Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded M.Sc.

Biotechnology Second Year (Semester Pattern ) Syllabus June- 2010

M.Sc. Biotechnology Second Year (Third Semester)

Code No. BTT 3.1 BTT 3..2 BTT 3.3 BTT 3.4 BTP 3.1 BTP 3.2

Subject Title Genetic Engineering Enzymology and Protein Engineering Microbial Biotechnology Plant Biotechnology
Lab Course V Practical Based on BTT3.1 + BTT3.2 Lab Course VI Practical Based on BTT 3.3 + BTT 3.4

Teaching Periods / Week 04 04 04 04 04+04 04+04

Maximu m Marks T/P (A) 50 50 50 50 50 50

Internal Test Marks (B)

Total Duration Marks of Exam (A+B) (in Hrs) 50 50 50 50 50

50

03 03 03 03 06 06

Total Marks =
M .Sc. . Biotechnology (Fourth Semester) Code No. BTT 4.1 BTT 4.2 BTT 4.3 BTT 4.4 Subject Title Teaching Periods / Week 04 04 04 04 Maximum Marks T/P (A) 50 50 50 50 Internal Test Marks (B)

300

Total Marks (A+B) 50 50 50 50

Duration of Exam (in Hrs) 03 03 03 03

Food Biotechnology Animal Biotechnology Bioinformatics Environmental Biotechnology

Lab Course VII Practical Based on (BTT 4.1 + BTT 4.2+ BTT 4.3+ BTT 4.4)

BTP 4.1

04+04

50

50

06

BTP 4.2

Lab Course VIII Dissertation

04+04

50

Total Marks =

50 300 600

06

Total Marks (Semester III+ Semester IV) Note :1. 2.

Practical course to be conducted during the respective semesters. However the external examination of practical courses will be conducted only once. At the end of academic year annually. Each theory course to be completed in 45 hours of 60minutes duration.

Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded

Scheme of Marking M.Sc. Biotechnology (Semester Pattern)

Class M.Sc. I Yr.

Semester First semester Second semester

Marks 300

Total

600 300
300

M.Sc. II Yr.

Third semester Fourth semester Total

600
300

1200

M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester pattern

III -Semester BTT-3.1 Genetic Engineering UNIT-I Restriction endonucleases, Modification methylases and other enzymes needed in genetic Engineering. Cloning vectors: Plasmids and plasmid vectors, Phages and Phage Vectors, phagemids, cosmids, artificial chromosome vectors ( YAC, BAG), Animal virus derived vectors - SV40 and retroviral vectors Marks : 50 Hours : 45

UNIT-II Molecular cloning: Recombinant DNA techniques, construction of genomic DNA and cDNA libraries, screening of recombinants. Expression strategies for heterogonous genes DNA analysis: labeling of DNA and RNA probes. Southern and fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA fingerprinting, chromosome walking.

UNIT-III Techniques for gene expression: Northern and Western blotting, gel retardation technique, DNA foot printing, Primer extension, SI mapping, Reporter assays Sequencing of DNA, chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides,techniques of in vitro mutagenesis, Site-directed mutagenesis, gene replacement and gene targeting. Polymerase chain reaction and its applications

UNIT-IV Use of transposons in genetic analysis: Transposon tagging and its use in identification and isolation of genes. Applications of genetic engineering: Transgenic animals, production of recombinant pharmaceuticals, gene therapy, disease diagnosis Biosafety regulation: Physical and Biological containment Text & Reference: 1. Nicoll D.S.T. (2002) -An Introduction to Genetic Engineering. 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, UK. 2. Watson J.D. (1996)-Recombinant DNA. Scientific American Books, USA. 3. Mahesh S. and Vedamurthy A.B. -Biotechnology-4 (rDNA Technology, Environmental Biotechnology, Animal cell culture), New Age International Publisher. 4. Brown T. A. (1998) - Gene Cloning: An Introduction. 3rd Edition, Stanley Thornes. 5. Glick B.R. and Pasternak J.J. (1998) -Molecular Biotechnology Principles and Applications of recombinant DNA. 2nd Edition, ASM Press, USA. 6. Sambrook J. and Russell D.W. (2001) - Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 3rd Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, USA. 7. Innis M.A., Gelfand D.H. and Sninsky J.J. (1999) - PCR Applications: Protocols for Functional Genomics. Academic Press, USA. 8. D.M. Glover (1980) - Genetic Engineering, Cloning DNA. Chapman and Hall, New York, 1980. 9. Alcamo I.E. (1999) DNA Technology: The Awesome Skill. 2nd Edition, Academic Press, USA.

