NAME______________________________ ID#____________________ Quiz Section_______

Notebook/In-lab: 2 pts CHEM 162 Report: 63 pts Lab #1: CHEMICAL MODELS Due at the end of the lab period, before you leave.

Use the chemical model kits to help you visualize the geometry of each of the following molecules. These models will be especially helpful when determining the polarities of these molecules.

SO2
Atom # of valence e per atom

3-D Lewis Structure (1 pt):

-

Total # of valence e-

S O --Total (0.5 pt for electron accounting)

Electron-pair geometry (0.5 pt): Molecular shape & classification (0.5 pt): Ideal bond angles (0.5 pt): Hybridization around S (0.5 pt): Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

CH2Cl2
Atom

3-D Lewis Structure (1 pt): Total # of valence e-

# of valence eper atom

C H Cl --Total (0.5 pt for electron accounting) Electron-pair geometry (0.5 pt): Molecular shape & classification (0.5 pt): Ideal bond angles (0.5 pt): Hybridization around C (0.5 pt): Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

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IF4+
Atom

3-D Lewis Structure (1 pt): # of valence eper atom Total # of valence e-

I F --ion --Total (0.5 pt for electron accounting)

Electron-pair geometry (0.5 pt): Molecular shape & classification (0.5 pt): Ideal bond angles (0.5 pt): Hybridization around I (0.5 pt): Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

XeOF4
Atom

3-D Lewis Structure (1 pt): # of valence eper atom Total # of valence e-

Xe O F --Total (0.5 pt for electron accounting)

Electron-pair geometry (0.5 pt): Molecular shape & classification (0.5 pt): Ideal bond angles (0.5 pt): Hybridization around Xe (0.5 pt): Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

NAME______________________________ ID#____________________ Quiz Section_______

NF3
Atom

3-D Lewis Structure (1 pt): # of valence eper atom Total # of valence e-

N F --Total (0.5 pt for electron accounting)

Electron-pair geometry (0.5 pt): Molecular shape & classification (0.5 pt): Ideal bond angles (0.5 pt): Hybridization around N (0.5 pt): Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

BH3
Atom

3-D Lewis Structure (1 pt): # of valence eper atom Total # of valence e-

B H --Total (0.5 pt for electron accounting)

Electron-pair geometry (0.5 pt): Molecular shape & classification (0.5 pt): Ideal bond angles (0.5 pt): Hybridization around B (0.5 pt): Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

NAME______________________________ ID#____________________ Quiz Section_______

I 3Atom

3-D Lewis Structure (1 pt): # of valence eper atom Total # of valence e-

I --ion --Total (0.5 pt for electron accounting)

Electron-pair geometry (0.5 pt): Molecular shape & classification (0.5 pt): Ideal bond angles (0.5 pt): Hybridization around I (0.5 pt): Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

SF6
Atom

3-D Lewis Structure (1 pt): # of valence eper atom Total # of valence e-

S F --Total (0.5 pt for electron accounting)

Electron-pair geometry (0.5 pt): Molecular shape & classification (0.5 pt): Ideal bond angles (0.5 pt): Hybridization around S (0.5 pt): Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

NAME______________________________ ID#____________________ Quiz Section_______

BrCl3
Atom # of valence e per atom

3-D Lewis Structure (1 pt):

-

Total # of valence e-

Br Cl --Total (0.5 pt for electron accounting)

Electron-pair geometry (0.5 pt): Molecular shape & classification (0.5 pt): Ideal bond angles (0.5 pt): Hybridization around Br (0.5 pt): Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

Formal Charge
Draw Lewis dot structures for HCO3-, CO32-, CN-, NO3-, and OH-, indicating all non-zero formal charges. 3-D structures are not necessary. (1 pt each) HCO3CO32CN-

NO3-

OH-

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Cl
Build the following structure:

H
Is this molecule polar or non-polar? Why or why not? (2 pts)

C2H2F2
There are 3 possible structures (isomers) for this chemical formula. Build the 3 possible isomers with your model kit and use the models to help you determine if the molecules you built are polar or non-polar.
3-D Lewis Structure 1 (0.5 pt): Atom # of valence eper atom Total # of valence e-

