.020
0.012
0.726
1700
0.039
1.206
0.023
0.013
0.772
1800
0.043
1.277
0.025
0.014
0.817
1900
0.047
1.347
0.028
0.016
0.862
2000
0.052
1.418
0.031
0.018
0.908
2100
0.057
1.489
0.034
0.019
0.953
2200
0.062
1.560
0.038
0.021
0.999
2300
0.067
1.631
0.041
0.023
1.044
2400
0.073
1.702
0.045
0.025
1.089
2500
0.079
1.773
0.049
0.027
1.135
2600
0.085
1.844
0.053
0.029
1.180
2700
0.091
1.915
0.057
0.031
1.225
2800
0.097
1.986
0.061
0.033
1.271
2900
0.104
2.057
0.066
0.035
1.316
3000
0.110
2.128
0.070
0.037
1.362
3100
0.117
2.199
0.075
0.040
1.407
3200
0.124
2.269
0.080
0.042
1.452
3300
0.132
2.340
0.085
0.044
1.498
3400
0.139
2.411
0.090
0.047
1.543
3500
0.147
2.482
0.096
0.050
1.589
3600
0.155
2.553
0.101
0.052
1.634
3700
0.163
2.624
0.107
0.055
1.679
3800
0.171
2.695
0.113
0.058
1.725
3900
0.179
2.766
0.119
0.061
1.770
4000
0.188
2.837
0.125
0.063
1.816
4100
0.197
2.908
0.131
0.066
1.861
4200
0.206
2.979
0.138
0.070
1.906
4300
0.215
3.050
0.145
0.073
1.952
4400
0.224
3.120
0.151
0.076
1.997
4500
0.234
3.191
0.158
0.079
2.042
4600
0.244
3.262
0.165
0.082
2.088
4700
0.254
3.333
0.173
0.086
2.133
4800
0.264
3.404
0.180
0.089
2.179
4900
0.274
3.475
0.188
0.092
2.224
5000
0.284
3.546
0.195
0.096
2.269
5500
0.339
3.901
0.236
0.115
2.496
6000
0.398
4.255
0.281
0.135
2.723
6500
0.462
4.610
0.330
0.156
2.950
7000
0.530
4.964
0.383
0.179
3.177
7500
0.602
5.319
0.440
0.203
3.404
8000
0.679
5.674
0.500
0.229
3.631
Note: Suction Velocities should not exceed 8 feet per second.

0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.017
0.018
0.020
0.022
0.023
0.025
0.027
0.029
0.031
0.033
0.035
0.037
0.039
0.041
0.044
0.046
0.049
0.051
0.054
0.056
0.059
0.062
0.065
0.068
0.071
0.074
0.077
0.080
0.097
0.115
0.135
0.157
0.180
0.205

0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.018
0.019
0.020
0.022
0.023
0.024
0.025
0.026
0.027
0.029
0.030
0.031
0.033
0.034
0.035
0.037
0.038
0.040
0.047
0.055
0.064
0.074
0.084
0.094

Vel
Vel Head
(ft/sec)
(ft)

0.441
0.473
0.504
0.536
0.567
0.599
0.630
0.662
0.693
0.725
0.756
0.788
0.820
0.851
0.883
0.914
0.946
0.977
1.009
1.040
1.072
1.103
1.135
1.166
1.198
1.229
1.261
1.292
1.324
1.355
1.387
1.418
1.450
1.481
1.513
1.544
1.576
1.734
1.891
2.049
2.206
2.364
2.522

0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.001
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.018
0.019
0.020
0.021
0.022
0.023
0.025
0.026
0.027
0.029
0.030
0.031
0.033
0.034
0.036
0.037
0.039
0.047
0.056
0.065
0.076
0.087
0.099

Friction Loss
Smooth Bore Hose
Flow of
Water in
GPM
1
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
1000

Head Loss (ft / 100ft)

Actual Inside Diameter in Inches
1/2

3/4

3.257
11.758 1.640
63.987 8.894
231 32.109
67.914
115.5
174.636
244.86
325.71

2.195
7.900
16.724
28.413
42.966
60.291
80.157
102.564
127.743
155.001
217.371
288.75

1 1/4 1 1/2

0.739 0.300
2.657 1.086
5.636 2.31
9.610 3.950
14.507 5.983
20.328 8.362
27.027 11.134
34.65 14.253
42.966 17.718
52.437 21.529
73.227 30.261
97.482 40.194
124.74 51.282
155.232 63.987
188.727 77.616
284.13 117.348
164.241
218.526
279.51

0.277
0.578
0.970
1.478
2.056
2.749
3.511
4.366
5.313
7.438
9.887
12.659
15.731
19.127
28.875
40.425
53.823
68.838
85.701
104.181
124.278
145.992
194.04
249.48

Note: These tables show the friction loss in water hose in

pounds per square in. per 100 feet length, for straight,
smooth bore hose.

10

2 1/2

0.185
0.323
0.485
0.693
0.924
1.178
1.478
1.779
2.518
3.326
4.274
5.313
6.445
9.748
13.65
18.16
23.33
28.88
35.11
41.81
49.2
65.37
83.85
104.2
126.6
177.4
235.6
302.6

Flow of
Water in
GPM
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2500
3000

Head Loss (ft / 100ft)

Actual Inside Diameter in Inches
3
0.277
0.370
0.485
0.601
0.739
1.040
1.363
1.756
2.195
2.657
4.019
5.613
7.484
9.563
11.897
14.461
17.256
20.259
27.027
34.419
42.966
52.206
72.996
97.251
124.278
188.034
263.34
351.12

0.531
0.647
0.993
1.386
1.848
2.356
2.934
3.557
4.250
4.990
6.630
8.501
10.557
12.844
17.995
24.024
30.723
46.2
64.911
86.163
110.418
137.445
166.782

10

12

0.462
0.624
0.993
0.993
1.201
1.432
1.686
2.241
2.864
3.557
4.343
6.075
8.062
10.326
15.616
21.876
29.106
37.191
46.2
56.364
85.008
119.196

0.693
0.924
1.178
1.478
1.779
2.495
3.326
4.250
6.422
9.009
11.966
15.338
19.058
23.1
35.112
48.972

0.439
0.624
0.809
1.040
1.594
2.218
2.957
3.788
4.689
5.706
8.616
12.081

0.277
0.347
0.531
0.739
0.993
1.271
1.594
1.917
2.911
4.066

0.231
0.300
0.416
0.531
0.647
0.785
1.201
1.686

Friction Loss
NPSH - Net Positive Suction Head
IMPORTANT!
NPSHA should exceed NPSHR for optimum pump performance and to prevent severe pump damage.
NPSH Example - Suction Lift
NPSHA = Ha - Hvp - Hf - Hs
Ha = Absolute Pressure
Hvp = Vapor Pressure
Hf = Friction Losses
Hs = Distance of liquid level above or below impeller
eye (if level is above eye, Hs is positive. If level is
below the eye, Hs will be negative.)