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern

III -Semester BTT 3.2 Microbial Biotechnology Unit-I : Microbial Production of Organic Acids and Solvents Production of alcohol by fermentation Production, recovery and applications of : Glycerol, Acetone , Citric acid, Lactic acid Unit-II : Microbial Production of Amino Acids and Vitamins Production, recovery and applications of amino acids: L-Glutamic acid, L-Tryptophan Production, recovery and applications of vitamins:Vitamin-B12 and Riboflavin Marks : 50 Hours : 45

Unit-III : Production of Chemotherapeutic Agents Production, recovery and applications of antibiotics:Penicillin, Erythromycin Other Microbial Products General features of microbial polysaccharides Production, recovery and applications of polysaccharides: Xanthan, Dextran and Alginate Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Chemistry and properties, Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), Biopol-a biodegradable plastic Microbial recovery of petroleum Unit-IV: Enzyme Technology Immobilization of enzymes and cells: Methods and applications (commercial and Analytical) Production and applications of : Proteases, Pectinases, Cellulase, Penicillin, acylase Biotransformation Microbial transformation: Basic concept involved Types of bioconversion reactions: Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolytic reactions, Condensations Transformation of steroids and sterols Transformation of nonsteroid compounds: L-Ascorbic acid, Prostaglandins, Antibiotics

Text & Reference: 1. Gupta P.K. (2004) - Biotechnology and Genomics. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India. 2. Lemke T.L., William D.A., Roche V.F. and Zito S.W. (2008) Foyes Principles of Medicinal 3. Chemistry. 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA. 4. Satyanarayana U. (2005) Biotechnology. Uppala Author Publisher Interlinks,Vijaywada, 5. India. 6. Board N. (2004) Biotechnology: Hand Book. Asia Pacific Business Press Inc, Delhi. 7. Crueger W. and Cruger A. (2000) Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology. 8. 2nd Edition, Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. 9. BuLock J. and Kristansen B. (Eds) (1987) Basic Biotechnology. Academic Press Inc Ltd, 10. London. 11. Arora D.K. (Ed) (2004) Handbook of Fungal Biotechnology. Marcel Dekker Inc, USA. 12. Demain A.L., Davies J.E. (Ed in Chief) (1999) Manual of Industrial Microbiology and 13. Biotechnology. 2nd Edition, ASM, Washington, USA. 14. Marooka Y. and Imanaka T. (1994) Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and 15. Agricultural Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., USA. 16. Biology of Industrial Microorganisms by A.L. Demain. 17. Industrial Microbiology by G. Reed (Ed), CBS Publishers (AVI Publishing Co.) 18. Biotechnology, A textbook of industrial Microbiology by Creuger and Creuger, Sinaeur associates. 19. Manual of industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 2nd edition by Davis J.E. a. Demain A.L. ASM publications. 20. Microbiology of Foods by John C. Ayres. J. Orwin Mundt. William E. Sandinee. 21. Freeman and Co. 22. Fundamentals of Dairy Microbiology by Prajapati. 23. Comprehensive biotechnology Cooney & Humphery. Vol-3.Pergamon press. 24. Microbial technology peppler & perlman. Vol- I, II Academic Press. 25. Text book of biotechnology H.K Das 3rd ed. Willey India 26. Industrial microbiology A.H Patel Macmillan Pub.

