Overview of Indian Wind Power:

World Scenario of Wind Power: Estimated world total Wind Power generation capacity at the end of 2011 was in total 238351 MW. Out of that continental distribution in MW was like Europe: 96616, Asia: 82398, Latin America & Caribbean: 3203, Pacific Region: 2858, Africa & Middle East: 1093. (Source: GWEC) GWEC reviles that out of the top wind power generating countries India stands in 5th position with generation capacity of 16084 MW after completion of 2011 projects. According to Statistical ranking China ranks 1st with 62733MW, US in 2nd with Generation 46919MW and Germany & Spain ranks 3rd and 4th respectively with generation capacity 29060MW and 21674MW. India installed additional 3019MW during the year 2010-11 that means 23% increased installation of the generation capacity 2010. In the last 5 years growth of new installation is nearly 27.6% globally. In the year 2010-11 China, US, India, France, Italy, UK, Canada and Portugal has double digit installation percentage increase where China posses 40.2%, Canada 31.4%, UK 24.6% and India has 23.1%. According to BTM Consult, by 2013 wind power market penetration is going to reach 3.35% and by 2018 it will touch 8%. It is recorded that European Union countries has the highest market penetration rate of wind power where they have 14.6% renewable power generation capacity out of total power generation. Indian Wind Power Scenario: As the first country to set up ministry for Renewable and Non Conventional Energy in the early 1980 there were no such noticeable developments. According to Indian Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Cumulative achievement up to 31.01.2012 total generation capacity including all renewable power generation units is 23800.9 MW which includes 23129.40 MW Grid connectivity and 671.50 MW Off Grid. There is no wind power generation facility in Off Grid in India. Out of total renewable power generation Wind Power accounts 16084 MW that mean nearly 67.98% of total generation comes from Wind Power. India had installed power generation capacity of 185500MW at the end of November 2011. Of the total generation capacity Wind Power share is 8.7%. Wind power potential Area in India: Centre for Wind Energy Technology estimated total potentiality for wind power was around 45 GW and current revised data is 48.5 GW and these data were well accepted by Govt. Officials. MNRE studied the detailed comprehensive wind mapping and established country-wide network of 1050 wind monitoring and wind mapping stations in 25 states and identified 216 suitable sites. Wind measurements were carried out at lower heights and did not take into account technological innovation and improvements and repowering of old turbines to replace them with bigger ones. At heights of 55-65 meters Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association (IWTMA) estimates that the potential for wind development in India is around 65-70 GW. WISE considers that with larger

turbines, greater land availability and expanded resource exploration, the potential could be as big as 100 GW. State Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Karnataka Kerala Tamil Nadu Potential (MW) 8968 10645 11531 1171 5530 State Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Orissa Rajasthan Total Potential (MW) 1019 4584 255 4858 48561

Table 1: Wind energy potential in India according to C-WET

Market growth for wind in India: Market growth in India for Wind Power is slow but steady. 5463 MW was added in the last three years and now total capacity installed is 16084 MW. Wind power in India has been concentrated in a few regions, especially the southern state of Tamil Nadu, which maintains its position as the state with the most wind power, representing 44% of Indias total wind capacity. State Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Gujarat Karnataka Rajasthan Total Capacity (MW) 2011 5904.4 2310.7 2175.6 1730.1 1524.7 Market Share of total Generation 24.8% 9.7% 9.1% 7.3% 6.4%

Table 2: Installed capacity and Market share of total generation in dominating state

Major completed and upcoming projects with capacity in India Some of the major projects completed by 2011 are listed billow with details: Power Plant Vankusawade Wind Park Cape Comorin Kayathar Subhash Ramakkalmedu Muppandal Wind Gudimangalam Puthlur RCI Lamda Danida Chennai Mohan Producer Suzlon Energy Aban Loyd Chiles Subhash Subhash Muppandal Wind Gudimangalam Wescare (India) Danida India Mohan Breweries Location Satara Kanyakumari Kayathar Ramakkalmedu Muppandal Gudimangalam Puthlur Lamda Chennai State Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Kerala Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu AP Gujarat Tamil Nadu Total Capacity (MW) 259 33 30 25 22 21 20 15 15

Some of the major upcoming projects are: Location Jaisalmer District Nallakonda Tamil Nadu GJ, MH,RJ Tuppadahalli Amreli Maharashtra Vellappaneri Company Sipla Wind Farm Narmada Wind Farm TEECL Caparo (Suzlon Energy) Accionia Orient Green Power Orient Green Power Beta Wind Capacity (MW) 102.4 50.4 200 500 56 50 84 33