Static
Head

DB3 Curve

Total
Head

5-3/4 DIA.
125

Suction
Lift

75

40

50

30
20

25
17 NPSHR

NPSHR - FEET

TOTAL HEAD - FEET

100

10

11 NPSHR
0
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

CAPACITIES - GALLONS PER MINUTE

Example 1:

Example 2:

Elevation = 500 ft above sea level

Water Temp = 70o F
Suction Head (Hs) = 13 feet
Capacity = 300 Gallons per Minute (GPM)
Suction Pipe Length (Steel) = 13 feet
Pipe Diameter = 4 inches

Elevation = 500 ft above sea level

Water Temp = 70o F
Suction Head (Hs) = 13 feet
Capacity = 500 Gallons per Minute (GPM)
Suction Pipe Length (Steel) = 13 feet
Pipe Diameter = 4 inches

Ha = 33.3 feet (From pg.12- Atmospheric Pressure)

Hvp = .84 feet head (From pg.12- Prop. of Water)
Hf = (9.19/100) * 13 + (9.19/100) * 12 = 1.19 (Pipe
Losses) + 1.10(Fitting Losses) = 2.29 feet
Hs = 13 feet

Ha = 33.3 feet (From pg.12- Atmospheric Pressure)

Hvp = .84 feet head (From pg.12- Prop. of Water)
Hf = (23.668/100) * 13 + (23.668/100) * 12 = 3.08 (Pipe
Losses) + 2.84 (Fitting Losses) = 5.92 feet
Hs = 13 feet

NPSHA = 33.3 - .84 - 2.29 - 13 = 17.2 feet

NPSHR for DB3 @ 300GPM = 11 feet
17.2 > 11 Acceptable

NPSHA = 33.3 - .84 - 5.92 - 13 = 13.54 feet

NPSHR for DB3 @ 300GPM = 17 feet
13.54 17 NPSHR exceeds NPSHA, Cavitation occurs

11

Reference Tables
Equivalent Values of Pressure
Inches of
Mercury

Feet of Water

PSI

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
29.929

1.13
2.26
3.39
4.52
5.65
6.78
7.91
9.04
10.17
11.3
12.45
13.57
14.7
15.82
16.96
18.09
19.22
20.35
21.75
22.6
23.78
24.88
26
27.15
26.26
29.4
30.52
31.65
32.8
33.947

0.49
0.98
1.47
1.95
2.44
2.93
3.42
3.91
4.4
4.89
5.39
5.87
6.37
6.86
7.35
7.84
8.33
8.82
9.31
9.8
10.3
10.8
11.28
11.75
12.25
12.73
13.23
13.73
14.22
14.697

Properties of Water

Atmospheric Pressure at Various Elevations

Altitude

12

Atmospheric Pressure

Feet Above
Sea Level

Pounds per
Square Inch (PSI)

Feet of
Water

Inches of
Mercury

Sea Level
500
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000

14.7
14.4
14.2
13.7
13.2
12.7
12.2
11.8
11.3
10.9
10.5
10.1

33.8
33.3
32.6
31.4
30.3
29.2
28.2
27.1
26.1
25.1
24.2
23.2

29.9
29.4
28.8
27.8
26.8
25.8
24.9
24
23.1
22.2
21.4
20.6

Temp. of
Water (F)

Pressure
(ft Water)

60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
212

0.59
0.84
1.17
1.61
2.19
2.94
3.91
5.14
6.67
8.58
10.9
13.8
17.3
21.6
26.6
32.6
34

Friction Loss
Pipe Fittings
Friction losses in terms of equivalent lengths of standard pipe
Pipe Size

Standard 90 Elbow

Long Radius Elbow

45 Elbow

Tee

Return Bend

1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
3-1/2
4
4-1/2
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
30
36
42
48

1.5
2.2
2.7
3.7
4.3
5.5
6.5
8.1
9.5
11
12
14
16
21
26
32
36
42
46
52
58
63
79
94
120
135

1.1
1.4
1.7
2.4
2.8
3.5
4.2
5.1
6
7
7.9
8.9
11
14
17
20
23
27
30
34
37
40
50
60
72
82

0.77
1
1.3
1.6
2
2.5
3
3.8
4.4
5
5.6
6.1
7.7
10
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
28
35
43
50
58

3.4
4.5
5.8
7.8
9
11
14
17
19
22
24
27
33
43
56
66
76
87
100
110
130
140
165
200
240
275

3.8
5
6.1
8.5
10
13
15
18
21
24
27
31
37
49
61
73
85
100
110
120
140
150
190
220
260
300

13

Friction Loss
Pipe Fittings
Friction losses in terms of equivalent lengths of standard pipe

14

Pipe Size

Gate Valve Open

Globe Valve Open

Angle Valve Open

Swing Check Valve

1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
3-1/2
4
4-1/2
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
30
36
42
48

0.35
0.47
0.6
0.8
0.95
1.2
1.4
1.7
2
2.3
2.6
2.9
3.5
4.5
5.7
6.7
8
9
10.2
12
13
14
17
20
23
26

16
22
27
37
44
57
66
85
99
110
130
140
160
220
290
340
390
430
500
560
610
680
860
1000
1200
1400

8.4
12
15
18
22
28
33
42
50
58
61
70
83
110
140
170
190
220
250
280
310
340
420
500
600
680

4
5
7
9
11
13
16
20
26
33
39
52
65

Pressure Loss
Swing Check Valves
Flow
GPM
2
3
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44

Pressure Loss (PSI)

Valve Size
1/2
0.2
.05
1.0
1.7
2.6
3.6
4.8

3/4
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.1
1.5
2.0
2.4
3.0
3.5
4.1
4.8

0.3
0.5
0.6
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.9
3.2
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.7

1-1/4 1-1/2

0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.9

0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0

0.3
0.3
0.4

Flow
GPM
46
48
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
450
500

Pressure Loss (PSI)

Valve Size
1-1/4 1-1/2
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.9
3.4
3.9
4.5

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.7
4.6

2
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.5
3.3
4.3
5.3
6.5

2-1/2

0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.2
1.6
2.1
2.6
3.1
4.7
6.6

0.4
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.4
2.1
2.9
3.8
4.9

0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.6

Bronze Gate Valves

Flow
GPM
1
2
5
8
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
380
400
450
500
550
600

Pressure Loss (PSI)

Valve Size
1/2
.01
.06
.16
.24

3/4
.02
.05
.08
.17
.31

.02
.03
.06
.11
.24
.43
.67

1-1/4 1-1/2

.01
.02
.03
.07
.13
.21
.30
.54

.01
.02
.04
.07
.11
.15
.28
.43
.62
.85

.01
.02
.04
.05
.10
.15
.22
.30
.40
.50
.62

2-1/2

.01
.02
.03
.05
.07
.10
.14
.18
.23
.29
.42

.01
.02
.03
.04
.06
.07
.09
.11
.14
.17
.19
.23
.26

.02
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.09
.10
.14
.18
.23
.28
.34
.40

15

Pressure Loss
Water Meters - AWWA Standard
Flow
GPM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
240
260
280
300
350
400
450
500

16

Pressure Loss
Normal Size
5/8

3/4

0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.9
1.3
1.8
2.3
3.0
3.7
4.4
5.1
6.1
7.2
8.3
9.4
10.7
12.0
13.4
15.0

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.6
3.1
3.6
4.1
4.6
5.2
5.8
6.5
7.9
9.5
11.2
13.0
15.0

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.8
3.4
4.0
4.6
5.3
6.0
6.9
7.8
8.7
9.6
10.6
11.7
12.8
13.9
15.0

1-1/2

0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.6
3.9
4.2
4.5
4.9
5.3
5.7
6.2
6.7
7.2
8.3
9.8
11.3
12.8
16.1
20.0

0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.3
4.9
6.2
7.8
9.5
11.3
13.0
15.1
17.3
20.0

1.0
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.6
2.0
2.5
2.9
3.4
3.9
4.5
5.1
5.8
6.5
7.2
8.0
9.0
11.0
13.0
15.0
17.3
20.0

0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.2
3.9
4.7
5.5
6.3
7.2
10.0
13.0
16.2
20.0

Flanges
ANSI Standard C.I. Flange Dimensions
Nominal Pipe
Size

Diameter of
Flange (in)

Thickness of
Flange (in)

Diameter of
Bolt Circle (in)

Number of
Bolts

Diameter of
Bolts (in)

Diameter
of Drilled
Boltholes (in)

Size of Ring
Gasket (in)

2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6
8
10
12
14 O.D
16 O.D.
18 O.D.
20 O.D.
24 O.D.
30 O.D.
36 O.D.