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern

III Semester BTT-3.3 Enzymology and Protein Engineering Marks : 50 Hours : 45

UNITI : Enzymes: Classification - IUB system, rationale, overview and specific examples. Characteristics of enzymes, enzyme substrate complex. Concept of active centre, binding sites, stereo specificity and ES complex formation. Effect of temperature, pH and substrate concentration on reaction rate. Activation energy. Transition state theory. Enzyme catalysis: Factors affecting catalytic efficiency - proximity and orientation effects , distortion or strain, acid - base and nucleophilic catalysis. Methods for studying fast reactions. Chemical modification of enzymes. Isoenzymes and multiple forms of enzymes. UNIT - II: Enzyme kinetics:Michaelis - Menten Equation - form and derivation, steady state enzyme kinetics.Significance of Vmax and Km. Bisubstrate reactions. Enzyme inhibition - types of inhibitors - competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive, their mode of action and experimental determination. Enzyme activity, international units, specific activity, turnover number, end point kinetic assay UNIT III: Allosteric Reactions:Protein ligand binding including measurements, analysis of binding isotherms,Cooperativity, Hill and Scatchard plots and kinetics of allosteric enzymes. Enzyme regulation:Product inhibition, feedback control, enzyme induction and repression and covalent modification. Allosteric regulation. Immobilized Enzymes:Relative practical and economic advantage for industrial use, effect of partition on kinetics and performance with particular emphasis on charge and hydrophobicity (pH,temperature and Km). Various methods of immobilization - ionic bonding, adsorption,covalent bonding (based on R groups of amino acids) , microencapsulation and gel entrapment. Immobilized multienzyme systems

UNIT- IV: Biosensors : glucose oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, urease and antibodies as biosensors Introduction to protein engineering, structure prediction sequence structure relationship. Recombinant proteins using fusion protein statagies for enhanced recovery, Engineering protein for the affinity purification,(engineering of strptavidin) Stabilization of enzymes by protein engineering(eg. pseudomonas isoamylase) Text & References: 1) Fundamentals of Enzymology- Price and Stevens 2) Enzymes - Dixon and Webb 3) Isoenzymes - By D. W. Moss 4) Immobilized Biocatalysts -W. Hartneir 5) Selected papers Allosteric Regulation- M. Tokushige 2) Basic Biochemical Methods- 2nd ed by R.R.Alexander and J.M.Griffith. 3) Hawks Physiological Chemistry- ed. by Bernard L Oser. 4) A Textbook of Practical Biochemistry -by David Plummer. 5) Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry -by S. Jayaraman. 6) Practical Biochemistry by Clarke and Switzer 7) Methods in Enzymatic analysis by Bergmeyer, Vol I III

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern

III Semester BTT-3.4 Plant Biotechnology Marks : 50 Hours : 45

Unit-I : Plant Tissue Culture-I Introduction to cell and tissue culture Tissue culture media: Types, Composition and Preparation. Initiation and maintenance of callus and suspension culture, Organogenesis: Principles, Concept and Applications of Somatic embryogenesis Plant Tissue Culture-II Shoot tip culture, rapid clonal propagation and production of virus free plants.

 Protoplast culture: Importance, Isolation of protoplasts, method of protoplast culture, culture media, Growth and division of protoplast, regeneration of plants Plant Tissue Culture-III Embryo culture and embryo rescue Anther, Pollen and Ovary culture for production of haploid plants and homozygous lines Cryopreservation, slow growth and DNA banking for germ plasm conservation Commercial application of tissue culture technology, examples: banana and Sugarcane. Unit-II: Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture N2 fixing bacteria as microbial biofertilizers: Symbiotic and nonsymbiotic bacteria Microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture: Microorganisms, Physiology and Production technology of (i) Cyanobacteria (ii) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (iii) Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (iv) Mycorrhizae Plant hormones by bacteria Unit-III: Biopesticides and Integrated Pest Management Biological control, Plant biopesticides and botanicals and microorganisms pest control Biopesticides v/s chemical pesticides: advantages and disadvantages Examples of biopesticides: Bt-based biopesticides, Baculoviruses, Trichoderma and Trichogramma Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Use of insect resistant crops, Refugia and Ecological approach of IPM Present status and future needs for making biopesticides and IPM popular Unit-VI: Transgenic Crops Crops with resistance to biotic stresses, viruses, fungal and bacterial diseases: strategy and examples Crops with resistance to abiotic stresses (Herbicides and drought conditions): strategy and examples Terminator technology Ecological risk assessment of genetically modified crops