C H F --Total (1pt for electron accounting) Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment) 3-D Lewis Structure 2 (0.5 pt): 3-D Lewis Structure 2 (0.5 pt):

Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

Polar or Non-Polar (0.5 pt): (if polar, show dipole moment)

NAME______________________________ ID#____________________ Quiz Section_______

Counting Isomers
In the last part of this activity you will be using the molecular models to explore the "shapes" of molecules and the implications of such shapes for determining the number of "distinct" isomers consistent with the actual molecular formula and with the shape under consideration. An isomer is a 1, 2, or 3-dimensional molecular "structure" with a given actual molecular formula. If there is exactly one such possible structure, there is only "one" isomer. However, many molecular shapes and formulae allow for "more than one isomer, with the same molecular formula." One type of isomer is a geometric isomer, which you have already worked with (results in cis and trans isomers). Another type of isomer is an optical isomer, which we encounter when the two configurations are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed on one another. Note that this activity provides an introduction to these concepts (especially isomers) before we have fully introduced or discussed them in lectureso dont hesitate to work with your TA, with students in your group, and with students in other groups in solving these problems, and answering the related questions!

Square Planar Molecules A4 Consider a planar square molecule with formula A4. Construct a model of such a molecule using the yellow ball in the center with 4 sticks coming out of it. At the end of the sticks, place one of the small white balls with only one hole in it to form a square planar structure. (You will ignore the color/identity of the central ball in all of these activities.) Is there more than one way to do to build this square planar molecule? Sketch all of the possible arrangements consistent with the molecular formula and the square planar structure and discuss the number of isomers. (2 pts)

A3B Keeping the square planar structure from the A4 molecule, how many distinct ways are there to replace "one" of the A (white) atoms by a B atom (small green ball with one hole)? In other words, how many isomers are there? Sketch them all. (2 pts)

NAME______________________________ ID#____________________ Quiz Section_______ A2B2 Now consider the same square planar configuration, but the molecular formula A2B2 (two small white balls and two small green balls). How many isomers are there? Draw all that you find. Note: One way to think about this is: are atoms bonded to different nearest neighbor atoms in two different structures? That will certainly lead to different physical and chemical properties! (2 pts)

Tetrahedral Molecules A4 Another common arrangement of 4 atoms is that of a tetrahedron, rather than a planar square. Construct a tetrahedral model of an A4 molecule using the black ball with four holes in it as the center, with small white balls at the other ends of the sticks. Sketch all of the possible arrangements consistent with the molecular formula and the tetrahedral structure and discuss the number of isomers. (2 pts)

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A3B
If we replace "one" of the A atoms in the tetrahedral shape by an atom of a different color (a small green ball), how many "distinct" ways may this be accomplished? One? Two? How many isomers are there? Is this a different result than that for the square planar A3B system? Sketch the different isomers.

(2 pts)

A2B2
Now make a tetrahedral model with formula A2B2 by switching a second white ball out for another green one. Compare your tetrahedral model of A2B2 to those of other groups. How many distinct isomers are there? One? Two? More? Sketch the different isomers.

(2 pts)

How does this compare to your results for the square planar models?

(1 pt)

Suppose an A2B2 molecule is actually synthesized, and found to have only one possible isomer. Can this data be used to accept or reject possible 4-atom structures as discussed in the above examples? Explain.

(1 pt)

NAME______________________________ ID#____________________ Quiz Section_______ ABCD

Construct a tetrahedral structure for the molecule with formula ABCD..that is each outside atom of the tetrahedron is a different atom, or a different colored ball (white, green, orange, and purple). How many isomers are there now? One? Two? Three? (Hint.two isomers are the "same" if they can be exactly superimposed, if they can't be, then they are distinct.) See if, by building two tetrahedra, each with formula ABCD, you can show that there are, in fact, two distinct isomers! What will it take to make them different? Do ask for help from other groups or from your TA should you need it. In what manner are the two isomers different? Is this a different type of isomer than in the prior examples? For example do your isomers follow the rule: are atoms bonded to different nearest neighbor atoms in two different structures? Sketch the molecules in a way to indicate your conclusions.

(2 pts)

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