6
7
7.5
8.5
9
10
11
13.5
16
19
21
23.5
25
27.5
32
38.75
46

5/8
11/16
3/4
13/16
15/16
15/16
1
1 1/8
1 3/16
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 7/16
1 9/16
1 11/16
1 7/8
2 1/8
2 3/8

4 3/4
5 1/2
6
7
7 1/2
8 1/2
9 1/2
11 3/4
14 1/4
17
18 3/4
21 3/4
22 3/4
25
29 1/2
36
42 3/4

4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
16
16
20
20
28
32

5/8
5/8
5/8
5/8
5/8
3/4
3/4
3/4
7/8
7/8
1
1
1 1/8
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 1/2

3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
7/8
7/8
7/8
1
1
1 1/8
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 3/8
1 5/8

2 x 4 1/8
2 1/2 x 4 7/8
3 x 5 3/8
3 1/2 x 6 3/8
4 x 6 7/8
5 x 7 3/4
6 x 8 3/4
8 x 11
10 x 13 3/8
12 x 16 1/8
14 x 17 3/4
16 x 20 1/4
18 x 21 5/8
20 x 23 7/8
24 x 28 1/4
30 x 34 5/8
36 x 41 1/4

17

Flow Measurement
Estimating Output from Pipe - Horizontal Open Discharge Method
For Full Flowing Pipes - The output in GPM can be approximated by constructing an L-shaped gauge like that
shown, with the short leg 4 inches long. Make the long leg to suit the pipe sizes and capacities for which the gauge
will be used (refer to table) and mark it in inches.
Lay the gauge along the top of the pipe with the short leg barely touching the stream of water, and note distance A.
Read the discharge rate from the table. Table is based on formula Q = 1.28 x A x D2.
Example: D = 3; A = 15 : Q = 183 GPM

A
D

A
(inches)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Nominal Size of Pipe (D)

1

1 1/4

1 1/2

537
7.1
8.5
10
11.3
12.8
14.2
15.6
17
18.5
20
21.3
22.7

9.8
12.2
14.7
17.1
19.6
22
24.5
27
29
31.5
34
36.3
39
41.5

13.3
16.3
20
23.2
26.5
29.8
33.2
36.5
40
43
46.5
50
53
56.5
60

22
27.5
33
38.5
44
49.5
55.5
60.5
66
71.5
77
82.5
88
93
99
110

2 1/2

10

12

Discharge Rate (Q) - Gallons per Minute

31.3
39
47
55
62.5
70
78.2
86
94
102
109
117
125
133
144
148
156

48.5
61
73
85
97.5
110
122
134
146
158
170
183
196
207
220
232
244
256

83.5
104
125
146
166
187
208
229
250
270
292
312
334
355
375
395
415
435
460

163
195
228
260
293
326
360
390
425
456
490
520
550
590
620
650
685
720
750

285
334
380
430
476
525
570
620
670
710
760
810
860
910
950
1000
1050
1100
1140

580
665
750
830
915
1000
1080
1160
1250
1330
1410
1500
1580
1660
1750
1830
1910
2000

1060
1190
1330
1460
1600
1730
1860
2000
2120
2260
2390
2520
2660
2800
2920
3060
3200

1660
1850
2020
2220
2400
2590
2780
2960
3140
3330
3500
3700
3890
4060
4250
4440

Average
Velocity
(ft/sec)
2.1
2.6
3.1
3.7
4.2
4.7
5.3
5..8
6.2
3.9
7.4
7.9
8.4
9.1
9.7
10.4
10.6
11.4
11.8
12.4
13

Partially Filled Pipe - Area Factor Method

Flow (Q) = A x H x F x 1.039
A = Area of pipe in square inches
H = Horizontal distance in inches
F = Effective area factor from chart
Pipe Area = Inside diameter2 x 0.7854
Example: Inside Diameter = 3.8; H = 15; F = .75
A = 3.8 x 3.8 x 0.7854 = 11.34 sq. inches
F/D Ratio = .75/3.8 = 20%
F = 0.858
Q (GPM) = 11.34 x 15 x 1.039 = 177 GPM

18

D
F

12

Nozzle Discharge
Nozzle discharge in U.S. gallons per minute at 100% efficiency
PSI

Feet head

Discharge
Velocity
(ft/sec)

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200

23.1
34.6
46.2
57.7
36.9
80.8
92.4
103.9
115.5
138.6
161.6
184.7
207.8
231
277.2
323.4
369.6
415.7
462

38.6
47.2
54.5
60.9
66.8
72.2
77
81.6
86.2
94.4
102
109
116
122
133
144
154
163
172

PSI

Feet head

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200

23.1
34.6
46.2
57.7
36.9
80.8
92.4
103.9
115.5
138.6
161.6
184.7
207.8
231
277.2
323.4
369.6
415.7
462

Nozzle Diameter in Inches

5/32 11/64 3/16 13/64 7/32 15/64
2.31
2.83
3.26
3.64
4.01
4.31
4.61
4.91
5.15
5.65
6.10
6.52
6.91
7.29
7.96
8.62
9.22
9.76
10.3

Discharge
Velocity
(ft/sec) 11/32
38.6
47.2
54.5
60.9
66.8
72.2
77
81.6
86.2
94.4
102
109
116
122
133
144
154
163
172

11.2
13.7
15.8
17.7
19.4
21.0
22.4
23.7
25.0
27.4
29.6
31.7
33.7
35.4
38.6
41.8
44.7
47.4
50.0

2.80
3.43
3.92
4.38
4.83
5.18
5.54
5.91
6.19
6.80
7.34
7.84
8.31
8.76
9.66
10.5
11.2
11.8
12.5

3.34
4.08
4.69
5.25
5.75
6.21
6.64
7.03
7.41
8.12
8.78
9.39
9.95
10.5
11.5
12.4
13.3
14.1
14.9

3.90
4.77
5.51
6.16
6.80
7.30
7.80
8.30
8.71
9.56
10.3
11.0
11.7
12.3
13.4
14.5
15.6
16.5
17.4

4.53
5.54
6.37
7.13
7.85
8.43
9.02
9.60
10.1
11.1
12.0
12.7
13.5
14.2
15.6
16.9
18.1
19.1
20.2

5.21
6.36
7.35
8.21
9.00
9.73
10.4
11.0
11.6
12.7
13.8
14.7
15.6
16.4
17.9
19.4
20.8
22.0
23.2

1/4
5.91
7.24
8.35
9.34
10.2
11.1
11.8
12.5
13.2
14.5
15.7
16.7
17.7
18.7
20.4
22.1
23.6
25.0
26.4

17/64 9/32 19/64 5/16

6.68
8.17
9.45
10.5
11.6
12.5
13.3
14.1
14.9
16.4
17.7
18.9
220.1
21.2
23.0
24.9
26.7
28.2
29.8

7.50
9.17
10.5
11.8
13.0
13.9
14.9
15.9
16.6
18.3
19.8
21.1
22.3
23.5
25.8
28.0
29.9
31.6
33.4

8.35
10.4
11.8
13.2
14.4
15.6
16.6
17.6
18.6
20.4
22.0
23.6
25.1
26.4
28.8
31.1
33.3
35.2
37.2