Text & References: 1. Gupta P.K. (2004) - Biotechnology and Genomics. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India. 2. Owen M.R.L. and Pen J. (Eds) (1996) - Transgenic Plants: A Production System for Industrial and Pharmaceutical Proteins. John Wiley & Sons, England. 3. Bidlack W.R., Omaye S.T., Meskin M.S. and Jahner D. (1998) - Phytochemicals: A New Paradigm. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 4. Shahidi F. and Ho C.T. (2000) - Phytochemicals and Phytopharmaceuticals. The American Oil Chemists Society, USA. 5. Murooka Y. and Imanaka T. (1994) - Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and Agricultural Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., USA. 6. Purohit S.S. (1999) - Agricultural Biotechnology. Agro Botanica, India. 7. Endress R. (1994) - Plant Cell Biotechnology. Springer Verlag, Germany BTP-3.1 LABCOURSE-V (PRACTICALS BASED ON BTT-3.1 AND BTT-3.2)

1. Bacterial culture and antibiotic selection media. Preparation of competent cells 2. Isolation of plasmid DNA. 3. Isolation of Lambda phage c DNA. 4. Quantitation of nucleic acids. 5. Agarose gel electrophoresis and restriction mapping of DNA. 6. Construction of restriction map of plasmid DNA 7. Cloning in plasmid/phagemid vectors. 8. Preparation of helper phage and its titration 9. Preparation of single stranded DNA template. 10. DNA sequencing. 11. Gene expression in E coli and analysis of gene product 12. PCR ____________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Production and isolation of bacterial exo-polysaccharides 14. Production and estimation of alkaline protease from bacterial source 15. Production and estimation of bacterial lipase 16. Production of sauerkraut by microorganisms 17. Production and estimation of lactic acid by Lactobacillus Sp.

18. Production of fermented milk by Lactobacillus acidophilus. 19. Production and characterization of citric acid using A. niger. 20. Production and extraction of thuricide. 21. Comparison of ethanol production using various Organic wastes /raw Material 22. Laboratory scale production of biofertilizers 23. Amylase production by bacteria and fungi 24. Production of kojic acid.

BTP-3.2 LABCOURSE VI (PRACTICALS BASED ON BTT-3.3 AND 3.4) 1.Identification and quantitation of activity of Amylase, cellulose, amyloglucosidase, invertase Alkaline phosphatase (salivary/microbial/animal/plant source). 2. Determination of specific activity. 3. Determination of activity in presence of activators. 4. Determination of activity in presence of inhibitors. 5. Determination of optimum pH 6. Determination of optimum temperature. 7. Determination of Competitive, non-competitive inhibitors 8. Separation and identification of amino acid mixture by Paper chromatography technique. &Paper electrophoresis technique 9.Separation and identification of serum proteins by polyacrylamide/agarose gel electrophoresis. (BSA/Hb).. 10. Separation of proteins (hemoglobin & cytochrome c) using molecular sieve chromatography. 11. Determination of capacity of ion exchange resin [Dowex- 50] 12. Purification of protein by ion exchange chromatography.[DEAE cellulose chromatography] 13.Determination of activity of invertase from immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. _____________________________________________________________________________ 14. Preparation of Media. 15. Surface Sterilization 16. Organ Culture 17. Callus Culture, organogenesis. 18. In vitro rooting and acclimatization . 19. Protoplast isolation and culture. 20. Anther Culture/ Production of haploids. 21. Cytological examination of regenerated plants. 22. Agrobacterium culture, selection of tranformants, GUS assay.

23. Synseed preparation 24. Callus induction and characteristics of callus 25. Plant regeneration from callus. 26. Somatic embryogenesis 27. Meristem culture for medicinal plant. 28. Isolation of nitrogen fixing rhizobia 29. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and determination of efficiency

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern

IV Semester BTT 4.1 Food Biotechnology Marks : 50 Hours : 45

Unit-I: Biotechnology for Food Ingredients Impact of biotechnology on the nutritional quality of foods Metabolic engineering of bacteria for food ingredients Technologies used for microbial production of food ingredients Production of amino acids: physiological and genetic approach Biotechnology of microbial polysaccharides in food Microbial biotechnology for food flavor production Unit-II: Aspects of Food Production. Food safety: HACCP System to food protection, Responsibility for food safety. Food Additives: Definition, Types and Functional characteristics. Natural Colors: Types, Applications, Advantages of natural colors over Artificial Sweeteners. Sweeteners: Types and Applications. Causes of food spoilage and methods to preserve food Unit-III: Fermented Food Products Fermentation technology for traditional food of the Indian subcontinent Solid state fermentations for food applications Genetic engineering of bakers yeast Biotechnology of wine yeast Biotechnology of -carotene from Dunaliella

