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Lab 10: Circulatory Physiology

AP Biology Ms. Penrose

Alejandro Torres
Henry Maritza Destiny

4/13/2012

Background: Anatomy is the science concerned with the shape, structure and the relationship of parts of organisms. It includes human anatomy, zootomy and phytology. It is divided into macroscopic anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Physiology is the biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts. The human body contains 11 different systems, which are: The circulatory system that transports oxygen trough the blood inside the body. The digestive system, which is made up of organs, that break up food, into energy, vitamins, proteins, minerals etc. The endocrine system, which is made up of glands, those produce the bodies hormones. The immune system, which is the system of defense our body has to fight viruses and diseases. Very similar to the immune system, the lymphatic system is also another type of defense that our body has. The muscular system works with the skeletal system, to control movement of the body. The nervous system is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves. One of the most important systems in the body, the nervous system is your body's control system. The reproductive system, that allows us to have kids. The respiratory system brings air into the body and removes carbon dioxide. It includes the nose, trachea, and lungs. The skeletal system is made up of bones, ligaments and tendons. It shapes the body and protects organs. The skeletal system works with the muscular system to help the body move. And finally, the excretory system, which gets rid of the waste our body doesnt need after digesting the food. An ecosystem is the environment in which an organism lives. An ecosystem involves everything from location, resources, food, space, predators etc. Ecology is the study of ecosystems. An ecologist usually investigates and records data concerning en ecosystem or many at the same time. Ecology focuses on the relationship and behavior between different species living in the same ecosystem. These two words relate to one another because it is proven that for perfect balance it is needed for ecosystems to be in equilibrium. This means that if one single species in an ecosystem where to disappear the whole thing goes bad because the balance is broken. Purpose: 1) The purpose of the first section is to take everyones blood pressure to compare different levels of blood pressure and finally average all of them. 2) The second section of the lab is to evaluate a single person from the group and determine the persons fitness level after the completion of several tests. Hypothesis:

Materials and Methods: Part 1: 1.You begin by inflating the cuff. Once the pressure in the cuff is above the subject's systolic pressure (140 in this example), blood cannot flow below the cuff. You will hear no sound in the brachial artery when you listen with the stethoscope. (1) 2. As you release the pressure valve and slowly deflate the cuff, blood begins to flow through the artery. (1) 3. When the pressure in the cuff is between the systolic and diastolic pressure, you can hear a tapping sound with each pulse. The first tapping sound you hear indicates that blood has entered the artery. Record this reading as the systolic pressure. You continue to deflate the cuff until the tapping sounds cease. (1) 4. The last tapping sound you hear indicates the diastolic pressure. (1) 5. Repeat steps 1-4 for the rest of the members in the group. Part 2: Test 1: Change in systolic from reclining to standing 1. Recline for 5 minutes and record blood pressure 2. After the 5 minutes stand and record blood pressure again 3. Calculate difference of blood pressure when reclining and standing Test 2: Standing pulse 1. Stand for 5 min and record pulse 2. Record data Test 3: Reclining pulse 1. Recline for 5 minutes and record pulse 2. Record data Test 4: Pulse increase from reclining to standing 1. Recline for 5 minutes 2. After 5 minutes record still reclining Stethoscope Sphygmomanometer Chair Timer

3. Stand up and immediately record pulse when standing Test 5: a) Return of pulse to standing after exercise 1. Exercise vigorously for 5 minutes 2. After 5 minutes of exercise stop and count the time it takes for your pulse to go back to standing pulse. 3. Record time in seconds. b) Pulse rate increase immediately after exercise 1. Exercise vigorously for 5 minutes 2. After 5 minutes of exercise record pulse 3. Calculate the difference of standing pulse to pulse after exercise 4. Record data Post testing: Wait for teacher to give you data on points for the selected person doing the fitness test.

Data and Observations: Part 1: Blood Pressure Data Measurement Systolic Diastolic Person 1 129 90 Person 2 120 70 Person 3 120 90 Person 4 130 90 average 124.75 85

Part 2: Fitness Data Table Test one: change in systolic form declining to standing Test 2: standing pulse Test 3: reclining pulse Test 4: pulse increase from reclining to standing Test 5: a) return of pulse to standing after exercise b) Pulse rate increase immediately after exercise 120/130mm change is 10 72 beats/min 58 beats/min 72-58=24 14 beats/min 100 seconds 135 beats/min 3 pts. 3pts. 3pts. 3pts. 1pt. -1pt.

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