9.23
11.3
13.1
14.6
16.0
17.2
18.4
19.5
20.6
22.6
24.4
26.1
27.8
29.2
31.8
34.5
36.9
39.0
41.2

Nozzle Diameter in Inches

3/8

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

3/4

7/8

13.3
16.3
18.8
21.0
23.1
25.0
26.6
28.2
29.8
32.6
35.3
37.7
40.1
32.2
46.0
49.8
53.3
56.4
59.5

18.1
22.4
25.6
28.6
31.4
33.9
36.2
38.3
40.5
44.3
47.9
51.2
54.5
57.3
62.5
67.6
72.3
76.5
81.7

23.6
28.9
33.4
37.3
40.9
44.2
47.3
50.1
52.8
57.8
62.6
66.8
70.8
74.9
81.8
88.4
94.6
100
106

30.1
36.7
42.4
47.3
51.9
56.1
59.9
63.4
67.0
73.3
79.3
84.8
90.3
95.0
103
112
120
127
134

36.9
45.2
52.2
58.4
63.9
69.0
73.8
78.2
82.5
90.4
97.8
105
111
117
128
138
148
156
165

53.3
65.1
75.3
84.0
92.2
99.8
106
113
119
130
141
151
160
169
184
199
213
225
238

72.5
88.7
102
115
126
136
145
153
162
177
192
205
218
229
250
271
289
306
323

94.8
116
136
149
164
177
189
200
211
232
251
268
285
300
327
354
378
400
423

1-1/8 1-1/4
120
147
169
189
208
224
239
254
268
293
317
339
360
379
413
447
478
506
535

148
181
209
234
256
276
295
313
330
362
391
418
445
468
510
554
591
625
660

19

Electrical Data
Electrical Information
Efficiencies, Fuse Sizes, and Wire Sizes for Singe Phase Electric Motors
115 Volts
HP
Typical Full
Rating
Load
Full Load Max Fuse
of Motor
Eff. %
Amps
Size
1/4
1/3
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/2
2
3
5
7-1/2

63
66
69
71
71
71
73
75
76
77

5.8
7.2
9.8
13.8
16
20
24
34
-

20
25
30
45
50
60
80
110
-

230 Volts
Min Wire
Size
14
14
14
12
12
10
10
6
-

Full Load Max Fuse

Amps
Size
2.9
3.6
4.9
6.9
8
10
12
17
28
40

15
15
15
25
25
30
40
60
90
125

Min Wire
Size
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
10
8
6

Efficiencies, Fuse Sizes, and Wire Sizes for Three Phase Electric Motors
230 Volts
HP
Typical Full
Rating
Load
Full Load Max Fuse
of Motor
Eff. %
Amps
Size
1/4
1/3
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/2
2
3
5
7-1/2
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100

20

66
69
72
74
76
77
79
80
82
83
84
85
86
86
87
88
89
90
91
92

2
2.8
3.6
5.2
6.8
9.6
15.2
22
28
42
54
68
80
104
130
154
198
248

15
15
15
15
15
15
25
30
45
70
90
125
175
200
250
350
400
450
600
800

460 Volts
Min Wire
Size
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
12
10
8
6
4
3
2
1
1
00
000
250
400

Full Load Max Fuse

Amps
Size
1
1.4
1.8
2.6
3.4
4.8
7.6
11
14
21
27
34
40
52
65
77
96
124

15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
25
35
45
60
80
100
125
175
200
250
300
400

575 Volts
Min Wire
Size
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
12
10
8
8
6
4
3
2
1
00

Full Load Max Fuse

Amps
Size
0.8
1.1
1.4
2.1
2.7
3.9
6.1
9
11
17
22
27
32
41
52
62
77
99

15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
20
30
35
50
70
80
100
125
150
200
225
300

Min Wire
Size
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
12
10
8
8
6
4
3
2
1

Pressure Tank Sizing

Pressure Tank Selection Chart - Minimum tank volumes for proper system life
Pump
Capacity

Total Tank Volume (Gallons)

Minimum
Drawdown

Switch Setting (PSI)

20-40

40-60

GPH

GPM

Gallons

240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
15
17
19
20
23
25
27
30
33
36
38
41
44
47
50
53
57
60

10
15
15
20
20
25
30
35
35
40
45
50
55
6
70
75
80
90
100
105
110
120
130
135
145
155
165

15
15
20
20
25
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
65
70
75
85
90
100
105
115
120
130
140
145
160
165

25
30
40
45
50
60
65
80
85
100
110
125
160
150
160
175
195
215
235
345
365
385
305
325
345
370
390

15
15
20
35
35
30
30
40
40
50
55
60
65
75
80
85
95
105
115
125
135
140
150
160
170
185
195

15
20
20
25
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
65
65
75
85
90
100
110
120
125
135
145
155
165
175
185
195

40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
130
150
170
190
200
230
250
270
300
330
360
380
410
440
470
500
530
570
600

15
20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
75
85
95
100
110
125
135
140
155
165
175
185
200
215
225

15
20
25
30
30
35
40
45
50
60
65
75
75
90
95
105
115
125
135
145
155
165
180
190
200
215
225

55
70
85
100
110
125
140
165
180
210
235
265
280
320
350
375
415
460
500
530
570
610
655
700
735
790
835

Note: A - Bladder or Diaphragm Tank Design

B - Floating Wafer Tank Design
C - Plain Steel Tank Design

21

30-50

Weirs
Discharge from Rectangular Weir with End Contractions

L
A
H

Length (L) of Weir (ft)

Head (H)
inches
1
1 1/4
1 1/2
1 3/4
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 3/4
3
3 1/4
3 1/2
3 3/4
4
4 1/4
4 1/2
4 3/4
5
5 1/4
5 1/2
5 3/4
6
6 1/4
6 1/2
6 3/4
7
7 1/4
7 1/2
7 3/4

Length (L) of Weir (ft)

Additional
GPM for each
ft over 5 ft

Head (H)
inches

35.4
49.5
64.9
81
98.5
117
136.2
157
177.8
199.8
222
245
269
293.6
318
344
370
395.5
421.6
449
476.5

107.5
150.4
197
248
302
361
422
485
552
624
695
769
846
925
1006
1091
1175
1262
1352
1442
1535
1632
1742
1826
1928
2029
2130
2238

179.8
250.4
329.5
415
506
605
706
815
926
1047
1167
1292
1424
1559
1696
1835
1985
2130
2282
2440
2600
2760
2920
3094
3260
3436
3609
3785

36.05
50.4
66.2
83.5
102
122
143
165
187
211
236
261
288
316
345
374
405
434
465
495
528
560
596
630
668
701.5
736
774

8
8 1/4
8 1/2
8 3/4
9
9 1/4
9 1/2
9 3/4
10
10 1/2
11
11 1/2
12
12 1/2
13
13 1/2
14
14 1/2
15
15 1/2
16
16 1/2
17
17 1/2
18
18 1/2
19
19 1/2

Note: L - Length of weir opening in feet (should be 4 to 8 times H)

H - Head on weir in feet (to be measured at least 6 ft back of weir opening)
A - Should be at least 3 H

22

Additional
GPM for each
ft over 5 ft

2328
2442
2540
2656
2765
2876
2985
3103
3216
3480
3716
3960
4185
4430
4660
4950
5215
5475
5740
6015
6290
6565
6925
7140
7410
7695
7980
8280

3956
4140
4312
4511
4699
4899
5098
5288
5490
5940
6355
6780
7165
7595
8010
8510
8980
9440
9920
10400
10900
11380
11970
12410
12900
13410
13940
14460