SCP: Spirulina and Chlorella

Unit-IV: Diagnostics in food biotechnology Molecular evolution and diversity of food borne pathogens Application of microbial molecular techniques for food systems Genetic mechanisms involved in regulation of mycotoxin biosynthesis Application of ELISA assays for detection and quantitation of toxins in foods and E.coli in food Biosensors for food quality assessment Biotechnological approaches to improve nutritional quality and shelf life of fruits and vegetables Biotransformation applicable to food industries Functional foods: Concept of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Neutraceuticals Text & References : 1. Adam M.R and Moss M.O (2003) -Food Microbiology, New Age International Pub. New Delhi. 2. Frazier W.C and Westhoff D.C (2005),-Food Microbiology, 4th Edi., Tata McGraw Hill Pub Company Ltd.New Delhi. 3. Harrigan W. F (1998) - Laboratory methods in Food Microbiology, 3rd Edi. Academic Press.New York. 3. Jay J.M. (1992) - Modern Food Microbiology, 4th Ed. Chapman and Hall,New York ,NY, USA. 5. K.Vijaya Ramesh(2007) - Food Microbiology,MJP Publishers, Chennai. 6. Powar C.B and Daginawala H.F(2003), General Micribiology,Vol. II, Himalaya Pub.House,Mumbai. 7. Sivsankar B (2002), Food Processing and Preservation, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 8. Knorr D. (Ed) (1987) - Food Biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA. 9. Bielecki S. Tramper J. and Polak J. (2000) - Food Biotechnology. Elsevier. 10.Wood R., Nilsson A. and Wallin H. (1998) - Quality in the Food Analysis Laboratory. Royal Society of Chemistry. 11. Earrly R. (Ed) (1998) - The Technology of Dairy Products. 2nd Edn, Blackie Academic & Professional, UK. 12. Singh R. (2004) - Food Biotechnology. Vol.1 & 2, Global Vision Publishing House, Delhi. 13. Belits H.-D. and Grosch W. (1999) - Food Chemistry. 2nd Edition, Springer Verlag, Germany. 14. Jay J.M. (1992) - Modern Food Microbiology. 4th Edition, Chapman & Hall, NewYork, NY, USA. 15. Satyanarayana U. (2005) -Biotechnology. Uppala Author Publisher Interlinks, Vijaywada, India. 16. Spencer J.F.T. and de Spencer A.L.R. (2001) -Food Microbiology Protocols. Humana

Press, NJ, USA.

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern

IV Semester BTT-4.2 Animal Biotechnology Marks : 50 Hours : 45

UNIT- I Structure and organization of Animal cells - Culture media; Balanced salt solutions and simple growth medium, Physical, chemical and metabolic functions of different constituents of culture medium; Role of carbon dioxide, serum, growth factors, glutamine in cell culture; Serum and protein free defined media and their applications. UNIT- II Types of cell culture: primary and established culture; organ culture; tissue culture; three dimensional culture and tissue engineering; feeder layers; disaggregation of tissue and primary cell culture; cell separation; cell synchronization; cryopreservation. Biology and characterization of cultured cells: tissue typing; cell-cell interaction; measuring parameters of growth; measurement of cell death; Apoptosis and its determination; application of animal cell culture - Engineered cell culture as source of cytotoxicity assays -

valuable products and protein production UNIT- III Molecular techniques in cell culture: cell transformation; physical, chemical and biological methods; Viral gene delivery systems: Adenoviruses, ALVs, Bacculoviruses; manipulation of genes; cell cloning and micro manipulation; hybridoma technology and its applications; cell fusion methods; gene mapping; vaccine production; gene therapy, targeting, silencing and knockout. Selectable markers like pSV and pRSV plasmids -reporter genes. UNIT- IV Embryology: Collection and preservation of embryos; culturing of embryos; Gametogenesis and fertilization in animals; types of cleavage pattern; role of maternal contributions in early embryonic development; genetic regulation of embryonic development in Drosophila; homeotic genes in development; stem cell culture, embryonic stem cell and their applications. Transgenics: Transgenic animal: production and application; transgenic animals as models for human diseases; transgenic animals in live-stock improvement; expression of the bovine

