Parasit-CNS-Toxoplasmosis -Toxoplasmosis gondii obligate intracellular protozoan parasitic in phylum Apicomplexia -important in women more than men infect

ct fetus (congenital toxoplasmosis) -crescent shaped -transmission-4 routes: Raw/partly cooked meat (toxoplasma cysts) Contaminated food & water with cat feces (oocysts) Transplancental infection Receiving infected organ transplant/blood transfusion (also) milk goat unpasteurized

-major forms: Oocysts (contain sporozoites) in feces Tachyzoites rapid multiply in tissue Bradyzoites slow Tissue cysts walled structure food in muscle & CNS, contain dormant T.gondii bradyzoites

-more common in warm climates & at lower altitudes than in cold climates & mountains regions -Life cycle: Cat becomes infected by T.gondii by carnivonism After ingestion by cat, parasites are released from cysts & invade epithelial cells of SI where they undergo asexual followed by sexual cycle & form oocyst excreted by feces Human (intermediate) o raw meat/oocyst of cats o tissue cyst/oocyst dissolve during ingestion release bradyzoites/sporozoites SI multiply of tachyzoites o disseminated to tissue via blood & lymph o tachyzoites enter cells & multiply, the host cell rupture release tachyzoites -> bradyzoites within tissue cyst towards brain & heart & skeletal muscle or it remain dormant

-Features: Tachyzoites proliferate in tissue -> kills host cells cause serious lesions particularly in brain, retina, lungs, heart & liver Tachyzoites proliferate leading to formation of cysts which contain bradyzoites. Tissue cyst have a predilection for neural, eye & muscle tissue Rupture of cyst -> bradyzoites -> hypersensitivity rx In brains, nodules of glial cells -> chronic encephalitis + spastic paralysis Chronic toxoplasmosis -> myocarditis -> permanent heart damage & pneumonia Congenital toxoplasmosis -> stillbirth & severe birth defects hydrocephalus, mental retarded, cant live > 10 yrs

-Characteristics: IP 10-23 days (meats), 5-20 days (oocsyt) Immunocompromised asymptomatic usually Flu-like symptoms Lymphadenopathy (enlargement of lymph node) Fever Rash Malaise, myalgia Headache Sore throat Immunosuppressed myositis, myocarditis, pneumonitis, facial paralysis, blindness

-Congenital toxoplasmosis: -Dx: Biological: o Animal inoculation (mice) o Tissue cultures o Tissue taken by biopsy Serological: o Sabin, Feldman dye test o Indirect HI test o IFA o Direct Agglutination Test o Indirect Agg. Test Histological Looking for IgM 2 samples after 2 weeks, take again 1st trimester (3 months) dangerous Brain & retina affected Severity varies Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, convulsion, intracerebral calcification Late of stage fever, rash, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, pneumonia Abortion & stillbirth may seen in 1st trimester

-Epidemiological: Environmental tropical Cat resource Farm animal sheep, goat cook well Cultural habits consumption of raw meat (Europe)

-Prevention & control: Meat cooked 67C Pregnant mother avoid Wash hands Gloves while gardening & vegetable washed

-Tx: Sulphadiazine + pyrimethamine acute stage