814
850
890
929
970
1011
1051
1091
1136
1230
1320
1410
1495
1575
1660
1780
1885
1985
2090
2165
2300
2410
2520
2640
2745
2855
2970
3090

Affinity Laws
Pump Speed / Impeller Diameter Change
Use the following laws of affinity to determine the effects of speed or impeller diameter changes when the desired
speed is not shown on pump curve:

H1

G1

Variables
R1

Existing Head in feet

Existing Gallons
per minute (GPM)

Existing Revolutions
per minute (RPM)

d1

P1

Existing diameter of
impeller in inches

Existing Brake
Horsepower (BHP)

H2

G2

R2

d2

P2

Desired Head in feet

Desired Gallons
per minute (GPM)

Desired Revolutions
per minute (RPM)

Desired diameter of
impeller in inches

Desired Brake
Horsepower (BHP)

Capacity varies directly as the speed or diameter:

G2 = G1 (R2/R1) or G2 = G1 (d2/d1)
Example Speed Change: 100 GPM x (3500 RPM / 1750 RPM) = 200 GPM
Example Diameter Change: 100 GPM x (6 in / 5 in) = 120 GPM
Head varies as the square of the speed or diameter:
H2 = H1 (R2/R1)2 or H2 = H1 (d2/d1)2
Example Speed Change: 50 ft. head x (3500 RPM / 1750 RPM)2 = 200 ft head
Example Diameter Change: 50 ft. head x (6 in / 5 in)2 = 72 ft head
Horsepower varies as the cube of the speed or diameter:
P2 = P1 (R2/R1)3 or P2 = P1 (d2/d1)3
Example Speed Change: 9 HP x (3500 RPM / 1750 RPM)3 = 72 HP
Example Diameter Change: 9 HP x (6 in / 5 in)3 = 15.6 HP

Specific Gravity Effect

Specific gravity affects the output pressure of a pump. The heavier the liquid, the more force will be required
to pump at the same performance. Brake horsepower varies directly with specific gravity. If the liquid has
specific gravity other than water (1.0), mutiply the brake horsepower for water by the specific gravity of the liquid
to be handled.

23

Materials of Construction
Materials For Pumping Various Liquids
Liquid
Acid, Acetic
Acid, Acetic
Acid, Arsenic
Acid, Boric
Acid, Carbolic (Phenol)
Acid, Carbonic
Acid, Citric
Acid, Cyanic
Acid, Fatty
Acid, Fruit
Acid, Hydrochloric
Acid,Hydrocyanic
Acid,Hydrofluosilicic
Acid, Mine Water
Acid, Muriatic
Acid, Nitric
Acid, Nitric
Acid, Oxalic
Acid, Phosphoric
Acid, Picric
Acid, Pyrogallic
Acid, Pyroligneous
Acid, Sulphuric
Acid, Sulphuric
Acid, Sulphuric
Acid, Sulphuric
Acid, Sulphurous
Acid, Tannic
Alcohol (Grain)
Alcohol (Wood)
Alkaline Liquid
Aluminum Sulphate
Ammonia
Ammonium Bicarbonate
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium Sulphate
Aniline Water
Asphaltum
Barium Chloride
Barium Nitrate
Beer
Beer Wort
Beet Juice (Thin)
Benzine (Coal Tar Product)
Benzine (Oil Dist. Product)
Bichloride of Mercury
Bitterwasser
Bleach Solutions
Brine Calcium Chloride
Brine, Calcium & Sodium Chloride
Brine Gun Cotton
Brine Sodium Chloride
Brine Sodium Chloride
Cachaza
Cadmium Electrolyte
Calcium Bisulphite
Calcium Chlorate
Calcium Hyprochlorite
Calcium Magnesium Chloride
Cane Juice
Carbon Bisulphide
Carbonate of Soda (Soda Ash)
Carbon Tetrachloride
Caustic Chloride of Magnesium
Caustic Chloride of Sodium
Caustic Cyanogen
Caustic Manganese
Caustic Potash
Caustic Soda
Caustic Strontia
Caustic Sulphide
Caustic Zinc Chloride
Cellulose
Chloride of Zinc
Chlorine Water
Chlorine (Dry Gas)
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform

24

Condition Chem. Symb.

Conc.
Dil.

CH3COOH

Sp. Gr.

Visc.

Material Recommended

Mech. Seal Mtrl Code

1.055

32@68o F.

XFICI

1.071

56@68o F.

Lead, Alum., Brz., Monel, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.

Lead, Monel, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
All Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
Alum., Brz., Monel, Cr. Ni., Stainless St.
All Iron
All Bronze
Plain Fitted, Cr. Ni, Stainless St.
All Iron
Aluminum Bronze, Monel
Monel, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
Enamel, High Silicon Iron, Hastelloy
All Iron
Alum. Brz., Monel
High Lead Brz., Cr. Ni., Stainless St.
See Acid Hydrochloride
Lead, Cr. Ni., Stainless St.
All Iron, Cr. Ni., Stainless St.
High Sil. Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
High. Sil. Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
All Brz., Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
All Iron, High Silicon Iron
High Silicon Iron
Silicon Brz., Alum. Brz., Lead, Monel
Plain Fitted, Steel
Enamel, Lead, Aluminium Brz.
All Brz., Monel, Cr. Ni., Stainless St.
All Bronze
All Bronze
Enamel, All Iron
Plain Fitted, High Silicon Iron
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron, Cr. Ni., Stainless Steel Alloy
All Iron, Cr. Ni., Stainless Steel Alloy
All Iron, Cr. Ni., Stainless Steel Alloy
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron, Cr. Ni., Stainless Steel Alloy
All Iron, Cr. Ni., Stainless Steel Alloy
All Bronze, Cr. Ni., Stainless Steel Alloy
All Bronze, Cr. Ni., Stainless Steel Alloy
All Bronze, Cr. Ni., Stainless Steel Alloy
All Iron
Brz. Fitted
All Iron, Cr. Ni.,Stainless Steel
All Bronze
Bronze Fitted
All Iron
All Bronze
All Bronze
All Bronze, All Iron
All Brz., Monel, Cr. Ni. Stainless Steel
Bronze Fitted
High Silicon Iron, Non-Metallic
Cr. Ni. Stainless St. Alloy
Cr. Ni. Stainless St. Alloy
Enamel, All Iron, High Si. Iron
All Bronze
Bronze Fitted
All Iron
All Iron
Plain Fitted, All Iron
Hard Lead
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
All Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
All Bronze
All Bronze
Bronze Fitted
High Silicon Iron, Plain Fitted
All Iron
High Silicon Iron, Non.Met., Hastelloy C.
Cu. N., & Mn Alloy
Std. Fitted
Lead, Cr. Ni. Stainless St. Alloy

AS2O3
Conc.

Comml.

Conc.
Dil.
To 50%
Crude 50%

Conc.
Hot 60 Be
Dil.
Fuming
Conc.

Conc. & Dil.

H2O & Acid
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.

C5H3OH
CO2 + H2O
C5H3O7 + H2O
CNOH

HCI
HCN
H2SiF2

1.54

1.16 (20 Be)

.70

HNO3

1.41

CO2CHO3H12H2O
H3PO4

1.36-1.4

H2C2H3O2
H3SO4

1.018-1.03
1.835

31.5 (EST.)

31.5@68 F.

66@68o F.

1.07
H2SO4+SO3
H2SO3
C14H10O8
C3H6OH
CH2OH
N3(SO4)8
NH3
NH4HCO3
NH4CI
NH4NO8
(NH4)2 SO4

Hot

.7939
.7965

33@68 F.
31@68o F.