growth hormone; transgenics in industry; chimera production; Ethical issues in animal biotechnology. Text & References 1.Animal cell culture; A practical approach, 4th Edition, by Freshney. R.I. John Wiley publication. 2. Methods in cell biology; Volume 57, Animal cell culture methods, Ed. Jennie P. Mather, David Barnes, Academic press. 3. Mammalian cell biotechnology; A practical approach, Ed. M. Butler, Oxford university press. 4. Exploring genetic mechanism; Ed. Maxine Singer and Paul Berg. 5. Principles of genetic manipulation; Ed. Old and Primrose, 6th Edition. Blackwell science publication. 6. Biotechnological innovations in Animal productivity, BIOTOL Series, Butterworth Heineman Ltd. Oxford, 1992 7. An introduction to embryology. WB Sounders company, Philadelphia, Balinsky. BI, 1970 8. Arora M.P.,(2003), Biotechnology,Himalaya Publishing House,Mumbai. 9. Freshney R.Ian (2006), Culture of Animal Cells:A Manual of Basic Techniques,John Wiley and Sons,Inc., New York. 10. Gangal Sudha(2007), Principles and Practice of Animal Tissue Culture, Universities Press India Pvt.Ltd. 11.Gupta P.K (2004), Biotechnology and Genomics,Rastogi Pub.Meerut. 12. Ignacimuthu S.(1995), Basic Biotechnology,Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.,New Delhi. 13.Purohit S.S. (2002),Agricultural Biotechnology,Agrobios India, Jodhpur. 14.Satyanarayana U. (2007), Biotechnology, Books and Allied Pvt.Ltd.Kolkata. 15.Schmauder Hans-Peter (1997), Methods in Biotechnology, Taylor and Francis, London.

M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester pattern

IV Semester

BTT-4.3 Environmental Biotechnology

Marks : 50 Hours : 45

UNIT -1 Basic concepts: Interactions between environment and biota; Concept of habitat and ecological niches; Limiting factor; Energy flow, food chain, food web and tropic levels; Ecological pyramids and recycling, biotic community-concept, structure, dominance, fluctuation and succession; N.P.C and S cycles in nature. Concepts and theories of evolution - Population ecology - community structure. UNIT - II Ecosystem dynamics and management: Stability and complexity of ecosystems; Speciation and extinctions; environmental impact assessment; Principles of conservation; Conservation strategies; sustainable development. Global environmental problems: ozone depletion, UV-B green house effect and acid rain, their impact in biotechnological approaches for management. UNIT - III Environmental pollution: Types of pollution,Methods for the measurement of pollution Methodology of environmental management - the problem solving approach, its limitations. Air pollution and its control through Biotechnology. Water Pollution and control: Need for water management, Measurement and sources water pollution. Kind of aquatic habitats, (fresh and marine), distribution and impact of environmental factors on the aquatic biota, productivity, mineral cycles and biodegradation different aquatic ecosystems.

UNIT IV Waste water treatment : Waste water collection, Physico-chemical properties of water, physical, chemical and biological treatment processes. ditches, Activated sludge, oxidation

trickling filter, towers, rotating discs, rotating drums, oxidation ponds. Anaerobic

digestion, anaerobic filters, Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. Treatment schemes for waste waters of dairy, distillery, tannery, sugar, antibiotic industries. Management of estuarine, coastal water systems and man-made reservoirs; Biology and ecology of reservoirs. Xenobiotics : Ecological considerations, decay behaviour and degradative plasmids; hydrocarbons, substituted hydrocarbons, oil pollution, surfactants, pesticides. Biopesticides in integrated pest management. Bioremediation of contaminated soils and wastelands. Solid waste: Sources and management (composting, vermiculture and methane production). Environmental mutagenesis and toxicity testing. Text & References 1. Environmental Biotechnology by Alan Scragg. Pearson Education Limited, England. 2. Environmental biotechnology by S.N. Jogdand. Himalaya Publishing House.Bombay. 3. Wastewater Engineering - Treatment, Disposal and Reuse. Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Tata Me Graw Hill, NewDelhi 4. Environmental chemistry by A.K. De Wiley Eastern Ltd. NewDelhi. 5. Introduction to Biodeterioration by D. Allsopp and k.J. Seal, ELBS/Edward Arnold.