Major turbine manufacturing and operating companies in India: Suzlon Energy is one of the major players in the wind turbine industry renowned as worlds 5th and Indias largest turbine manufacturer. Other than that some major companies are SRC Green Power, Suzlon, Enercon India, NEG-MICON India, Elecon Engineering, GE Wind Energy, Gamesa Eolica, Shriram EPC, LM Glassfibre. Technology and Development: India is having adequate amount of productive wind, speed with 4m/sec to 35m/sec assuming 1% of land availability for wind farms required at 12 ha/MW in sites having wind power density exceeding 200 W/sq.m at 50 m hub-height to produce electricity; cube of the wind's speed. From units of 20-60 kW with rotor diameters of around 20m, wind turbine generators have increased in capacity to 2 MW and above, with rotor diameters of 60-90 m. The largest machine being manufactured now has a capacity of 4,500 kW and a rotor diameter of 112 m. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the power of a wind turbine has increased by a factor of more than 200. Main components of a single unit are: Blade or rotor: This converts the energy in the wind power to rotational shaft energy. Drive train: Usually including a gearbox and a generator. Tower: That supports the rotor and drive train; and Other equipment includes controllers, electrical cables, ground support equipment, and interconnection equipments. Some of the highly designed efficient Rotors like Loopwing, Energy ball, Aerocam, Helix wind, Magenn air rotor, Sky serpent, GROW etc has been developed to increase the effectiveness of mechanism. So if we can improve the technologies inside the drive train and efficiency of rotor then it very much possible to generate electricity in term of efficient, feasible, economically viable within limited resources also. Some of the offshore wind power generation feasibility study also carried by National Institute of Ocean Technology and some initial efforts had indeed been undertaken by CWET. Data summary of that study was wind power density is about 250300 W/m2 by the Arabian Sea (6-6.4 m/s), 250600 W/m2 (6-7.8 m/s) by the Indian Ocean, and 150500 W/m2 (5.1-7.4) by the Bay of Bengal area where a minimum wind speed of about 6.5 m/s is required for offshore wind farms. According to news published on 29.03.2012 Suzlon Energy Ltd, India's largest wind-turbine maker, will deliver 332 megawatts of offshore turbines to a German North Sea project being developed by PNE Wind AG. Wind Power Generation cost and some Incentives in India To set up wind power plant capital cost is slightly higher than fossil fuel power plants but much lower than a solar power plant. For a wind farm, the capital cost ranges between 4.5 crores to 6.85 crores per MW in India, depending up on the type of turbine, technology, size and location. The

operating Cost of a Wind Farm is very low as the fuel cost is zero and operations and maintenance costs are low also. To welcome new initiatives Wind Energy Subsidies are provided to the companies Tax incentives: Indian renewable energy companies are entitled to take 80.0% accelerated depreciation on assets employed in renewable energy power generation and benefit from a 10year tax holiday. Generation Based Incentives (GBI): The Federal Government gives an incentive of 50 paisa per unit of wind power supplied to the grid by independent wind power producers. The incentive is limited to wind farms with a maximum aggregate installed capacity of 4,000 MW. This is over and above the state fixed electricity tariffs for Wind Energy Generation. Preferential Tariffs: State electricity regulatory commissions (SERCS) are encouraged to set preferential tariffs for power produced from Wind energy. Renewable Purchase Obligations: This is the Indian name for RPS which means the obligation to purchase a fixed amount of electricity generation from renewable energy sources. Each state in India has coordinated with the Central Regulator (CERC) to fix a RPO level. Wind Zone Wind Zone 1 (200-250 W/m2) Wind Wind Zone 2 (250-300 W/m2) Wind Wind Zone 3 (300-400 W/m2) Wind Wind Zone 4 (above 400 W/m2) Wind
Table 3: Tariffs for wind energy by CWET

Tariff (Rs./kWh) 5.63 4.9 4.17 3.75

Policies and Regulations: India has developed strong and powerful regulations in the central and state level to promote and materialize future plans which covers 1. Accelerated Depreciation 2. Indirect Tax Benefits 3. Central-level Generation-based Incentives 4. Renewable Purchase Obligations etc. Other than that different states have been developed deferent policies on wheeling, banking, buyback, third party sales, capital subsidy etc. Conclusion If we keep apart disadvantage like first time installation cost then the other factors for wind power generation like continuous wind flow can be easily identified through quality research throughout onshore and offshore in India where total 7517km of coastline and its territorial waters extend up to 12 nautical miles into the sea is available. India today stands among the top five countries in the world in terms of renewable energy capacity where we have an installed base of over 16 GW, which is around 10% of Indias total power generation capacity and contributes over 3.75% in the electricity mix. Out of this 10% contribution in power generation wind power contributes nearly 70%. So here we can conclude that there is a huge chance to grow in wind power in a country like India which is having 7.4% GDP, second largest population and emerging market of FDI.