.623@32o F.

29.5@32o F.

.98-1.4
BaCl2
Ba(NO2)3

C 6 H6

1.01

o
32@68 F.

.88
.64-.66

31@68o F.

Dil.

HgCl3

Pure

CaCl2

Up to 1.3

32-42@60o F.

3% Salt
Over 3% Salt

NaCl

1.02
1.02-1.20

32-35@60o F.
32-35@60o F.

Ca(HSO3)2
Ca(ClO3)32H2O
Ca(OCI)2

1.04

Aq. Sol.

Aq. Sol.
Hot

CS2
Na2CO3
CCl4
MgClOH
NaClOH
CNOH
Mn(OH)2
KOH
NaOH
Sr(OH)2
KSH
ZNClOH

1.58

ZnCl2
Cl
C8H3C1
CHCl3

1.1
1.5

31@77 F.

BFICI
BFICI
BFICI
XFICI
BFICI
BFICI
XFICI

QFICI

XFICI (Carp 20)

BFICI
BFICI
BFICI

BFICI
BFICI
QFICI
XFICI
XFICI
XFICI
BFICI
BFICI
BFICI
BFICI
XFICI
XFICI

BFICI
BFICI
BFICI
BFICI

QFICI

BFICI
XFICI

XFICI
XFICI

Materials of Construction
Materials For Pumping Various Liquids
Liquid
Chrome Alum
Coal Tar Oil
Copperas (Green Vitriol)
Copper Acetate
Copper Chloride
Copper Nitrate
Copper Sulphate (Blue Vitriol)
Creosote
Creosote Oil
Cresol, Meta
Cyanide
Cyanide of Potassium
Cyanogen
Cyanogen Slime
Diffusion Water
Diphenyl
Dish Water
Distillery Wort
Dye Wood Liquor
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylene Chloride
Ferrie Chloride
Ferrie Chloride
Ferrous Chloride
Ferrous Sulphate (See Copperas)
Fruit Juices
Furfural
Gasoline
Glue
Glycerine
Grape Juice
Heptane
Hops
Hydrogen Peroxide (Perbydrol)
Hydrogen Sulphide
Lard
Lead Acetate (Sugar of Lead)
Lead Molten
Lime Water (Milk of Lime)
Lye, Caustic
Lye, Salty
Lye, Solution containing sand
Magnesium Acid Sulphate
Magnesium Acid Sulphate
Magnesium Chloride
Magnesium Oxychloride
Magnesium Sulphate (Epsom Salt)
Magma (Thick Residue)
Marsh Gas
Mash
Mercuric Chloride
Mercuric Chloride
Mercuric Sulphate
Mercurous Sulphate
Methyl Acetate
Methyl Chloride
Methylene Chloride
Milk
Molasses
Naphtha
Naphtha Crude
Nickel Chloride
Nickel Sulphate
Nicotine Sulphate
Oil, Crude (Asphalt Base)
Oil, Crude (Paraffine Base)
Oil, Fuel
Oil, Kerosene
Oil, Lubricating Lt. or Hy
Oil, Mineral
Oil, Vegetable
Oil, Purifying
Oil, Coal Tar
Oil, Creosote
Oil, Turpentine
Oil, Linseed
Oil, Rapeseed
Paraffine (45 to 60 C.)
Petroleum
Photographic Developers

Condition Chem. Symb.

Aq. Sol
Aq. Sol
Aq. Sol

Sp. Gr.

Visc.

FeSO4
Cu(C2H3O2)2+H2O
CuCl2
Cu(NO3)2
CuSO4
.93
CH3C6H4OH
NaCN
KCN
CN

1.04

In Alcohol

C4H5C4H5

Cold
Aq. Sol
Hot
Cold Aq.

CH3COOC2H3
C2H4(Cl)2
FeCl3
FeCl3
FeCl3

.90
1.28

C4H3OCHO
C8H14

1.16
.66-.75

C3H3(OH)3

1.262

C7H18

.69

Hot

Comml.
In Water
Hot
Aq. Sol

H2O2
H 2S
Pb(C3H4O3)2 + 3H2O
Ca(OH)2

Cone.
Dil.
Aq. Sol
Aq. Sol

MgCl2
MgClOH
MgSO6
CH4

Very Dil.
Comml. Cone.
In H2SO4
In H2SO4

HgCl2
HgCl2
HgSO4
H22(SO4)3
CH3CO3CH3
CH3Cl
CH3Cl2

.924
.92
1.26
1.028-1.035
.665

Low pH Sol.
Low pH Sol.

NiCl2
NiSO4
C10H14 N2H3SO4

Hot
Cold
.825-.95
.81@68o F.

1.04-1.10
.87
.94
.92
Hot

Material Recommended
High Silicon Iron
All Iron
All Iron, Lead, High Silicon Iron
Cr. Ni. Stainless St. Alloy
High Silicon Iron, Hastelloy C
Cr. Ni. Stainless Steel Alloy
Lead, High Sil. Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron
Plain Fitted
All Iron
Plain Fitted
All Bronze
Bronze Fitted
All Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
Lead, High Sil. Iron
High Sil. Iron, Hastelloy C. Non-Met
High Sil. Iron, Hastelloy C. Non-Met
All Iron (Oxidizes to Ferric Acid Conditions)

Monel, High Sil. Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless

All Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
30@68 F. Bronze Fitted
Bronze Fitted
2950@68o F. All Bronze
All Bronze
Bronze Fitted
Bronze Fitted
All Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
Ni-Resist, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
All Iron
High Sil. Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron
Brz. Fitted or all bronze
All Iron
All Bronze
All Iron
Hard Lead, High Sil. Iron
Lead
All Iron
All Brz, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
Plain Fitted
Brz. Fitted or all bronze
High Silicon Iron
High Sil. Iron, Hastelloy C., Enamel
High Sil. Iron, Enamel
High Sil Iron, Enamel
Cr. Ni. Stainless Steel
All Iron
All Iron
o
32@68 F. Bronze Tinned, All Bronze
Bronze Fitted
Bronze Fitted
Std. Fitted
High Sil. Iron, Copper
High Sil. Iron, Copper
High Sil. Iron, Copper
Std. Fitted
Std. Fitted
Std. Fitted
o
35@68 F. Std. Fitted
Std. Fitted
Std. Fitted
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron
o
33@68 F. All Iron
143@100o F. All Iron, Monel
All Bronze, Monel
Bronze Fitted
Plate Fitted
High Sil. Iron, Non-Metallic
o

Mech. Seal Mtrl Code

QFICI

QFICI

XFICI

BFICI
QFICI
BFICI
BFICI
BFICI

BFICI

XFICI
QFICI

BFICI

XFICI
QFICI

BFICI
BFICI

BFICI
BFICI
BFICI
BFICI

BFICI
BFICI
BFICI
BFICI

25

Materials of Construction
Materials For Pumping Various Liquids
Liquid
Potash Sulphide
Potassium Alum
Potassium Bichromate
Potassium Carbonate
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Cyanide
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium Sulphate
Pyridine
Rectifying Pump (Distillery)
Rhigolene (Oil Dist)
Salammoniac
Salt Cake
Sewage
Silver Nitrate
Slop, Brewery
Soap Liquor
Soda
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium Bisulphate
Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash)
Sodium Hydrosulphite
Sodium Hypochlorite
Sodium Hyposulphite
Sodium Nitrate
Sodium Sulphate
Sodium Sulphide
Sodium Sulphite
Sodium Thiosulphate
Stannic Chloride
Stannous Chloride
Starch
Strontium Nitrate
Sugar
Sulphate of Lime
Sulphide of Hydrogen
Sulphide of Sodium
Sulphide of Sodium
Sulpholignic Salts
Sulpholignic Salts
Sulphur
Sulphur Chloride
Sulphur Dioxide
Sweet Water
Syrup
Tanning Liquor
Tar
Tar and Ammonia

Condition Chem. Symb.

Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.

Vitriol, Oil of
Vitriol, White
Water, Distilled
Water, Fresh
Water, Salt & Sea
Whiskey
Wine
Wood Pulp
Wood Vinegar
Wort
Yeast
Zinc, Chloride
Zinc, Electrolyte
Zinc, Nitrate
Zinc, Sulphate

26

Visc.

.975

AgNO3
Thin

Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
(See Sodium
Thiosulphate)
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
Aq. Sol.
40% Sol.

Hot
Cold
Cone.
Dil.
In Water
Cold

NaOH
NaHCO3
NaHSO4
Na2CO3
Na3S2O6
NaOCl

NaNO3
Na2SO4
Na2S
NaSO3
Na3S2O25H2O
SnCl6
SnCl3
C2H10O3
Sr(NO3)2
43@68o F.
CaSO4
H 2S
Na3S

S2Cl2
SO2

Veg.
Aq. Sol.
(See Sannic
Chloride)
Pb(C2H3)4
CH2C6H6
C2HCl3

1.65
.86
1.47

1.08
(See Copper
Sulphate)
(See Ferrous
Sulphate)
(See Acid
Sulphuric)
(See Zinc
Sulphate)

Material Recommended
All Iron
Attacks C. I. slowly
All Iron
All Iron
All Brz., Cr. Ni. Stainless St
All Iron
All Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
All Iron, All Brz.
All Iron
All Bronze
Bronze Fitted
See Ammonium Chloride
All Iron, All Bronze
Bronze Fitted
High Sil. Iron, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
Bronze Fitted
All Iron
All Iron
All Iron
High Sil. Iron, Lead
All Iron
Lead, Cr. Ni. Stainless St.
High Sil, Iron, Lead. Non-Metallic

NH4Cl

Tetraethyl Lead
Toluene (Toluol)
Trichloroethyline
Urine
Varnish
Vinegar

Vitriol, Green

Sp. Gr.

Aq. Sol.

Tetrachloride of Tin

Vitriol, Blue

K 3S
Al2K2(SO4)4
K3Cr3O7
K3CO3
KCl
KCN
KNO3
K2SO4
CH(CHCH)2N

32@68o F.

Mech. Seal Mtrl Code

BFICI
BFICI
BFICI
BFICI
BFICI
BFICI
QFICI

BFICI

XFICI
BFICI

All Iron
All Iron
All Iron, All Brz., Lead
All Brz., Lead, Cr. Ni. St. Steel
Cr. Ni. Stainless St., Monel, High Sil. Iron, En.
High Sil. Iron, Non-Metallic
High Sil. Iron, Non-Metallic
Bronze Fitted
All Iron
All Bronze
All Bronze
Plain Fitted
All Iron
Plain Fitted
All Bronze
Bronze Fitted
All Iron, All Bronze
All Iron, Lead
All Bronze
Bronze Fitted
All Bronze
All Bronze
All Iron
All Iron

QVICI
BFICI
BFICI

All Iron
All Iron, Std. Fitted
All Iron, Std. Fitted
All Bronze
All Bronze, Monel
All Brz., High Sil. Iron

QFICI
XFICI
XFICI
BFICI

BFICI

BFICI

QFICI

XFICI
QFICI
QFICI

XFICI

Cr. Ni. Stainless Steel

1.00
1.00

o
31.5@60 F. Bronze Fitted
Bronze Fitted

(See Brines)
All Bronze
All Bronze
Bronze Fitted

XFICI
BFICI
QFICI
BFICI
BFICI

(See Pyroligneous Acid)

Aq. Sol.
Zn(NO3)2
ZnSO4

All Bronze
All Bronze or Bronze Fitted
Spl. Brz. Alum., Brz. High Sil. Iron
Lead, High Sil. Iron
All Bronze
All Brz., High Sil. Iron, Cr. Ni., Stainless Steel

BFICI

Mechanical Seals
Material Code Identification
Seal Ring

Elastomer

Spring

Mating Ring

Hardware

Symbols reference material codes:

Symbol

Material

B
X
Q
F
C
I

Buna-N (Rubber)
Viton-A (Rubber)
Chemlon (TFE)
Carbon
Ceramic
Stainless Steel

Sequential order of the symbols has a specific meaning:

1st Symbol
2nd Symbol
3rd Symbol
4th Symbol
5th Symbol

=
=
=
=
=

Elastomer
Sealing Ring
Hardware
Mating Ring
Spring

27

Definitions
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD
NPSH stands for Net Positive Suction Head. It is defined as the suction gage reading in feet absolute taken on the
suction nozzle corrected to pump centerline, minus the vapor pressure in absolute corresponding to the temperature
of the liquid, plus velocity head at this point. When boiling liquids are being pumped from a closed vessel NPSH
is the static liquid head in the vessel above the pump centerline minus entrance and friction losses. See NPSH
example on pg. 11.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of any volume to the weight of an equal volume of some other substance
taken as a standard at stated temperatures. For solids or liquids the standard is usually water, and for the gasses,
the standard is air or hydrogen.

STATIC HEAD
Static head is the vertical distance between the free level of the source of supply and the point of free discharge, or
to the level of the free surface of the discharge liquid.

SUCTION LIFT
Suction lift exists when the suction measured at the pump nozzle and corrected to the centerline of the pump is
below atmospheric pressure.
Static suction lift is the vertical distance from the free level of the source of supply to centerline of pump.
Dynamic suction lift is the vertical distance from the source of supply when pumping at required capacity, to
centerline of pump, plus velocity head, entrance, and friction loss, but not including internal pump losses, where
static suction head exists but where the losses exceed the static suction head. The dynamic suction lift is the sum of
the velocity head, entrance, friction, minus the static suction head, but not including internal pump losses.
Dynamic suction head, as determined on test, is the reading of the mercury column connected to suction nozzle
of pump, plus vertical distance between point of attachment of mercury column to centerline of pump, plus head of
water resting on mercury column, if any.

TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH)

Total dynamic head is the vertical distance between source of supply and point of discharge when pumping at
required capacity, plus velocity head, friction, entrance and exit losses.
Total dynamic head, as determined on test where suction lift exists is the reading of the mercury column connected
to the suction nozzle of the pump plus the reading of a pressure gage connected to discharge nozzle of pump plus
vertical distance between point of attachment of mercury column and center of gage, plus excess, if any, of velocity
head of discharge, over velocity head of suction, as measured at points where the instruments are attached, plus
head of water resting on mercury column, if any.
Total dynamic head, as determined on tests where suction head exists, is the reading of the gage attached to the
discharge nozzle of pump minus the reading of a gage connected to the suction nozzle of pump, plus excess,
if any, of the velocity head of discharge over velocity head of suction as measured at points where instruments
are attached.
Total dynamic discharge head is the total dynamic head minus dynamic suction lift, or plus dynamic suction head.

28

Definitions
SUCTION HEAD
Suction head (sometimes called head of suction) exists when the pressure measured at the suction nozzle and
corrected to the centerline of the pump is above atmospheric pressure.
Static suction head is the vertical distance from the free level of the source supply to centerline of pump.
Dynamic suction head is the vertical distance from the source of supply, when pumping at required capacity, to
centerline of pump, minus velocity head, entrance, friction, but not minus internal pump losses.
Dynamic suction head, as determined on test, is the reading of a gage connected to suction nozzle of pump, minus
vertical distance from center of gage to centerline of pump. Suction head, after deducting the various losses, may
be a negative quantity, in which case a condition equivalent to suction lift will prevail.