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern IV Semester

BTT - 4.4 BIOINFORMATICS Marks : 50 Hours: - 45

UNIT-I Biological Data Bases The need for computation in Biology: An introduction to Bioinformatics, Historical overview, the principles involved, development of tools, internet based access.Introduction to Biological Databases, Database Browsing and Data Retrieval - Sequence databases - Genome Databases

UNIT-II Applications of Bioinformatics Application of Bioinformatics Approaches for analysis and interpretation of Sequence Data and using : Homology Searches, Sequence Alignments, Pattern Searching Application of Bioinformatics Approaches for analysis and interpretation of Genome data such as - Gene prediction, Full Genome comparison etc. Introduction to computational structural biology: Protein structure prediction using computational methods, Structure analysis, Classification of Proteins etc. UNIT-III Importance of Proteomics Strategies in Proteomics: 2 D PAGE, Mass spectrometry. Databases and search engines in proteomics Mapping of protein interactions: Two hybrid, phage display etc Proteomics applications: Understanding the mechanism of pathogenesis, Drug discovery, Disease diagnosis, identification and characterization of novel proteins. UNIT-IV Genomics -Introduction sequencing strategies for whole genome analysis, sequence data analysis.Comparative Genomics: Protein evolution from exon shuffling, Protein structural genomics, Gene function by sequence comparison Global expression profiling : whole genome analysis of mRNA and protein expression, microarray analysis, types of microarrays and their applications Functional genomics. Toxicogenomics. Pharmacogenomics Metagenomics, Metabolic engineering Text & References: 1. Teresa Attwood, David Parry-Smith - Introduction to Bioinformatics Prentice Hall, 1999 2. Pierre Baldi, Sren Brunak -Bioinformatics : the Machine Learning Approach MIT Press, c2001. 3. Andreas D. Baxevanis, B.F. Francis Ouellette - Bioinformatics : A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins, J. Wiley, c1998. 4. Philip E. Bourne, Helge Weissig - Structural Bioinformatics Wiley, c2003. Projected Pub. Date: 0311 5. Jean-Michel Claverie, Cedric Notredame - Bioinformatics for Dummies Wiley Pub., 2002. Projected Pub. Date: 0211

6. Peter Clote, Rolf Backofen - Computational Molecular Biology : an Introduction, Wiley, 2000. 7. Richard Durbin, Sean R. Eddy, Anders Krogh, Graeme Mitchison - Biological Sequence Analysis : Probabilistic Models of Proteins and Nucleic Acids ,Cambridge University Press, 1998 8. Warren J. Ewens, Gregory R. Grant - Statistical Methods in Bioinformatics : an Introduction Springer, c2001. 9. Dan Gusfield, Algorithms on Strings, Trees, and Sequences : Computer Science and Computational Biology, Cambridge University Press, 1997. 10. D. Higgins and W. Taylor - Bioinformatics : Sequence, Structure, and Databanks : a Practical Approach, Oxford University Press, 2000. 11. Timo Koski , Hidden Markov - Models for Bioinformatics Kluwer Academic Publishers, c2001. 12. Stephen A. Krawetz and David D. Womble - Introduction to Bioinformatics : a Theoretical and Practical Approach Humana Press, 2002. 13. Arthur M Lesk - Introduction to Bioinformatics, Oxford University Press, 2002. 14. David W. Mount - Bioinformatics : Sequence and Genome Analysis, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, c2001. 15. Pavel A. Pevzner - Computational Molecular Biology : an Algorithmic Approach MIT Press, c2000. 16. Joo Carlos Setubal, Joo Meidanis - Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology, PWS Pub., 1997. 17. Michael S. Waterman - Introduction to Computational Biology : Maps, Sequences, and Genomes : Interdisciplinary Statistics, Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1995 (2000 printing)

BTP-4.1 LAB COURSE-VII (PRACTICALS BASED ON BTT-4.1+4.2+4.3+4.4) 1.Isolation and Characterization of food fermenting organism from idli,butter. 2. Estimation of ascorbic acid from given food sample by titrimetric method. 3. Analysis of mycotoxin (Aflatoxin) in fungus contaminated food material. 4. Microscopic examination of Food/Milk by breed method. 5. Estimation of lactose from milk. 6. Quality characterization of pasteurized milk by MBRT method. 7. To judge efficiency of pasteurization of milk by Phosphatase test. 8. Detection of microbial count in Milk by SPC method. 9.Isolation and biochemical testing of probiotic cultures (Lactobacilli) from food samples (curd, intestine, sauerkraut, dosa, etc)