VELOCITY HEAD
The velocity head (sometimes called Head due to velocity) of water moving with a given velocity, is the equivalent
head through which it would have to fall to acquire the same velocity; or the head necessary merely to accelerate
the water. Knowing the velocity, we can readily figure the velocity head from simple formula:

h=

V2
2g

in which g is accelaration due to gravity, or 32.16 feet per second; or knowing the head, we can
transpose the formula to:

V=

2gh

and thus obtain the velocity.

The velocity head is a factor in figuring, the total dynamic head, but the value is usually small, and in most cases
negliglibe; however, it should be considered when the total head is low and also when the suction lift is high.
Where the suction and discharge pipes are the same size, it is only necessary to include in the total head the
velocity head generated in the suction piping. If the discharge piping for computing the velocity head rather than the
velocity in the suction pipe.
Velocity head should be considered in accurate testing also, as it is part of the total dynamic head and consequently
affects the duty accomplished.
In testing a pump, a vacuum gage or a mercury column is generally used for obtained dynamic suction lift. The
mercury column or vacuum gage will show the velocity head combined with entrance head, friction head, and static
suction lift. On the discharge side, a pressure gage is usually used, but a pressure gage will not indicate velocity
head, and this must, therefore, be obtained either by calculating the velocity, or taking readings with a pitometer, to
take a number of readings at different points in the cross section.
A table, giving the relation between velocity and velocity head is shown below:
Velocity
(ft/sec)

Velocity
Head in ft.

Velocity
(ft/sec)

Velocity
Head in ft.

Velocity
(ft/sec)

Velocity
Head in ft.

Velocity
(ft/sec)

Velocity
Head in ft.

1
2
3
4
5

.02
.06
.14
.25
.39

6
7
8
8.5
9

.56
.76
1.0
1.12
1.25

9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5

1.4
1.55
1.7
1.87
2.05

12
13
14
15
-

2.24
2.62
3.05
3.50
-

VISCOSITY
Viscosity is the internal friction of a liquid tending to reduce flow.
Viscosity is ascertained by an instrument termed a viscosimeter, of which there are several makes. With few
exceptions, viscosity is expressed as the number of seconds required for a definite volume of fluid under an
arbitrary head to flow through a standardized aperture at constant temperature.

29

General Information
STATIC PRESSURE

FRICTION FACTOR PIPE SIZING FORMULA

One foot of elevation change results in a change in

static pressure of .433 psi. Dynamic Pressure in a
piping system (when water is flowing) varies according
to these following five factors, but is always less than
static pressure for that same point.
1. Velocity (of water-normally measured in ft. per sec.)
2. Inside Diameter (of pipe)

Ff =

Po x Pv
Lc

Ff = Allowable psi loss per 100 of pipe

Po = Operating pressure of sprinkler
Pv = Allowable percentage pressure variance
Lc = Longest run of lateral line (critical length)

3. Roughness (of inside wall of pipe)

4. Length (of pipe)
5. Change of Direction (such as elbows and tees)
Note: This does not include remote control valves,
backflow prevention devices, etc. The
manufacturers performance charts must be
consulted for pressure loss information.

This formula is used to determine the allowable

pressure loss per 100 of lateral pipe. Multiplying the
operating pressure by the percentage variation and
dividing that number by the longest run of pipe from
the control valve to the farthest head (divided by 100
length) gives us a guideline by which each section of
pipe can be sized.
Note: We recommend 10% as an acceptable operating
pressure variation within a lateral line.

PIPE SIZING
Two methods used to determine the pipe sizing are
the velocity limit method which is recommended for
main line sizing and the friction factor method for
sizing laterals.

Efficiency =

Power Output
Power Input

Pump Eff. =

GPM x Total Head (ft)

3960 x BHP

Motor Eff. =

HP Output
Kw input x 1.34

VELOCITY LIMIT PIPE SIZING FORMULA

Velocity of flow values is computed using the
general equation:
V = .408

Q
d2

V = Velocity in feet per second

Q = Flow Volume (GPM)
d = Inside diameter of pipe
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 lb/in2. This
pressure with a perfect vacuum will maintain a column
of mercury 29.9 inches or a column of water 33.9 feet
high. This is the theoretical distance that water may be
drawn by suction. In practice, however, pumps should
not have a total dynamic suction lift greater than 25 feet.

Head =

Torque =

3960 x Pump Eff. x BHP

GPM
BHP x 5250
RPM

Theoretical = GPM x Head (ft) x Specific Gravity

water HP
3960
Brake HP =
(BHP)

Theoretical water HP
Pump Efficiency

CAPACITIES OF ROUND TANKS

GPM = Diameter of Tank (ft2) x .7854 x Tank Height (ft) x 7.48

30

Conversions
HEAD

HORSEPOWER

To Convert From

To

Multiply By

To Convert From

To

Multiply By

PSI
PSI
Feet
Feet
Feet
Inches of Mercury
Meters
Kilograms per sq. in.
ATM
ATM
ATM

Feet
Inches of Mercury
PSI
Meters
Inches of Mercury
Feet of Water
Feet
PSI
PSI
Feet of Water
Meters of Water

2.31
2.04
0.433
0.305
0.885
1.132
3.28
14.22
14.7
34
10.35

H.P.
H.P.
H.P.
Kilowatts

Kilowatts
Ft. lbs. per minute
Ft. lbs. per second
H.P.

0.746
33000
550
1.341

LENGTH
To Convert From

To

Multiply By

Inches
Meters
Miles
Rods

Centimeters
Feet
Feet
Feet

2.54
3.28
5280
16.5

VOLUME
To Convert From

To

Multiply By

Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Liters
Barrel (Oil)
Cubic Feet
Cubic Feet
Acre Foot
Acre Foot
Acre Inch
Acre Inch

Liters
Cubic Inches
Cubic Feet
Cubic Meters
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Cubic Meters
Cubic Feet
Gallons
Cubic Feet
Gallons

3.785
231
0.137
0.004
0.264
42
7.48
0.028
43560
325829
3630
27100

WEIGHT
To Convert From

To

Multiply By

Gallons
Cubic Feet of Water
Kilograms

Pounds
Pounds
Pounds

8.33
62.35
2.2

TEMPERATURE
To Convert From

To

Multiply By

Fahrenheit
Celsius

Celsius
Fahrenheit

5/9 X (oF-32)
9/5 X (oC + 32)

1,000,000 US gal. / day = 695 US gal. / minute

CAPACITY
To Convert From

To

Multiply By

Gallons Per Minute

Gallons Per Minute
Gallons Per Minute
Gallons Per Minute
Gallons Per Minute
Cubic Meters/Hr.
Cubic Meters/Hr.
Cubic Feet/Sec.
Acre Foot
Acre Foot per Day
Acre Inch per Hour
Litre per Second
Miners Inch (ID,KS,N
E,NM,ND,SD,UT,WA)
Miners Inch
(AZ,CA,MT,NV,OR)

Liters/Sec.
Liters/Hr.
Cubic Meters/Hr.
Cubic Feet/Sec.
Pounds Per Hour
Gallons Per Minute
Liters/Sec.
Gallons Per Minute
Gallons
Gallons Per Minute
Gallons Per Minute
Gallons Per Minute

0.063
227.1
0.227
0.002
500
4.402
0.278
448.831
325.85
227
454
15.85

Gallons Per Minute

Gallons Per Minute

11.22

31

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