10. Check the potential of bacterial culture as probiotic culture by testing bile i) salt tolerance ii) acid tolerance iii) heat tolerancE ___________________________________________________________________ 11. Packing and sterilization of glass and plastic wares for cell culture. 12. Preparation of reagents and media for cell culture. 13. Primary culture technique for chicken embryo fibroblast. 14. Secondary culture of chicken embryo fibroblast. 15. Cultivation of continuous cell lines. 16. Quantification of cells by trypan blue exclusion dye. 17. Isolation of lymphocytes and cultivation of lymphocytes 18. Study of effect of toxic chemicals on cultured mammalian cells 19. Study of effect of virus on mammalian cells. 20. Suspension culture technique 21. Cryopreservation of cell primary cultures and cell lines. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22.Estimation of TS, T.D.S., form given water sample. 23.Estimation of Hardness, Ca and Mg from given water and soil sample. 24.Estimation of Chlorides by Silver nitrate method. 25.Estimation of Na and K from given water and soil sample by flame photometrically. 26.Estimation of Sulphate from given water and soil sample by spectorphotometrically/ colorimetrically. 27.Estimation of Phosphate from given water and soil sample by Spectrophotometrically 28.Determination of Dissolved Oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand of polluted water. 29. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand of polluted water. 30.Measurement of sounds by DB meter in silent, industrial, residential and commercial zones. 31.Demonstration of Total Nitrogen estimation by Kjeldahls Method. 32.Field work (one day) ________________________________________________________________________ 33.Measurement of sounds by DB meter in silent, industrial, residential and commercial zones. 34.A guided tour of NCBI/EBI : Data acess standard search engines : data retrievals

tools Entrez, DBGET and SRS (sequence retrieval systems); software for data building. submission of new revised data. 35. Sequence homology as product of molecular evolution, sequence similarity searches, 36.sequence alignment-global, local, end free-space; measurement of sequence similarity, similarity and homology. 37. Multiple sequence alignment 38. Phylogeny reconstruction, PHYLIP package 39. Word processing. 40. Getting an amino acid sequence, nucleotide sequence by blasting. 41. Multiple sequence alignment 42. Homology modeling 43. Protein identification & characterization with peptide mass fingerprinting data. 44. Primary structure analysis of proteins. 45. Secondary structure analysis of proteins (helical content of peptide). 46. Tertiary structure analysis of proteins (3D structure prediction). BTP-4.2 LABCOURSE-VIII Project (Dissertation) The project allotted during the third semester will be continued and it is expected that the students will design experiments and collect experimental data to deduce conclusions. At the end, they will submit a detailed thesis for evaluation. The students should be introduced to research methodology in the beginning through few lectures. The approach towards the execution of project should be as follows: 1) Selection of topic relevant to priority areas of biotechnology. 2) Collection of literature from libraries, internet, on-line journals, etc. 3) Planning of research experiments 4) Performing the experiments with scientific and statistical acceptability. 5) Presentation of observations and results. 6) Interpretation of results and drawing important conclusions. 7) Discussion of obtained results with respect to literature reports. 8) Preparation of report (thesis) containing introduction, materials and methods, results and discussion, conclusions, bibliography. 9) Presentation of research data.

SKELETON OF THEORY QUESTION PAPER M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER PATTERN THEORY PAPER
Time: Three hours Note: (i) (ii) (iii) Q.1. OR Q.1. 10 Maximum Marks: 50 Attempt all questions All questions carry equal marks Draw neat and well labeled diagrams wherever necessary 10

Q.2. OR Q.2.

10 10

Q.3. OR Q.3.

10 10

Q.4 OR Q.4.

10 10

Q. 5 Write short notes on ( Any Two)

A) B) C) D) Note :

10

Each Theory paper constitutes four Units One question from each unit of theory paper and short notes shall be asked from All four units in the theory examination

PROFORMA FOR PRACTICAL EXAMINATION SWAMI RAMANAND TREETH MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY, NANDED Faculty of Science M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester pattern Practical Examination Marks: 50 Q 1) Major Question Q 2) Minor Question Q 3) Major Question Q 4) Minor Question Q 5) Viva-Voce Q 6) Record Book 10 10 10 10 05 05